Chapter XVIII: Appendix: I (2)

DON CARLOS DE BOURBON (1788-1855). Second son of Charles IV. and
brother of Ferdinand VII., King of Spain. He was detained with
his brother at Valençay. At the close of his reign in 1833
Ferdinand abolished the Spanish law of succession and left his
crown to his daughter Isabella. Don Carlos protested, was
banished, returned to Spain in 1834 and began a civil war.
Conquered in 1839 he took refuge first in France, and then in
1847 at Trieste, where he died.

DON FRANCESCO (1794-1865). Infante of Spain, married in 1819 the
Princess Carlotta, daughter of the King of the Two Sicilies and
sister of Queen Christina.

DONNADIEU, Gabriel (1777-1849). A French general. He embraced with
ardour the principles of the Revolution, enrolled himself in
Moreau's Corps d'Armée and remained in it for a long time.
Suspected of conspiracy under the Consulate and the Empire he
passed through several vicissitudes of favour and disgrace. He
rallied to Louis XVIII. who made him a Lieutenant-General.

DORSET, Duke of (1795-1815). He died, childless, as the result of
a fall from his horse. He was the brother of Lady Plymouth. The
title of Earl of Dorset was given to the Sackville family by
Queen Elizabeth.

DORSET, Charles, Viscount Sackville, Duke of (1767-1843). Uncle of
the foregoing and heir to his title. He never married. He was a
very intimate friend of King William IV. of England.

DOSNE, Mme. Mlle. Sophie Eurydice Matheron married M. Dosne, an
Agent de Change, in 1816. She was born in 1788. Her parents kept
a wholesale drapery establishment in the Faubourg Montmartre.

DOUGLAS, Marquis of (1811-1863). Afterwards Duke of Hamilton. In
1843 he married Princess Maria of Baden. He died at Paris as the
result of an accident.

DROUET D'ERLON (1765-1844). Marshal of France. He joined the army
under the Republic and took part in the Campaigns of the Empire.
He was one of the first to recognise Napoleon on his return from
Elba, and commanded the first Corps d'Armée during the Hundred
Days. He fought at Waterloo, and was condemned in his absence.
He found an asylum in Prussia, and did not resume his service in
France until 1830. In 1834 he was made Governor of Algeria.

DUCHATEL, Charles Tanneguy, Comte (1803-1867). A French
politician. He was successively Councillor of State, Deputy, and
Minister. He was a member of the Académie des Sciences morales
et politiques.

DUNCANNON, John William (1781-1847). Married in 1805 Mary,
daughter of Lord Westmorland. He held advanced Liberal views,
and was in 1834 Member of Lord Melbourne's Ministry as Home
Secretary. He was raised to the Peerage as Lord Bessborough.

DUPERRÉ, Admiral (1775-1846). Distinguished himself early in
action with the English and was made Rear-Admiral and a Baron in
1811. In 1830 he commanded the fleet which conveyed the French
Army to Algeria, and was promoted Admiral and made a Peer of
France. He was several times Minister of Marine.

DUPIN, André Marie (1783-1865). Called Dupin the elder. A French
jurisconsult, magistrate, and deputy. He took an active part in
the election of Louis-Philippe as King of the French. From 1832
till 1840 he was President of the Chamber of Deputies. Under the
Second Empire he was made a Senator.

DUPIN, Pierre Charles François, Baron (1784-1873). The last of the
three Dupins. A French statistician, a member of the Institut
and of the House of Peers, he showed himself equally devoted to
the Orleans Dynasty and to the Charte of 1830.

DURHAM, John Lambton, Earl of (1792-1840). Son-in-law of Lord
Grey. He entered Parliament, where he sat among the advanced
Whigs. In collaboration with Lord John Russell he drafted the
Great Reform Bill of 1831. He was afterwards Ambassador to
Russia and Governor-General of Canada.

DURHAM, Lady (1816-1841). Louisa Elizabeth, daughter of Lord Grey,
and second wife of the Earl of Durham.

E

EASTNOR, Lord (1788-1873). He married in 1815 the daughter of
Lord Hardwicke.

EASTNOR, Lady (died 1873). Daughter of Lord Hardwicke and sister
of Lady Stuart of Rothesay.

EBRINGTON, Hugh, Lord, Earl Fortescue (1783-1861). Entered the
House of Commons early in life. In 1839 he was made a Privy
Councillor and Viceroy of Ireland. He retired in 1850. He was a
consistent Whig.

ELIZABETH, Queen of England (1533-1603). Daughter of Henry VIII.
and Anne Boleyn. She never married, and left the crown to James
I., King of Scotland and son of Mary Stuart.

ELLICE, The Hon. Edward (1787-1863). Son-in-law of Lord Grey. He
was a Member of the House of Commons, and contributed much to
the passage of the Reform Bill. He was Secretary to the Treasury
and Secretary at War. He was a rich merchant and possessed vast
estates in Canada.

ENTRAIGUES, Amédée Goveau d'. Born in 1785. Prefect at Tours
1830-1847. He married a Princess Santa-Croce, whose father had
been concerned in the events of 1798, which resulted in taking
Rome from the Pope and the proclamation of a Republic. This
Prince had made his daughter a ward of Talleyrand, who brought
her up and gave her a dowry.

ENTRAIGUES, Jules d'. Born in 1787, he died at a very advanced
age. He was the brother of the Prefect of Tours, and possessed
in the neighbourhood of Valençay a charming château called _La
Moustière_.

ESCLIGNAC. Duchesse d' (1801-1868). Georgine, daughter of the
Baron Jacques de Talleyrand-Périgord, third brother of the
Prince de Talleyrand and of Charlotte Louise de Puissigneux.

ESTERHAZY, Paul Antoine, Prince (1786-1866). An Austrian
diplomatist who was Ambassador at London during the Conferences
of 1831, and a member of the Batthyany Ministry in Hungary. He
was always a faithful friend of the Duchesse de Dino.

ETIENNE, Charles Guillaume (1777-1845). A French journalist and
dramatist. He became a deputy in 1832, voted with the Liberals,
and in 1839 obtained a seat in the House of Peers.

ETIENNE DE BLOIS, Stephen, King of England (1105-1154). His mother
was a daughter of William the Conqueror. He married the heiress
of the Counts of Boulogne.

EXELMANS, Isidore, Count (1775-1852). One of the most brilliant
generals of the First Empire. Exiled on the return of the
Bourbons he returned to France only in 1823. Made a Peer of
France by Louis-Philippe, he became in 1849 Grand Chancellor of
the Legion of Honour, and in 1851 a Marshal of France. He died
as the result of a fall from his horse.

F

FABRE, François Xavier (1766-1837). A French painter and a pupil
of David. He was intimate at Florence with the Comtesse
d'Albany, widow of the last of the Stuarts, and of Alfieri who
was her second husband.

FAGEL, General Robert. Born in Holland of Dutch parents. He fought
against France in the Wars of the Republic. Under the
Restoration he was appointed Netherlands Ambassador at the
Tuileries.

