Chapter XXV: Book I: , fo. 103b. In 1417 the mayor and aldermen ordained that the (2)

1202 The Mercers' Company applied for a grant of the chapel and other
property of the hospital; and this was conceded by letters patent,
21 April, 1542, upon payment of the sum of L969 17_s._ 6_d._,
subject to a reserved rent of L7 8_s._ 10_d._, which was redeemed by
the company in 1560.--Livery Comp. Com. (1880), Append. to Report,
1884, vol. ii, p. 9.

M629 The division of the spoil.

1203 On the re-establishment of the Dutch or Mother Strangers' Church, at
Elizabeth's accession, it was declared by the Privy Council to be
under the superintendence of the Bishop of London (Cal. State Papers
Dom., Feb., 1560). Hence it was that Dr. Temple, Bishop of London,
was memorialised in March, 1888, as superintendent of the French
Church in London.--See "Eng. Hist. Review," April, 1891, pp. 388-389.

1204 Stow's "Survey" (Thoms's ed., 1876), p. 67.

1205 Nichols' "Progresses of Queen Eliz.," iii. 598. For particulars of
Swinnerton see Clode's "Early Hist. of the Merchant Taylors'
Company," i, 262, etc.

M630 The mayor's effort to save the destruction of the steeple of the
Austin Friars Church.

1206 Strype's Stow, bk. ii, pp. 114, 115.

1207 Remembrancia (Analytical Index), pp. 133, 134.

M631 The priory of St. Helen without Bishopsgate.

1208 In 1439 Reginald Kentwode, Dean of St. Paul's, having in a recent
visitation discovered "many defaults and excesses," drew up a
schedule of injunctions for their better regulation.--Printed in
London and Middlesex Archaeol. Soc. Transactions, ii, 200-203.

M632 Friendly relations between the Corporation and religious houses in
the city.

1209 Journal 12, fo. 75.

1210 Repertory 2, fo. 185b.

1211 Repertory 5, fos. 15, 15b, 82b.

1212 Repertory 2, fo. 185; Grey Friars Chron., pp. 29, 31.

M633 Royal injunction for keeping Parish Registers, 29 Sept., 1538.

1213 Sixteen other registers for city parishes commence in 1538, and four
in 1539.--See Paper on St. James Garlickhithe, by W. D. Cooper,
F.S.A. (London and Middlesex Arch. Soc. Trans., vol. iii, p. 392,
note).

M634 Great increase of London poor, consequent on the suppression of
religious houses.

1214 Wriothesley's Chron. (Camd. Soc, N.S., No. 11), i, 77, 78.

M635 Sir Richard Gresham's letter to the king for conveyance to the City
of certain hospitals.

1215 Descended from a Norfolk family. Apprenticed to John Middleton,
mercer, of London, and admitted to the freedom of the Mercers'
Company in 1507. Alderman of Walbrook and Cheap Wards successively.
Sheriff 1531-2. Married (1) Audrey, daughter of William Lynne, of
Southwick, co. Northampton, (2) Isabella Taverson, _nee_ Worpfall.
Was the father of Sir Thomas Gresham, the founder of the Royal
Exchange and of the college which bears his name.--_Ob._, 21 Feb.,
1549. Buried in the church of St. Laurence Jewry.

1216 Cott. MS., Cleop. E., iv, fo. 222.--Printed in Burgon's "Life of
Gresham," i, 26-29.

M636 Two petitions from the City, Mar., 1539. M637 The City offers to purchase certain dissolved houses, 1 Aug., 1540.

1217 Journal 14, fo. 129; Letter Book P, fo. 178.

1218 Journal 14, fo. 216b; Letter Book P, fo. 220b.

1219 Repertory 10, fo. 200.

M638 The City in difficulties with king and parliament, 1541-1542.

1220 Journal 14, fo. 269.

1221 Wriothesley, i, 129.

1222 Son of Thomas Hill, of Hodnet, co. Salop. He devoted large sums of
money to building causeways and bridges, and erected a grammar
school at Drayton-in-Hales, otherwise Market Drayton, in his native
county, which he endowed by will, dated 6 April, 1551 (Cal. of
Wills, Court of Hust., London, part ii, p. 651). See also Holinshed,
iii, 1021.

1223 Holinshed, iii, 824; Wriothesley, i, 135. According to the Grey
Friars Chron. (p. 45), it was the sergeant-at-arms himself whom the
sheriffs detained.

M639 Precautions against the spread of pestilence, 1543.

1224 Proclamation dated 13 Aug., 1543.--Journal 15, fo. 48b.

1225 Journal 15, fo. 55; Letter Book Q, fo. 93.

1226 Letter Book Q, fo. 92b; Grey Friars Chron., p. 45.

M640 Preparation for renewal of war with France, 1544.

1227 Writ to mayor and sheriffs for proclamation of war, dat. 2 Aug.,
1543.--Journal 15, fo. 46b.

1228 Repertory 11, fo. 32b.

1229 Repertory 11, fo. 65b.

1230 Journal 15, fo. 95; Repertory 11, fo. 74; Letter Book Q, fo. 109.

M641 The re-establishment of St. Bartholomew's hospital, 23 June, 1544.

1231 "Memoranda ... relating to the Royal Hospitals," 1863, pp. 4-7.

M642 The campaign in France of 1544.

1232 Repertory 11, fo. 106; Letter Book Q, fo. 116b.

1233 Repertory, 11, fo. 118b; Letter Book Q, fo. 120b.

1234 Journal 15, fo. 123; Letter Book Q, fo. 119.

1235 Journal 15, fo. 124; Letter Book Q, fo. 122.

M643 City gift to the king on his return from France.

1236 Letter Book Q, fo. 120b.

M644 Opposition to a benevolence in the city, 1545.

1237 Wriothesley, i, 151, 153; Grey Friars Chron., p. 48.

1238 Holinshed, iii, 346.

M645 William Laxton, mayor, knighted, 8 Feb., 1545.

1239 Wriothesley, i, 151, 152.

M646 A call for volunteers for the French war. April, 1545.

1240 Journal 15, fo. 239b; Letter Book Q, fo. 167b.

1241 Journal 15, fo. 240.; Letter Book Q, fo. 168; Wriothesley, i, 154.

1242 "A coarse frieze was so called from a small town in the West Riding
of Yorkshire. An Act of 5 and 6 Edward VI (1551-2) provided that all
"clothes commonly called Pennystones or Forest Whites ... shall
conteyne in length beinge wett betwixt twelve and thirtene yardes."

1243 Repertory 11, fo. 193b; Letter Book Q, fo. 133; Wriothesley, i, 154.

M647 The last subsidy to be forthwith paid up.

1244 Wriothesley, i, 155.

M648 A force of 2,000 soldiers demanded of the City, June, 1545.

1245 Repertory 11, fos. 203, 212b.

1246 30 July.--Repertory 11, fo. 215b. The Midsummer watch had not been
kept this year.--Wriothesley, i, 156.

1247 Repertory 11, fo. 213.

1248 Wriothesley, i, 58.

M649 Boulogne threatened.

1249 Repertory 11, fo. 216b.

M650 Act for confiscating chantries, &c., 1545.

1250 Stat. 37, Henry VIII, c. 4.

M651 Peace with France proclaimed, 13 June, 1546.

1251 Repertory 11, fo. 299b; Letter Book Q, fo. 181; Journal 15, fo. 270;
Wriothesley, i, 165.

M652 Uniformity of religion enforced, 1546. M653 Recantation of the rector of St. Mary Aldermary.

1252 Holinshed, iii, 856; Grey Friars Chron., p. 50.

M654 Trial and execution of Anne Ascue.

1253 Holinshed, iii, 847.

1254 Letter Book Q, fo. 181.

M655 Improved water supply of the city, 1545-1546.

