Chapter IX: Part 9

{ Tais, 1095, 3005, Taiis, 1141. } takes. Abbreviated, as “ma” is
from “make.”
See _Ma_.
Tane, taken, 264.
Ten, grief, vexation, 2646, 3237.
A.S. _teonan_, to vex.
Tennandis, tennants, vassals holding fiefs, 1729.
R. _tenancier_.
Than, then, 3111.
The, (1) they, (2) thee, (3) thy.
Thelke, that, 709.
See l. 629, where _the ilk_ occurs; and see _Ilk_.
Thir, these, those, 2734, 2745, 2911, 3110, etc.
Thithingis, tidings, 2279.
A.S. _tidan_, to happen.
Tho, then, 545, 2221;
them, 2368.
Thoore, there, 628. Thore, 1102.
Thrid, third, 370, 2347, 2401.
A.S. _þridda_.
Throng, closely pressed, crowded, 3366.
A.S. _þringan_.
Til, to; til have, to have, 706.
Tint, lost, 1384.
See _Tyne_.
Tithandis, tidings, 2310.
Tithingis, tidings, 902, 2336.
To, too, besides, 3045.
Togidder, together, 254.
To-kerwith, carves or cuts to pieces; al to-kerwith, cuts all to
pieces, 868.
A.S. _to-ceorfian_. The prefix _to-_ is intensive, and forms a
part of the verb. See Judges ix. 53: “All to-brake his skull;”
i.e. utterly brake; sometimes misprinted “all to break” (!).
Ton, taken, 1054, 1071.
Ton, one; the ton, the one, 1822.
The tone = A.S. _þæt áne_.
To-schent, disfigured, 1221.
The intensive form of the A.S. verb _scendan_, to shame, destroy.
In the same line we have _to-hurt_, and in the next line
_to-rent_, words modelled on the same form. We find, e.g.,
in Spenser, the forms _all to-rent_, _all to-brus’d_. (See the
note on the prefix _To-_ in the Glossary to William of Palerne.)
Tothir, the other, 2536.
The tothir = A.S. _þæt oþere_, where _þæt_ is the neuter gender
of the definite article. Burns has _the tither_.
Toyer (= tother), the other;
_y_ being written for the A.S. _þ_ (_th_), 2571, 2584.
Traist, to trust, to be confident, 390, 1129, 1149, J.
Trast, 1659.
Traisting of (trusting), reliance upon, or expectation of, 25, J.
{ Translat, 508, Transulat, 2204, } to transfer, remove.
Tratory, treachery, 3224.
See R. _traïtor_.
Trety, treatise, 145.
Fr. _traité_.
Trewis, truce, 1568, 2488, 2545.
{ Tronsione, 239, Trunscyoune, 2962, Trownsciown, 2890, }
a truncheon, a stump of a spear.
Fr. _tronçon_; from Lat. _truncus_.
In the last passage it means a sceptre, _bâton_.
“One hytte hym vpon the oldé wounde
Wyth A tronchon of an ore;” (oar.)
(Le Morte Arthur, l. 3071.)
Troucht, truth, 161.
{ Tueching, 403, Tweching, 386, } touching.
Tyne, to lose, 1258, 1387.
Icel. _týna_.
Tynith, loseth, 1761.
Tynt, lost, 175, 1384, 1521.

Unwist, unknown, 1140.

Valis, falls; we should read “falis,” 2475.
Valkyne, to waken, 8.
See _Awalk_.
Vall, billow, wave, 1317.
Ger. _welle_, a wave; _quelle_, a spring; Icel. _vella_, to _well_
up, boil. Cf. also A.S. _wæl_; Du. _wiel_; Lancashire _weele_,
an eddy, whirlpool. So, too, in Burns:--
“Whyles owre a linn the burnie plays,
As thro’ the glen it wimpl’t;
Whyles round a rocky scaur it stays,
Whyles in a _wiel_ it dimpl’t.”
Varand, to warrant, protect, 3411.
R. _warandir_.
Varnit, warned, 622.
Vassolag, a deed of prowess.
Pasing vassolag, surpassing valour, 257.
R. has _vasselage_, courage, valour, valourous deeds, as
indicative of the fulfilment of the duties of a _vassal_.
We now speak of rendering _good service_.
Vassolage, valour, 2724.
Veir, were, 818.
Veris, wars, 305.
See _Were_.
Veryng, were, 2971.
A.S. _wǽron_.
Vicht, a wight, a person, 10, 55, 67.
A.S. _wiht_.
Virslyng, wrestling, struggling, 3384.
J. gives the forms _warsell, wersill_.
Visare, wiser, 607.
Viting, to know, 410.
A.S. _witan_.
Vncouth, lit. _unknown_; hence little known, rare, valuable, 1734.
A.S. _uncúð_.
Vodis, woods, 1000.
Vombe, womb, bowels, 375.
Goth. _wamba_.
Vondit, wounded, 700.
Vpwarpith, warped up, i.e. drawn up, 63.
See Note to this line. It occurs in Gawain Douglas’s prologue to
his translation of the 12th Book of the Æneid.
Du. _opwerpen_, from Goth. _waírpan_, to cast.
Vsyt, used, 1197, 1208.
Vyre, a cross-bow bolt, 1092.
R. _vire_; cf. Lat. _vertere_.

