Chapter V: Part 5

(1) You should love your neighbor as yourself.
(2) All over China now there are post offices, and you can send a
letter to any part of China for three cents.
(3) America is called the Kingdom of the Flowery Flag, because its
flag is very beautiful.
(4) A lazy man likes to get up late in the day, and during the day
he likes to go to sleep.
(5) Germany and France are next to one another on the map.
(6) The fox is one of the most tricky of all the animals.
(7) How long have you been in my humble country? I arrived in your
honorable country only about one year ago.
(8) Since I have promised it, I will certainly do as I said.
(9) In ancient times most men were unable to read and write; now a
large portion of the people can do so.
(10) Children should not play with matches because they might set
the house on fire.
(11) Men can not always be using their minds; they must at times
relax their minds.
(12) Yesterday I felt very wretched, and was in bed all day; to-day
I am more comfortable.

(一) 儂應該愛鄰舍像愛自家
(二) 垃拉中國各處地方有郵政局三分洋錢可以送一封信到隨便那裏頭
(三) 美國是叫花旗國因爲伊個旗是蠻好看
(四) 懶朴個人是歡喜晚碌起來日裏也要睏
(五) 德國搭之法國垃拉地理圖上是隔壁
(六) 拉中牲當中狐狸蠻掉皮個
(七) 到之敝國幾時哉? 到之貴國不過年把
(八) 我旣然應許個一定要照我話個佬做
(九) 拉古時間攏總人勿會讀書佬寫字現在大一半人可以個
(十) 小囝勿應該拿自來火來弄勃相恐怕要弄開火來
(十一) 人勿可以常莊用心有常時末終要散心
(十二) 昨日我一顔勿好一日睏拉床上今朝稍爲適意點

Notes.

(1) In the third sentence of the First Exercise {da-ka} (大家) means
“together.”
(2) In the fifteenth sentence notice the {’Veh zen meh} (勿然末),
meaning, “If not so.”
(3) In the tenth sentence of the Second Exercise “to set the house
on fire,” may be translated {Loong khe °hoo le} 弄開火來.
(4) In the eleventh sentence of the Second Exercise {Yoong°-sing}
(用心) and {San°-sing} (散心) are just the opposite of one another.

LESSON XXXII

Proverbs

As is well known, the Chinese are very fond of proverbs. Their language is exceedingly rich with sententious sayings. They also make use of many felicitous expressions on New Year’s Day, at marriages, etc. Here is a short list of those in common use. Most of them are in literary style, but are used in ordinary speech.

一念之差終身之悔.
\ih nyan° ts tsho tsoong sung ts hwe°/.
The evil done in a moment’s thought may entail the repentance of
a life time.

一言已出駟馬難追.
\Ih yien i tsheh, s° °mo nan tsoe/.
When a word has gone forth, four horses cannot overtake it.

一心舉念.
\Ih sing °kyui nyan°/.
A heart holding one thought; a mind set on one purpose.

一榻糊塗.
\Ih thah oo-doo/.
Everything in confusion.

吃人碗半, 由人使換喚.
\Chuh zung °wen pen°, yeu *zung s° hwen°/.
If you eat half a bowl of rice of another man, you thereby are
placed under obligations.

*Note that the character for man is pronounced Nyung in the
vernacular and Zung in the literary language.

皇天不負苦人心.
\Waung Thien peh veu° °khoo zung sing/.
Great Heaven never forgets the desire of a person in misery.

敗子回頭金不換.
\Ba°-°ts we deu kyung peh wen°/.
The repentance of a prodigal is more precious than gold.

推車撞之壁.
\The tsho dzaung ts pih/.
To wheel the cart against the wall,—equivalent to knock your head
against a stone wall.

捨近而求遠.
\So° °jung r jeu °yoen/.
To forfeit what is near and seek what is far. It implies the folly
of giving up the bird in the hand for the bird in the bush.

忘恩負義.
\Vaung° ung veu° nyi°/.
To forget benefits received.

順風扯旗.
\Zung° foong °tsha ji/.
To float the flag in the wind. This implies “to follow the crowd,”
and applies to a person of weak character.

人心皆同.
\Zung sing kya doong/.
Human nature is one.

惡有惡報, 善有善報, 若使勿報, 時刻未到.
\Auh °yeu auh pau°, °zen yeu °zen pau°, zak-s ’veh pau°, z khuk vi
tau°/.
Evil has an evil recompense—virtue has a good recompense. If the
recompense does not appear, it is because the time has not yet
arrived.

冤有頭, 債有生.
\Ioen °yeu deu, tsa° °yeu tsu/.
Enmity has a source, just as debt has a creditor.

欺人自欺自.
\Chi zung z° chi z°/.
To cheat others is to cheat oneself.

樹高千丈, 葉落歸根.
\Zu° kau tshien °dzang, yih lauh kwe kung/.
*Although the tree may be ten thousand feet high, its leaves fall
down to the roots.

*This means that all, sooner or later, return to their original
homes.

人面獸心.
\Zung mien° sen° sing/.
He has the face of a man and the heart of an animal.

看死捻鼻頭.
\Khoen° °si nyah pih-deu/.
To catch hold of the note of a man who is dying. Equivalent to the
expression “To hit a man when he is down.”

落水搇.
\Lauh °s chung/.
To press a drowning man down in the water. This has much the same
meaning as the preceding.

近朱者赤, 近墨者黑.
\°Jung tsu tse tshuh, °jung muh tse huh/.
Contact with red ink makes you red. Contact with black ink makes you
black.

損人利己眞小人.
\Sung zung li° kyi tsung °siau zung/.
To injure another to benefit yourself, is the part of a mean fellow.

欺衆不欺一.
\Chi °tsoong peh chi ih/.
In dealing harshly with all, you do not deal harshly with any one in
particular.

狗看滿天星.
\°Keu khoen° °men thien sing/.
The dog looks at the sky full of stars. This describes a stupid
person who does not understand what he sees.

始終如一.
\°S tsoong xu ih/.
To continue the same from the beginning to the end.

半途而廢.
\Pen° doo r fi/.
To give up half-way.

謀事在人, 成事在天.
\Meu z° dze zung, dzung z° dze thien/.
Man contrives, God accomplishes. Equivalent to “Man proposeth, God
disposeth.”

步步升高.
\Boo°-boo° sang kau/.
May you rise step by step.

壽比南山, 福如東海.
\Zeu° °pi nen san, fok zu toong °he/.
May your longevity be like the Southern Mountain, and your happiness
like the Eastern Sea.

琴瑟調和.
\Jung seh diau ‘oo/.
May the harp and guitar harmonize. Note. This is a wedding wish, the
harp and guitar signifying the bride and groom.

百年偕老.
\Pak nyien kya °lau/.
May you have happiness for a hundred year. A wedding wish.

成雙到老.
\Dzung saung tau° °lau/.
May the couple remain united until old age. A wedding wish.

稱心如意.
\Tshung sing zu-i°/.
May everything be according to your own wishes.

壽年千歲.
\Zeu° nyien tshien soe°/.
May you have a long life of a thousand years.

一路順風.
\Ih loo° zung° foong/.
May you have favorable winds journey.

恭喜發財.
\Koong-°hyi fah ze/.
*May wealth and happiness both be yours.

*This wish is often used at New Year’s time.

四季平安.
\S° kyi° bing-oen/.
May you have peace through the four seasons.

CHINESE-ENGLISH VOCABULARY

\A/

\Ah/, 押, to mortgage.

\Ah/, 鴨, a duck.

\Ah-koo/, 阿哥, an older brother.

\Ah-theh/, 押脫, to mortgage.

\Ah-°tsi/, 阿姐, an older sister.

\An°/, 晏, late.

\‘Ang-°li/, 行李, baggage.

\An°-hyih-we°/, 晏歇會, good-by.

\Au°-°lau/, 懊佬, to regret.

\Auh/, 惡, wicked.

\Auh-tshauh/, 齷齪, dirty.

\‘A-°ts/, 鞋子, shoes.

\°‘A/, 亦 or 也, also.

\°‘A-°li/, 那裏, which.

\°‘A-°z/, 亦是, also.

\‘Ah/, 狹, narrow.

\‘Ah-°ts/, 盒子, a small box.

\‘An/, 鹹, salt (adj.).

\‘Au/, 毫, 1⁄10 of a li (in currency).

\‘Au-sau°/, 豪燥, quickly.

\°‘Au/, 下, down.

\°‘Au-deu/, 下頭, below.

\°‘Au-kuh-nyoeh/, 下個月, next month.

\°‘Au-le/, 下來, to come down.

\°‘Au-nyoeh/, 下月, next month.

\°‘Au-pen°-nyien/, 下半年, last half of year.

\°‘Au-pen°-nyih/, 下半日, afternoon.

\°‘Au-pen°-nyoeh/, 下半月, last half month.

\°‘An-pen°-ya°/, 下半夜, last half night.

\°Au-°ti/, 下底, below.

\°Au-°ti-deu/, 下底頭, below.

\°‘Au-zen/, 下船, to go on board a ship.

\‘Au°/, 夏, summer.

\‘Auh/, 學, to learn.

\‘Auh-daung/, 下堂, school.

\‘Auh-sang-°ts/, 學生子, a scholar, a pupil.

\‘Aung-dzing/, 行情, price.

\B/

\Ba/, 排, to arrange in order.

\°Ba-tse/, 罷哉, (after verb), gives force of completed action.

\°Ba-’veh-tuh/, 罷弗得, indispensable.

\Bak/, 白, white.

\Bak-bak-°li/, 白白裏, useless, in vain.

\Bak-me/, 白煤, hard coal.

\Bak-wo°/, 白話, to converse.

\Ban/, 爿, a classifier for shops.

\Ban°/, 𨂝, to crawl.

\Ban°/, 辦, to direct, to attend to a matter.

\Bang-°yeu/, 朋友, a friend.

\Bang°/, 碰, to strike against.

\Bang°-dzak/, 捧着, to meet.

\Bau/, 跑, to run.

\Bau-le-bau-chi°/, 跑來跑去, to run about.

\°Bau/, 抱, to carry in the arms.

\Bau°/, 刨, a plane.

\Baung-pien/, 旁邊, by the side of.

\°Baung/, 棒, a cane, a stick.

\Be/, 陪, to accompany, to stay with a person.

\Beh-siang°/, 孛相, to play, to take recreation.

\Ben°/, 伴, to hide.

\Ben°-°loong/, 伴攏, to hide oneself.

\Bi-zau°/, 皮皂, soap.

\°Bi-deu/, 被頭, a quilt, a blanket.

\°Bien-°ts/, 辮子, a queue.

\Bien°-taung°/, 便當, convenient.

\Bih/, 別, other.

\Bih-deu/, 鼻頭, the nose.

\Bing/, 瓶, a bottle.

\Bing/, 平, level.

\Bing-foong/, 屏風, a screen.

\Bing-°koo/, 蘋果, an apple.

\Bo/, 爬, climb.

\Bok/, 薄, thin.

\Boo°/, 步, classifier of carriages.

\Boo°/, 部, classifier for sets of books.

\Boo-sah/, 菩薩, a Buddhist idol.

\°Boo-°ts/, 簿子, a small blank book.

\Boong/, 篷, a sail.

\Boong-dzung/, 塳塵, dust.

\Bung-°ts/, 盆子, a plate.

\C/

\Cheu/, 恘, bad.

\°Chi/, 起, to begin.

\°Chi/, 豈, an interrogative particle.

\°Chi-deu/, 起頭, the beginning.

\°Chi-le/, 起來, to arise; expresses action going on.

\°Chi-lih/, 起立, to stand up, standing.

\Chi°/, 去, to go.

\Chi°-lih/, 氣力, strength.

\Chi°-tse/, 去哉, good-by, gone.

\Choen°/, 勸, to exhort.

\Choen°-°mien/, 勸勉, to exhort.

\Choen°-‘oo/, 勸和, to exhort.