1255 Repertory 11, fo. 247.

1256 Journal 15, fo. 213b.

1257 Wriothesley, i, 162, 175.

M656 St. Bartholomew's Hospital, &c., vested in the City, 13 Jan., 1547.

1258 Journal 15, fos. 245, 399b, _seq._

1259 "Memoranda ... Royal Hospitals," pp. 20-45.

M657 A committee appointed to investigate the recently acquired property,
6 May, 1547.

1260 Repertory 11, fo. 349b.

1261 In Sept., 1547, the citizens were called upon to contribute half a
fifteenth for the maintenance of the poor of St.
Bartholomew's.--Journal 15, fo. 325b. In Dec, 1548, an annual sum of
500 marks out of the profits of Blackwell, and in 1557 the whole of
the same profits were set aside for the poor.--Journal 15, fos. 398,
_seq._; Repertory 13, pt. ii, fo. 512.

M658 The king's death, 28 Jan., 1547.

1262 Royal proclamation, 7 July, 1545, forbidding all pursuit of game in
Westminster, Islington, Highgate, Hornsey and elsewhere in the
suburbs of London.--Journal 15, fo. 240b.

M659 Edward VI proclaimed king in the city, 31 Jan., 1547.

1263 Son of Christopher Huberthorne, of Waddington, co. Lane, Alderman of
Farringdon Within. His mansion adjoined the Leadenhall. _Ob._, Oct.,
1556. Buried in the church of St. Peter, Cornhill.--Machyn. 115, 352.
It was in Huberthorne's mayoralty that the customary banquet to the
aldermen, the "officers lerned" and the commoners of the city, on
Monday next after the Feast of Epiphany, known as "Plow Monday," was
discontinued.--Letter Book Q, fo. 191b. It was afterwards renewed and
continues to this day in the form of a dinner given by the new mayor
to the officers of his household and clerks engaged in various
departments of the service of the Corporation. An attempt was at the
same time made to put down the lord mayor's banquet
also.--Wriothesley, i, 176.

1264 Journal 15. fos. 303b, 305b; Letter Book Q, os. 192b, 194;
Wriothesley. i, 178.

M660 Distribution of gowns of black livery.

1265 Journal 15, fo. 304; Letter Book Q, fo. 195; Repertory 11, fo. 335b.

M661 Accession and coronation of Edward VI, 1547.

1266 "The lord mayor of London, Henry Hobulthorne, was called fourth, who
kneeling before the king, his majestie tooke the sworde of the Lord
Protector and made him knight, which was the first that eaver he
made."--Wriothesley's Chron. (Camd. Soc, N.S., No. 11.), i, 181.

1267 This mace is still in possession of the Corporation. It is only
brought out for use on such occasions as a coronation, when it is
carried by the lord mayor as on the occasion narrated above, and at
the annual election of the chief magistrate of the city, when it is
formally handed by the Chamberlain to the lord mayor elect. The mace
consists of a tapering shaft of rock crystal mounted in gold, with a
coroneted head also of gold, adorned with pearls and large jewels.
Its age is uncertain. Whilst some hazard the conjecture that it may
be of Saxon origin, there are others who are of opinion that the
head of it at least cannot be earlier than the 15th century.

1268 Journal 15, fo. 305; Letter Book Q, fos. 195b-196; Repertory 11, fo.
334b.

M662 Opposition in the city to the sacrament of the mass, 1547-1548.

1269 "All these chyldren shall every Chyldermasse day come to Paulis
Church and here the chylde bisshoppis sermon, and after be at the
hye masse, and eche of them offer a 1d. to the childe bisshop and
with theme the maisters and surveyors of the scole."--Statutes of St.
Paul's School, printed in Lupton's "Life of Dean Colet," p. 278b.

1270 Letter Book P, fo. 172b.

1271 Journal 14, fo. 158b; Letter Book P, fo. 197.

1272 See Brewer's Introd. to Cal. Letters and Papers For. and Dom., vol.
iv, pp. dcli-dcliii.

1273 Letter Book P, fo. 153.

1274 Letter Book Q, fo. 102.

1275 "Also this same tyme [Nov., 1547] was moche spekying agayne the
sacrament of the auter, that some callyd it Jacke of the boxe, with
divers other shamefulle names... And at this tyme [Easter, 1548] was
more prechyng agayne the masse."--Grey Friars Chron., p. 55.

1276 Letter Book Q, fo. 250b.

1277 Repertory 11, fo. 423.

1278 "After the redyng of the preposycioun made yesterday in the Sterre
Chamber by the lorde chaunceler and ye declaracioun made by my lorde
mayer of suche comunicacioun as his lordshyp had wt the Bysshop of
Caunterburye concernyng the demeanor of certein prechers and other
dysobedyent persones yt was ordered and agreyd that my lorde mayer
and all my maisters thaldermen shall this afternone att ij of ye
clok repayre to my lorde protectors grace and the hole counseill and
declare unto theim the seid mysdemeanor and that thei shall mete att
Saint Martyns in the Vyntrey att one of the clok."--Repertory 11, fo.
456b.

1279 Repertory 11, fo. 465.

M663 Act for abolition of chantries, 1547.

1280 A proclamation against the evil behaviour of citizens and others
against priests, 12 Nov., 1547.--Letter Book Q. fo. 218; Journal 15,
fo. 335b.

M664 Redemption of charges for superstitious uses by the city and
companies, 1550.

1281 By letters patent dated 14 July, 1550 (preserved at the Guildhall,
Box 17).

1282 Letter Book R, fo. 166b; Wriothesley's Chron. (Camden Soc., N.S.,
No. 20), ii, 35. See also exemplification of Act of Parl. passed a deg.
5 Edward VI, in accordance with the terms of this petition (Box 29).

M665 Order for demolition of images, pictures, &c., Aug., 1547.

1283 Journal 15, fo. 322; Letter Book Q, fo. 210b.

1284 Repertory 11. fo. 373; Letter Book Q, fo. 214.

1285 Grey Friars Chron., 54, 55; Wriothesley. ii, 1.

1286 Grey Friars Chron., p. 58. In May (1548) the duke applied to the
City for water to be laid on to Stronde House, afterwards known as
Somerset House.--Repertory 11, fos. 462b, 484; Journal 15. fo. 383b;
Letter Book Q, fo. 253b.

1287 Grey Friars Chron., p. 55.

1288 Wriothesley, ii, 29. Touching the ceremony of visiting the tomb of
the Bishop of London, to whom the citizens were indebted for the
charter of William the Conqueror, see chap. i, p. 35.

M666 The citizens and the Grey Friars Church, 1547.

1289 Letter Book Q, fos. 232, 234b; Repertory 11, fos. 356, 415, 431,
444b, 511b.

1290 "Item, at this same tyme [_circ._ Sept., 1547] was pullyd up alle
the tomes, grett stones, alle the auteres, with stalles and walles
of the qweer and auters in the church that was some tyme the Gray
freeres, and solde and the qweer made smaller."--Grey Friars Chron.,
p. 54.

M667 The "communion" substituted for the mass, 1548.

1291 "At Ester followyng there began the commonion, and confession but of
thoys that wolde, as the boke dothe specifythe."--Grey Friars Chron.,
p. 55; _Cf._ Wriothesley (Camd. Soc, N.S., No. 20), ii, 2.

1292 The Guildhall college, chapel and library were restored to the City
in 1550, by Edward VI, on payment of L456 13_s._ 4_d._,--Pat. Roll 4
Edward VI, p. 9m. (32) 20; Letter Book R, fo. 64b.