Wald, would, 419, 470, etc.
Walkin, to waken, wake, 1239.
See _Awalk_.
Wapnis, weapons, 241.
A.S. _wǽpen_, or _wǽpn_.
Ward, world, 3184.
Grose’s Provincial Dictionary gives _Ward_ = world; and the
omission of the _l_ is not uncommon; see _Genesis and Exodus_
(E.E.T.S.), ll. 32, 1315.
Wassolage, valour, 2708.
See _Vassolag_.
Wat, know, 512.
Wawasouris, vavasours, 1729.
A _Vavasour_ was a sub-vassal, holding a small fief dependent on
a larger fief; a sort of esquire.
R. _vavaseur_.
Weil, very. Weil long, a very long time, 79.
Comp. Ger. _viel_, J.
Wencussith, vanquisheth, 3331;
vanquished, 3337.
Wencust, vanquished, 2841.
Wend, (1) to go, 2191;
(2) weened, thought, 3481.
Wentail, ventaile, a part of the helmet which opened to admit air,
1056.
R. _ventaile_; from Lat. _ventus_.
Were, (1) war. Fr. _guerre_. R. _werre_, 308, etc.
(2) doubt, 84, etc. “But were,” without doubt. A.S. _wǽr_,
cautious, _wary_.
(3) worse, 1930. Burns has _waur_.
Wering, weary, 58.
A.S. _wérig_.
Werray, very, true, 1262, 2017.
Werroure, warrior, 248.
Weriour, warrior, 663.
Wers, worse, 515.
Weryng, were, 2493.
Wex, to be grieved, be vexed, 156.
Weyn, vain, 382, 524.
Weyne, _in phr._ but weyne, without doubt, 2880.
A.S. _wénan_, to ween, to suppose.
Whill, until, 1136, J. Formed from A.S. _hwíl_, a period of time.
Wice, advice, counsel, 1909.
Shortened from Awys.
Wichsaif, vouchsafe, 355, 1391.
Wichsauf, _id._ 2364.
Wicht, wight, person, 131.
Wicht, strong, nimble, 248.
“Su-G. _wig_” J. Sw. _vig_.
Wight, with, 918. Possibly miswritten.
Wist, knew, 225, 1047.
See _Wit_.
Wit, to know, 268.
A.S. _witan_; pres. _ic wát_, past tense, _ic wiste_.
Wit, knowledge, 2504.
With, by, 723.
Withschaif, vouchsafe, 1458.
With-thy, on this condition, 961.
See _For-thy_.
Wnkouth, little known, 146.
See _Vncouth_.
Wnwemmyt, undefiled, 2097.
A.S. _wam, wem_, a spot.
Wnwyst, unknown, secretly, 219, 269.
Wod (wood), mad, 3334, 3440.
A.S. _wód_. Goth. _wôds_.
Woid, mad, 2695. Perhaps we should read _woud_.
Wonde, wand, rod, or sceptre of justice, 1601, 1891. J.
Wonk, winked, 1058.
Wonne, to dwell, 2046.
A.S. _wunian_.
Worschip, honour, 1158, 1164.
A.S. _weorð-scipe_.
Wot, know, 192, etc.
See _Wit_.
Wox, voice, 13.
Lat. _vox_.
Woyß, voice, 3473.
Wrechitnes, misery, 2102;
miserliness, niggardliness, 1795, 1859.
Wy, reason; “to euery wy,” for every reason, on all accounts, 2356.
Compare _Quhy_.
Wycht, strong, nimble, 2592.
See _Wicht_.
Wynyth, getteth, acquireth, 1832.
Wyre, a cross-bow bolt, 3290.
See _Vyre_.
Wys, vice, 1795.
Wysis, 1540.

Y, written for “th.” Thus we find “oyer” for “other,” etc. The
error arose with scribes who did not understand either the
true form or force of the old symbol þ.
Yaf, gave, 387.
Yald, yield, 553;
yielded, 558.
A.S. _gildan_.
Yclepit, called, 414.
Yef, give, 563.
Yeif, give, 923.
Yer, year, 610.
Used instead of the plural “yeris,” as in l. 3243.
Yewyne, given, 1500.
Ygrave, buried, 1800.
Comp. Ger. _begraben_.
Yhere, ear, 1576.
Yher, year, 2064.
Used instead of “yheris,” 3243.
Yhis, yes, 1397.
Yis, yes, 514;
this, 160.
Ylys, isles, 2858, 2882.
Ymong, among, 821.
Yneuch, enough, 2135.
A.S. _genog_.
Yolde, yielded (to be), 951, 1088.
Ystatut, appointed, 2529.
Fr. _statuer_.
Ywyß, certainly, 1798, 1942.
See _Iwyß_.