FALK, Anton Reinhard (1776-1843). A Dutch statesman. He was
Secretary of Legation at Madrid and afterwards Minister of
Foreign Affairs, of Public Instruction, of Commerce, and of the
Colonies. In 1824 he went as Ambassador to London, and after the
separation of Belgium from Holland he became Ambassador at
Brussels, where he died.

FALK, Madame (1792-1851) (Rose, Baroness de Roisin). She was maid
of honour to the Queen of the Netherlands and married M. Falk in
1817. After her husband's death she was appointed "_grande
maîtresse_" of the Princess of Orange, and resigned this
position when the Princess ascended the throne.

FARNBOROUGH, Lord (1761-1838). An intimate friend of Pitt. He was
Postmaster-General.

FERDINAND II., King of the Two Sicilies (1810-1859). He ascended
the throne in 1830, and by his unpopularity brought about the
fall of his dynasty. He was nicknamed "King Bomba."

FERDINAND VII., King of Spain (1784-1833). Eldest son of Charles
IV. and Marie Louise of Parma. In 1808, the very year of his
accession, he was imprisoned at Valençay, but reascended the
throne in 1814.

FERGUSSON, Robert Cutler (1768-1838). An English lawyer and
magistrate. He spent twenty-five years at Calcutta where he made
a large fortune, and in 1826 he returned to England where he
became an ardent supporter of Liberal reforms. In 1830 he took
up the cause of Poland. In 1831 he married Mlle. Auger, a
Frenchwoman by whom he had two children.

FERRETTE, Étienne, Bailli de (1747-1831). In 1767 he was already
Bailli of the Knights of Malta and their Ambassador at Paris. In
1805, when the domains of the Order at Heitersheim were
secularised and incorporated in the Grand Duchy of Baden, the
Baron de Ferrette was indemnified by a pension of 60,000 livres
for life and made Minister of Baden at the Court of Napoleon I.,
and thereafter at that of Louis XVIII. He resigned in 1830. He
had many friends in Paris and was a friend of the Prince de
Talleyrand.

FERRERS, Lady. Married in 1844 Earl Ferrers (1822-1859). She was
called Arabella, and was a daughter of the Marquess of Donegal.

FIESCHI, Joseph (1790-1835). Born at Murano, Corsica, he attempted
the life of Louis-Philippe at Paris during a review on July 28,
1835, by means of an infernal machine which he prepared in a
house about the middle of the Boulevard du Temple. The King and
the Princes escaped, but twenty-two people were wounded and
eighteen killed, among whom was Marshal Mortier, Duc de Trévise,
Minister of War. Fieschi was condemned to death with his two
accomplices Pépin and Morey.

FITZCLARENCE, Lord Adolphus (1802-1856). Third illegitimate son of
King William IV. of England and the actress Mrs. Jordan. He was
a Rear-Admiral and naval aide-de-camp to Queen Victoria.

FITZPATRICK, Richard (1747-1813). He was a British general and
distinguished himself in the American War. He entered Parliament
in 1770, was Secretary to the Duke of Portland, Lord Lieutenant
of Ireland, and in 1783 Secretary at War; he was an attached
friend of Fox.

FITZPATRICK, M. Born in 1809, he married in 1830 the daughter of
Augustus Douglas. He was a Captain in the British Army and a
Member of Parliament.

FITZROY SOMERSET, Lord (1788-1855). Afterwards Lord Raglan.
Younger son of the Earl of Beaufort and aide-de-camp of the Duke
of Wellington, by whose side he lost his right arm at Waterloo.
He died of cholera under Sebastopol where he was
Commander-in-Chief of the British Army.

FITZROY SOMERSET, Lady. Died 1881. She was a daughter of Lord
Wellesley and a niece of the Duke of Wellington, the chief and
friend of Lord Fitzroy Somerset, whom she married in 1814.

FLAHAUT, General Comte de (1785-1870). Aide-de-camp of Napoleon
I., he became a Peer of France under Louis-Philippe and under
Napoleon III. Senator and Ambassador. His family was poor, and
the Prince de Talleyrand had contributed to the cost of his
education.

FLAHAUT, Comtesse de. Died 1867. She was a daughter of Lord Keith
and Nairn, an English Admiral.

FOUCHE, Joseph, Duc d'Otrante (1763-1820). Chief of Police under
the Empire. An able but unscrupulous man without convictions.

FOUGIÈRES, Mlle. de. She married the Marquis Christian de Nicolay.
Her son Antoine married Mlle., de Vogüé and her daughter
Aymardine married Paul de Larges.

FOX, Charles James (1748-1806). One of the greatest of English
orators. He entered Parliament, joined the Opposition, and soon
became the leader of the Whigs. He was a defender of tolerance
and liberty and was favourable to the French Revolution, never
ceasing to advise peace with France.

FRANÇOIS I., King of France (1494-1547). Son of Charles d'Orléans,
Comte d'Angoulême, and of Louise de Savoie, he succeeded in 1515
King Louis XII., whose daughter he had married.

FREDERICK THE GREAT, King of Prussia (1712-1786). Illustrious in
war, he laid the foundations of Prussia's military power. He was
an amateur of letters and prided himself on his philosophic
attainments. He attracted Voltaire to his Court and kept up
correspondence with the Encyclopédistes.

FRIAS, Duc de (1783-1851). Don Bernardino Fernandez Vilano, Comte
de Haro, Duc de Frias, Duc de Meda, Marquis de Villena. From
1796 he served in the _Guardia Volona_ and became a Captain. He
married Doña Marianna de Silva, daughter of the Marquis de Santa
Cruz. The Duc de Frias was Spanish Ambassador at London and
afterwards became President of the Upper Chamber established by
the Constitution granted by Queen Maria Christina in 1834, and
called _El Estatuto Real_. He was a man of letters and has left
some poems behind him.

FULCHIRON, Jean Claude (1774-1859). A French Statesman and man of
letters. A pupil of the École Polytechnique, he served in the
Artillery. In 1831 he was elected a deputy, and for fifteen
years was the constant advocate of a Conservative policy. He was
made a Peer of France in 1845, and in 1848 he retired into
private life.

G

GAËTE, Martin Charles Gaudin, Duc de (1756-1841). Minister of
Finance under Napoleon I., who made him a Duke. He was Deputy
under the Restoration, and in 1820 was made Governor of the
Bank of France.

GARCIA, Manuel (1775-1832). A Spanish composer and musical artist.
He was the father of Mme. Malibran and Mme. Viardot.

GARROUBE, Jean Alexandre Valleton de (1790-1859). He adopted the
profession of arms and distinguished himself at first by his
zeal in the legitimist cause. His devotion to the Duchesse
d'Angoulême won him the nickname of _Chevalier du Brassard_, and
Royal favours which continued unabated for fifteen years. In
1830 he rallied to Louis-Philippe. In 1831 he was colonel and
deputy. In general he remained faithful to the doctrinaire
party, and in 1852 was placed on the retired list with the rank
of General of Brigade.