1293 Repertory 11, fo. 493b.

1294 -_Id._, fo. 455. (431 pencil mark); Letter Book Q, fo. 237. "This
yeare in the Whitson holidaies my lord maior [Sir John Gresham]
caused three notable sermons to be made at Sainct Marie Spittell,
according as they are kept at Easter.... And the sensing in Poules
cleene put downe."--Wriothesley, ii, 2, 3. The processions were kept
up in 1554, "but there was no sensynge."--Grey Friars Chron., p. 89.

M668 The "tuning of the pulpits."

1295 -_Cf._ Journal 15, fo. 352b; Letter Book Q, fos. 230-252b. "This
yeare [1548] the xxviiith daie of September, proclamation was made
to inhibite all preachers generallie till the kinges further
pleasure. After which daie all sermons seasede at Poules Crosse and
in all other places."--Wriothesley, ii, 6.

1296 Grey Friars Chron., pp. 59, 62. Occasionally the chronicler is
overcome by his feelings, and cries out, "Almyghty God helpe it whan
hys wylle ys!" _Id._, p. 67.

M669 The insurrections of 1549.

1297 In some cases the new owners may have experienced some difficulty in
fixing a fair rent, as appears to have been the case with the City
of London and its recently acquired property of Bethlehem. When the
Chamberlain reported that the rents demanded for houses in the
precincts of the hospital were far too high, he was at once
authorised to reduce them at discretion.--Letter Book R, fo. 10b.

1298 Letter Book R, fo. 11b.

1299 Grey Friars Chron., p. 60; Wriothesley, ii, 15, 16.

M670 Cranmer at St. Paul's, 21 July, 1549.

1300 Wriothesley, ii, 16, 17; Grey Friars Chron., p. 60.

M671 The king passes through the city, 23 July.

1301 Wriothesley, ii, 19.

M672 Ket's rebellion in Norfolk. 1549.

1302 Wriothesley, ii, 20; Grey Friars Chron., p. 61.

1303 Holinshed, iii, 982-984.

M673 The fall of Somerset, 1549. M674 Letter from lords of the council to the City accusing the Protector, 6 Oct.

1304 Letter Book R, fo. 40; Journal 16, fo. 36.

M675 Letter from Somerset to the mayor, 6 Oct., 1549.

1305 Letter Book R, fo. 39b.

M676 Conference between the lords and the City at Ely Place, 6 Oct.,
1549.

1306 Acts of the Privy Council, ii, 331-332; Wriothesley, ii, 24-25;
Holinshed, iii, 1014; Repertory 12, pt. i, fos. 149-150.

M677 Removal of the king to Windsor.

1307 Holinshed, iii, 1014-1015; Acts of Privy Council, ii, 333.

M678 The City joins the lords against Somerset, 7 Oct., 1549.

1308 Acts of Privy Council, ii, fos. 333-336.

1309 Repertory 12, pt. i, fo. 150b.

1310 Letter Book R, fo. 40b.

M679 The lords attend a Common Council, 8 Oct., 1549.

1311 -_Id._, fos. 43-43b.

1312 Acts of Privy Council, ii, 336, 337.

M680 A meeting at Sheriff York's house, 9 Oct. M681 The City agrees to furnish a contingent of soldiers to aid the lords.

1313 Wriothesley, ii, 26.

1314 Acts of Privy Council, ii, 337-342.

1315 Letter Book R, fos. 41-42; Journal 16, fos. 37, 37b. According to
Holinshed (iii, 1017, 1018), considerable opposition was made by a
member of the Common Council named George Stadlow to any force at
all being sent by the city. He reminded the court of the evils that
had arisen in former times from the city rendering support to the
barons against Henry III, and how the city lost its liberties in
consequence. The course he recommended was that the city should join
the lords in making a humble representation to the king as to the
Protector's conduct.

1316 Wriothesley, ii, 26, 27.

M682 The effect of the City's adhesion to the lords. M683 Somerset brought to the Tower, 14 Oct.

1317 Letter Book R, fo. 37; Journal 16, fo. 34; Wriothesley, ii, 26.

1318 Stow's "Summarie of the Chronicles of England" (ed. 1590), p. 545;
Wriothesley, ii, 27, 28. The names are given differently in the Acts
of the Privy Council, ii, 344.

M684 Bonner deprived of bishopric of London, 1 Oct., 1549.

1319 Grey Friars Chron., pp. 63, 64; _Cf._ Wriothesley, ii, 24.

M685 The king entertained by Sheriff York, Oct., 1549.

1320 Wriothesley, ii, 28.

M686 Somerset released on parole, 6 Feb., 1550.

1321 Acts of Privy Council, ii, 384; Wriothesley, ii, 33.

M687 Warwick and the reformers, 1550.

1322 For more than a week he had been compelled to lie on nothing but
straw, his bed having been taken away by order of the knight marshal
for refusing to pay an extortionate fee.--Grey Friars Chron., p. 65.

1323 Thomas Thurlby, the last abbot of Westminster, became the first and
only bishop of the see. Upon the union of the see with that of
London Thurlby became bishop of Norwich. Among the archives of the
city there is a release by him, in his capacity as bishop of
Westminster, and the dean and chapter of the same, to the City of
London of the parish church of St. Nicholas, Shambles. The document
is dated 14 March, 1549, and has the seals of the bishopric and of
the dean and chapter, in excellent preservation, appended.

1324 For objecting to the prescribed vestments, he was committed to the
Fleet by order of the Privy Council, 27 Jan., 1551, and was not
consecrated until the following 8th March.--Hooper to Bullinger, 1
Aug., 1551 ("Original Letters relative to the English Reformation."
ed. for Parker Society, 1846, p. 91).

M688 The City and the borough of Southwark, 1550.

1325 Their respective boundaries are set out in the Report of
Commissioners on Municipal Corporations (1837), p. 3.

1326 Charter dated 6 March, 1 Edward III.

1327 Charter dated 9 Nov., 2 Edward IV.

1328 Letter Book Q, fos. 239b-241b.

M689 Charter to the City, 23 April, 1550.

1329 Letter Book R, fo. 58b.

1330 Dated 23 April, 1550. A fee of L6 "and odde money" was paid for the
enrolment of this charter in the Exchequer.--Repertory 12, pt. ii,
fo. 458. This fee appears to have been paid, notwithstanding the
express terms of the charter that no fee great or small should be
paid or made or by any means given to the hanaper to the king's use.
According to Wriothesley (ii, 36), the "purchase" of Southwark cost
the city 1,000 marks, "so that nowe they shall have all the whole
towne of Southwarke by letters patent as free as they have the City
of London, the Kinges Place [_i.e._ Southwark Place or Suffolk
House] and the two prison houses of the Kinges Bench and the
Marshalsea excepted."

1331 Wriothesley, ii, 38.

M690 The ward of Bridge Without.

1332 Letter Book R, fo. 80; Journal 16, fo. 82b.

1333 The custom in the city was for the inhabitants of a vacant ward to
nominate four persons for the Court of Aldermen to select one. As
there were no means of enforcing the above ordinance it was repealed
by Act of Co. Co., 16 June, 1558.--Letter Book S., fo. 167b.

1334 Letter Book R, fo. 71b. The following particulars of Aylyff and his
family are drawn from the city's archives. From Bridge Ward Without
he removed to Dowgate Ward. At the time of his death, in 1556, he
was keeper of the clothmarket at Blackwell Hall. His widow was
allowed to take the issues and profits of her late husband's place
for one week, and was forgiven a quarter's rent. Aylyff's son
Erkenwald succeeded him at Blackwell Hall. The son died in 1561.
After his decease he was convicted of having forged a deed. His
widow, Dorothy, married Henry Butler, "gentleman."--Repertory 13, pt.
ii, fos. 442b, 443, 461; Repertory 14, fos. 446b, 477b, 478;
Repertory 16, fo. 6b.

