Chapter I: Front Matter

A schedule of training and instruction covering a given period and suitable to the local conditions that obtain in any given school or command, can be readily arranged by looking over the TABLE OF CONTENTS, and selecting therefrom such subjects as it is desired to use, the number and kind, and the time to be devoted to each, depending upon the time available, and climatic and other conditions.

It is suggested that, for the sake of variety, in drawing up a program of instruction and training, when practicable a part of each day or a part of each drill time, be devoted to theoretical work and a part to practical work, theoretical work, when possible, being followed by corresponding practical work, the practice (the _doing_ of a thing) thus putting a clincher, as it were, on the theory (the explaining of a thing). The theoretical work, for example, could be carried on in the forenoon and the practical work in the afternoon, or the theoretical work could be carried on from, say, 8 to 9:30 a. m., and the practical work from 9:30 to 10:30 or 11 a. m.

Attention is invited to the completeness of the Index, whereby one is enabled to locate at once any point covered in the book.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The author wishes to acknowledge the assistance received in the revision of this Manual in the form of suggestions from a large number of officers on duty at our military schools and colleges, suggestions that enabled him not only to improve the Manual in subject-matter as well as in arrangement, but that have also enabled him to give our military schools and colleges a textbook which, in a way, may be said to represent the consensus of opinion of our Professors of Military Science and Tactics as to what such a book should embody in both subject-matter and arrangement.

Suggestions received from a number of Professors of Military Science and Tactics show conclusively that local conditions as to average age and aptitude of students, interest taken in military training by the student body, support given by the school authorities, etc., are so different in different schools that it would be impossible to write a book for general use that would, in amount of material, arrangement and otherwise, just exactly fit, in toto, the conditions, and meet the requirements of each particular school.

Therefore, the only practical, satisfactory solution of the problem is to produce a book that meets _all_ the requirements of the strictly military schools, where the conditions for military training and instruction are the most favorable, and the requirements the greatest, and then let other schools take only such parts of the book as are necessary to meet their own particular local needs and requirements.

"MANUAL OF MILITARY TRAINING" is such a book.

Camp Gaillard, C. Z.,
March 4, 1917.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELUDE

OBJECT AND ADVANTAGES OF MILITARY TRAINING

Par. No.

=Object of:= Setting-Up Exercises, Calisthenics, Facings 1-23
and Marchings, Saluting, Manual of Arms, School of the
Squad, Company Drill, Close Order, Extended Order,
Ceremonies, Discipline--=Advantages:= Handiness,
Self-Control, Loyalty, Orderliness, Self-Confidence,
Self-Respect, Training Eyes, Teamwork, Heeding Law and
Order, Sound Body.

PART I

CHAPTER I. =INFANTRY DRILL REGULATIONS=--Definitions-- 24-710
General Remarks--General Rules for Drills and Formations--
Orders, Commands, and Signals--School of the Soldier--
School of the Squad--School of the Company--School of the
Battalion--Combat--Leadership--Combat Reconnaissance--Fire
Superiority--Fire Direction and Control--Deployment--
Attack--Defense--Meeting Engagements--Machine Guns--
Ammunition Supply--Mounted Scouts--Night Operations--
Infantry Against Cavalry--Infantry Against Artillery--
Artillery Supports--Minor Warfare--Ceremonies--Inspections--
Muster--The Color--Manual of the Saber--Manual of Tent
Pitching--Appendices A and B.

CHAPTER II. =MANUAL OF THE BAYONET=--Nomenclature and 711-824
Description of the Bayonet--Instruction without the
Rifle--Instruction with the Rifle--Instruction without
the Bayonet--Combined Movements--Fencing Exercises--Fencing
at Will--Lessons of the European War--The "Short point"--
The "Jab."

CHAPTER III. =MANUAL OF PHYSICAL TRAINING=--Methods-- 825-860
Commands--Setting-Up Exercises--Rifle Exercises.

CHAPTER IV. =SIGNALING=--General Service Code--Wigwag-- 861-866
The Two-Arm Semaphore Code--Signaling with Heliograph,
Flash Lanterns, and Searchlight--Sound Signals--Morse Code.

PART II

COMPANY COMMAND

CHAPTER I. =GOVERNMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF A 867-909
COMPANY=--Duties and Responsibilities of the Captain and
the Lieutenants--Devolution of Work and
Responsibility--Duties and Responsibilities of the First
Sergeant and other Noncommissioned Officers--Contentment
and Harmony--Efficacious Forms of Company
Punishment--Property Responsibility--Books and Records.

CHAPTER II. =DISCIPLINE=--Definition--Methods of 910-916
Attaining Good Discipline--Importance--Sound Discipline--
Punishment--General Principles.

PART III

MISCELLANEOUS SUBJECTS PERTAINING TO COMPANY
TRAINING AND INSTRUCTION

CHAPTER I. =GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF COMPANY TRAINING AND 917-941
INSTRUCTION=--Object of Training and Instruction--Method
and Progression--Individual Initiative--The Human Element--
Art of Instruction on the Ground--Ocular Demonstration.

CHAPTER II. =GENERAL COMMON SENSE PRINCIPLES OF APPLIED 942-953
MINOR TACTICS=--Art of War Defined--Responsibilities of
Officers and Noncommissioned Officers in War--General
Rules and Principles of Map Problems, Terrain Exercises,
the War Game, and Maneuvers--Estimating the Situation--
Mission.