GASTON D'ORLÉANS (1608-1660). Third son of Henri IV. and brother
of Louis XIII. He bore the title of Duc d'Anjou till 1624 when
the Duchy of Orléans was conferred upon him as an appanage. He
played a sorry part in the Fronde, passing repeatedly from one
side to another. He was for the rest a wit and a cultivator of
literature and science. He left an only daughter, the celebrated
Mademoiselle, Duchesse de Montpensier.

GAUTARD, M. de, died 1837. He possessed the Château Grenier near
Bex. He was highly respected, and his death, which was due to an
accident, was much regretted. The accident was caused by the
explosion of some spirits of wine, the manufacture of which he
was supervising.

GEORGE III., King of England (1738-1820). He ascended the throne
in 1760 succeeding his grandfather George II. He extended the
English conquests in India and finally united Ireland to Great
Britain. His reign was marked by the loss of the American
Colonies. He fought against the French Revolution with all his
strength, and for ten years before his death he was out of his
mind.

GEORGE IV., King of England (1762-1830). A dissipated youth,
enormous debts, and his marriage with Mrs. Fitzherbert, a
Catholic, alienated from him the respect of the country. In 1795
he married Caroline of Brunswick against whom he afterwards
instituted scandalous proceedings. In 1811 he was made Regent by
Parliament owing to his father's insanity, and he succeeded to
the throne in 1820. It was to him that Napoleon wrote his letter
requesting the hospitality of England after his second
abdication.

GEORGE V., King of Hanover (1819-1878). He succeeded his father,
King Ernest Augustus, in 1851, in spite of his blindness. In
1866 he lost his kingdom, which was absorbed in Prussia, after
having absolutely refused to come to any understanding with that
country.

GÉRARD, Étienne Maurice, Comte (1773-1852). He adopted the
military career, and took part in all the campaigns under the
Republic and the Empire. At the Restoration he retired, but in
1830 he became Minister of War, and in 1831 was made a Marshal.
He commanded the Belgian Expedition, took the Citadel of
Antwerp, and was made a Peer in 1832.

GESSLER, Hermann. Governed the Cantons of Schwytz and Uri for
Albert I., Archduke of Austria. His cruelty caused an
insurrection in the country in 1307, and, according to
tradition, he perished by the hand of William Tell.

GILLES, Le Grand. A figure of farcical comedy, deriving his name
from a celebrated actor of the seventeenth century.

GIRARDON, François (1630-1715). A sculptor, whose patron was the
Chancellor Séguier, who sent him to study at Rome. He produced
several pieces which are much admired.

GIROLET, Jean Baptiste Simon, Abbé (1765-1836). A Benedictine
priest of the congregation of Saint Maur, who was forced to
emigrate at the Revolution. He found a place as tutor in Poland,
where he became known to the Princess Tyszkiewicz. She
recommended him to the Prince de Talleyrand, who procured his
appointment as Almoner to the House of Peers. He was a great
friend of the Talleyrand family, and towards the end of his life
established himself at Rochecotte, where he founded a school
which bears his name.

GLOUCESTER, Frederick, Duke of (1776-1834). Son of William Henry,
Duke of Gloucester, who died in 1805. He married, in 1816, the
fourth daughter of King George III., and was on that occasion
raised to the rank of Prince of the Blood.

GLOUCESTER, Duchess of (1776-1857). Mary, daughter of George III.
and Princess Sophia Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.

GONTAUT-BIRON, Duchesse de (1773-1858). Née Montault-Navailles,
Governess of the children of France, whom she followed into
exile. Charles X. made her a Duchess in 1827.

GRAFTON, Henry Fitzroy, Duke of (1790-1863). Entered the House of
Commons in 1826 as a Liberal and a promoter of Parliamentary
Reform. On his father's death he went to the House of Lords,
where he preserved his Liberal views and was a faithful
supporter of the policy of Lord John Russell. He married a
daughter of Admiral Berkeley.

GRAHAM, Sir James (1792-1861). He became Duke of Montrose on his
father's death in 1836, and sat in the House of Lords as a
Conservative. In 1837 he became Chancellor of the University of
Glasgow, in 1852 Comptroller of the Household. He was also a
Lord-Lieutenant and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster.

GRANT, Charles, afterwards Lord Glenelg. He was born in 1780, and
was a member of the House of Commons. From 1817 till 1822 he was
Chief Secretary for Ireland. In 1830 he was a member of Lord
Grey's Ministry, and in 1835 of that of Lord Melbourne.

GRANVILLE, Lord (1775-1846). Younger son of the Marquis of
Stafford. He represented England at Paris for many years, and
made many powerful friends there. His wife was a daughter of the
beautiful Duchess of Devonshire.

GRANVILLE, Lady. Henrietta Elizabeth Cavendish, daughter of the
Duke of Devonshire, married Lord Granville in 1809, and died in
1862.

GREFFULHE, Madame (1766-1859). Pauline de Randan Pully, married in
1793 M. Louis Greffulhe, by whom she had a daughter, who became
Comtesse de Castellane. Her first husband having died in 1821,
Madame Greffulhe married again Comte d'Aubusson la Feuillade, a
Peer of France and formerly an Ambassador, who died in 1848.

GRENVILLE, William Wyndham, Lord (1759-1834). A relative of Pitt
and a member of his party. He played some part in politics.

GREVILLE, Henry. He held a post at the Viceregal Court at Dublin
under Lord Clarendon. Afterwards he held a position at the
Foreign Office, and was the Duke of Wellington's private
secretary.

GREY, Charles Grey, Viscount Howick, Earl (1764-1845). A member of
the Liberal Party, Lord Grey was a Minister with Fox, and played
a great part in the case of Queen Caroline, and also in the
affairs of Belgium in 1830. It is to him that England owes
parliamentary Reform.

GREY, Lady (1775-1861). Daughter of William Ponsonby and of
Louise, daughter of Viscount Molesworth. She married Lord Grey
in 1794.

GREY, Lady Elizabeth and Lady Georgiana. Daughters of Lord Grey
who died unmarried.

GRISI, Giulia (1812-1869). A celebrated singer, daughter of an
Italian officer in the French service and niece of Madame
Grassini. She was born at Milan, entered the Conservatoire at an
early age, and became an artist famous over all Europe and
America. In 1836 she married Comte Gérard de Melcy at Paris, but
this union was soon afterwards broken as the result of a duel
between M. de Melcy and Lord Castlereagh, son of the celebrated
statesman. She afterwards married again, her second husband
being her colleague Mario, Comte de Candia.

GROSVENOR, Lady. Born in 1797. Elizabeth, younger daughter of the
Duke of Sutherland. She married the Duke of Westminster in 1819.

GUISE, Henri de Lorraine, Duc de, surnamed _Le Balafré_
(1550-1588). Eldest son of François de Guise, head of the
League. He was assassinated at the Castle of Blois by order of
Henri III. He had directed the massacre of S. Bartholomew.

GUIZOT, François Pierre Guillaume (1787-1874). A French statesman
and author. He was Minister under Louis-Philippe, Ambassador to
London and member of the Académie française.

GUIZOT, Madame (1803-1833). Eliza Dillon, the second wife of M.
Guizot, whom he married in 1828, after the death of his first
wife, Pauline de Meulan.