1335 Printed Report. Co. Co., 20 May, 1836.

1336 See Report Committee of the whole Court for General Purposes, with
Appendix, 31 May, 1892 (_Printed_).

M691 Growing unpopularity of Warwick, 1550-1551.

1337 Grey Friars Chron., p. 66. The surrender of Boulogne was "sore
lamented of all Englishmen."--Wriothesley, ii, 37.

1338 Repertory 12, pt. ii, fo. 271b; Letter Book R, fos. 74, 85b; Journal
16, fos. 66b, 91b.

M692 The debasement of the currency, 1551.

1339 Letter Book R, fo. 115; Journal 16, fo. 118.

1340 Wriothesley, ii, 48. The price of living became so dear that the
town clerk and the under-sheriffs asked for and obtained from the
Common Council an increase of emoluments.--Letter Book R, fo. 117b.

1341 Wriothesley, ii, 54.

1342 Grey Friars Chron., p. 72.

M693 The Duke of Somerset again arrested, 16 Oct., 1551.

1343 Wriothesley, ii, 56; Grey Friars Chron., p. 71.

1344 Grey Friars Chron., pp. 72, 73.

1345 -_Id._, pp. 71, 72.

M694 Trial and execution of Somerset, 22 Jan., 1552.

1346 Wriothesley, ii, 57.

1347 Repertory 12, pt. ii, fo. 426; Letter Book R, fo. 157b.

1348 Wriothesley, ii, 63.

1349 Holinshed, iii, 1032.

M695 The City and the Royal Hospitals, 1547-1553.

1350 Journal 15, fo. 325b; Letter Book Q, fo. 214b.

1351 Letter Book Q, fo. 237; Repertory 11, fo. 445b.

1352 Journal 15, fo. 384.

1353 Letter Book Q, fo. 261b; Journal 15, fos. 398, 401; Appendix vii to
"Memoranda of the Royal Hospitals," pp. 46-51.

M696 St. Thomas's Hospital.

1354 Repertory 12, pt. ii., fos. 311, 312b.

1355 Both deeds are printed in Supplement to Memoranda relating to Royal
Hospitals, pp. 15-32.

M697 Christ's Hospital.

1356 Son of Robert Dobbs, of Batley, Yorks. Alderman of Tower Ward.
Knighted 8 May, 1552. _Ob._ 1556. Buried in Church of St. Margaret
Moses.--Machyn, pp. 105, 269, 349; Wriothesley, ii, 69.

1357 Report, Charity Commissioners, No. 32, pt. vi, p. 75; Strype, Stow's
"Survey," bk. i, p. 176.

M698 Bridewell Hospital.

1358 Among the names of those forming the deputation appears that of
Richard Grafton, whose printing house, from which issued "The
Prymer"--one of the earliest books of private devotion printed in
English as well as Latin--was situate within the precinct of the Old
Grey Friars.--Repertory 12, p. ii., fos. 271b, 272b.

1359 Strype, Stow's "Survey," bk. i, p. 176.

1360 Wriothesley, 83; Repertory 13, fo. 60.

1361 Charter dated 26 June, 1553.

M699 Northumberland's conspiracy, 1553.

1362 "Letters Patent for the limitation of the Crown," sometimes called
the "counterfeit will" of King Edward VI.--Chron. of Q. Jane and Q.
Mary (Camd. Soc., No. 48), pp. 91-100.

1363 Richard Hilles to Henry Bullinger, 9 July, 1553.--"Original letters
relative to the English Reformation" (Parker Soc.), pp. 272-274.

M700 Lady Jane Grey proclaimed queen, 10 July, 1553.

1364 Grey Friars Chron., pp. 78, 79.

M701 Queen Mary proclaimed, 19 July.

1365 Wriothesley, ii, 88-90.

M702 Northumberland sent to the Tower, 25 July.

1366 Letter Book R, fo. 262b; Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 68.

1367 Wriothesley, ii, 90, 91; Grey Friars Chron., p. 81.

M703 Queen Mary enters the city. 3 Aug.

1368 Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 69.

1369 -_Id._, fo. 70b.

1370 Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 69b.

1371 Wriothesley, 93-95.

1372 Chron. of Q. Jane and Q. Mary, p. 14; Wriothesley, ii, 95.

M704 Mary releases the bishops and restores the mass. M705 Disturbances in the city.

1373 Grey Friars Chron., p. 83; Wriothesley, ii, 96-98.

1374 Chron. of Q. Jane and Q. Mary, p. 24.

1375 Letter Book R, fo. 270; Journal 16, fo. 261b.

1376 Wriothesley, ii, 99, 100; Holinshed, iv, 3.

M706 Election of Thomas White mayor, 29 Sept., 1553.

1377 Citizen and Merchant Taylor. Son of William White, of Reading, and
formerly of Rickmansworth. Founder of St. John's College, Oxford,
and principal benefactor of Merchant Taylors' School. Alderman of
Cornhill Ward; when first elected alderman he declined to accept
office and was committed to Newgate for contumacy (Letter Book Q,
fo. 109b; Repertory 11, fo. 80b). Sheriff 1547. Knighted at
Whitehall 10 Dec., 1553 (Wriothesley, ii, 105). His first wife,
Avice (surname unknown), died 26 Feb., 1588, and was buried in the
church of St. Mary Aldermary. He afterwards married Joan, daughter
of John Lake and widow of Sir Ralph Warren, twice Mayor of London.
_Ob._ 11 Feb., 1566, at Oxford, aged 72.--Clode, "Early Hist. Guild
of Merchant Taylors," pt. ii, chaps. x-xii; Machyn's Diary, pp. 167,
330, 363.

M707 The queen's coronation, 1 Oct.

1378 Journal 16, fo. 261; Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 74b.

1379 Grey Friars Chron., p. 84.

M708 Mary's first parliament, Oct.-Nov., 1553.

1380 Met in October, 1553. The names of the city's representatives are
not recorded. The Court of Aldermen, according to a custom then
prevalent, authorized the city chamberlain to make a gift of L6
13_s._ 4_d._ to Sir John Pollard, the Speaker, "for his lawfull
favor to be borne and shewed in the parlyment howse towardes this
cytie and theyre affayres theire."--Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 92.

M709 Trial at the Guildhall of Lady Jane Grey, Cranmer and others, Nov.,
1553.

1381 Grey Friars Chron., p. 85; Wriothesley, ii, 104; Chron. Q. Jane and
Q. Mary, p. 32. There is preserved in the British Museum a small
manual of prayers believed to have been used by Lady Jane Grey on
the scaffold. The tiny volume (Harl. MS., 2342) measures only 3-1/2
inches by 2-3/4 inches, and contains on the margin lines addressed
to Sir John Gage, lieutenant of the Tower, and to her father, the
Duke of Suffolk.

M710 Outbreak of Wyatt's Rebellion. Jan., 1554.

1382 Journal 16, fo. 283.

1383 Chron. of Q. Jane and Q. Mary, 35.

1384 Wriothesley, ii, 106.

M711 The city put into a state of defence.

1385 Repertory 13, pt. i, fos. 116, 116b, 117, 117b, 119-122b.

1386 Wriothesley, ii, 107.

M712 The queen's speech at the Guildhall, 1 Feb., 1554.

1387 Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 121.

1388 Foxe's "Acts and Monuments," vi, 414-415; Holinshed, iv, 16.

1389 Holinshed, iv, 15.

1390 Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 124.

M713 A force of 1,000 men raised in the city.

1391 Wriothesley, iii, 109.

1392 Stow.

M714 Wyatt and his followers before Ludgate. M715 Wyatt made prisoner and lodged in the Tower.