Ȝeme, to take of, regard, have respect to, 665.
A.S. _géman_.
Ȝere, year, 342.
Ȝerys, years, 23, 1432.
Ȝewith, giveth, 1772.
Ȝha, yes, 2843.
Ger. _ja_.
Ȝhe, ye, 921.
Observe that, as in this line, _ye_ (A.S. _ge_) is the _nominative_,
and _you_ (A.S. _eów_) the _objective_ case.
Ȝhed, went, 1486.
Ch. has _yede_.
A.S. _ic eóde_, past tense of _gán_, to go.
Goth. _ik ïddja_, past tense of _gaggan_, to go.
Ȝher, year, 2064, 2274.
Ȝhing, young, 2868.
Ȝhis, yes, 1397.
Ȝhouth-hed, youth-hood, youth, 2772.
Ȝhud, went, 2696.
See _Ȝhed_.
Ȝis, yes, 3406.
Ȝolde, yielded, 291, 380, 951.
A.S. _ic geald_, past tense of _gyldan_, to pay, to yield.
Ȝude, went, 2944.
See _Ȝhed_.

INDEX OF NAMES, ETC.

Albanak, 202, 1447.
Alexander, 1837.
Alphest, 57.
Amytans, 1304, 2446.
Angus, 2858.
April, 1.
Arachell, 434.
Aries, 336.
Arthur (_passim_).

Ban, 202, 1447.
Bible, the, 1483.
Brandellis, 3086.
Brandymagus, 2884, 3430.

Camelot, 275, 280, 357, 407.
Cardole, 2153.
Carlisle, 347.
Christ, 2046.
Clamedeus, 2881, 3259.

Dagenet, 278.
Daniel, 1365.
Danȝelome, 435.

Esquyris, 2591, 2609, etc.

First-conquest king, 1064, etc.; 2568, etc.

Gahers, 3087.
Galiot (_passim_).
Galys Gwyans, 2605, 2613, etc.
Galygantynis, 599.
Galloway, 2690.
Gawane (_passim_).
Gwynans or Gwyans. See _Galys_.
Gyonde or Gyande, 302, 551, 637.

Harwy, 2853, 3206, etc.
Herynes (_i.e._ Hermes), 436.
Hundred knights, king of, 1545, 1554.

Jhesu, 2046, 2096.

Kay, 254, 355, 3081, etc.

Lady of the Lake, 220, 223.
Lancelot (_passim_);
appears as the _red_ knight, 991, etc.;
as the _black_ knight, 2430, etc.
Logris, 2301.

Maleginis, 806.
See _Malenginys_.
Malenginys, 2873, 3151, 3155.
See also _Hundred knights, king of_.
May, 12.
Melyhalt, 283, 895.
Melyhalt, lady of (_passim_).
Moses, 436.

Nembrot (_i.e._ Nimrod), 435.
Nohalt, 255.

Phœbus, 24, 2472, 2486.
Priapus, 51.

Round Table, 795, 3213.

Saturn, 2474.
Scilla, 2483.
Solomon, 1378.
Sygramors, 3083.

Titan, 335.

Valydone, 3249.
See _Walydeyne_.
Vanore, 575.
See _Wanore_.
Virgin (Mary), 2049, 2087, etc.
Venus, 309.

Wales, 599, 2153.
Walydeyne, 2879.
Wanore, 230.
Wryne, 2867.

Ydrus, 2851, 3152.
Ywan, 2606, 2618, etc.
Ywons, 2861.

JOHN CHILDS AND SON, PRINTERS.

* * * * *
* * * *
* * * * *

Errors and Inconsistencies (noted by transcriber):

_The word “invisible” means that there is an appropriately sized blank space, but the character itself is missing. In the two primary texts (French and Scottish), errors in editorial punctuation have been corrected, while other apparent errors are noted but not changed. For the French text, it was assumed that Skeat’s word “commas” includes “inverted commas” or quotation marks._

_The form “reflective” (for “reflexive”) is used consistently._

_In the primary text, the following unexpected forms are not individually noted:_

capital I at mid-sentence or mid-word
non-final round s; final long s
non-initial v; initial u
word-final ſß (apparent “sss”)

_Preface_

fancy a Southern copyist making the blunder.” [blunder.’]
between _thou_ and _ye_ (_William of Palerne_, Pref. p. xli)
[_printed “William of Palerne” in roman (plain) type_]

_“Appendix”_ (French romance)