\Chung/, 輕, light (in weight).

\Chung-chung-nung/, 輕輕能, gently.

\Chung-°dzoong/, 輕重, weight.

\Chuh/, 吃, to eat.

\Chuh-°khoo/, 吃苦, to meet with misfortune.

\Chuh-van°/, 吃飯, eat a meal.

\Chuh-van°-de-°ts/, 吃飯檯子, a dining table.

\Chuh-van°-kan/, 吃飯間, a dining room.

\D/

\Da°/, 埭, classifier of rows of things.

\Da°-i-zaung-kuh/, 汏衣裳個, a washerman.

\Da°-ka/, 大家, together.

\Da°-ke°/, 大概, all in general, most.

\Da°-liak/, 大略, for the most part, generally.

\Da°-°s-voo°/, 大司務, the chief cook.

\Da°-tshing-kok/, 大清國, (Former name of) China.

\Dan°/, 蛋, an egg.

\Dan°-°z/, 但是, but.

\Dau-nyung-ts/, 道認之, to suppose; to think.

\Dau-°ts/, 桃子, a peach.

\°Dau-za/, 稻柴, a bundle of fuel.

\°Dau/, 稻, a plant of rice.

\Dau°-°z/, 道士, Taoist priest.

\Daung/, 糖, sugar.

\De-°ts/, 檯子, a table.

\De°/, 兌, to exchange a dollar into cash.

\°De/, 待, to deport oneself, to treat others.

\°De-man°/, 待慢, to treat rudely.

\De°-thi°/, 代替, instead of.

\Deu/, 頭, head, the chief, the first.

\Deu-fah/, 頭髮, hair on the head.

\Deu-°ts/, 骰子, dice.

\Di/, 啼, to crow.

\°Di/, 第, this, the, a series.

\°Di-deu/, 第頭, here.

\°Di-°di/, 弟弟, young brethern.

\°Di-hyoong/, 弟兄, brothers.

\°Di-ih/, 第一, the first.

\°Di-kuh/, 第個, this, these.

\°Di-mien/, 第面, the side, here.

\°Di-yang/, 第樣, this sort.

\Di°/, 地, the earth.

\Di°-faung/, 地方, place.

\Di°-jeu/, 地球, the earth.

\Di°-°li-doo/, 地理圖, a map, a chart.

\Diau/, 條, classifier for long, winding, or limber objects.

\Diau°/, 調, to exchange, to barter.

\Diau°-bi/, 調皮, tricky.

\Dien/, 甜, sweet.

\Dih/, 笛, a flute.

\Dih-’veh-dzu°/, 敵勿住, to unable to oppose.

\Ding/, 停, to stop.

\Ding-ih-ding/, 停一停, stop a minute.

\Doen°-°ts/, 緞子, a piece of satin.

\Dok/, 讀, to read.

\Dok-su/, 讀書, to study.

\Dok-su-nyung/, 讀書人, a scholar.

\Dok-°z/, 獨是, but, only.

\Doo/, 圖, a map, a chart.

\Doo°/, 大, large.

\Doo°-°siau/, 大小, size.

\°Doong/, 桶, classifier for tubes and buckets, a bucket.

\Doong-‘oo/, 銅壺, a copper kettle.

\Doong/, 銅, brass.

\Doong/, 同, with.

\Doong-dien/, 銅錢, a cash.

\°Doong/, 動, lift, to move, to excite.

\°Doong/, 動, to move a thing.

\°Doong-°‘a-’veh-°doong/, 動也勿動, immovable.

\°Doong-°lau-°doong/, 動佬動, loose, unstable.

\°Doong-°seu/, 動手, to commence work.

\°Doong-sung/, 動身, to start (on a journey).

\Dung°/, 鈍, dull.

\Dzan-vaung/, 棧房, a godown.

\Dzan°/, 賺, to gain or make a profit.

\Dzan°-deu/, 賺頭, profit in business.

\Dzang/, 長, long.

\Dzang-bung-°ts/, 長盆子, a dish.

\Dzang-dzang/, 常常, always.

\Dzang-°toen/, 長短, length.

\Dzang-tsaung/, 常莊, always.

\Dzang-°yoen/, 長遠, a long time.

\Dzang-°yoen-tse/, 長遠哉, a long time.

\Dzang-°z/, 常是, sometimes.

\°Dzang/, 丈, ten feet.

\Dzau/, 潮, tide.

\Dzau-°s/, 潮水, tide.

\Dzaung°/, 幢, classifier denoting things piled one on top of the
other.

\Dze-nga°/, 在外, besides, in addition.

\Dzeu/, 綢, silk.

\Dzeu°/, 授, to hand, to deliver in person.

\Dzien/, 錢, 1⁄10 Of an ounce of silver.

\Dzo/, 茶, tea.

\Dzo/, 查, examine carefully.

\Dzo-bung-°ts/, 茶盆子, saucer.

\Dzo-°khau/, 查考, to examine carefully.

\Dzo-kwen°/, 茶館, a tea shop.

\Dzo-‘oo/, 茶壺, a teapot.

\Dzo-yih/, 茶葉, tea leaves.

\Dzoe-bien°/, 隨便, whichever.

\Dzoe-bien°-°kyi-z/, 隨便幾時, whatever time you please.

\Dzoe-bien°-sa°/, 隨便啥, whatever, no matter what.

\Dzoong/, 從, from.

\°Dzoong/, 重, heavy.

\Dzu/, 除, to take off (a hat).

\Dzu-vaung/, 厨房, a kitchen.

\Dzu°/, 住, to live.

\Dzu°-la°/, 住拉, to live.

\Dzuh-tau°/, 直到, until.

\Dzung/, 層, classifier for stories of a house or ladder.

\Dzung/, 城, a city.

\Dzung-jeu°/, 仍舊, still, yet.

\Dzung-koong/, 成功, to complete.

\E/

\E°/, 愛, to love.

\En°/, 暗, dark.

\En°-en°-°li/, 暗暗裏, secretly.

\‘E°/, 害, to injure.

\‘Eh-thien-‘au°/, 合天下, universal.

\‘Eu-°ts/, 兒子, a son.

\‘Eu°/, 候, after.

\°‘Eu/, 厚, thick.

\°‘Eu-bok/, 厚薄, thickness.

\°‘Eu-deu/, 後頭, behind.

\°‘Eu-le/, 後來, afterwards.

\°‘Eu-nyih/, 後日, day after to-morrow.

\°‘Eu-°seu/, 後首, afterwards.

\°‘En-°ti/, 後底, behind.

\°‘Eu-°ti-deu/, 後底頭, behind.

\F/

\Fah-dze/, 發財, to become rich.

\Fah-kok/, 法國, France.

\Fan/, 翻, to turn over.

\Fan-°tsen-le/, 翻轉來, to turn over.

\Faung/, 方, square.

\Faung/, 方, one hundred square feet.

\Faung-tshak/, 方尺, a square foot.

\Faung°/, 放, to place, let go.

\Faung°-‘auh/, 放學, to dismiss school.

\Fi/, 飛, to fly.

\Fi-theh/, 廢脫, to waste.

\Fok/, 幅, classifier for paintings or engravings.

\Fok-chi°/, 福氣, happiness.

\Foo-tshi/, 夫妻, husband and wife.

\°Foo-deu/, 斧頭, an ax.

\Foo°/, 付, to pay.

\Foong/, 封, classifier of letters and sealed parcels.

\Foong/, 風, wind.

\Foong/, 封, to seal officially, to seal, to exalt to a high
position.

\Fung/, 分, a cent.

\Fung/, 分, to separate.

\Fung/, 分, 1⁄10 of an inch, 1⁄10 of a dzien.

\Fung-khe/, 分開, to separate.

\Fung-bih/, 分別, a difference; to distinguish.

\°Fung/, 粉, to plaster.

\°Fung-pih/, 粉壁, to plaster a wall.

\H/

\Han-deu/, 壗頭, place.

\Han°/, 喊, to call.

\°Hau,/ 好, good, very, superlative.

\°Hau-siau°/, 好笑, laughable.

\°Hau-tse/, 好哉, completed action.

\°Hau-tshu°/, 好處, advantage, profit.

\°Hau-°ziang/, 好像, as if, like.

\°Hoo/, 火, fire.

\°Hoo-dzak-tse/, 火着哉, on fire.

\°Hoo-khaung°/, 火炕, a grate.

\°Hoo-loo/, 火爐, a stove.

\°Hoo-lung-tsho/, 火輪車, a railway engine.

\°Hoo-lung-zen/, 火輪船, a steam boat.

\°Hoo-yak/, 火藥, gunpowder.

\Hoo°-suh/, 貨色, merchandize.

\°Hoo-yeu/, 火油, kerosene.

\Hoong/, 烘, to bake.

\Huh/, 黑, black.

\°Hwaung-°tshia/, 况且, moreover.

\Hwe°-ke/, 悔改, to repent.

\°Hwe-paung°/, 毀謗, to slander.

\Hweh-zen/, 忽然, suddenly.

\Hwen-°hyi/, 歡喜, to like, to enjoy.

\Hwo/, 花, a flowering plant.

\Hwo/, 花, cotton, flower.

\Hwo-ji/, 花萁, cotton stalks.

\Hwo-ji-kok/, 花旗國, America.

\Hwo-‘oong/, 花紅, a crab apple.

\Hwo-°ts/, 花子, cotton seed.

\Hwo-°tshau-zu°-mok/, 花草樹木, vegetation in general.

\Hwo-yoen/, 花園, a garden.

\°Hyau-tuh/, 曉得, to know.

\Hyi-ji/, 希奇, to wonder, to be surprised.

\Hyi°-siau°/, 戲笑, to ridicule.

\Hyih/, 歇, to rest.

\Hyih-ih-hyih/, 歇一歇, to wait a little.

\Hyih-khe-le/, 揭開來, to open a box.

\Hyoong/, 凶, fierce.

\Hyoong-°di/, 兄弟, a young brother, brothers.

\°Hyui/, 許, to permit.

\Hyuin/, 燻, to roast (meat).

\I/

\I-deu/, 伊頭, there.

\I-°hau/, 醫好, to heal.

\I-kuh/, 伊個, that, those.

\I-khwe°/, 伊塊, there.

\°I-kyung/, 已經, already.

\I-nyih-°ts/, 伊日子, at that time.

\I°-s°/, 意思, thought, meaning.

\I-sung/, 醫生, a doctor.

\°I-°‘eu/, 以後, afterwards, hereafter.

\°I-ts°/, 以致, so that.

\°I-tuh-koo°/, 以得過, permissible and proper, leading to no
embarrassment.

\I°-’veh-koo°/, 意勿過, unpermission, because very embarrassing.

\I-yoen/, 醫院, hospital.

\I-zaung/, 衣裳, a garment.

\Iak-kwe/, 約親, about.

\Iak-tsak/, 約着, about.

\Iau°/, 要, to want, to wish, will.

\Iau°-°kyung-kuh/, 要緊個, it is important.

\Ien/, 烟, tobacco.

\Ien-me/, 烟煤, soft coal.

\Ien-tshoong/, 烟囱, a chimney.

\°Ien-seu/, 演手, to make motions.

\Ien°-°ts/, 燕子, a swallow.

\Ih/, 一, a, one.

\Ih-dau/, 一淘, together, with.

\Ih-ding°-iau°/, 一定要, must.

\Ih-fung/, 一分, one cent.

\Ih-kauh/, 一角, ten cents.

\Ih-ngan-’veh/, 一顏勿, not at all.

\Ih-pak/, 一百, one hundred.

\Ih-sang-ih-s°/, 一生一世, all one’s life.

\Ih-thaung/, 一[C3], one time.

\Ih-we/, 一回, one time.

\Iuh-tshu°/, 益處, advantage, profit.

\Iui°-°ts/, 椅子, a chair.

\Iung/, 鷹, a hawk.

\Iung-°hyui/, 應許, a promise.

\Iung-ke/, 應該, ought.