1393 Foxe's "Acts and Monuments," vi, 415.

1394 Grey Friars Chron., p. 87.

1395 Chron. of Q. Jane and Q. Mary, p. 43; Wriothesley, iii, 107, 108.

1396 Grey Friars Chron., p. 87.

M716 Execution of Lady Jane Grey, Wyatt and others.

1397 Machyn, 45. The gibbets remained standing till the following June,
when they were taken down in anticipation of Philip's public entry
into London.--Chron. of Q. Jane and Q. Mary, 76.

1398 Grey Friars Chron., p. 89.

M717 Measures for preserving the peace.

1399 Journal 16, fo. 283; Letter Book R, fo. 288.

1400 Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 131.

M718 The lord mayor before the Star Chamber.

1401 Holinshed, iv, 26.

1402 Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 153; Letter Book R, fo. 293.

M719 Demand of money from the city, 1554.

1403 Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 130; Journal 16, fo. 284b.

1404 Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 138b.

1405 -_Id._, fos. 142b, 146b.

1406 -_Id._, fo. 147.

M720 Trial at the Guildhall of Nicholas Throckmorton, 17 April.

1407 Wriothesley, ii, 115.

1408 Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 186b.

1409 -_Id._, fo. 190b.

1410 Howell's "State Trials," i, 901, 902; Chron. of Q. Jane and Q. Mary,
p. 75.

M721 The queen's marriage, July, 1554.

1411 It sat from 2 April until 5 May.--Wriothesley, ii, 114, 115. The city
returned the same members that had served in the last parliament of
Edward VI, namely, Martin Bowes, Broke the Recorder, John Marsh and
John Blundell.

1412 Journal 16, fo. 295b.

1413 Repertory 13, pt. i, fos. 165, 166, 166b, 170.

M722 The passage of the king and queen through the city, 19 Aug.

1414 Chron. of Q. Jane and Q. Mary, p. 77.

1415 -_Id._, p. 78.

1416 Journal 16, fo. 263.

1417 Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 191. A full account of the pageants, etc.,
will be found in John Elder's letter.--Chron. of Q. Jane and Q. Mary,
Appendix X.

1418 Chron. of Q. Jane and Q. Mary, pp. 78-79.

M723 The reconciliation with Rome, 1554.

1419 Martin Bowes, of the old members, alone continued to sit for the
city, the places of the other members being taken by Ralph
Cholmeley, who had succeeded Broke as Recorder; Richard Grafton, the
printer; and Richard Burnell.

1420 Chron. of Q. Jane and Q. Mary, 82; Wriothesley, 122.

1421 Repertory 13, part i, fo. 111b.

1422 -_Id._, fo. 193.

1423 Journal 16, fo. 300. Bishop Braybroke, nearly two centuries before,
had done all he could to put down marketing within the sacred
precincts, and to render "Paul's Walk"--as the great nave of the
cathedral was called--less a scene of barter and frivolity.

1424 Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 251b.

1425 In 1558, a man convicted of breaking this law was ordered to ride
through the public market places of the city, his face towards the
horse's tail, with a piece of beef hanging before and behind him,
and a paper on his head setting forth his offence.--Repertory 13, fo.
12b.

1426 Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 193; Letter Book S, fo. 119b.

M724 Opposition to the reestablishment of the old religion.

1427 Journal 16, fo. 285b; Letter Book R, fo. 290b; Repertory 13, pt. i,
fo. 147; Wriothesley, ii, 114.

1428 Grey Friars Chron., p. 89.

1429 -_Id._, p. 95.

1430 -_Id._, _ibid._

1431 -_Id._, p. 78n.

M725 The Marian persecution, 1555.

1432 Journal 16, fo. 321b.

1433 Wriothesley, ii, 126; Grey Friars Chron., p. 94.

1434 Wriothesley, ii, 126n; Grey Friars Chron., pp. 56, 57, 95.

1435 Foxe's "Acts and Monuments," vi, 717, 737, 740, vii, 114, 115.

1436 "Item the vth day of September [1556], was browte thorrow Cheppesyde
teyd in ropes xxiijti tayd together as herreytkes, and soo unto the
Lowlers tower."--Grey Friars Chron., p. 98.

M726 Renewed opposition to strangers in the city.

1437 "At this time [Aug., 1554] there was so many Spanyerdes in London
that a man shoulde have mett in the stretes for one Inglisheman
above iiij Spanyerdes, to the great discomfort of the Inglishe
nation. The halles taken up for Spanyerdes."--Chron. Q. Jane and Q.
Mary, p. 81.

1438 -_Id._, _ibid_.

1439 Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 205b.

1440 By an order in council, dated Greenwich, 13 March, 1555, the
merchants of the Steelyard were thenceforth to be allowed to buy
cloth in warehouses adjoining the Steelyard, without hindrance from
the mayor. The mayor was ordered to give up cloth that had been
seized as foreign bought and sold at Blackwell Hall. He was,
moreover, not to demand _quotam salis_ of the merchants, who were to
be allowed to import into the city fish, corn and other provisions
free of import.--Repertory 13, pt. ii, fo. 384b; Letter Book S, fo.
76.

1441 Repertory 13, pt. ii, fos. 399b, 404, 406; Letter Book S, fos. 70,
93b.

1442 Repertory 13, pt. ii, fo. 508b.

1443 Wheeler's "Treatise of Commerce" (ed. 1601), p. 100.

1444 Repertory 13, pt. ii, fos. 507b, 520b, 540.

1445 Repertory 13, pt. ii, fo. 529.

1446 -_Id._, fo. 526b.

1447 -_Id._, fo. 534b.

M727 Philip leaves England, 4 Sept., 1555. M728 The queen obtains a City loan of L6,000, Aug., 1556. M729 War declared against France, 7 June, 1557.

1448 Repertory 13, pt. ii, fo. 420.

1449 Stafford had issued a proclamation from Scarborough Castle
declaiming against Philip for introducing 12,000 foreigners into the
country, and announcing himself as protector and governor of the
realm. He was captured by the Earl of Westmoreland and executed on
Tower Hill 28 May.--Journal 17, fo. 34b; Letter Book S, fo. 127b;
Holinshed. iv, 87; Machyn's Diary, p. 137.

1450 Journal 17, fo. 37b; Letter Book S, fo. 131.

1451 Journal 17, fos. 37b, 38; Letter Book S, fo. 131b.

1452 Machyn, p. 142.

M730 A City contingent joins the expedition to France.

1453 Repertory 13, pt. ii, fo. 517.

1454 "London fond v.c. men all in bluw cassokes, sum by shyppes and sum
to Dover by land, the goodlyst men that ever whent, and best be-sene
in change (of) apprelle."--Diary, p. 143.

1455 Merchant Taylor, son of William Offley, of Chester; alderman of
Portsoken and Aldgate Wards. Was one of the signatories to the
document nominating Lady Jane Grey successor to Edward VI, and was
within a few weeks (1 Aug.) elected sheriff. Knighted with alderman
William Chester, 7 Feb., 1557. His mansion-house was in Lime
Street, near the Church of St. Andrew Undershaft. _Ob._ 29 Aug,
1582.--Machyn, pp. 125, 353; Index to Remembrancia, p. 37, note.
Fuller, who erroneously places his death in 1580, describes him as
the "Zaccheus of London" not "on account of his low stature, but his
great charity in bestowing half of his estate on the poor."--Fuller's
"Worthies," p. 191.

1456 Repertory 13, pt. ii, fos. 521b, 522; Letter Book S, fo. 134.

M731 The City called upon to furnish another contingent of 1,000 men, 31
July.

1457 Journal 17, fo. 54b.

M732 The citizens make demur, but in vain.