H

HANDEL, George Frederick (1685-1759). A German composer, born at
Halle, in Saxony. He died blind in London.

HALFORD, Sir Henry (1766-1844). Chief physician to King George
III. He had a great reputation.

HARDWICKE, Lady (1763-1858). Elizabeth, daughter of the Earl of
Balcarres. She married, in 1782, Charles Philip Yorke, who, on
the death of his uncle, Lord Hardwicke, took his name and title.
He was an Admiral and a member of Lord Derby's Ministry in 1852.

HAREWOOD, Henry, Lord (1797-1857). Married Lady Louise Thynne,
daughter of the Marquis of Bath.

HARISPE, General (1768-1854). Distinguished himself in the
campaigns of the Revolution and the Empire. Set aside by the
Restoration, he was recalled in 1830, made a Peer and a Marshal
of France in 1851.

HAYDN (1732-1809). A German composer; the author of symphonies and
oratorios of great merit.

HENRI III. of France (1551-1589). Third son of Henri II. He was at
first styled Duc d'Anjou; was elected King of Poland, but
abandoned that kingdom after a few months to succeed his
brother, Charles IX., as King of France. He was assassinated by
Jacques Clément, and with him the Valois family became extinct.

HENRI IV., King of France (1553-1610). Son of Antoine de Bourbon
and of Jeanne d'Albret. He succeeded to the throne in 1589, and
was assassinated by Ravaillac.

HENRI V. The Legitimists so styled the Duc de Bordeaux.

HENRY III. of England (1216-1272). Son of King John, whom he
succeeded at the age of nine.

HENRY VIII. of England (1491-1547). Succeeded his father, Henry
VII., in 1509. Supported Charles V. against François I., and
broke with the Catholic Church.

HERTFORD, Lady. Died 1836. Married Seymour Conway, Marquis of
Hertford. She was a friend of George IV.

HESSE-DARMSTADT, Louis II., Grand Duke of (1777-1848). Married, in
1830, Princess Wilhelmina of Baden, who died in 1836.

HESSE-DARMSTADT, Mathilde Caroline, Grand Duchess of (1813-1842).
She was a daughter of King Louis of Bavaria, and married Louis
III., Grand Duke of Hesse-Darmstadt.

HESSE-HOMBURG, Elizabeth Landgravine of (1770-1840). A daughter of
King George III. of England, she married, in 1818, Frederick
Joseph, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg, who died in 1829.

HESSE-HOMBURG, Augusta Landgravine of. Born in 1778, she was the
daughter of the Duke of Nassau-Usingen, and married in 1804
Louis, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg.

HEYTESBURY, William Lord (1779-1860). An English statesman, a
Privy Councillor, and distinguished as a diplomatist. His last
Embassy was St. Petersburg (1828-1833). From 1844 till 1846 he
was Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland. He married a daughter of Mr. W.
Bouverie.

HILL, Rowland, Lord (1773-1842). A British general who
distinguished himself in the Peninsula and in 1815. In 1827 he
became Governor of Plymouth, and the following year he was made
Commander-in-Chief of the British Army.

HOBHOUSE, Sir John Cam (1785-1869). An English author and
politician. He was a contemporary of Lord Byron at Cambridge,
and remained on the most intimate terms with him. They travelled
together in the East and on the Continent, and Sir J. Hobhouse
published in 1814 a volume entitled "Journey across Albania,"
which led to his election to the Royal Society. Being at Paris
when Napoleon returned from Elba Sir J. Hobhouse published after
Waterloo the "Letters of an Englishman during the Hundred Days,"
which made a sensation, as it attacked the Government and
expressed Liberal ideas. Hobhouse entered the House of Commons
in 1820, and thereafter occupied several administrative
positions. He was raised to the Peerage as Baron Broughton
Gyfford in 1851.

HOHENTHAL, Countess von (1808-1845). Born Princess Louise of
Biron-Courlande, sister of the Comtesse de Lazareff and Madame
de Boyen.

HOLLAND, Lord (1772-1840). Nephew of Fox, he was, like his uncle,
the champion of public liberty. With Lady Holland he contributed
to ameliorating Napoleon's condition at St. Helena.

HOLLAND, Lady, died 1840. By her first marriage she was Lady
Webster. Lord Holland had known her at Florence, and married her
after having previously had a liaison with her, and after she
had been divorced from Sir Godfrey Webster. Lady Holland was
very witty and Holland House was for a long time the rendezvous
of the literary celebrities of the period.

HOPE, Thomas (1774-1835). A rich connoisseur. He travelled a great
deal and then settled in London, where he formed a magnificent
collection of pictures and sculpture.

HOWE, Richard William Penn, Lord. Died 1870. Son of Lord Curzon.
In 1831 he had a post at the Court of Queen Adelaide.

HOWICK, Henry Grey, Viscount (1802-1894). Eldest son of Earl Grey
and Under Secretary of State for the Colonies in his father's
Ministry in 1830. In 1845, on the death of his father, he
entered the House of Lords. He held advanced Liberal opinions.

HUGO, Madame Victor. Born in 1810. Her maiden name was Adèle
Foucher. She was the daughter of Paul Henry Foucher, a French
politician and man of letters.

HUMANN, Jean Georges (1780-1842). A French financier and
statesman. He sat in the Chamber of Deputies from 1820, was one
of the 221 Signatories who brought about the Revolution of 1830,
was Minister of Finance 1832-1836, and from 1840 till his death.

HURE, M. A great friend of Fox.

HUSS, John (1373-1415). A Bohemian theologian and heresiarch.
Excommunicated by Pope Alexander V. for having adopted the
doctrines of Wyclif, he appealed to the Council of Trent and,
having refused to retract, was burned at the stake.

I

INEZ DE CASTRO. Murdered in 1355, celebrated for her beauty and
misfortunes. She was married to the Infante Pedro of Portugal.
In the sixteenth century Ferreira wrote a tragedy about her.

ISABELLA, Doña (1801-1876). Regent of Portugal 1826-1828.

ISABELLA II. Queen of Spain (1830-1904). She succeeded her father
King Frederick VII. in 1833 under the guardianship of her
mother, Queen Christina. Isabella II. married her cousin german
François d'Assise de Bourbon, who took the title of King. She
abdicated in 1870, in favour of her son Alphonso XII., after
having quitted Spain in consequence of the Revolution of 1868.

J

JACOB, Louis Léon, Comte (1768-1854). A French sailor. He
invented signalling by semaphore in 1805, and became Rear
Admiral in 1812. He was made a Peer of France after 1830, and
was for a short period Minister of Marine.

JAMES I., King of England and Scotland (1566-1625). Son of Mary
Stuart. He succeeded to the throne of Scotland at the age of
one, in 1567. In 1603 he ascended the throne of England on the
death of Elizabeth.

JAUCOURT, Marquise de (1762-1848). Mademoiselle Charlotte de
Bontemps married the Marquis de Jaucourt, great nephew of the
Chevalier de Jaucourt, editor of the _Encyclopédie_.

JERNINGHAM, Miss. Eldest daughter of Lord Stafford, died 1838.