[Footnote A16: Lines 281-292.] [_missing ._]
“Sire nous ne vous en scairions que dire.” [_final . invisible_]
“Certes,” fait le maistre, “nous auons veu une chose
[_missing open quote before “nous”_]
| ne fleur qui parlast |”
[_printed as shown, with close quote after pipe_]
“quelle royne” fait il “Le fe{m}me au roy artus,” fait lescuyer.
[_missing . after “fait il”_]
“scauez vous bien qui la dame est que vous regardez?”
[_missing open quote_]
que nul dentreulz ne demeure a cheual [_final . missing_]
“ne de la myenne non est il mye.” [_final . invisible_]
“Non,” | fait gallehault. [_comma after “Non” invisible_]
“Dame, ouy | ie vo{us} enuoyay peux pucelles.”
[_printed as shown: error for “deux”_]
fustes vous ce qui iettastes messire Gauain de prison?”
[_text unchanged: elsewhere “Gauuain”_]
[Sidenote: ... two rascals killed his horse, and Ywain gave him
another.]
[_text unchanged: elsewhere “Yvain”_]
“Et vous combatistes vous a luy” [_no question mark_]
Dame, vous scauez que ie vous ayme sur toutes
[_printed as shown: error for “il vous ayme”?_]
Et ie dys, “a dieu! dame.” Et vous distes “a dieu! mon beau
doulx amy!”
[_printed as shown: inner and outer quotes both use double
quotation marks_]

_Notes to “Appendix”_

P. xxiv. ... _brouyr_ (_brûler_), being burnt.
[_printed “brûler” in roman (plain) type_]

_Lancelot_

197 Quhare that I my{hc}t ſu{m} wnkouth mat{er} fynde,
[_text unchanged: error for “my{ch}t”?_]
297 Nor thing I not of his hye renōwn
[_text unchanged: error for “think”?_]
648 The neid is myne, I fall It not delay;
[_text unchanged: error for “sall” (i.e. shall)?_]
1360 Thar ned, and kep them to ry{ch}twyneß;
[_text unchanged: error for “ry{ch}twyſneß”?_]
1433 And as his maiſter hyme commandit hade,
[_final “e” conjectural_]
1641 And punyß for, for o thing ſhal yow know
[_text unchanged: error for “ſor, for”?_]
2016 [Fol. 25b.] [_final . invisible_]
2146-47 His leve, one to to his cuntre for to goñe;
And al the oſt makith none abyde,
[_text unchanged: error for “one to his”? (As printed, does not
fit metre; another edition has “one to his”.)
Missing syllable in second line?_]
2308 Eft fupir one to o chalm{er} ar thei went,
[_text unchanged: error for “ſupir”?_]
[Footnote T60: ... “lorne,” as in line 2092.] [_final . missing_]
[Sidenote: Then Galys Gwynans, brother of Ywan,]
2605 Than galys gwynans, w{i}t{h} o manly hart,
[_sidenote text has “Than” as in body text; both have “Gwynans”
instead of the usual “Gwyans”_]
3104 Bot deth or vthir adwentur me fall.”
[_close quote missing_]
[3380] [Sidenote: ... resist his sword.] [_final . missing_]

_Notes_

[Introductory paragraph]
_vthir_ means _uthir_, i.e., _other_ [i.e,]
P. 25, l. 820. ... “His enemies began his mortall strokes to feel.”
[_spelling unchanged_]
P. 33, l. 1109. _Galyot_ put for _Galiotes_
[_illegible “t” in “Galyot” restored from body text_]
P. 71 ... 2436. _ellis-quhat_
[_text unchanged; body text has two words “ellis quhat”_];
P. 84 ... 2884. _to led and stere_, to lead and direct.
[_comma missing or invisible_]
P. 90, l. 3065. ... “encresing in[N2] his hart”;
[_original footnote tag has 1 for 2_]

_Glossary_

Borde ... See _horde_ in Burguy.
Bretis ... Gallis _Bretesque_. Du Cange
[_printed as shown, but cited text has “Bretesques”_]
Dispolȝeith, despoileth, 1879. [_final . missing_]
Haill, whole, 3246.
[_text reads “Heill”, but correctly alphabetized as “Haill”_]
Ma, short form of Make, 953. [Ma;]
Resydens, delay, 670. [delay 670.]
{ Subiet, 1799, Subeitis, 1828, Subiettis, 1878, } subject;
subjects.
[_printed as shown, but l. 1828 has “subectis” or (footnote)
“subett{is}”_]
Valkyne, to waken, 8. / See _Awalk_. [_final . missing_]
Ȝhed, went, 1486. ... Goth. _ik ïddja_ [_text unchanged_]

_Index of Names_

Aries, 336. [_“e” invisible_]

End of Project Gutenberg's Lancelot of the Laik, by Walter William Skeat

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