\Inng-kok/, 英國, England.

\Iung-we°/, 因爲, because.

\J/

\Jang/, 強, cheap.

\Jang-dau°/, 強盜, a robber.

\Jau/, 橋, a bridge.

\Jau°-foo/, 轎夫, a sedan chair coolie.

\Jau°-don/, 轎班, a sedan chair coolie.

\Jau°-°ts/, 轎子, a sedan chair.

\Jeu/, 求, to pray.

\Jeu°/, 舊, old.

\Jeu°-nyien/, 舊年, the last year.

\Ji/, 旗, a flag.

\Jien/, 掮, carry on the shoulder.

\Jien°/, 件, classifier of garments, baggage and affairs, an affair.

\Juh/, 極, forms superlative degree.

\°Jui/, 跽, to kneel.

\°Jung/, 近, near.

\°Jung/, 近, recently.

\°Jung-z°-°ngan/, 近視眼, near-sighted.

\K/

\Ka/, 街, a street.

\Ka/, 加, to add.

\Ka-°hoo/, 傢伙, furniture.

\Ka-sang/, 傢生, tools, implements.

\Ka-°thien/, 加添, to add.

\°Ka/, 假, false.

\°Ka-seh/, 解說, to explain.

\Ka°/, 鋸, to saw.

\Ka°-dien/, 價錢, price.

\Kah-pih/, 隔壁, next (juxtaposition).

\Kan/, 間, a room.

\Kan-nyih-we°/, 間日會, will see you in a day or two.

\Kau/, 高, high.

\Kau-°ti/, 高底, height.

\Kau°/, 教, to teach.

\Kau°-hwo-°ts/, 教花子, a beggar.

\Kau°-soo°/, 告訴, to tell, to narrate.

\Kau°-z°/, 告示, a proclamation.

\Kauh/, 角, a ten cent piece.

\Kauh/, 各, every.

\Kauh-tau°-lauh-°tshu/, 各到落處, everywhere.

\Kauh-°tshu/, 各處, everywhere.

\Kaung/, 扛, to carry (two men with bamboo pole).

\°Kaung/, 講, to expound, to explain.

\°Kaung-ding°/, 講定, to settle the price.

\°Kaung-su/, 講書, to preach.

\Ke°-ts/, 鋸子, a saw.

\Keh-°lau/, 蓋老, therefore.

\Keh-ts/, 鴿子, a pigeon.

\°Keu/, 狗, a dog.

\Keu°-°z/, 彀是, sufficient, enough.

\Keu-°z-tse/, 彀是哉, sufficient.

\Kha/, 揩, to wipe.

\Kha-mien°-de-°ts/, 揩面檯子, a washstand.

\°Kha-weh/, 快活, happy.

\Kha-chi°/, 客氣, politeness.

\Khak-daung-kan/, 客堂間, a guest room.

\Khak-nyung/, 客人, a guest, a visitor.

\Khan/, 鉛, lead.

\Khan khan/, 纔纔, just now, a little while ago.

\Khan-pih/, 鉛筆, a lead pencil.

\Khau/, 敲, to knock, strike.

\°Khau-°i/, 可以, can, may.

\°Khau-su/, 考書, to examine a class.

\Khau°/, 靠, to rely upon, to trust.

\Khau°-thauh/, 靠託, to rely upon, to trust.

\Khaung°/, 囥, to hide a thing.

\Khaung°-°loong/, 囥攏, to hide a thing.

\Khe/, 開, to open, open, opens.

\Khe-‘auh/, 開學, to open school.

\Khe-dzang/, 開塲, a beginning.

\Khe-koong/, 開工, to commence work.

\Khe-le/, 開來, to open wide.

\Khe nyien/, 開年, next year.

\Khe-°s/, 開水, boiling water.

\Kheh-deu/, 磕頭, to kowtow.

\°Kheu/, 口, classifier of furniture.

\°Kheu/, 口, a mouth.

\Khoen°/, 看, to see.

\Khoen°-°hau/, 看好, to heal.

\Khoen°-kyien°/, 看見, seen.

\Khok/, 哭, to cry.

\Khoo/, 棵, classifier of plants, trees, and flowers.

\°Khoo/, 苦, bitter.

\°Khoo-°nau/, 苦腦, misery.

\Khoo°-°ts/, 褲子, trousers.

\Khoong-pho°/, 恐怕, perhaps.

\°Khung/, 肯, to be willing.

\Koeh/, 割, to cut (with a sharp knife).

\Koeh-°doen/, 割斷, to cut in two.

\Koen/, 乾, dry.

\Koen-mien°/, 乾麵, flour.

\Koen-po-nyung/, 干巴人, a man or two.

\Koen-zing°/, 乾淨, clean.

\°Koen/, 趕, to drive away.

\°Koen-theh/, 趕脫, to drive away.

\Koo/, 鼓, a drum.

\°Koo-z-kan/, 古時間, antiquity, anciently.

\Koo°/, 過, to pass over.

\Koo°-i/, 故意, purposely.

\Koo°-nyien/, 過年, to pass from the old to the new year.

\Koo°-nyih-°ts/, 過日子, some past time.

\Koo°-s°/, 過世, to die.

\Koo°-tse/, 過哉, forms past tense.

\Koong-dien/, 工錢, wages.

\Koong-foo/, 功夫, time, work.

\Koong-°hyi/, 恭喜, to congratulate.

\Koong-laung/, 公郎, a son.

\Koong-°tang/, 攻打, to attack an enemy.

\Koong-°tsoong/, 共總, all.

\Kuh/, 个, or 個, of; sign of the genitive; a general classifier;
a final particle.

\Kung/, 跟, to follow.

\Kung/, 根, a classifier denoting objects long and generally stiff.

\Kung°-ka/, 更加, still more.

\Kwan/, 關, to shut, shut.

\Kwaung/, 光, smooth, bright.

\Kwe-°kyui/, 規矩, custom, propriety.

\°Kwen/, 管, a classifier of tubular things.

\Kwen/, 官, a mandarin, a magistrate.

\Kwen-°foo/, 官府, a mandarin, a magistrate.

\Kwen-wo°/, 官話, mandarin dialect.

\Kwen-ze/, 棺材, a coffin.

\Khwa°/, 快, fast, sharp.

\Khwa°-khwa°/, 快快, quickly.

\Khwa°-tse/, 快哉, about to do a thing.

\Khwan/, 筷, chop-sticks.

\Khwe°/, 塊, a piece, a slice.

\Khweh/, 闊, broad.

\Khweh-‘ah/, 闊狹, breadth.

\Khwen-°‘eu/, 寬厚, to forgive.

\Khwen-yoong/, 寬容, to forgive.

\°Khwung/, 梱, a classifier denoting bundles of things.

\Khwung°/, 睏, to sleep.

\°Kwung/, 滾, to boil.

\°Kwung/, 滾, to roll.

\°Kwung-‘au°-chi°/, 滾下去, to roll.

\Kya-dz/, 家慈, a mother.

\Kya-°moo/, 家母, mother.

\Kya-nyien/, 家嚴, father.

\Kya-°voo/, 家父, father.

\Kyak/, 脚, a foot.

\Kyak-tsih-deu/, 脚指頭, a toe.

\Kyau-kwan/, 交關, a great many.

\Kyau°/, 叫, to call.

\°Kyeu/, 九, nine.

\°Kyeu-seh/, 九十, ninety.

\Kyeu°/, 救, to save.

\Kyi/, 鷄, a fowl.

\Kyi-dan°-kau/, 鷄蛋糕, a sponge cake.

\°Kyi/, 幾, how many?

\°Kyi-hau°/, 幾化, how many

\°Kyi -‘oo/, 幾乎, on the point of.

\°Kyi-z/, 幾時, when?

\Kyi°/, 記, remember.

\Kyi°/, 寄, to send a letter.

\Kyi°/, 季, season.

\Kyi°-‘au°/, 記號, signs or marks.

\Kyi°-tuh/, 記得, to remember.

\Kyi°-zen-zeh-ke/, 既然實該, if that be so.

\Kyoeh-°ts/, 橘子an orange.

\Kyui°/, 貴, dear (in price).

\Kyui° seh-wo°/, 句說話, a sentence.

\Kyung/, 斤, a catty.

\Kyung-loo/, 金鑼, a gong.

\Kyung-nyien/, 今年, this year.

\Kyung-°seu/, 經手, to manage.

\Kyung-°ts/, 金子, gold.

\Kyung-tsau/, 今朝, to-day.

\Kyung°-°ts/, 鏡子, a mirror.

\L/

\La°/, 拉, at, in, on, to, sign of past tense.

\Lah-tsok/, 蠟燭, a candle.

\Lan/, 籃, a basket.

\Lan/, 藍, blue.

\°Lan-°doo/, 懶惰, a lazy.

\°Lan-phok/, 懶怕, lazy.

\°Lang/, 冷, cold.

\°Lang-nyih/, 冷熱, temperature.

\°Lang-siau°/, 冷笑, to ridicule.

\Lau/, 牢, firm.

\°Lau-zeh/, 老實, honest.

\°Lau/, 佬, and.

\°Lau/, 老, old, venerable.

\°Lau-au/, 老鴉, a crow.

\°Lau-dzoong/, 老蟲, a rat.

\°Lau-°hoo/, 老虎, a tiger.

\°Lau-iung/, 老鷹, a hawk.

\°Lau-nyung-ka/, 老人家, a father.

\°Lau-°ts/, 老鼠, a rat.

\Lauh/, 落, to fall.

\Lauh-°s/, 落水, tide going out.

\Lauh-°yui/, 落雨, to rain.

\Laung-deu/, 榔頭, a hammer.

\Laung-tsoong/, 郞中, doctor.

\Laung°/, 上, above, upon (used after a noun).

\Le/, 來, to come.

\Le-chi°/, 來去, going back and forth.

\Le-nyien/, 來年, next year.

\Le-°si/, 來死, used in forming the superlative.

\Le-tuh-ji°/, 來得及, there is time.

\Le-’veh-ji°/, 來勿及, there is not time.

\Le-°’waung/, 來往, intercourse.

\Leh-la°/, 垃拉, there, in, on, sign of past tense.

\Leh-°li/, 垃裏, here, sign of present tense.

\Leu/, 樓, a two-storied house.

\Leu-vaung/, 樓房, a two-storied house.

\Leu/, 漏, to leak.

\Li/, 釐, a li (in currency).

\Li-khe/, 離開, to forsake, desert, depart from.

\°Li/, 里, a Chinese mile.

\°Li/, 裏, in (used after noun).

\°Li-hyang°/, 裏向, in (used after noun).

\°Li-loo°/, 里路, a Chinese mile.

\°Li-pa°/, 禮拜, a week.

\°Li-pa°-daung/, 禮拜堂, a church.

\°Li-pa°-ih/, 禮拜一, Monday.

\°Li-pa°-lok/, 禮拜六, Saturday.

\°Li-pa°-°ng/, 禮拜五, Friday.

\°Li-pa°-nyi°/, 禮拜二, Tuesday.

\°Li-pa°-nyih/, 禮拜日, Sunday.

\°Li-pa°-s°/, 禮拜四, Thursday.

\°Li-pa°-san/, 禮拜三, Wednesday.

\Liang/, 量, to measure.

\°Liang/, 兩, two.

\°Liang/, 兩, an ounce.

\°Liang-kauh/, 兩角, twenty cents.

\°Liang-thaung/, 兩[C3], two times, twice.

\°Liang-we/, 兩回, two times, twice.

\Liang°/, 亮, light (opposite of dark).

\lih/, 立, to stand up.

\Lih-ding°/, 立定, to stand still.

\Lih-ding°-°tsu-i°/, 立定主意, to decide.

\Lih-khuh/, 立刻, instantaneous.

\Ling/, 拎, to carry a load in one hand.

\Ling/, 紉, to sew, to stitch.

\Ling-ih-tsung/, 紉一針, to take a stitch.