JERSEY, Lady (1787-1867). Sarah, daughter of the Earl of
Westmorland. Lord Jersey, her husband, filled several positions
at Court and Lady Jersey was for long the leader of smart
society in London.

JOSEPHINE. The Empress (1763-1814). Josephine Tascher de la
Pagerie was born in Martinique, and married in 1779 the Vicomte
de Beauharnais who died on the scaffold in 1794. In 1796 she
married General Bonaparte and became Empress in 1804. In 1809,
however, Napoleon divorced her and she died five years later at
Malmaison, near Paris.

K

KENT, Duchess of (1786-1861). Daughter of the Duke of
Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, and mother of Queen Victoria. She married
first the Prince of Leiningen and secondly the Duke of Kent,
fourth son of George III.

KOREFF, David Ferdinand (1783-1851). Son of a Jewish doctor, he
was born at Breslau and studied at Halle, Berlin and Paris. He
travelled in Italy with the de Custine family, and being at
Vienna in 1814 he made the acquaintance of Hardenberg,
Chancellor to the King of Prussia, whose service he then
entered, having been baptized. In 1821 he went to Paris and
subsequently spent some years in England.

KÜPER, The Rev. William. A German by birth and a Lutheran. He was
for many years reader to Queen Adelaide. His son was Admiral
Augustus Leopold Küper.

L

LA BESNARDIÈRE, Jean Baptiste Goney de (1765-1843). In 1805 he
followed the _Grande Armée_ in company with the Prince de
Talleyrand. During the last years of the Empire he represented
the Ministry of Foreign Affairs on the Conseil d'État along
with MM. d'Hauterive and Dalberg; in 1814 he accompanied the
Prince de Talleyrand to Vienna and in 1819 he retired to
Touraine.

LABOUCHÈRE, Henry (1798-1861). An Englishman whose family was of
French origin. He was Member for Taunton from 1830. He was the
second son of Peter Cæsar Labouchère, a partner in the Amsterdam
firm of Hope & Co., who married a daughter of Sir Francis
Baring. He also married a Baring, his cousin german. In 1858 he
was raised to the Peerage as Lord Taunton.

LA BRUYÈRE, Jean de (1645-1696). A French moralist. He was tutor
to the grandson of the great Condé and the author of the
_Caractères_.

LACRETELLE, Jean Claude Dominique (1766-1855). Author of several
works more distinguished by a certain skill in arrangement than
by profundity of thought.

LA FAYETTE, Gilbert Mortier, Marquis de (1757-1834). After having
taken part in the American War in extreme youth he was elected
Deputy to the States-General in 1788. Outlawed after June 20,
1792, he fled, but was arrested by the Austrians and remained
for five years in prison at Olmütz. In 1814 he was a Deputy, and
voted for the deposition of the Emperor. Under the Restoration
he remained attached to the Opposition. As Chief of the National
Guard in 1830 he contributed to the accession to power of
Louis-Philippe.

LAGRANGE-CHANCEL, Joseph de (1676-1758). A French author, who
wrote some feeble tragedies and some bitter satires, entitled
_Philippiques_.

LAMB, Sir Frederick (1782-1852). An English diplomatist, brother
of Lord Melbourne. He was Ambassador to Venice, to Munich, and
to Spain, and in 1821 was raised to the Peerage as Lord
Beauvale. In 1848 he became Viscount Melbourne on his brother's
death.

LAMMENAIS, Hughes Félicité Robert, Abbé de (1782-1854). Catholic
writer, philosopher, reformer, journalist, and revolutionary. He
broke with the Church, by which his works had been condemned.

LANGWARD. A German improvisatore, of no particular celebrity.

LANSDOWNE, Henry, Marquess of (1780-1863). An English statesman.
He was a moderate Whig, and has left behind him a well-merited
reputation for political uprightness and honesty. He entered
Parliament in 1802, showed much zeal for the abolition of
slavery, and ardently defended the Irish Catholics. In 1830 he
became a member of Lord Grey's Reform Cabinet as Lord President
of the Council.

LANSDOWNE, Lady, died 1865. She was a daughter of Sir Henry Vane
Tempest, and married the Marquess of Lansdowne in 1819.

LARCHER, Mlle. Henriette (1782-1860). She was a native of Geneva,
and was the governess of Mlle. Pauline de Périgord, afterwards
Marquise de Castellane.

LA REDORTE, Joseph Charles Maurice, Comte de (1804-1886). A pupil
of the École Polytechnique, he became Lieutenant in 1826, and
was made aide-de-camp to the Duc d'Orléans in 1833. Elected
Deputy for Carcassone in 1835, he left the army, was ambassador
at Madrid for a few months in 1840, and entered the House of
Peers in the following year.

LA ROCHEFOUCAULD, Vicomtesse Sosthène de (1790-1834). She was the
only daughter of Matthieu, Duc de Montmorency.

LA RONCIÈRE LE NOURY, Émile Clément de (1804-1874). Son of General
de La Roncière. He entered the cavalry at the age of seventeen,
and was sent as Lieutenant to the École de Saumur in 1833. He
was condemned to ten years' imprisonment for the offence
mentioned in the text, after which he retired into obscurity. He
emerged under the Second Empire, and became successively
Inspector of Colonisation in Algeria and Chef de Service at
Chandernagore and the Islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon.

LATOUR-MAUBOURG, Marquis de (1781-1847). A French diplomatist.
Under the First Empire he was Chargé d'Affaires at
Constantinople and Minister Plenipotentiary at Würtemberg. Under
the Restoration he became successively Minister to Hanover and
Saxony, Ambassador at Constantinople in 1823, at Naples in 1830,
at Rome in 1831. In that year he was made a Peer of France.

LAURENCE, Justin (1791-1863). Son of a jeweller of Mont de Marsan,
he was the leading spirit of the Liberal opposition in his
Department. He became in turn Conseiller de Préfecture des
Landes, and Avocat Général a la Cour Royale de Pau, and was
elected Deputy in 1831. He was made Directeur Général des
Contributions in 1844, and his political career terminated with
the Revolution of 1848.

LAUZUN, Duc de (1652-1733). He played a brilliant but adventurous
part at the Court of Louis XIV. He married La Grande
Mademoiselle, cousin german to the King.

LAVAL, Adrien, Prince de (1768-1837). A Peer of France and Duc de
Fernando in Spain. He was French Ambassador at Rome, and married
his cousin, Mlle. de Montmorency-Luxembourg.

LAVRADIO, Don Francisco de Almeida, Comte de (1796-1870). A
Portuguese, a Peer of the Realm and a Councillor of State. He
was Minister in 1825 and 1846. In 1851 he was Minister at London
and had just been transferred to Rome when he died.

LAZAREFF, Count Lazare de (1792-1871). A Russian Colonel, who
married the Princesse Antoinette de Biron-Courlande.

LEGONIDEC, Joseph Julien (1763-1814). A French Magistrate. Avocat
au Parlement de Paris, he went to America at the Revolution and
did not return till 1797. In 1815 the Restoration Government
made him Conseiller à la Cour de Cassation, in which he sat till
his death as _doyen_ of the Chambre Civile.