1458 Repertory 13, pt. ii, fo. 530.

1459 Repertory 13, pt. ii, fos. 530, 532, 522b, 535; Journal 17, fo. 54.

M733 The French king defeated at St. Quentin, 27 Aug., 1557.

1460 Machyn, p. 147.

M734 The loss of Calais, 7 Jan., 1558. M735 A city force despatched, 24 Jan., 1558.

1461 Repertory 13, pt. ii, fo. 571.

1462 Journal 17, fo. 55. See Appendix. They were ordered in the first
instance to be forwarded to Dover by the 19th Jan. at the latest,
but on the 6th Jan. the Privy Council sent a letter to the mayor to
the effect that "albeit he was willed to send the vc men levied in
London to Dover, forasmuch as it is sithence considered here that
they may with best speede be brought to the place of service by
seas, he is willen to sende them with all speede by hoyes to
Queenburgh, where order is given for the receavinge and placing of
them in the shippes, to be transported with all speede
possible."--Harl. MS. 643, fo. 198; Notes to Machyn's Diary, p. 362.

1463 Journal 17, fo. 56.

1464 Wriothesley, ii, 140.

1465 Order of the Court of Aldermen, 10 Jan.--Repertory 13, pt. ii, fo.
582.

1466 Repertory 13, pt. ii, fo. 582b; Precept to the Companies.--Journal
17, fo. 56b.

1467 Journal 17, fo. 57. So furious was this storm, lasting four or five
days, that "some said that the same came to passe through
necromancie, and that the diuell was raised vp and become French,
the truth whereof is known (saith Master Grafton) to
God."--Holinshed, iv, 93.

1468 Journal 17, fo. 7.

1469 Repertory 14, fo. 1b; Journal 17, fo. 58; Machyn, 164.

1470 Journal 17, fos. 59, 59b; Letter Book S, fos. 154b, 155.

M736 A city loan of L20,000, March, 1558.

1471 Cal. State Papers Dom. (1547-1580), p. 100; Wriothesley, ii, 140,
141.

1472 Stat. 5 and 6, Edward VI, c. 20, which repealed Stat. _37_, Henry
VIII, c. 9 (allowing interest to be taken on loans at the rate of
ten per cent.) and forbade all usury. This Statute was afterwards
repealed (Stat. 13, Eliz., c. 8) and the Statute of Henry VIII
re-enacted. The dispensation granted by Mary was confirmed in 1560
by Elizabeth.--Repertory 14, fo. 404b.

1473 Repertory 14, fo. 15b; Journal 17, fo. 63. A large portion of this
loan was repaid by Elizabeth soon after her accession.--Repertory 14,
fos. 236b, 289.

M737 Death of Mary, 17 Nov., 1558.

1474 Repertory 14, fos. 94b, 96b.

M738 The ascension of Elizabeth, 17 Nov., 1558.

1475 The commemoration was eventually put down by the Stuarts as giving
rise to tumults and disorders.--Journal 49, fo. 270b; Luttrell's
Diary, 17 Nov., 1682.

1476 Son of Roger Leigh, of Wellington, co. Salop, an apprentice of Sir
Rowland Hill, whose niece, Alice Barker, he married. Buried in the
Mercers' Chapel. By his second son, William, he was ancestor of the
Lords Leigh, of Stoneleigh, and by his third son William,
grandfather of Francis Leigh, Earl of Chichester.--Notes to Machyn's
Diary, p. 407.

1477 "The order of the sheryfes at the receyvyng of the quenes highenes
in to Myddlesex."--Letter Book S, fo. 183; Repertory 14, fo. 90b.

M739 The queen's coronation, 15 Jan., 1559.

1478 Letter Book S, fo. 182b; Journal 7, fo. 101b.

1479 Repertory 14, fos. 97, 98.

1480 -_Id._, fo. 99.

1481 -_Id._, fo. 102b.

M740 A strike among the painters.

1482 Repertory 14, fo. 103b.

M741 Elizabeth's policy of moderation, 1558.

1483 Dated 27 Dec., 1558.--Journal 17, fo. 106b.

M742 The Act of Uniformity and Supremacy, 1558. M743 The restoration of the Prayer Book and abolition of the Mass, 1559.

1484 Wriothesley, ii, 145.

1485 -_Id._ _ibid_.

1486 Repertory 4, fo. 213b.

M744 Ultra-Protestant reformers in the city, 1559.

1487 Journal 17, fos. 120b, 168; Repertory 14, fo. 152; Letter Book T,
fo. 82b.

1488 "In some places the coapes, vestments, and aulter clothes, bookes,
banners, sepulchers and other ornaments of the churches were burned,
which cost above L2,000 renuinge agayne in Queen Maries time"
(Wriothesley, ii, 146; _Cf._ Machyn, p. 298). Among the churchwarden
accounts of the parish of St. Mary-at-Hill for the year 1558-1559
there is a payment of one shilling for "bringing down ymages to
Romeland (near Billingsgate) to be burnt."

1489 Proclamation, dated 19 Sept., 1559.--Journal 17, fo. 267; Letter Book
T, fo. 5b.

M745 The claims of Mary Stuart, 1559-1560.

1490 Journal 17, fo. 184b.

1491 Proclamation, dated 24 March, 1560.--Journal 17, fo. 223b.

1492 In April the city was called upon to furnish 900 soldiers, in May
250 seamen, and in June 200 soldiers.--Repertory 14, fos. 323, 336,
339b, 340, 340b, 344b; Journal 17, fos. 238b, 244. It is noteworthy
that the number of able men in the city at this time serviceable for
war, although untrained, was estimated to amount to no more than
5,000.--Journal 17, fo. 244b.

M746 The French war, 1562-1564.

1493 Journal 18, fos. 57-60b. The livery companies furnished the men
according to allotment. The barber-surgeons claimed exemption by
statute (32 Henry VIII, c. 42), but subsequently consented to waive
their claim. The city also objected to supplying the soldiers with
cloaks.--Repertory 15, fos. 110b, 113.

1494 Journal 18, fo. 66; Machyn, pp. 292, 293.

1495 Journal 18, fo. 71.

M747 Soldiers for the defence of Havre. 1563.

1496 The queen to the mayor and corporation of London, 30 June,
1563.--Journal 18, fo. 124.

1497 Repertory 15, fo. 258.

1498 -_Id._, fo. 259.

1499 -_Id._, fo. 263.

1500 The queen to the mayor, 2 Aug., 1563.--Journal 18, fo. 140. Precept
of the mayor.--_Id._, fo. 136; Repertory 15, fo. 279b; Machyn's
Diary, p. 312.

1501 Journal 18, fo. 128.

1502 -_Id._, fo. 119b.

1503 Repertory 15, fo. 265b.

M748 The loss of Havre, July, 1563.

1504 Machyn, 312.

1505 Journal 18, fos. 139, 139b, 142, 151b, 152b, 154, 156b, 184, 189b.
With the sickness was associated, as was so often the case, a
scarcity of food.--Repertory 15, fos. 127, 133b, 138, 168, 178, 179b,
etc. The rate of mortality increased to such an extent that a
committee was appointed for the purpose of procuring more burial
accommodation.--Repertory 15, fos. 311b, 313b, 333.

1506 Proclamation dated 1 Aug., 1563.--Journal 18, fo. 141.

M749 Peace between England and France signed, 13 April, 1564.

1507 Repertory 15, fo. 284b.

1508 Journal 18, fo. 249.

1509 -_Id._, fo. 190b.

1510 Journal 18, fos. 214, 215, 227, 291b, 354b; Holinshed, iv, 224.

M750 The restoration of St. Paul's Cathedral, 1561-1565.

1511 Journal 17, fos. 320, 321, 331b; Letter Book T, fos. 42, 42b;
Repertory 14, fo. 491b. The fire caused by the lightning threatened
the neighbouring shops, and their contents were therefore removed to
Christchurch, Newgate and elsewhere for safety.--Journal 17, fo.
319b; Letter Book T, fo. 42.