CHAPTER III. =GENERAL PLAN OF INSTRUCTION IN MAP PROBLEMS 954-958
FOR NONCOMMISSIONED OFFICERS AND PRIVATES--INSTRUCTION
IN DELIVERING MESSAGES.=

CHAPTER IV. =THE SERVICE OF INFORMATION=--General 959-1019
Principles of Patrolling--Sizes of Patrols--Patrol
Leaders--Patrol Formations--Messages and Reports--
Suggestions for Gaining Information about the Enemy--
Suggestions for the Reconnaissance of Various Positions
and Localities--Demolitions--Problems in Patrolling.

CHAPTER V. =THE SERVICE OF SECURITY=--General 1020-1079
principles--Advance Guard--Advance Guard Problems--
Flank Guards--Rear Guard--Outposts--Formation of
Outposts--Outguards--Flags of Truce--Detached Posts--
Examining Posts--Establishing the Outpost--Outpost
Order--Intercommunication--Outpost Problems.

CHAPTER VI. =THE COMPANY ON OUTPOST=--Establishing 1080
the Outpost.

CHAPTER VII. =THE COMPANY IN SCOUTING AND PATROLLING= 1081-1090
--Requisites of a Good Scout--Eyesight and hearing--
Finding Way in Strange Country--What to do when Lost--
Landmarks--Concealment and Dodging--Tracking--The Mouse
and Cat Contest--Flag Stealing Contest.

CHAPTER VIII. =NIGHT OPERATIONS=--Importance--Training 1091-1108
of the Company--Individual Training--Collective
Training--Outposts.

CHAPTER IX. =FIELD ENGINEERING=--Bridges--Corduroying-- 1109-1139
Tascines--Hurdles--Brush Revetment--Gabions--Other
Revetments--Knots--Lashings.

CHAPTER X. =FIELD FORTIFICATIONS=--Object-- 1140-1172
Classification--Hasty Intrenchments--Lying Trench--
Kneeling Trench--Standing Trench--Deliberate
Intrenchments--Fire Trenches--Traverses--Trench
recesses; sortie steps--Parados--Head Cover--Notches
and Loopholes--Cover Trenches--Dugouts--Communicating
Trenches--Lookouts--Supporting Points--Example of Trench
System--Location of Trenches--Concealment of Trenches--
Dummy Trenches--Length of Trench--Preparation of
Foreground--Revetments--Drainage--Water Supply--
Latrines--Illumination of the foreground--Telephones--
Siege Works.

CHAPTER XI. =OBSTACLES=--Object--Necessity for 1173-1193
Obstacles--Location--Abatis--Palisades--Fraises--
Cheveaux de Frise--Obstacles against Cavalry--Wire
Entanglements--Time and Materials--Wire Fence--Military
Pits or Trous de Loup--Miscellaneous Barricades--
Inundations--Obstacles in Front of Outguards--Lessons
from the European War--Wire Cheveaux de Frise--Guarding
Obstacles--Listening Posts--Automatic Alarms--Search
Lights.

CHAPTER XII. =TRENCH AND MINE WARFARE=--Asphyxiating 1194-1211
Gases--Protection against Gases--Liquid Fire--
Grenades--Bombs--Aerial Mines--Winged Torpedoes--Bombs
from Air-Craft--Protection against Hand Grenades--
Tanks--Helmets--Masks--Periscopes--Sniperscopes--Aids
to Firing--Mining--Countermining.

CHAPTER XIII. =MARCHES=--Marching Principal Occupation 1212-1229
of Troops in Campaign-Physical Training Hardening New
Troops--Long Marches Not to Be Made with Untrained
Troops--A Successful March--Preparation--Starting--
Conduct of March--Rate--Marching Capacity--Halts--
Crossing Bridges and Fords--Straggling and Elongation
of Column--Forced Marches--Night Marches--No Compliments
Paid on March--Protection on March--Fitting of Shoes and
Care of Feet.

CHAPTER XIV. =CAMPS=--Selection of Camp Sites-- 1230-1240
Desirable Camp Sites--Undesirable Camp Sites--Form and
Dimensions of Camps--Making Camp--Retreat in Camp--
Parade Ground--Windstorms--Making Tent Poles and Pegs
Fast in Loose Soil--Trees.

CHAPTER XV. =CAMP SANITATION=--Definition--Camp 1241-1255
Expedients--Latrines--Urinal Tubs--Kitchens--Kitchen
Pits--Incinerators--Drainage--Avoiding Old Camp Sites--
Changing Camp Sites--Bunks--Wood--Water--Rules of
Sanitation--Your Camp, Your Home.

CHAPTER XVI. =INDIVIDUAL COOKING=--Making Fire-- 1256-1275
Recipes--Meats--Vegetables--Drinks--Hot Breads--
Emergency Ration.

CHAPTER XVII. =CARE AND PRESERVATION OF CLOTHING AND 1276-1320
EQUIPMENT=--Clothing--Pressing--Removing Stains--
Shoes--Cloth Equipment--Washing--Shelter Tent--Mess
Outfit--Leather Equipment--Points to Be Remembered.

CHAPTER XVIII. =CARE AND DESCRIPTION OF THE RIFLE= 1321-1343
--Importance--Care of Bore--How to Remove Fouling--Care
of Mechanism and Various Parts--How to Apply Oil--Army
Regulation Paragraphs About Rifle--Nomenclature of Rifle.