LE HON, Comte Charles (1792-1868). Born at Tournay, in Belgium, he
was a prominent member of the Opposition in that country before
1830. He was thereafter for many years Belgian Minister at
Paris, where he remained until 1852.

LEHZEN, Mlle. Louise, died 1870. Daughter of a Hanoverian
Protestant pastor. She came to England in 1818 to be governess
to the Princess Feodora of Leiningen, daughter of the Duchess of
Kent by her first marriage. She discharged the same duties to
the Princess Victoria, afterwards Queen of England. In 1827
George IV. made her a Baroness. She remained at the Court of
England till 1849, when she returned to Germany.

LEICESTER, Richard Dudley, Earl of (1531-1588). A great favourite
of Queen Elizabeth.

LENORMAND, Marie Anne (1772-1843). A celebrated fortune-teller.
She was brought up by the Benedictines of Alençon, where she
began her career as a soothsayer, and came to Paris in 1800,
where she predicted the future by means of cards, being
consulted by the Empress Josephine and other distinguished
personages.

LÉON, Princesse de (died 1815). Her maiden name was Mlle. de
Seran. She died as the result of an accident, her dress having
caught fire. Her husband three years later took Orders, and was
made successively Bishop of Auch and Besançon, receiving a
cardinal's hat in 1830. After his father's death the Prince de
Léon took the title of Duc de Rohan.

LÉON, Bishop of, Don Joachim, Albarca y Blanquès (1781-1844). One
of the councillors of the Pretender Don Carlos, whom he
accompanied to London in 1834, and who afterwards made him his
Minister of Justice. He had been made Bishop of Léon in 1825.

LEOPOLD I., King of the Belgians (1790-1865). George Christian
Frederick, Prince of Coburg-Gotha, was elected King of the
Belgians in 1831. He married first, in 1816, Princess Charlotte
of England, and secondly, Princess Louise d'Orléans, daughter of
King Louis-Philippe.

LESLIE, Charles Robert (1791-1839). An English painter of great
excellence, famous for his portraits of the authors from whose
works he derived most of the subjects of his pictures,
Shakespeare, Cervantes, Molière, Sterne, Walter Scott.

LEUCHTENBERG, Prince Auguste Charles of (1807-1835). Married in
1835 Doña Maria, Queen of Portugal, and died the same year.

LEUCHTENBERG, Prince Max of (1817-1852). Son of Eugène de
Beauharnais. Married in 1839 the Grand Duchess Marie, daughter
of the Czar Nicolas I. of Russia.

LEZAY-MARNESIA, Albert, Comte de. He occupied several prefectures,
among others that of Loir-et-Cher, where he was stationed in
1834.

LICHTENSTEIN, Aloys Joseph, Prince de (1796-1858). An Austrian
diplomatist attaché at London, The Hague, and Dresden. He
married a Countess Kinsky.

LIEVEN, Christophe, Prince de (1770-1839). A Russian General. He
was Ambassador at Paris and London, and in 1834 was made
Governor of the Heir to the throne of Russia, afterwards
Alexander II.

LIEVEN, Princesse de (1787-1857). Dorothea de Benckendorff, wife
of the above. Celebrated for her wit and judgment, she made her
house in London the rendezvous of the most distinguished men of
the time, and passed the last years of her life at Paris, where
she was much sought after by important political personages.

LITTELTON, Edward John Walhouse (1791-1863). For many years a
Member of the British Parliament. In 1834 he was made Chief
Secretary for Ireland. He married, first, in 1812, a daughter of
the Marquess Wellesley; and, secondly, in 1858, the widow of
Edward Davenport.

LONDONDERRY, Charles William, Lord (1778-1854). An English soldier
and diplomatist. He was Ambassador at Vienna, a general, and a
lord-lieutenant. He married, first, a daughter of Lord Darnley;
and, secondly, in 1819, a daughter of Sir H. Vane Tempest, who
died in 1865.

LOUIS, Baron (1755-1837). A French Minister of Finance. He had
been a subordinate of the Prince de Talleyrand, and was a close
friend of his. From 1815 he sat as Deputy in almost all the
legislative assemblies, where he distinguished himself by the
moderation and sagacity of his views.

LOUIS XI., King of France (1423-1483). Son of Charles VII. No
prince of his time better understood the subtleties of politics
and the art of managing men.

LOUIS XII., King of France (1462-1515). At first bore the title of
Duc d'Orléans. He succeeded to the throne of France on the death
of Charles VIII.

LOUIS XIII., King of France (1601-1643). Son of Henry IV. and
Marie de' Medici, under whose Regency he at first reigned. He
married Anne of Austria.

LOUIS XIV., King of France (1638-1715). Son of Louis XIII.; he
succeeded his father before he was five years old, under the
Regency of his mother, Anne of Austria. He married the Infanta
Maria Theresa, and (later) secretly Madame de Maintenon.

LOUIS XV., King of France (1710-1774). Son of the Duc de Bourgogne
and of Princess Adélaïde of Savoy. He succeeded his grandfather,
Louis XIV., on the throne.

LOUIS XVI., King of France (1754-1793). He perished on the
scaffold as one of the first victims of the Revolution.

LOUIS XVIII., King of France (1755-1824). At first styled Comte de
Provence; he married in 1771 Louise Marie Josephine of Savoy.
His reign began in 1814.

LOUIS-PHILIPPE I., King of the French (1773-1849). Son of
Philippe-Égalité, Duc d'Orléans, he was proclaimed King after
the Revolution of 1830 and the abdication of Charles X. He was
obliged in his turn to abdicate by the Revolution of 1848.

LOUISE, Queen of Prussia (1776-1810). Daughter of the Grand Duke
of Mecklenburg-Strelitz and wife of King Frederick William III.
of Prussia. She was mother of King Frederick William IV. and of
William I., who in 1870 was proclaimed German Emperor.

LOULÉ, Marquise de (1806-1857). Anne, Infanta of Portugal, married
in 1827 to Mendoça, Marquis de Loulé, a Minister of State. The
Marquis was made a Duke, but his children never enjoyed any
Royal privilege.

LOUVOIS, Marquis de (1639-1691). A French statesman, Minister of
War under Louis XIV. He was the son of the Chancellor le
Tellier.

LOUVOIS, Marquis de (1783-1844). Chamberlain of Napoleon I.
Established foundries at Ancy-le-Franc, also a glass
manufactory, a mill, and a saw-mill, which made the district
very prosperous. Under the Restoration he became a Peer of
France.

LUDOLF, William Constantine, Count (1759-1839). Minister of the
King of Naples at London for many years. His family was of
Austrian origin.

LYNDHURST, Lady. Sarah Grey, widow of Lieut.-Colonel Charles
Thomas, who fell at Waterloo, married in 1819 Lord Lyndhurst, as
his second wife. She was of Jewish extraction.

M

MAINTENON, Marquise de (1635-1719). Françoise d'Aubigné, married
in 1652 the poet Scarron. Having lost her husband she was
entrusted with the education of the children of Louis XIV. and
Madame de Montespan. After the Queen's death Louis XIV.
secretly married Madame de Maintenon.