\Ling-sak/, 淋濕, to get wet.

\Ling-°so/, 鄰舍, a neighbor.

\°Ling/, 領, to lead.

\Ling°-daung/, 令堂, a mother.

\Ling°-e°/, 令嬡, a daughter.

\Ling°-laung/, 令郞, a son.

\Ling-nga°/, 另外, besides, in addition.

\Ling°-tsung/, 令尊, a father.

\Lok/, 六, six.

\Lok/, 䟿, to get up.

\Lok/, 綠, green.

\Lok/, 鹿, a deer.

\Lok-seh/, 六十, sixty.

\Lok-tsen/, 䃙磚, a brick.

\Loo°/, 路, a road.

\Loong/, 龍, a dragon.

\°Loong-°tsoong/, 攏總, all.

\Loong°/, 弄, to attend to a thing, to make it right.

\Loong°-°hau/, 弄好, to attend to a thing, to make it right.

\Loong°-khe-°hoo-lo/, 弄開火來, to set a house on fire.

\M/

\M-meh/, 無沒, not any.

\M-sa°/, 無啥, not any.

\M-sa°-nyung/, 無啥人, no one.

\°M/, 畝, a mow.

\°Ma/, 買, to buy.

\°Ma-ban°/, 買辦, a compradore.

\°Ma-ma°/, 買賣, business.

\Ma°/, 賣, to sell.

\°’Ma-theh/, 賣脫, to sell.

\Mah/, 襪, socks, stockings.

\Mak/, 麥, a plant of wheat.

\Man°/, 慢, slow.

\Man°/, 萬, ten thousand.

\Man°-chi°/, 慢去, good-by.

\Man°-man°-nung/, 慢慢能, slowly, gently.

\Man°-man°-ts-°tseu/, 慢慢之走, walk slowly.

\’Man/, 蠻, very.

\Mau/, 毛, nearly.

\Mau/, 毛, rough.

\Mau/, 貓, a cat.

\Mau-bing°/, 毛病, illness.

\Mau-san-°li-loo°/, 毛三里路, nearly three miles.

\Mau-tsen/, 毛氈, a carpet.

\Mau°-°ts/, 帽子, a hat, cap.

\Maung°/, 望, to desire, to expect.

\Maung°/, 望, to visit, to pay respects to.

\Maung°-deu/, 望頭, hope.

\Maung°-kyi°/, 忘記, to forget.

\Me/, 煤, coal.

\°’Me/, 每, each.

\°Me-kok/, 美國, America.

\°’Me-nyien/, 每年, every year.

\°’Me-nyoeh/, 每月, every month.

\Me°-me°/, 妹妹, a younger sister.

\Meh/, 末, at last, end, interrogative particle, a negative, a
conditional particle.

\Meh-z°/, 物事, an affair (concrete), a thing.

\Men-deu/, 饅頭, bread.

\°Mi/, 米, rice (bought in shop).

\Miau°/, 廟, a temple.

\Mien-hwo/, 棉花, cotton.

\Mien°/, 面, classifier of flat objects.

\Mien° bung/, 面盆, a washbowl.

\Mien°-°khoong/, 面孔, a face.

\Ming-bak/, 明白, to understand.

\Ming-nyien/, 明年, next year.

\Ming-tsau/, 明朝, to-morrow.

\Ming-vung°/, 名分, duty.

\Mo-tshiak/, 麻雀, a sparrow.

\Mo-tsiang/, 麻[C2], a sparrow.

\°Mo/, 馬, a horse.

\°Mo-deu/, 碼頭, a jetty.

\°Mo-foo/, 馬夫, a coachman.

\°Mo-tsho/, 馬車, a carriage.

\Mok/, 摸, to feel, to touch.

\Mok-deu/, 木頭, wood, lumber.

\Mok-ziang/, 木匠, a carpenter.

\Moo/, 磨, to sharpen.

\°Moo-tshing/, 母親, a mother.

\Muh/, 墨, ink.

\Muh-°s/, 墨水, foreign ink.

\Mung/, 門, a door.

\Mung-°kheu/, 門口, doorway.

\Mung-°kheu-deau/, 門口頭, a doorway.

\Mung-°ts/, 蚊子, a mosquito.

\Mung°/, 問, to ask.

\N/

\°Na-nung/, 那能, how.

\°Na-yeu/, 奶油, butter.

\Na°/, 㑚, you, ye.

\Na°-kuh/, 㑚個, your, yours.

\Nan/, 難, difficult.

\Nan-meh/, 難末, then.

\Nan-we-dzing/, 難爲情, to regret, to be placed in an embarrassing
position.

\Nau/, 拿, to take.

\Nau-ehi°/, 拿去, to take away.

\Nau-le/, 拿來, to bring here.

\Nau-theh/, 拿脫, to take off.

\Nen/, 南, south.

\Nen/, 男, male.

\°Ng/, 五, five.

\°Ng-ngan-lok-suh/, 五顔六色, variegated colours.

\°Ng-seh/, 五十, fifty.

\Nga°/, 外, out.

\Nga°-deu/, 外頭, out, outside.

\Nga°-kok/, 外國, foreign.

\Nga°-kok-nyung/, 外國人, a foreigner.

\Ngan-suh/, 顏色, colour.

\°Ngan-kyung°/, 眼鏡, spectacles.

\°Ngan-tsing/, 眼晴, an eye.

\Ngang°/, 硬, hard.

\°Ngau/, 咬, to bite, to bark.

\Nge°-sa°-va°/, 碍啥否, is it important?

\Ngeh-°ts/, 杌子, a stool.

\°Ngeu-zen/, 偶然, by chance.

\Ngoo/, 鵝, a goose.

\Ngoo-kok/, 俄國, Russia.

\Ngoo-kok-nyung/, 俄國人, Russians.

\°Ngoo/, 我, I, me.

\°Ngoo-han-deu/, 我壗頭, my place.

\°Ngoo-kuh/, 我個, mine, my.

\°Ngoo-nyi°/, 我伲, we, us.

\°Ngoo-nyi°-kuh/, 我伲個, ours, our.

\°Noen/, 暖, warm.

\Noen°/, 囡, daughter.

\Noong°/, 儂, thou, thee, you.

\Noong°-kuh/, 儂個, they, thine, yours.

\Nung-keu°/, 能彀, can, may.

\Nung-koen°/, 能幹, ability, power.

\Nyah/, 捻, to take bold of, to grasp.

\Nyan°/, 念 or 廿, twenty.

\Nyan°-kyung/, 念經, perform funeral ceremonies.

\Nyang/, 娘, mother.

\Nyang°/, 讓, to allow.

\Nyau-so°/, 饒赦, to forgive.

\Nyeu/, 牛, a cow.

\Nyeu-°na/, 牛奶, milk.

\°Nyeu-°ts/, 鈕子, a button.

\Nyi/, 呢, interrogative particle.

\°Nyi-kwaung/, 耳光, face (cheek).

\Nyi-koo/, 尼姑, nun.

\Nyi-°s-ziang°/, 泥水匠, a mason.

\Nyi-°ts/, 兒子, a son.

\°Nyi-°too/, 耳朵, the ear.

\Nyi°/, 伲, we, us.

\Nyi°/, 二, two.

\Nyi°-kuh/, 伲個, ours, our.

\Nyi° seh/, 二十, twenty.

\Nyien/, 年, a year.

\Nyien-deu-laung°/, 年頭上, the beginning of the year.

\Nyien-nyien/, 年年, every year.

\Nyien-°ti/, 年底, the end of the year.

\Nyien-tshoo-ih/, 年初一, New Year’s day.

\Nyien-ya°/, 年夜, the end of the year.

\Nyien°-de/, 硯台, a Chinese ink tablet.

\Nyien°-°ts/, 硯子, a Chinese ink tablet.

\Nyih/, 日, a day, the sun.

\Nyih/, 熱, hot.

\Nyih-dzok/, 日昨, daily.

\Nyih-nyih/, 日日, daily.

\Nyih-tsoong°/, 日中, noon, in the middle of the day.

\Nyoeh/, 月, a month, a moon.

\Nyoeh-deu/, 月頭, first part of a month.

\Nyoeh-deu-laung°/, 月頭上, first part of a month.

\Nyoeh-liang°/, 月亮, the moon.

\Nyoeh-nyoeh/, 月月, every month.

\Nyoeh-pen°/, 月半, the middle of the month.

\Nyoeh-°ti/, 月底, the end of a month.

\°Nyoen/, 軟, soft.

\Nyoen-liang°/, 原諒, to forgive.

\Nyok/, 肉, meat.

\°Nyui-nyung/, 女人, a woman.

\Nyung/, 人, man.

\Nyung-’aung/, 銀行, a bank.

\Nyung-deu/, 人頭, a postage stamp.

\Nyung°-tsih/, 迎接, to welcome.

\Nyung-°ts/, 銀子, silver.

\Nyung°-tuh/, 認得, to know a person.

\O/

\Oen-we°/, 安慰, to comfort.

\Ok-°li/, 屋裏, home.

\‘Ok-tse/, 或着, either, or.

\‘Ok-°z/, 或是, either, or.

\‘Oh-hwaung/, 何况, how much more?

\‘Oo-zaung°/, 和尙, a Buddhist priest.

\‘Oo/, 壺, a kettle.

\‘Oo/, 河, river.

\‘Oo-dih/, 蝴蝶, a butterfly.

\‘Oo-li/, 狐狸, a fox.

\‘Oong/, 紅, red.

\P/

\Pa/, 擺, to place.

\Pa°/, 拜, to worship.

\Pa°-khak/, 拜客, to pay a ceremonial visit.

\Pa°-maung°/, 拜望, to visit, to pay respects to.

\Pah/, 八, eight.

\Pah-seh/, 八十, eighty.

\Pak/, 百, a hundred.

\Pak-pak/, 伯伯, father.

\Pak-po/, 百巴, about a hundred.

\Pan/, 班, a class (in school).

\°Pan/, 板, a board.

\Pang/, 浜, a canal, a creek.

\Pau/, 包, a bale, classifier of bales of things.

\°Pau-pe°/, 寶貝, precious.

\°Paung/, 綁, to tie up, to bind with a cord.

\Pe-°ts/, 杯子, a cup.

\Pe°/, 背, to carry on the back.

\Pe°/, 背, to back a book, to recite a lesson.

\Peh/, 撥, to give.

\Peh/, 撥, used to form passive.

\Pen/, 搬, to remove (a residence).

\Pen-dzang/, 搬塲, to remove (a residence).

\Pen°/, 半, half.

\Pan°-kwhe°-yang-dien/, 半塊洋錢, a half of a dollar.

\Pen°-nyien/, 半年, half a year.

\Pen°-ya°-po/, 半夜巴, about midnight.

\Phau°/, 炮, a cannon.

\Phau°-de/, 炮台, a fort, a battery.

\Phi-bing/, 批評, to criticize, criticism.

\Phi-thah/, 批搨, to criticize, criticism.

\Phih/, 劈, to split.

\Phih/, 疋, a classifier of whole pieces of dry goods.

\Phih/, 匹, classifier of horses.

\Pho°/, 怕, ugly.

\Phoo°-ke/, 鋪蓋, bedding.

\°Phoo-thien-‘au°/, 普天下, universal.

\°Pi/, 比, to compare.

\°Pi-faung/, 比方, for instance, an illustration.

\°Pi-ts/, 比之 it to compare.

\°Piau/, 錶, a watch.

\Pien-deu/, 邊頭, by the side of.

\Pih/, 筆, a pen.

\Pih/, 必, certain.

\Pih-ding-iau°/, 必定要, must.

\Pih-koo°/, 不過, only.

\Ping-ting/, 兵丁, a soldier.

\°Ping-°tshia/, 幷且, moreover.

\Po-maung°/, 把望, to desire, to expect, to hope.

\Po/, 巴, about.

\°Po/, 把, classifier of tools and articles grasped in the hand.

\Pok/, 北, north.