1512 Repertory 15, fos. 474, 478.

1513 Repertory 16, fos. 227, 241b, 274; Letter Book V, fo. 108b.

1514 Repertory 16, fos. 303b, 448. Among the Chamber Accounts of this
period we find an item of a sum exceeding L4 paid for "Cusshens to
be occupied at Powles by my L. Maior and thaldermen, vz:--for cloth
for the uttorside lyning of leather feathers and for making of theym
as by a bill appearth."--Chamber Accounts, Town Clerk's Office, vol.
i, fo. 50b.

M751 Sir Thomas Gresham and the City Burse. 1565-1566.

1515 Journal 13, fos. 417, 420, 435, 442b, 443.

1516 Cotton MS., Otho E, x. fo. 45; _Cf._ Burgon's "Life of Gresham," i,
31-33.

1517 Journal 14, fos. 124, 124b.

1518 By Sir Richard's first wife Audrey, daughter of William Lynne, of
Southwick, co. Northampton. Sir Thomas is supposed to have been born
in London in 1519. Having been bound apprentice to his uncle, Sir
John Gresham, he was admitted to the freedom of the Mercers' Company
in 1543. Married Anne, daughter of William Ferneley, of West
Creting, co. Suffolk, widow of William Read, mercer.

1519 The queen's business kept him so much abroad that her majesty wrote
to the Common Council (7 March, 1563) desiring that he might be
discharged from all municipal duties.--Journal 18, fo. 137.

1520 Printed in Burgon's "Life of Gresham," i, 409.

1521 Repertory 15, fo. 237b.

1522 Burgon, ii, 30-40.

1523 Repertory 15, fos. 406b, 407.

M752 Difficulties of obtaining a site.

1524 Repertory 15, fos. 410b, 412.

1525 -_Id._, fos. 417b, 431.

1526 Repertory 16, fos. 31b, 32b, 43b; Letter Book V, fos. 5, 7b, 8, 17,
21b.

1527 The amount of subscriptions and charges is set out in a "booke" and
entered on the City's Journal (No. 19, fos. 12-20; _Cf._ Letter Book
V, fos. 70b-79); see also Repertory 16, fo. 126.

1528 Journal 18. fo. 398.

M753 Strong foreign element in connection with the building of the first
Burse.

1529 Repertory 16, fo. 316.

1530 Repertory 16, fo. 406b.

1531 Repertory 15, fo. 268b.

1532 Repertory 16, fo. 229.

M754 The Burse opened by Q. Elizabeth, 23 Jan., 1571. M755 Wanton damage done to the new Burse.

1533 "A proclamacioun concernyng the cutting of the crest conyzans and
mantell of the arms of Sr Thomas Gresham."--Journal 19, fo. 150b;
Letter Book V, fo. 222.

1534 Journal 20, pt. ii, fo. 341.

M756 Insurance business carried on at the Royal Exchange.

1535 Repertory 18, fo. 362.

1536 "Law and Practice of Marine Insurance," by John Duer, LL.D. (New
York, 1845), Lecture ii, p. 33.

1537 At the present day the form of policy used at Lloyds and commonly
called the "Lloyd's policy" contains the following clause:--"and it
is agreed by us the insurers, that this writing or policy of
assurance shall be of as much force and effect as the surest writing
or policy of assurance heretofore made in Lombard Street or in the
Royal Exchange or elsewhere in London."--Arnould, "Marine Insurance"
(6th ed.), i, 230.

1538 Repertory 18, fo. 362b.

1539 Cal. State Papers Dom. (1547-1580), p. 523.

1540 Repertory 19, fos. 166b, 168.

1541 The reader is here reminded that there is an essential difference
between life policies and fire or marine policies of assurance. The
latter, being policies of indemnity, recovery can be had at law only
to the extent of the actual damage done, whereas in life policies
the whole amount of the policy can be recovered.

M757 Music and football at the Exchange.

1542 Repertory 17, fo. 300.

1543 Repertory 19, fo. 150.

M758 Gresham College and Lectures.

1544 Cal. Wills, Court of Hust., London, ii, 698.

1545 Printed Report "Gresham College Trust," 29 Oct., 1885.

M759 The Act of Uniformity strictly enforced, 1565. M760 Gresham's hospitality to Cardinal Chastillon, 1568.

1546 A return made in 1567 by the livery companies of foreigners residing
in the city and liberties gives the number as 3,562.--Repertory 16,
fo. 202. Another authority gives the number as 4,851, of which 3,838
were Dutch.--Burgon's "Life of Gresham," ii, 242, citing Haynes, p.
461.

1547 Burgon's "Life of Gresham," ii, 271-275.

M761 The city crowded with refugees from the continent.

1548 Repertory 16, fo. 164.

1549 Journal 19, fo. 116.

1550 Precept of the mayor to that effect, 19 Oct., 1568.-_Id._, fo. 132b.

1551 Repertory 16, fo. 451.

1552 Journal 19, fo. 180; Letter Book V, fo. 245.

1553 Letter Book V, fo. 246. Holinshed (iv, 234) and others give the
whole credit of providing the cemetery to the liberality of Sir
Thomas Rowe, the mayor.

M762 The Prince of Orange receives substantial assistance from the
citizens.

1554 Proclamation (15 July, 1568) against suspected persons landing in
England or returning "with any furniture for mayntenaunce of ther
rebellion or other lyke cryme" against the King of Spain.--Journal
18, fo. 115; _Cf._ Letter Book V, fos. 181, 246b.

1555 Green, "Hist. of the English People," ii, 418.

M763 The decline of Antwerp London's opportunity. M764 The queen applies to the merchant adventurers for a loan.

1556 Repertory 15, fos. 162, 164, 166b, 241b, 258, 267b, 297, etc.

1557 Strype, Stow's "Survey" (ed. 1720), bk. i, p. 283.

M765 The first public lottery, 1567-1569.

1558 Journal II, fo. 253.

1559 Journal 19, fos. 55-58; Letter Book V, fos. 115b-117b.

1560 Price's "London Bankers" (enlarged edition), p. 51.

1561 Letter Book V, fo. 139.

1562 Cal. State Papers Dom. (1547-1580), p. 314.

1563 Clode, "Early Hist. of the Guild of Merchant Taylors," pt. ii, pp.
229-230.

1564 Journal 19, fo. 133b.

1565 Holinshed, iv, 234.

1566 "Mesmes j'entendz que de la blanque, qu'on a tiree ces jours passes
en ceste ville, ceste Royne retirera pour elle plus de cent mille
livres esterlin, qui sont 33,000 escuz; de quoy le monde murumre
asses pour la diminution qu'ilz trouvent aulx benefices qu'ilz
esperoient de leurs billetz"--wrote De la Motlie Fenelon, the French
ambassador in London.--Cooper's "Recueil des Depeches, etc., des
Ambassadeurs de France (Paris and London, 1838-1840)," i, 155.

M766 English merchants in Antwerp arrested by order of Alva, 1568. M767 Elizabeth retaliates by seizing treasure on board Spanish vessels.

1567 Proclamation, 6 Jan., 1569.--Journal 19, fo. 139; Letter Book V, fo.
210.

1568 See letter from Sir Arthur Champernowne, William Hawkins and others
to the lords of the council. 1 Jan., 1569.--Cal. State Papers Dom.
(1547-1580), p. 326.

M768 Order to seize Flemish merchants and their goods in London, Jan.,
1569.