MAISON, Marshal (1771-1840). Distinguished himself in the wars of
the Revolution and the Empire, and was made a Peer of France at
the Restoration. In 1828 he commanded the expedition to the
Morea, in which he achieved complete success. He was made a
Marshal, and under Louis-Philippe became successively Minister
for Foreign Affairs and of War, and Ambassador at Vienna and St.
Petersburg.

MALIBRAN, Madame Marie Félicité (1808-1836). A famous singer
daughter of Manuel Garcia. She married first the banker
Malibran, and secondly de Bériot the violinist.

MAREUIL, Joseph Durand, Comte de (1769-1855). A French
diplomatist. At the Second Restoration he was made Conseiller
d'État and employed on several missions. Made a Peer of France
in 1833, and given the grand cordon of the Legion of Honour in
1834, he was sent to Naples as Ambassador and recalled eighteen
months later. Thereafter he lived in retirement.

MARIA, the Infanta (1793-1874). Daughter of John VI. of Portugal.
She married first the Infante Dom Pedro, and secondly Don
Carlos, Infante of Spain.

MARIA II., or MARIA DA GLORIA, Queen of Portugal (1819-1853).
Daughter of Dom Pedro I. who, recognising the impossibility of
retaining both the throne of Portugal and that of Brazil,
abdicated the former in favour of Doña Maria, his second child,
after having granted the Kingdom a liberal constitution. Doña
Maria married first the Duke of Leuchtenberg, and secondly
Prince Ferdinand of Coburg.

MARIA AMELIA, Queen (1782-1866). Daughter of Ferdinand I., King of
the Two Sicilies, married in 1809 the Duc d'Orléans, who became
Louis-Philippe I., King of the French.

MARIA THERESA, the Empress (1717-1780). Daughter of the Emperor
Charles VI., whom she succeeded on the Austrian throne. She had
to struggle with Frederick II., King of Prussia, who deprived
her of Silesia. She married François de Lorraine.

MARIE, Casimire d'Arquien (1630-1699). Queen of Poland. She
accompanied to Poland Queen Maria Gonzaga. She married first
Zamoyski, and secondly King John Sobieski. Having become a widow
she retired first to Rome, and then to Blois, where she died.

MARIE DE' MEDICI, Queen of France (1573-1642). Daughter of the
Grand Duke Francis I. of Tuscany, she married Henri IV., King of
France, became the mother of Louis XIII., and held the Regency
during her son's minority.

MARIE D'ORLÉANS, Princess (1813-1839). Daughter of King
Louis-Philippe. She married Prince Alexander of Würtemberg. She
had a talent for sculpture, and is the author of a statue of
Jeanne d'Arc placed in the Court of the Hotel de Ville at
Orléans.

MARIE LOUISE, the Empress (1791-1847). Daughter of Francis II.,
Emperor of Austria. Married Napoleon I. in 1810.

MARY STUART, Queen of Scots (1542-1587). Married Francis II., King
of France, who died in 1560. She returned to Scotland, where she
had to struggle against the Reformation and the intrigues of
Queen Elizabeth. She was imprisoned in England for eighteen
years, and was finally executed.

MARTIN, M., a pupil of the École Normale. He became professor in a
Parisian institution, from which he was taken by the Prince de
Talleyrand to superintend the education of his two nephews,
Louis and Alexandre de Périgord. He afterwards became Rector of
the Académie d'Amiens.

MARTIN DU NORD, Nicolas Ferdinand (1789-1862). A French statesman
and man of letters. Elected Deputy in 1830, he sat among the
Conservatives. He was Avocat Général à la Cour de Cassation in
1842, then Procureur Général à la Cour Royale de Paris. In 1834
he became Minister of Public Works, and in 1839 Minister of
Justice and Public Worship.

MARTINEZ DE LA ROSA, Francis (1789-1862). A Spanish statesman and
man of letters. A Deputy in the Cortes in 1812, he there
advocated the most advanced ideas, for which he was condemned to
ten years' imprisonment in Morocco. He was liberated by the
Revolution of 1820, and became President of the Council. Under
the Queen Regent he became head of a Constitutional Cabinet,
which signed the Quadruple Alliance, but he retired in 1835. He
was afterwards Ambassador at Paris and Rome, and President of
the Cortes.

MASSA, Duchesse de. Born 1792. Daughter of the Duc de Tarente. She
married Régnier, Duc de Massa, who died in 1861.

MATUCZEWIECZ, Count André Joseph (1790-1842). A diplomatist in the
Russian service of Polish birth. Was Minister of Russia in
England _ad interim_, Minister of Naples and Stockholm.

MAUGUIN, François (1785-1854). An ardent Liberal. He was elected
Deputy in 1827, and played a prominent part until 1848. After
the _coup d'état_ of 1851, he retired to Saumur, where he lived
with his daughter, the Comtesse de Rochefort.

MEDEM, Count Paul (1800-1854). A Russian diplomatist. Chargé
d'Affaires at Paris, and then at London. In 1839 he was Minister
at Stuttgart.

MELBOURNE, William Lamb, Viscount (1779-1848). An English
statesman. He was made Home Secretary by Lord Grey in 1830. He
was a moderate Whig, and acquitted himself with much tact and
devotion in the task which afterwards fell on him as Premier, of
initiating the young Queen Victoria into her duties as
Sovereign. Separated from his wife, Lady Catherine Ponsonby,
famous for her liaison with Lord Byron, Lord Melbourne formed a
connection with Mrs. Norton which, in 1836, ended in divorce
proceedings and caused much scandal.

MENDELSLOH, Charles Augustus Francis, Count (1788-1852). A
Würtemberg diplomatist, who was Minister successively at St.
Petersburg, London and Vienna.

MENDIZABAL, Don Juan Alvarez y (1790-1853). A Spanish statesman,
son of a poor shopkeeper, he made a great fortune in trade. He
became Minister of Finance in 1835, but soon had to retire.

MENNECHET, Édouard (1794-1845). A French man of letters. Private
secretary to the Duc de Duras, who introduced him to Louis
XVIII. The latter made him head of his private office, a post
which Mennechet held also under Charles X.

METTERNICH, Clement Wenceslas Lothair, Count, afterwards Prince
(1773-1859). An Austrian statesman. He was Minister at The
Hague, at Dresden, at Berlin, and Paris. In 1809 he became
Austrian Minister for Foreign Affairs and remained in power
until 1848, when the Revolution forced him to fly.

MIAOULIS, André (1771-1835). A Greek admiral. He was
commander-in-chief of the insurgent fleet in 1821, beat the
Turks at Patras, set fire to the ships of Ibrahim Pasha at
Modon, but failed to prevent the fall of Missolonghi. In 1831 he
put himself at the head of the Hydriotes, who had revolted
against the President Capo d'Istria.

MIGNET, François Auguste Marie (1796-1884). A French historian, a
member of the Académie française, and Keeper of the Archives of
the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

MINA, Don Francisco Espozy (1781-1836). A famous Spanish party
leader. In 1809, at the time of the French invasion, he placed
himself at the head of a guerilla band and obstructed the French
operations for five years. In 1820, during the Spanish
Revolution, he held his own against Marshal Moncey. In 1834 he
defended the Constitutional throne against the pretensions of
Don Carlos.