\Pok-pien/, 北邊, north.

\Poo-li/, 玻璃, glass.

\Poo-li-pe-°ts/, 玻璃杯子, a tumbler, a glass.

\Poo°/, 布, cloth.

\°Pung/, 本, classifier of books.

\°Pung-di°/, 本地, native.

\°Pung-di°-nyung/, 本地人, a native.

\°Pung-le/, 本來, originally.

\R/

\R-°tshia/, 而且, moreover.

\S/

\°S/, 水, water.

\°S-nyeu/, 水牛, a water buffalo.

\S°/, 使, to cause.

\S°/, 四, four.

\S°-kyi°/, 四季, the four seasons.

\S°-seh/, 四十, forty.

\Sa-doo/, 弛瘏, tired.

\Sa/, 啥, who? what? any? interrogative particle.

\Sa°-‘aung-dzing/, 啥行情, how much is it? what is the price?

\Sa°-di°-faung/, 啥地方, where?

\Sa°-dzang-hau°/, 啥場化, where?

\Sa°-ka°-dien/, 啥價錢, how much is it?

\Sa°-nyung/, 啥人, who?

\°Sa-°‘oo-daung/, 啥戶蕩, where?

\Sah/, 殺, to kill.

\Sah-theh/, 殺脫, to kill.

\Sak/, 閂, the bolt or bar of a door.

\Sak/, 濕, wet.

\San/, 三, three.

\San/, 山, a mountain, a hill.

\San-dzung-leu/, 三層樓, a three-storied house.

\San-seh/, 三十, thirty.

\San-yang/, 山羊, a goat.

\San°/, 傘, an umbrella.

\San°-khe/, 散開, to scatter wide cast.

\San°-sing/, 散心, to relax the mind.

\Sang/, 生, to light (a fire), to beget.

\Sang/, 生, unripe, raw.

\Sang-bing°/, 生病, to become ill.

\Sang-i°/, 生意, business.

\Sang-li/, 生梨, a pear.

\Sang°-yang/, 生養, to beget, to nourish.

\°Sang/, 省, to save, to be economical.

\°Sang-koong-foo/, 省工夫, to save time.

\°Sang-ts/, 省之, lest.

\Sau/, 燒, to burn, to cook.

\Sau-van°-kan/, 燒飯間, a kitchen.

\Sau-van°-kuh/, 燒飯個, a cook.

\°Sau/, 少, few.

\°Sau-°tseu/, 掃箒, a broom.

\Saung/, 雙, classifier for pairs of things.

\Saung/, 傷, to waste, to be exhausted.

\Saung-liang/, 商量, to consult.

\Se°/, 碎, to smash.

\Seh/, 失, to lose, to forfeit.

\Seh/, 刷, to brush.

\Seh-theh/, 失脫, to lose, to forfeit.

\Seh-wo°/, 說話, words.

\Sen/, 閂, to bar or bolt a door.

\Sen°/, 扇, classifier for broad objects.

\Sen°-°ts/, 扇子, a fan.

\Seu/, 收, to collect.

\Seu-diau/, 收條, a receipt.

\Seu-kan/, 收監, to be imprisoned.

\Seu-phiau°/, 收票, a receipt.

\Seu-tsang°/, 收帳, to collect accounts.

\Sen-tsoo/, 收租, to receive payment for a lease.

\°Seu/, 守, to keep, to observe.

\°Seu/, 手, a hand.

\°Seu-kyung/, 手巾, a towel.

\Seu°/, 瘦, thin, lean.

\Si/, 西, west.

\Si-nen/, 西南, southwest.

\Si-pien/, 西邊, west.

\Si-pok/, 西北, northwest.

\°Si/, 死, to die.

\Si-theh/, 死脫, to die.

\Si°-tse°/, 西崽, a table boy.

\°Sia/, 寫, to write.

\°Sia-z°-de/, 寫字檯, an office desk.

\°Sia-z°-de-°ts/, 寫字檯子, an office desk.

\°Sia-z°-kan/, 寫字間, an office.

\Siang/, 箱, classifier for boxes of things.

\Siang-e°/, 相愛, to love reciprocally.

\Siang-lien/, 相連, to be connected together.

\Siang-mo°/, 想駡, to quarrel.

\Siang-paung/, 相幫, to help one another.

\Siang-sing°/, 相信, to believe.

\Siang-°tang/, 相打, to fight one another.

\Siang-°ts/, 箱子, a trunk, a large box.

\°Siang/, 想, to think.

\°Siang-’veh-tau°/, 想勿到, inconceivable.

\°Siau/, 小, small.

\°Siau-kauh-°ts/, 小角子, small money.

\°Siau-noen/, 小囝, a child.

\°Siau-sing/, 小心, to take care.

\°Siau-tsho/, 小車, wheelbarrow.

\°Siau-tshe°/, 小菜, vegetables, dishes of food on table.

\°Siau-tsia/, 小姐, an unmarried woman.

\°Siau-yang-dien/, 小洋錢, small money.

\Siau°/, 笑, to laugh.

\Siau°-sah-tse/, 笑殺哉, very laughable.

\Sien/, 先, first.

\Sien-sang/, 先生, a teacher.

\Sieu/, 修, to repair.

\Sieu-°li/, 修理, repairs.

\Sieu-tsauh/, 修作, to repair.

\Sih/, 錫, tin.

\Sing/, 新, new.

\Sing/, 心, the heart.

\Sing/, 星, a star.

\Sing-foong°/, 薪俸, salary.

\Sing-nyien/, 新年, the new year.

\Sing-sien/, 新鮮, fresh.

\Sing-°soe/, 薪水, salary.

\Sing-vung-°ts/, 新聞紙, a newspaper.

\Sing°/, 信, a letter.

\Sing°-°foong/, 信封, an envelope.

\Sing°-jok/, 信局 post office (foreign).

\Sing°-khauh/, 信殼, an envelope.

\Sing°-ming°/, 性命, a life.

\Sing°-sih/, 信息, news.

\°So-°ng/, 十五, fifteen.

\Soe-°z/, 雖是, although.

\Soe-zen/, 雖然, although.

\Soen°/, 算, to reckon.

\Sok-sieu/, 束修, salary.

\Soo-tseu/, 蘇州, Soochow.

\°Soo/, 鑕, a lock.

\°Soo/, 所, relative pronoun—who, which, what.

\°Soo/, 鎖, to lock.

\°Soo/, 數, to count.

\°Soo-°i/, 所以, therefore.

\Soong-°su/, 松鼠, a squirrel.

\Soong°/, 送, to present, send, to escort a person on the way.

\Su/, 書, a book.

\Su-dzu/, 書厨, a bookcase.

\Su-sing°-°kwen/, 書信管, post office (foreign).

\Su-°tsang/, 輸張, to nurse.

\Su-vaung/, 書房, a study.

\Su-yoen°/, 書院, a college.

\Suh/, 識, to know a Chinese character.

\Suh-i°/, 適意, comfortable.

\Sung/, 深, deep.

\Sung-°thi/, 身體, the body.

\Sung-°tshien/, 深淺, depth.

\T/

\Ta-z-tse/, 多時哉, a long time.

\Ta°/, 戴, to wear (a hat).

\Ta°-chi°/, 帶去, to take away with you.

\Ta°-le/, 帶來, to bring with you.

\Tah/, 搭, with.

\Tah-ts/, 搭之, and.

\Tan/, 擔, to take.

\Tan-°bi/, 單被, a sheet.

\Tan-chi°/, 擔去, to take away.

\Tan-le/, 擔來, to bring here.

\Tan-theh/, 擔脫, to take away.

\Tan°/, 擔, a picul.

\°Tang/, 打, to strike.

\°Tang-ba°/, 打敗, to suffer a defeat.

\°Tang-ba°-tsang°/, 打敗仗, to suffer a defeat.

\°Tang-°bang/, 打棚, to fool with another.

\°Tang-fan/, 打翻, to upset (water).

\°Tang-kwen-s/, 打官司, to prosecute at law.

\°Tang-lah/, 打𦡳, to hunt.

\°Tang-lih/, 打獵, to hunt.

\°Tang-pan°/, 打扮, to dress in a showy manner.

\°Tang-sah/, 打殺, to kill by a blow.

\°Tang-saung/, 打傷, to wound.

\°Tang-se°/, 打碎, to smash, to break.

\°Tang-soen°/, 打算, to consider.

\°Tang-su/, 打輸, to suffer a defeat.

\°Tang-sung°-tsang°/, 打勝仗, to gain a victory.

\°Tang-thing/, 打聽, to make inquiries.

\°Tang-tsang°/, 打仗, to fight a battle.

\°Tang-wa°/, 打壞, to injure by striking.

\°Tang-yung/, 打臝, to gain a victory.

\Tau/, 刀, knife.

\°Tau/, 倒, on the contrary, on the other hand.

\Tau°/, 到, to, to arrive.

\°Tau-kau°/, 禱告, to offer prayer.

\Taung-tsoong/, 當中, among.

\Taung-sing/, 當心, to take care.

\Taung°/, 當, to pawn.

\Taung°-theh/, 當脫, to pawn.

\Te/, 堆, classifier for piles of things.

\Te°/, 對, classifier of a brace, a pair.

\Te°/, 對, to.

\Teu°-ba/, 鬭牌, to gamble (with dominoes).

\Thah/, 塔, a pagoda.

\Thah-°ping/, 𩝣餅, a biscuit.

\Than-khe-le/, 攤開來, to unroll.

\Than-°tshoong/, 坍寵, shameful.

\Than°/, 炭, charcoal.

\°Thau/, 討, to beg.

\°Thau-nyang-°ts/, 討娘子, to marry a wife.

\°Thau-vah°-kun/, 討飯個, a beggar.

\Thauh/, 託, to rely upon, to entrust.

\Thaung/, 湯, soup.

\°Thaung-s°/, 倘使, if.

\°Thaung-zen/, 倘然, if.

\Thaung°/, 燙, to iron, to burn, to scald.

\The°/, 退, to reject.

\The°-theh/, 退脫, to reject.

\Theh/, 脫, after verb a sign of completed action.

\Theu/, 偷, to steal.

\Theu-ben°-ts/, 偷伴之, secretly.

\Thi°/, 替, instead of.

\Thiau/, 挑, to carry (a load suspended from ends of a pole).

\Thiau°/, 跳, to jump, to leap.

\Thien/, 天, heaven, a day.

\Thien-bing/, 天平, scales.

\Thien-liang°-khwa°/, 天亮快, just before daybreak.

\Thien-°tsu/, 天主, The Heavenly Lord.

\Thih/, 鐵, iron.

\Thih-tsau°/, 鐵竈, a cooking stove (foreign).

\Thih-°tsung/, 貼准, on the point of (doing a thing).

\Thing/, 聼, to hear.

\Thing-kyien°/, 聽見, heard.

\Thoeh/, 脫, to take off.

\Thoeh-theh/, 脫脫, to take off.

\Thok/, 秃, all.

\Thoo°-°ts/, 兔子, a hare.

\Thoong°/, 痛, pain.

\Thuh/, 忒, for (for a person).

\Thuh/, 忒, too (excess).

\°Ti/, 底, low.

\°Ti-°‘au/, 底下, under, beneath.

\Tia-tia/, 爹爹, father.

\°Tiau/, 窵, a bird.

\°Tien/, 點, to point with the hand.

\°Tien/, 點, a small quantity of (after verb).

\°Tien/, 點, to light (a candle).

\°Tien/, 點, sign of comparative degree.

\°Tien-tsoong/, 點鐘, an hour.

\Tien°/, 店, a shop.

\Tih/, 跌, to fall.

\Ting/, 叮, to sting.

\°Ting/, 頂, sign of superlative degree.

\°Toen/, 短, short.

\Too/, 多, many, much.

\Too-hau°/, 多化, many, much.

\Too-°sau/, 多少, quantity.

\Too-°taung-sing/, 多當心, take much care.