1569 Cal. State Papers Dom. (1547-1580), p. 326.

1570 Cotton MS., Galba C, iii, fo. 151b. This letter was signed by John
Gresham, Thomas Offley, John White, Roger Martyn, Leonell Duckett,
Thomas Heaton, Richard Wheler, Thomas Aldersey and Francis Beinson.

1571 Citizen and Merchant Taylor: Alderman of the Wards of Portsoken and
Bishopsgate; Sheriff, 1560-61. _Ob._ 2 Sept., 1570. Buried in
Hackney Church. He bestowed the sum of L100 for the relief of
members of his company "usinge the brode shire or ell rowinge of the
pearch or making of garmentes" during his lifetime, and some landed
estate in the city by his will for like purpose.--Letter Book V, fo.
274b; Cal. of Wills, Court of Husting, ii, 686.

1572 Letter printed (from original among State Papers Dom.) in Burgon's
"Life of Gresham," ii, 287.

M769 Alva's envoy demands restitution.

1573 Sir Thomas Rowe, mayor, to Secretary Cecil. 23 Jan., 1569.--Cal.
State Papers Dom. (1547-1580), p. 329; Burgon's "Life of Gresham,"
ii, 295-296.

1574 -_Id._, 25 Jan.

1575 Cooper's "Depeches, etc., des Ambassadeurs de France," i, 176-177.

1576 Burgon's "Life of Gresham," ii, 297.

M770 Gresham suggests minting the Spanish treasure, 14 Aug., 1569.

1577 Lansd. MS., No. xii, fo. 16b.

1578 -_Id._, fo. 22.

M771 The City Courts closed to Spanish suitors, 11 July, 1570.

1579 Repertory 17, fo. 36b.

M772 Failure of efforts to effect a mutual restoration of goods seized. M773 Spanish goods ordered to be sold. M774 The respective claims of England and Spain referred to arbitration.

1580 Journal 19, fo. 247b; Letter Book V, fo. 301.

1581 Journal 19, fo. 257.

1582 -_Id._, fo. 390b.

1583 Journal 19, fo. 390b.

1584 Add. MS., No. 5, 755, fo. 58.

M775 Insurrection of the Earls of Northumberland and Westmoreland, 1569.

1585 In the following year he was removed to the Charterhouse, but being
discovered in correspondence with the deposed Queen of Scots was
again placed in the Tower. He was tried and convicted of treason,
and after some delay executed on Tower Hill.--Holinshed, iv, 254,
262, 264, 267.

1586 The proclamation, which is set out in Journal 19, fo. 202b (_Cf._
Letter Book V, fo. 267b), gives in detail the rise and progress of
the rebellion.

M776 Measures taken for safe-guarding the city.

1587 Journal 19, fo. 202; Letter Book V, fo. 267.

1588 Journal 19, fo. 202; Letter Book V, fo. 267.

1589 Letter Book V, fo. 269.

1590 Journal 19, fo. 206b; Letter Book V, fo. 270b; Repertory 16, fo.
522b.

M777 Papal Bull of excommunication against Elizabeth, 1570.

1591 Holinshed, iv, 254.

M778 Rejoicing in the city after the battle of Lepanto, 7 Oct., 1571.

1592 -_Id._, 262.

1593 From Hertfordshire, alderman of Billingsgate Ward.

1594 Dated 8 Nov.--Journal 19, fo. 370b.

1595 Holinshed, iv, 263.

1596 Repertory 17, fos. 8b, 23, 27b, 29. 243, etc.; Repertory 19, fos.
24b, 154, etc.; City Records known as "Remembrancia" (Analytical
Index), pp. 51-55.

M779 Peace and commercial prosperity, 1572.

1597 Stranger denizens, carrying on a handicraft in the city, had
recently preferred a Bill in Parliament against several of the
livery companies. They were persuaded, however, to drop it, and
refer their grievance to the Court of Aldermen.--Repertory 17, fos.
302b, 335, 337. A return made by the mayor (10 Nov., 1571) of the
strangers then living in London and Southwark and liberties thereof
gives the total number as 4,631.--Cal. State Papers Dom. (1547-1580),
p. 427.

1598 Repertory 17, fo. 372.

M780 The shifting policy of Elizabeth towards Spain and France,
1572-1574.

1599 Journal 19, fos. 407-408b, 417-417b; Repertory 17, fos. 292, 298b,
307, 308.

1600 Journal 20, pt. i, fos. 133b, 143b; Repertory 18, fo. 224b.

1601 Journal 20, pt. i, fo. 156b.

M781 Piracy rampant, 1575-1576.

1602 Journal 20, pt. i, fo. 252; _Id._, pt. ii, fo. 280b.

M782 A loan ofL30,000, June, 1575. M783 A city Chamberlain dismissed from office.

1603 Journal 20, pt. i, fos. 228b, 239.

1604 Repertory 19, fo. 98.

1605 Journal 20, pt. ii, fo. 371.

1606 He was removed by order of Common Council, 13 Dec., _pre diversis
magnis rebus dictam civitatem et negotia ejusdem
tangentibus_.--Journal 20, pt. ii, fo. 376b.

M784 The city called upon to furnish soldiers, 1578.

1607 Journal 20, pt. ii, fos. 388b, 389, 394-395b. The queen to the
mayor, etc., of London, 12 March.--Cal. State Papers Dom.
(1547-1580), p. 586.

1608 Journal 20, pt. ii, fo. 409b.

1609 -_Id._, fos. 404, 408b, 412.

1610 Repertory 19, fo. 346b.

M785 Count Casimir at Gresham House, Jan., 1579. M786 Death of Sir Thomas Gresham, 21 Nov., 1579. M787 Count Casimir presented by the city with a gift of 500 marks.

1611 This conjecture is made from the fact of a precept having been
issued on the 20th Jan. for certain persons to furnish themselves
with velvet coats, chains and horses, and a suitable suite, to wait
upon the lord mayor on the following Saturday.--Journal 20, pt. ii,
fo. 404b.

1612 Burgon's "Life of Gresham," ii, 451-452.

1613 Journal 20, pt. ii, fos. 464, 480.

1614 Continuation of Holinshed, iv, 315.

M788 The plague in the city, 1580-1583.

1615 City Records known as "Remembrancia" (Printed Analytical Index), pp.
306, 330, 331, 350-352; Journal 20, pt. ii, fos. 373, 379, 407.

1616 Remembrancia (Index), pp. 207, 331, 334; Journal 21, fo. 235b.

1617 Remembrancia, vol. i, No. 331.

M789 Preparations for war. M790 Troubles in Ireland, 1579-1583.

1618 A reference to this defeat is to be found in the Dublin Assembly
Roll under the year 1581.--"Cal. of Ancient Records of Dublin" (ed.
by John T. Gilbert, 1891), ii, 155.

1619 Bright, "Hist. of England," ii, 539.

1620 Journal 21, fos. 19, 34, 52, 53, 69b-71b, 78b, etc.; Repertory 20,
fos. 90, 117, 117b, 119b, etc.; Remembrancia (Analytical Index), pp.
230-236.

1621 Journal 21, fo. 329b.

1622 Among Chamber Accounts _circa_ 1585 we find the following:--"Pd. the
x of Dec. by order of Courte to Roger Warffeld Treasuror of
Bridewell towards the conveyinge of all the Irishe begging people in
and nere London to the Citie of Bristowe v1."--Chamber Accounts, Town
Clerk's Office, vol. ii, fo. 17.

M791 The Jesuits in the city, 1580-1581.

1623 Repertory 16, fo. 350.

1624 Repertory 18, fo. 167.

1625 Journal 20, fo. 219b.

1626 Journal 21, fo. 81b; Repertory 20, fo. 1b.

M792 The Recusancy Laws, 1581.

1627 Journal 21, fo. 90.

1628 -_Id._, fos. 114b, 135, 290, 322.