MIRABEAU, Victor Riquetti, Marquis de (1749-1791). The most
eminent orator of the French Revolution. In 1789 he was a member
of the States-General, and contributed by his eloquence to the
success of the Constituent Assembly.

MIRAFLORÈS, Don Manuel, Marquis de (1792-1867). Descended from a
mercantile family enriched by the wars of the eighteenth
century, he was ennobled and made a grandee of Spain. He was
Ambassador to London in 1834, and there signed the celebrated
treaty of the Quadruple Alliance. In 1846 he became Grand
Chamberlain to Queen Isabella, and in 1864 President of the
Council of Ministers. An eminent _littérateur_, he was a member
of the Historical Academy of Madrid.

MIRAFLORÈS, Marquise de (1795-1867). Doña Vicenta Monina y
Pontejos, heiress and niece of the celebrated Count de
Florida-Blanca. Married the Marquis de Miraflorès in 1814.

MODENA, Duke of (1779-1846). Francis IV. of Modena, son of the
Archduke Ferdinand of Austria. He married Princess Maria
Beatrice, daughter of Victor Emmanuel, King of Sardinia.

MOLÉ, Comte Matthieu (1781-1855). Descended from a parliamentary
family. He replaced the Duc de Massa as Minister of Justice in
1813, and then received the title of Count of the Empire. He
rallied to Louis-Philippe, and in 1830 became Minister for
Foreign Affairs. In 1840 he was elected a member of the Académie
française.

MOLÉ, Comtesse, died 1845. Mlle. Caroline de la Briche met Comte
Molé as a young man in her mother's salon and married him in
1798. The Comtesse Molé published anonymously several works
translated from the English.

MOLLIEN, François, Comte (1758-1850). A clever financier. He was
made Minister of the Treasury in 1866. Louis XVIII. made him a
Peer in 1819.

MOLLIEN, Comtesse (1785-1878). Mlle. Juliette Dutilleul, wife of
François Mollien. She was a distinguished and attractive person,
and was Lady-in-waiting to Queen Marie Amélie.

MONSON, Lord (1809-1841). Son of Lady Warwick by her first
marriage. He left no children, and his cousin became his heir.

MONSON, Lady Theodosia, daughter of Latham Blacker. Married Lord
Monson in 1832.

MONTESPAN, Marquise de (1641-1707). Françoise Athénais de
Rochechouart, the favourite of Louis XIV.

MONTMORENCY, Raoul, Baron de (1790-1862). He took the title of
Duke, in 1846, on his father's death. He married Euphémie de
Harchies, by whom he had no children. His sisters were the
Princesse de Bauffrement-Courtenay and the Duchesse de Valençay.

MONTMORENCY, Duchesse de (1774-1846). Anne Louise Caroline de
Matignon, mother of Raoul de Montmorency, of the Princesse de
Bauffrement, and the Duchesse de Valençay.

MONTPENSIER, Duchesse de (1627-1693). Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans,
known as La Grande Mademoiselle, was the only daughter of Gaston
d'Orléans. She was several times on the verge of making the most
brilliant marriages without ever succeeding. At forty-two she
conceived a violent passion for a private gentleman, the Comte
de Lauzun, whom she secretly married. She had taken a very
active part in the Fronde.

MONTROND, Comte Casimir de (1757-1843). A friend of M. de
Talleyrand, and a _habitué_ of his house. Napoleon I., on his
return from Elba, sent him to Vienna, where the Congress was
sitting, to persuade M. de Talleyrand to join him, but M. de
Talleyrand was inflexible in his loyalty to Louis XVIII.

MONTROND, Comtesse de (1769-1820). Aimée de Coigny, who inspired
André Chénier's _Jeune Captive_. Married first the Duc de
Fleury, and divorced him in order to marry the Comte de
Montrond.

MORELL, Baronne de. Mlle. de Mornay, sister of the Marquis and the
Comte de Mornay, married General Baron de Morell, who, in 1834,
was in command of the cavalry school at Saumur.

MORELL, Mlle. Marie de. Born in 1818. Celebrated for her beauty.
Was the daughter of General Baron de Morell. She married the
Marquis d'Eyrargues, who filled various diplomatic positions in
the reign of Louis-Philippe.

MORELLET, Abbé André (1727-1819). The friend of the most eminent
personages of his time. The Abbé was especially celebrated for
his subtle and mocking wit. He was a laborious contributor to
the _Encyclopédie_ and to the _Dictionnaire de l'Académie_, the
archives of which he saved at the Revolution.

MORNAY, Comte Charles de (1803-1878). A Peer of France, Ambassador
to Sweden, brother of Jules, Marquis de Mornay, Deputy for the
Oise. He was devoted to the Monarchy of July, and was raised to
the Peerage in 1845, and made Grand Officer of the Legion of
Honour. In 1848 he retired into private life.

MORNINGTON, Lady (1742-1834). Anne, eldest daughter of Viscount
Duncannon, married in 1759 the Earl of Mornington. One of her
sons was the famous Duke of Wellington.

MORTEMART, Mlle. Alicia de (1800-1887). Daughter of the Duc de
Mortemart and his second wife. Born a de Cossé-Brissac; she
married in 1823 Paul, Duc de Noailles.

MORTIER, Marshal, Duc de Trévise (1768-1835). Distinguished
himself in the campaigns of the Revolution and the Empire. A
Deputy and Peer of France in 1834. He accepted the Ministry of
War together with the Presidency of the Council, and was killed
by the explosion of Fieschi's infernal machine by the side of
Louis-Philippe.

MOSKOWA, Prince de la (1803-1857). Eldest son of Marshal Ney. He
first entered the Swedish service, and did not return to France
until after the Revolution of July. He was made a Peer of France
under Louis-Philippe, and married the daughter of Jacques
Lafitte.

MOTTEUX, M. A _habitué_ of Holland House, and a great favourite of
the Prince de Talleyrand. He was very intimate with Lady Cowper,
afterwards Lady Palmerston, and left all his fortune to her
second son.

MOUNT-EDGCUMBE, Richard, Lord (1764-1839). One of the intimates of
King William I. He married in 1789 a daughter of the Earl of
Buckinghamshire.

MULGRAVE, Lord (1797-1863). Constantine Henry Phipps, afterwards
Lord Normanby. He was a member of the Whig Ministry of Lord
Melbourne, was Governor of Jamaica, and afterwards
Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland. In 1846 he was sent to Paris as
Ambassador, and went to Tuscany in the same capacity.

MUNIER DE LA CONVERSERIE, General, Count (1766-1837).

MUNSTER-LEDENBURG, Count Ernest Frederick Herbert von (1766-1839).
As envoy of the Elector of Hanover, King of England, he helped
to form several coalitions against France. He was Hanoverian
Minister in London. He married in 1814 Wilhelmina Charlotte
(1785-1858), sister of the Duke of Schaumburg-Lippe.