\°Too/, 賭, to gamble.

\Toong/, 東, east.

\Toong/, 冬, winter.

\Toong-ka/, 東家, master.

\Toong-nen/, 東南, southeast.

\Toong-pien/, 東邊, east.

\Toong-pok/, 東北, northeast.

\Toong-yang-nyung/, 東洋人, Japanese.

\Toong-yang-tsho/, 東洋車, a ricksha.

\°Toong/, 懂, to understand.

\Ts-loo/, 猪獹, a pig, a hog.

\Ts-°na/, 支那, China.

\°Ts/, 紙, a sheet of paper.

\°Ts-deu/, 紙頭, a sheet of paper.

\°Ts-si°/, 仔細, carefully.

\°Ts-°tien/, 指點, to point (with the hand).

\Tsah/, 扎, to tie (as a small bundle).

\Tsak/, 着, to wear.

\Tsak/, 隻, classifier of animals, birds, bugs, boats, furniture on
legs, etc.

\Tsan/, 斬, to cut (with sword, ax, or heavy knife).

\Tsang/, 張, classifier for sheets of things.

\Tsang/, 賬, an account.

\Tsang°/, 漲, to rise (as the tide).

\Tsang°-°boo/, 賬簿, an account book.

\Tsang°-°s/, 漲水, a rising tide.

\Tsang°-°vaung-kan/, 賬房間, shroff’s room.

\°Tsau/, 早, early.

\°Tsau-deu/, 找頭, change.

\°Tsau-zung-deu/, 早晨頭, early in the morning.

\Tsau°/, 照, according to.

\Tsau°-deu/, 灶頭, a Chinese cooking stove.

\Tsau°-kan/, 灶間, a kitchen.

\Tsau°-°ngoo/, 照我, follow my example.

\Tsau°-°ngoo-khoen°/, 照我看, as it seems to me.

\Tsauh/, 捉, to catch, to seize; to arrest.

\Tsaung/, 樁, piles (as driven in ground).

\Tsaung°/, 壯, fat (person).

\Tse/, 哉, final article denoting completed action.

\Tse°/, 再, again.

\Tse°-we°/, 再會, good-by, an revoir.

\°Tsen-chi°/, 轉去, to return to a place.

\°Tsen-le/, 轉來, to return from a place.

\°Tseu/, 走, to walk.

\Tsh/, 吹 to blow.

\Tsh-°iung/, 吹隱, to blow out, to extinguish.

\Tsh-yaung°/, 吹旺, to blow into a blaze.

\°Tsh-di°/, 此地, here.

\Tsha/, 差, to send (person), to cause.

\°Tsha/, 扯, to hoist (as a sail).

\Tshak°/, 尺, a foot (10 inches).

\Tshau/, 匙, a spoon.

\°Tshau/, 草, grass.

\Tshaung/, 窗, a window.

\°Tshe/, 採, to gather (as fruit).

\Tshe°/, 菜, vegetable.

\Tsheh-chi°/, 出去, to go out.

\Tsheh-ka°/, 出嫁, to marry (a husband).

\Tsheh-kau°-z°/, 出告示, to put forth a proclamation.

\Tsheh-le/, 出來, to come out.

\Tsheh-tien°/, 出店, a coolie.

\Tshen/, 穿, to string (as cash).

\Tshen-°yung-sien°/, 穿引線, to thread a needle.

\Tsheu-deu/, 抽頭, a chest of drawers.

\Tsheu-thi°/, 抽屜, a drawer (of a table).

\Tshi°/, 砌, to build a wall.

\Tshi°-ziang/, 砌牆, to build a wall.

\Tshi°-pih/, 砌壁, to build a partition.

\Tshi°-ka/, 砌街, to mend a path.

\°Tshiang/, 搶, to take by force.

\°Tshiang-doeh/, 搶奪, to take by force.

\Tshien/, 千, a thousand.

\Tshien-kyung/, 千金, a daughter.

\Tshien/, 淺, shallow.

\Tshieu/, 秋, autumn.

\Tshih/, 七, seven.

\Tshih-khe/, 切開, to cut open.

\Tshih-khe-le/, 切開來, to cut open.

\Tshih-seh/, 七十, seventy.

\Tshih-ziang°/, 漆匠, a painter.

\Tshing/, 清, clear.

\Tshing-kyoen°/, 親眷, a relative (family).

\Tshing-°saung/, 清爽, clear, distinct.

\°Tshing/, 請, to invite, please.

\Tsho/, 叉, fork.

\Tsho/, 錯, mistake, not correct.

\Tsho-foo/, 車夫, ricksha coolie.

\Tsho-°ts/, 車子, a wheelbarrow.

\Tsho-’veh-too/, 差勿多, about same, not much difference.

\Tshoo-ih/, 初一, the first day of the month.

\Tshoo-si°/, 粗細, texture.

\Tshoo°-tau/, 銼刀, a file.

\Tshoong-ming/, 聰明, clever, wise.

\Tshui°/, 趣, pretty.

\Tshung/, 春, spring.

\Tshung/, 稱, to weigh.

\Tshung°/, 寸, an inch.

\°Tsi-me/, 姐妹, a younger sister.

\Tsi°/, 左, left.

\Tsi°-°seu/, 左手, left hand.

\Tsia°/, 借, to borrow, to lend.

\Tsiang-iau°/, 將要, about to do a thing.

\Tsien/, 煎, to grill, to broil.

\°Tsien-tau/, 剪刀, scissors.

\°Tsieu/, 酒, wine.

\°Tsieu-pe/, 酒杯, a wine glass.

\°Tsieu-tien°/, 酒店, a wine shop.

\Tsih-deu/, 指頭, a finger.

\°Tsing/, 井, a well.

\Tsing°/, 進, to enter, come in.

\Tsoe°-°hau/, 最好, form of the superlative degree.

\Tsok-deu/, 竹頭, a bamboo stick.

\°Tsoo/, 阻, to hinder, to oppose.

\°Tsoo-taung°/, 阻檔, to hinder, to oppose.

\°Tsoo/, 左, left.

\Tsoo°/, 做, to do, to make, to perform.

\Tsoo°-koong-tuh/, 做功德, to perform funeral ceremonies.

\Tsoo°-nyung-ka/, 做人家, to be economical.

\Tsoong/, 鐘, a bell.

\Tsoong°-dien-nyung/, 種田人, a farmer.

\°Tsoong-iau°/, 總要, must.

\Tsoong-kok/, 中國, China.

\Tsoong-wo/, 中華, China.

\Tsoong-°z/, 總是, it must be.

\°Tsoong-°z-zeh-ke°/, 總是實蓋, it must be so.

\°Tsu/, 主, a lord, master.

\°Tsu-nyung/, 主人, a master.

\Tsuh-tuh/, 只得, only.

\Tsung/, 尊, classifier for idols and cannons.

\Tsung/, 針, needle.

\Tsung/, 眞, true.

\Tsung-da°-zung/, 尊大人, a father (in addressing their father
politely).

\Tsung-tsak/, 斟酌, to consult.

\Tuh/, 得, to get.

\Tuh-°chi/, 得起, after verb expresses ability.

\Tuh-°doong/, 得動, after verb expresses possibility.

\Tuh-°dzoe/, 得罪, to offend.

\Tuh-dzu°/, 得住, worthy, ability.

\Tuh-ji°/, 得及, time to do a thing.

\Tuh-kok/, 德國, Germany.

\Tuk-koo°/, 得過, ability.

\Tuh-kuh/, 得個, (after verb) it is possible.

\Tuh-kyien°/, 得見, possible of seeing.

\Tuh-lauh/, 得落, ability.

\Tuh-le/, 得來, able.

\Tuh-tsheh/, 得出, ability to hear.

\Tung/, 燈, a lamp.

\°Tung/, 等, to wait.

\°Tung-ih-hyih/, 等一歇, wait a little.

\°Tung-ih-°tung/, 等一等, wait a little.

\°Tung-tau°/, 等到, wait until.

\V/

\Va°/, 否, interrogative particle.

\Van-°i/, 凡係, whosoever.

\Van-nan/, 煩難, difficult.

\Van°/, 飯 rice (boiled).

\Vaung-kan/, 房間, a bedroom.

\Vaung-°ts/, 房子, a house.

\’Veh/, 勿, not, no.

\Veh/, 佛, a Buddhist idol.

\’Veh-°ba/, 勿罷, not only.

\’Veh-°ba/, 勿罷, more than.

\’Veh-°chi/, 勿起, after verb expresses inability.

\’Veh-da°/, 勿大, not very.

\’Veh-dan°/, 勿但, not only.

\’Veh-dan°-°z/, 勿但是, not only.

\’Veh-°doong/, 勿動, after verb expresses impossibility.

\’Veh-hau°/, 勿好, bad.

\’Veh-iau°-°kyung/, 勿要緊, not important.

\’Veh-jih/, 勿及, not equal to.

\’Veh-kau-hyung°/, 勿高興, not inclined to do a thing.

\’Veh-koo°/, 勿過, inability.

\’Veh-kyien°/, 勿見, (after verb) impossible.

\’Veh-kyui-sa°/, 勿拘啥, no matter what, whatsoever.

\’Veh-lauh/, 勿落, inability.

\’Veh-le/, 勿來, (after verb) impossible.

\’Veh-lung°-sa°/, 勿論啥, no matter what, whatsoever.

\’Veh-lung°-sa°-nyung/, 勿論啥人, no matter who.

\’Veh-°men/, 勿滿, less than.

\’Veh-nge°-sa°/, 勿碍啥, not important.

\’Veh-pih/, 勿必, it is not necessary.

\’Veh-siau/, 勿消, less than.

\’Veh-te°/, 勿對, mistake, not correct.

\’Veh-too-°kyi-z°/, 勿多幾時, just now, a little while ago.

\’Veh-tsheh/, 勿出, (after verb) impossible.

\’Veh-tuh/, 勿得, (after verb) impossible.

\’Veh-zen-meh/, 勿然末, if not so.

\’Veh-zu/, 勿如, not equal to.

\’Veh-zung/, 勿曾, not yet.

\Vok/, 縛, to tie.

\Vok-lau/, 縛牢, to tie firmly.

\Vok-lau-dzu°/, 縛牢住, to tie firmly.

\Voo-°soo-peh-°dze/, 無所不在, omnipresence.

\Voo-°soo-peh-nung/, 無所不能, omnipotent.

\Voo-°soo-peh-ts°/, 無所不如, omniscient.

\Voo-thi/, 扶梯, a ladder.

\°Voo-tshing/, 父親, father.

\Vung-san/, 墳山, a grave mound.

\W/

\Wa°/, 壞, to spoil.

\Wa°-theh/, 壞脫, to spoil.

\Wah/, 滑, slippery.

\Wak/, 劃, to strike (a match).

\Wan/, 還, besides, in addition.

\Wan/, 還, still, (addition).

\Wan/, 還, to return (a debt).

\Wan-iau°,/ 還要, still.

\Wan-’veh-zung/, 還勿曾, still not yet.

\Waung/, 黃, yellow.

\Waung-hwung-deu/, 黃昏頭, in the evening.

\Waung-hwung-doong/, 黃昏同, in the evening.

\Waung-laung/, 黄狼, a weasel.

\We-deu/, 回頭, to answer.

\We-tah/, 回答, to answer.

\We°/, 會, may, can.

\We°-sa°/, 為啥, why?

\We°-sa°-°lau/, 為啥佬, why?

\We°-ts/, 為之, because.

\Weh/, 活, to live.

\°’Wen/, 碗, a Chinese eating bowl.

\Wen/, 完, to finish.

\Wen-tse/, 完哉, expresses completed action.

\Wen°/, 換, to exchange, to barter.

\Wo°/, 話, to speak.

\Wo°/, 畫, a painting.

\Wo°-deu/, 話頭, words.

\Wo°-°liau/, 話𣩢, to slander.

\Wo°-wa°/, 話壞, to slander.

\°Wung/, 混, muddy.

\°’Wung-taung°/, 穩當, secure, safe.

\Y/

\Ya/, 爺, father.

\Ya-ya/, 爺爺, father.

\°Ya-kyi/, 野雞, a pheasant.

\Ya°/, 夜, night.

\Ya°-deu/, 夜頭, at night.

\Ya°-khwa°/, 夜快, in the evening.

\Ya°-°li/, 夜裏, at night.

\Yak/, 藥, medicine.

\Yak-dz/, 鑰匙, a key.

\Yang/, 羊, a sheep.

\Yang-dien/, 洋錢, a dollar.

\Yang-poo°/, 洋布, shirting.

\Yang-tshiang/, 洋槍, a gun.

\°Yang/, 養, to beget, to nourish.

\Yang°-yang°/, 樣樣, things of every sort.

\Yau-yien/, 謠言, rumour.

\Yeu-phiau/, 郵票, postage stamp.

\Yeu-tsung°-jok/, 郵政局, post office.

\°Yeu/, 有, to have, there is.

\°Yeu-i°/, 有意, purposely.

\°Yeu-kuh/, 有個, some.

\°Yeu-nyung/, 有人, some men.

\Yeu-tse/, 有哉, sufficient, enough.

\°Yeu-tuh/, 有得, is there to be had?

\Yeu°/, 右, right (direction).

\Yeu°-pan-pan/, 右班班, right side.

\Yeu°-pien/, 右邊, right side.

\Yeu°-°seu/, 右手, right hand.

\Yi/, 伊, he, she, it.

\Yien/, 鹽, salt (noun).

\Yi-kuh/, 伊個, his, hers, its.

\Yi-la°/, 伊拉, they.

\Yi-la°-kuh/, 伊拉個, their, theirs.

\Yien°-°dze/, 現在, now.

\Yoeh-ka/, 越加, still more.

\Yoeh-°tsau-yoeh-°hau/, 越早越好, the earlier the better.

\Yoen/, 圓, round.

\°Yoen-°jung/, 遠近, distance.

\Yoong-yi°/, 容易, easy.

\Yoong°/, 用, to use.

\Yoong°-nyung/, 用人, a servant.

\Yoong°-sing/, 用心, to pay attention, to be diligent.

\Yui°-be°/, 預備, to prepare, to provide.

\°Yui/, 雨, rain.

\Z/

\Z-‘eu°/, 時候, time.

\°Z/, 是, to be.

\°Z-mien°/, 市面, a market.

\Z°/, 字, a Chinese character.

\Z°-iung/, 字音, sound of a character.

\Z°-ka/, 自家, self.

\Z°-le-°hoo/, 自來火, a match.

\Z°-ming-tsoong/, 自鳴鐘, a clock.

\Z°-°thi/, 事體, an affair.

\Z°-zen/, 自然, of course.

\Za/, 柴, fuel.

\Za-laung/, 豺狼, a wolf.

\Zah/, 煠, boil.

\Zak/, 若, if.

\Zak-deu/, 石頭, a stone.

\Zak-deu-°ts/, 擲骰子, to gamble (with dice).

\Zak-s°/, 若是, if.

\Zak-zen/, 若然, if.

\Zak-ziang°/, 石匠, a stone mason.

\°Zau/, 造, to build.

\Zauh-nyih/, 昨日, yesterday.

\Zaung/, 牀, a bed.

\°Zaung/, 上, up.

\°Zaung-chi°/, 上去, to go up.

\°Zaung-deu/, 上頭, above.

\°Zaung-°he/, 上海, Shanghai.

\°Zaung-°he-°thoo-bak/, 上海土白, Shanghai dialect.

\°Zaung-le/, 上來, to come up.

\°Zaung-pen°-nyien/, 上半年, first half of the year.

\°Zaung-pen-nyih/, 上半日, before noon.

\°Zaung-pen°-nyoeh/, 上半月, first half of the month.

\°Zaung-pen°-ya°/, 上半夜, first half of night.

\°Zaung-san/, 上山, to go up a hill.

\°Zaung-su/, 上書, to take an advanced lesson.

\Ze-voong/, 裁縫, tailor.

\Zeh/, 十, ten.

\Zeh/, 折, to lose (in business).

\Zeh-°dze/, 實在, truly.

\Zeh-ke°/, 實蓋, thus.

\Zeh-ke°-nung/, 實蓋能, thus.

\Zeh-pah-°sang/, 十八省, China.

\Zeh-°pung/, 折本, to lose (in business).

\Zeh-°pung-nyung/, 日本人, Japanese.

\Zeh-theh/, 折脫, to lose (in business).

\Zen/, 全, all (collective).

\Zen/, 船, a boat.

\Zen-r/, 然而, moreover, yet.

\°Zen/, 善, good (moral).

\°Zeu/, 受, to receive, accept.

\°Zeu-‘e°/, 受害, to be injured.

\°Zeu-°khoo/, 受苦, to suffer.

\°Zeu-nan°/, 受難, to suffer.

\°Zeu-saung/, 受傷, to be wounded.

\Zia°/, 謝, to thank.

\Zien/, 前, before.

\Zien-deu/, 前頭, before.

\Zien-kuh-nyoeh/, 前個月, last month.

\Zien-nyih-°ts/, 前日子, day before yesterday.

\Zien-nyoeh/, 前月, last month.

\Zien-°tsen-le/, 旋轉來, to turn around.

\Zieu°/, 就, immediately.

\Zih/, 截, to saw.

\Zing/, 尋, to look for.

\Zing°/, 浄, to wash.

\Zing°-i-zaung-kuh/, 浄衣裳個, a washerman.

\Zing°-yok/, 浄浴, to bathe.

\Zo/, 蛇, a snake.

\Zok/, 熟, ripe, thoroughly cooked, well known, thorough.

\°Zoo/, 坐, to sit.

\Zoo°/, 座, classifier for hills and buildings.

\Zu°/, 樹, a tree.

\Zuh/, 賊, a thief.

\Zung/, 神, God.

\Zung/, 繩, a rope.

\Zung-dau°/, 神道, a Taoist god or idol.

\Zung-kwaung/, 晨光, time.

ENGLISH-CHINESE VOCABULARY

\A/

\A or an/ {is expressed by the use of a classifier, e.g.,} ih-kuh,
一個, ih-diau, 一條.

\Able/, nung, 能, we°, 會, nung-keu°, 能夠.

\About/, iak-kwe, 約規, iak-tsak, 約酌, da-iak, 大約, {when used
with a number}, 巴, {⸺ a hundred}, pak-°po, 百巴, {⸺ the same},
tsho-’veh-too, 差勿多, {⸺ to do a thing}, tsiang-iau°, 將要,
khwa-tse, 快哉, ({used after the verb}), {⸺ midnight},
pen°-ya°-°po, 半夜巴.

\Above/, °zaung-deu, 上頭.

\Accept, to/, °zeu, 受, seu, 收.

\Accompany, to/, be, 陪, {⸺ a friend on leaving}, soong°, 送.

\According, to/, tsau, 照, tsau°-°ngoo-khoen°, 照我看.

\Account, an/, tsang°, 賬, {to collect ⸺}, seu-tsang°, 手賬, {on ⸺
of}, iung-we°, 因爲.

\Account book, an/, ih °pung tsang°-°boo, 一本帳簿.

\Add, to/, ka, 加, thien, 添, ka-thien, 加添, {to ⸺ a little},
ka-°tien, 加點.

\Advantage/, iuh-tshu°, 益處, °hau-tshu°, 好處.

\Affair, an/, ih °jien z°-°thi, 一件事體 {or} ih tsaung z°-°thi,
一樁事體.

\After/, °‘eu, 後, °‘eu-deu, 後頭, {⸺ this}, °i-°‘eu, 以後, {day ⸺
to-morrow}, °‘eu-nyih, 後日.

\Afternoon/, °‘au-pen°-nyih, 下半日.

\Afterwards/, °‘eu-°seu, 後首, °‘eu-le, 後來, °i-°‘eu, 以後.

\Again/, tse°, 再, yi°, 又.

\Age/, kwe-kang, 貴庚, or kau-zeu, 高壽.

\Ago/, {a little while ⸺}, khan-khan, 纔纔, ’veh-too °kyi-z, 勿多幾時.

\All/, °loong-°tsoong, 攏總, koong°-°tsoong, 共總, ih tshi, 一切,
({collectively}), zen, 全, thok, 秃, {⸺ in general}, da-ke, 大槪.

\Allow, to/, nyang°, 讓.

\Already/, °i-kyung, 已經.

\Also/, °‘a-z, 也是, °‘a, 也.

\Although/, soe-zen, 雖然, soe-°z, 雖是.

\Always/, dzang-tsaung, 常莊, dzang-dzang, 常常.

\Am/, z, 是.

\America/, °Me-kok, 美國, Hwo-ji-kok, 花旗國.

\Among/, taung-tsoong, 當中.

\Anciently/, °koo-z-kan, 古時間.

\And/, °lau, 佬, tah-ts, 搭之, {one hundred ⸺ one}, ih pak ling ih,
一百零一.

\Answer, to/, we-deu, 回頭, we-tah, 回答.

\Antiquity/, °koo-z-kau, 古時間.

\Anyone/, dzoe-bien° sa°-nyung, 隨便啥人, {have you any?} noong°
°yeu sa° va°? 儂有啥否, {not any}, m-meh, 沒末.

\Anywhere/, dzoe-bien° °‘a-li, 隨便那裏, ’veh lung °‘a-li, 勿論那裏.

\Apple, an/, ih tsak bing-°koo, 一只蘋菓.

\Are/, z, 是.

\Arrange, to/, ban, 辦.

\Arrest, to/, tsauh, 捉.

\Arrive, to/, tau°, 到.

\As/, {for example, like}, °hau-ziang, 好像, {⸺ it seems to me},
tsau° °ngoo khoen°, 照我看, {⸺ you please}, dzoe-bien° noong°, 隨便儂.

\Ask, to/, mung°, 問, jeu, 求, °tshing, 請.

\Aspirate, to/, tsheh-foong, 出風.

\At/, leh-la°, 垃拉, la°, 拉, {⸺ first}, chi deu, 起頭, {⸺ night},
ya° deu, 夜頭, ya°-li, 夜裏.

\Attack, to/, koong-°tang, 攻打.

\Attend, to/, {to heed}, taung-sing, 當心, yoong-sing, 用心,
lieu-sing, 留心, {to ⸺ to matters}, ban°, {to ⸺ to a thing to make
it right}, loong, 弄, loong-°hau, 弄好.

\Autumn/, tshieu, 秋.

\Ax, an/, ih °po °foo-deu, 一把斧頭.

\B/

\Back, the/, pe°, 背, {to come ⸺}, °tsen le, 轉來, kyui le, 歸來,
{to ⸺ the book}, pe°, 背.

\Bad/, cheu, 恘, ’veh °hau, 勿好, {⸺ weather}, thien ’veh °hau,
天勿好.

\Bake, to/, hoong, 烘.

\Baggage/, ‘ang-°li 行李.

\Bale/, {a ⸺}, ih pau, 一包, ({used as a classifier}), {a ⸺ of
merchandize}, ih pau °hoo-suh, 一包貨色.

\Bamboo/, {a stick of ⸺}, ih kung tsok-deu, 一根竹頭.

\Bar/, {of a door}, sak, 閂.

\Bar/, {to a door}, sen, 閂.

\Bark, to/, °ngau, 咬, kyau, 叫.

\Barrow, a/, ih boo° °siau tsho, 一部小車.

\Barter, to/, wen°, 換, diau°, 調.

\Basket, a/, ih tsak lan, 一隻籃.

\Bathe, to/, zing° yok, 淨浴.

\Battery, a/, ih kuh phau°-de, 一個炮台.

\Battle/, {to fight a ⸺}, °tang-tsang°, 打仗.

\Be, to/, °z, 是, leh la°, 垃拉.

\Beat, to/, °tang, 打, {to ⸺ one another}, siang-°tang, 相打, {to ⸺ a
drum}, khau °koo, 敲鼓.

\Because/, iung-we°, 因爲, we°-ts, 爲之.

\Bed, a/, ih tsak zaung, 一隻牀 {⸺ room}, ih kan vaung-kan, 一間房間.

\Bedding/, phoo°-ke°, 鋪蓋.

\Before/, zien, 前, zien-deu, 前頭, {day ⸺ yesterday}, koo°-nyih-°ts,
過日子, zien-nyih-°ts, 前日子, i-nyih-°ts, 伊日子.

\Beg, to/, °thau, 討.

\Beget, to/, °yang, 養, sang °yang, 生養.

\Beggar, a/, °thau-van°-kuh, 討飯個, kau° hwo°-°ts, 叫化子.

\Begin, to/, °chi, 起, {to ⸺ work}, khe-koong, 開工, °doong-koong,
動工, {⸺ to journey}, °doong-sung, 動身.

\Beginning, a,/ °chi-deu, 起頭, °chi-tshoo, 起初, khe-dzang, 開塲,
{⸺ of the year}, nyien-deu, 年頭.

\Behind/, °‘eu-ti, 後底, °‘eu-ti-deu, 後底頭, °‘eu-deu, 後頭.

\Believe, to/, sing°, 信, siang-sing°, 相信.

\Bell, a/, tsoong, 鐘.

\Below/, °‘au-deu, 下頭, °‘au-ti-deu, 下底頭.

\Beneath/, ti-°‘au, 底下.

\Beside/, baung-pien, 旁邊, pien-deu, 邊頭.

\Besides/, ling°-nga°, 另外, dze-nga°, 在外, wan, 還.

\Best/, °ting °hau, 頂好, man °hau, 蠻好.

\Better/, °hau tien, 好點, {the quicker the ⸺}, yoeh khwa° yoeh
°hau, 越快越好.

\Between/, taung-tsoong, 當中.

\Beyond/, koo, 過.

\Big/, doo°, 大.

\Bill/, ih tsang tsang°, 一張賬.

\Bind, to/, {with a cord}, °paung, 綁.

\Bird, a/, ih tsak °tiau, 一隻窵.

\Biscuit/, ih kuh thah-°ping, 一個𩝣餅.

\Bite/, °ngau, 咬.

\Bitter/, °khoo, 苦.

\Black/, huh, 黑.

\Blanket, a/, ih diau °bi-deu, 一條被頭, {woolen}, nyoong-than, 羢毯.

\Blow, to/, tsh, 吹, {to ⸺ out}, tsh °iung, 吹隱, {to ⸺ into a flame
or blaze}, tsh yaung°, 吹旺.

\Blue/, lan, 藍.

\Board, a/, ih khwe °pan, 一塊板.

\Board, to/, {a ship}, °zaung zen, 上船.

\Boat, a/, ih tsak zen, 一隻船, {steam ⸺}, ih tsak °hoo-lung-zen,
一隻火輪船, {to start a ⸺}, khe zen, 開船.

\Body, a/, ih kuh sung-°thi, 一個身體.

\Boil, to/, zah, 煠, {to ⸺ water}, °kwung, 滾.

\Boiling water/, khe °s, 開水.

\Bolt/, {of a door}, sen, 閂, {of cloth}, ih phih poo°, 一疋布.

\Bolt/, {to ⸺ a door}, sak, 閂.

\Bonnet, a/, ih °ting mau°-°ts, 一頂帽子, ih tsak mau°-°ts, 一隻帽子.

\Book, a/, ih °pung su, 一本書, {a set of ⸺s}, ih boo° su, 一部書,
{an account ⸺}, ih °pung tsang°-°boo, 一本賬簿, {a small blank ⸺}, ih
°pung boo°-°ts, 一本簿子.

\Book-case, a/, ih °kheu su-dzu, 一口書厨.

\Borrow, to/, tsia°, 借.

\Both/, liang-kuh, 兩個.

\Bottle, a/, ({used as a classifier}) bing, 瓶.

\Bowl/, {a Chinese eating ⸺}, ih tsak °wen, 一只碗, {a wash ⸺}, ih
tsak mien°-bung, 一只面盆.

\Box/, {a large ⸺}, ih tsak siang-°ts, 一只箱子, {a small ⸺}, ih
tsak ‘ah-°ts, 一只盒子, ({as a classifier}), siang, 箱.

\Boy, a/, ih kuh siau-noen, 一個小囝, {a table ⸺}, ih kuh °si-tse°,
一個細崽, {a horse ⸺}, ih kuh °ma-foo, 一個馬夫, {a school ⸺}, ih kuh
°auh-sang-°ts, 一個學生子.

\Brace, a/ (used as a classifier), ih te°, 一對.

\Brass/, doong, 銅.

\Bread/, {a loaf of ⸺}, ih kuh men-deu, 一個饅頭, {a piece of ⸺}, ih
khwe° men-deu, 一塊饅頭, {a slice of ⸺}, ih phien° men-deu, 一片饅頭.

\Breadth/, khweh-‘ah, 闊狹.

\Break, to/, se°, 碎, °tang-se°, 打碎, khau-se°, 敲碎.

\Breakfast/, °tsau-van°, 早飯.

\Brick, a/, ih khwe° tsen-deu, 一塊磚頭, {or} lok-tsen, 䃙磚, {a
pile of ⸺}, ih te lok-tsen, 一堆䃙磚.

\Bridge/, ih diau jau, 一條橋.

\Bring, to/, tan-le, 担來, nau-le, 拿來, {to ⸺ with you}, ta° le,
帶來, {to ⸺ out}, nau-tsheh-le, 拿出來, tan-tsheh-le, 担出來, {to ⸺
back}, nau °tsen le, 拿轉來, tau-°tsen-le, 担轉來.

\Broad/, khweh, 闊.

\Broil, to/, tsien, 煎.

\Broom, a/, ih °po °sau-°tseu, 一把掃箒.

\Brother/, °di-hyoong, 弟兄, {elder ⸺}, ak-koo, 阿哥, {younger ⸺},
hyoong-°di, 兄弟, °di-°di, 弟弟.

\Brush, to/, seh, 刷.

\Bucket, a/, ({used as a classifier}), ih doong, 一桶.

\Buddhist/, {a ⸺ idol}, ih tsung veh, 一尊佛, boo-sah, 菩薩, {a ⸺
priest}, ih kuh oo-zaung°, 一個和尙.

\Buffalo/, {a water ⸺}, ih tsak °s-nyeu, 一隻水牛.

\Build, to/, °zau, 造, {to ⸺ a partition}, tshi° pih, 砌壁, {to ⸺ a
wall}, tshi°, 砌, tshi° ziang, 砌牆.

\Bundle, a/, ({used as a classifier}), ih °khwung, 一捆.

\Burn, to/, sau, 燒, thaung, 烫.

\Business/, sang-i°, 生意, °ma-ma°, 買賣.

\But/, dau-°z, 但是, dok-°z, 獨是.

\Butter/, °na-yeu, 奶油.

\Butterfly, a/, ih tsak ‘oo-dih, 一隻蝴蝶.

\Button, a/, °nyeu-°ts, 鈕子.

\Buy, to/, °ma, 買.

\By/, ({the agent}), peh, 撥, peh-la°, 撥拉, {⸺ means of}, yoong, 用, {⸺
the side of}, pien-deu, 邊頭, {⸺ chance}, °ngeu-zen, 偶然, {⸺ what
means}, na°-nung, 那能, {⸺ and ⸺}, °tung-ih-°tung, 等一等,
hyih-ih-hyih, 歇一歇.

\C/

\Cake, a/, ih kuh kyi-dan°-kau, 一個鷄蛋糕.

\Calculate, to/, soen°, 算, °tang-soen°, 打算, {to ⸺ accounts},
soen°-tsang°, 算賬.

\Call, to/, kyau°, 叫, han°, 喊, {to ⸺ on}, maung°-maung°, 望望.

\Can/, {permission or ability}, °khau-°i, 可以, {physical
ability}, nung-keu°, 能彀, {acquired ability}, we°, 會, {⸺ do it},
tsoo°-tuh-le, 做得來, {⸺ not do it}, tsoo°-’veh-le, 做勿來.

\Canal, a/, ih diau °kaung, 一條港.

\Candle, a/, ih kung lah-tsok, 一根蠟燭.

\Candles, a/, {pair of ⸺s}, ih te° lah tsok, 一對蠟燭.

\Cane, a/, ih kung °baung, 一根棒.

\Cannon, a/, ih tsung phau°, 一尊炮.

\Cap, a/, ih °ting, 一頂 {or} ih tsak mau°-°ts, 一只帽子.

\Car/, {a steam ⸺}, ih °boo °hoo-tsho, 一部火車.

\Careful/, taung-sing, 當心.

\Carefully/, °ts-si°, 仔細.

\Carpenter, a/, ih kuh mok-ziang°, 一個木匠.

\Carpet, a/, ih diau mau-°than, 一條毛毯.

\Carriage, a/, ih °boo °mo-tsho, 一部馬車, {steam ⸺}, ih °boo
°hoo-tsho, 一部火車, {to go in a ⸺}, °zoo °mo-tsho, 坐馬車.

\Carry, to/, tan, 担, nau, 拿, {to ⸺ in one hand}, ling, 拎, nau,
拿, {to ⸺ in the arms like a child}, °bau, 抱, {to ⸺ on the
shoulder}, jien, 掮, {to ⸺ on the back}, pe°, 揹, {to ⸺ with bamboo
pole on shoulder, one man}, thiau, 挑, {to ⸺ with bamboo pole by
two men}, kaung, 扛, {to ⸺ a letter}, ta° ih foong sing°, 帶一封信.

\Case/, {a book ⸺}, ih °kheu su-dzu, 一口書㕑, {in any ⸺},
dzoe-bien° na°-nung, 隨便那能.

\Cash, a/, ih kuh doong-dieu, 一個銅鈿.

\Cask, a/, ({used as a classifier}), ih doong, 一桶.

\Cat, a/, ih tsak mau, 一只猫.

\Catch/, tsauh, 捉, {to ⸺ fire}, seh-°hoo, 失火, °hoo-dzak, 火着.

\Catty, a/, ih kyung, 一斤.

\Cent/, {a ⸺}, ih fung, 一分, {ten ⸺s}, ih kauh, 一角, {twenty ⸺s},
liang kauh, 兩角, s khe, 四開.

\Chair, a/, ih tsak iui°-°ts, 一只椅子, {a sedan ⸺}, ih °ting
jau°-°ts, 一頂轎子.

\Chance/, {by ⸺}, °ngeu-zen, 偶然.

\Change/, °tsau-deu, 找頭.

\Change, to/, {⸺ a dollar}, de° yang-dien, 兌洋鈿, {to ⸺ residence},
pen-dzang, 搬場.

\Character/, {a Chinese ⸺}, ih kuh z°, 一個字, {to know a ⸺}, suh,
識, {sound of a ⸺}, z°-iung, 字音.

\Charcoal/, than, 炭.

\Chart, a/, ih fok doo, 一幅圖, ih fok di°-°li-doo, 一幅地理圖.

\Cheap/, jang, 強.

\Cheat, to/, chi, 欺, phien°, 騙, chi-phien°, 欺騙.

\Chicken, a/, ih tsak kyi, 一只鷄.

\Child, a/, ih kuh °siau-noen, 一個小囝.

\Chimney/, ien-tshoong, 烟囱.

\China/, Tsoong-kok, 中國, Tsoong-wo, 中華, zeh-pah-°sang, 十八省,
Ts-na, 支那, Tsoong-wo ming-kok 中華民國.

\Chinese/, Tsoong-kok, 中國, {a ⸺ character}, ih kuh z°, 一個字,
{to know a ⸺ character}, suh, 識.

\Church, a/, °li-pa°-daung, 禮拜堂.