Chapter XXII: Appendix: I (2)

DALMATIE, the Marquis de (1802-1857). Hector Soult, son of the
Marshal, general staff officer. He entered the diplomatic
career in 1830 and was Minister Plenipotentiary at the Hague,
at Turin and Berlin. For a long time he sat as Deputy for Tarn
and always supported the Conservative policy. He became a duke
in 1850 after his father's death.

DECAZES, the Duc Elie* (1780-1846). Peer of France and Minister
under Louis XVIII.

DECAZES, the Duchesse.* _Née_ de Sainte Aulaire.

DEDEL, Solomon* (1775-1846). Danish diplomatist.

DEGUERRY, the Abbé (1797-1871). Distinguished preacher and
chaplain to the Sixth Regiment of the Guard. Under Charles X. he
was in succession canon of Notre Dame, incumbent of Saint
Eustache and afterwards of the Madeleine at Paris. During the
Commune of 1871 he was arrested and shot with Mgr. Darbois and
President Bonjean. He had been religious director to the Prince
Imperial.

DELAROCHE, Paul (1797-1856). Famous French painter, pupil of Gros.
He married at Rome in 1835 Mlle. Louise Vernet, the only
daughter of Horace Vernet who died in 1845.

DELESSERT, Gabriel (1786-1858). An officer who distinguished
himself in the defence of Paris in 1814 and became
brigadier-general in 1831. He was then prefect of Aude and
afterwards of Eure-et-Loir from 1834 to 1836; finally he was
prefect of police from 1836 to 1848; afterwards he retired to
private life.

DEVRIENT, Daniel Louis (1784-1832). Famous German actor of French
origin.

DEMIDOFF, the Count Anatole (1813-1870). Anatole Demidoff, Prince
of San Donato, married in 1841 Princess Mathilda, daughter of
King Jerome of Westphalia. His father had made a great fortune
in the Siberian mines and was the first to acclimatise French
vines in the Crimea.

DENMARK, Christian VIII., King of (1786-1848). Formerly Prince
Christian of Denmark,** son of the Hereditary Prince Frederick
and of the Princess Sophia Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin; he
succeeded Frederick VI. on December 3, 1839. His first wife,
whom he married in 1806, was Charlotta Frederica of
Mecklenburg-Schwerin, by whom he had a son, afterwards King
Frederick VII.

DENMARK, the Queen of (1796-1881).** Caroline Amelia, daughter of
the Duke and Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein Sondersburg
Augustenburg, second wife of King Christian VIII., by whom she
had no children.

DEVONSHIRE, the Duke of. Died in 1858. By name William Cavendish.

DIEGO LEON. Died in 1841. Spanish general, highly renowned for his
bravery. He belonged to the moderate Conservative party which
supported Queen Maria Christina at the time of her Regency. When
Espartero wished to dethrone her, Diego Leon headed a conspiracy
in 1841 for the purpose of abducting the young Queen Isabella
and taking her to a provincial town, in order to remove her from
the influence of Espartero. A combat took place in the palace of
Madrid; Diego Leon was captured and shot in 1841.

DINO, the Duc de** (1813-1894). Known until 1838 as Comte
Alexandre de Périgord, second son of the Duchesse de Talleyrand.

DINO, the Duchesse de (1820-1891). _Née_ Marie Josephine de Sainte
Aldegonde. She had married in 1839 Duc Alexandre de Dino.

DINO, Clémentine de. Born in 1841, daughter of the Duc and
Duchesse Alexandre de Dino. She married in 1860 at Sagan Count
Alexander Orlowski.

DOENHOFF, Count Augustus Hermann. Born in 1797. After undertaking
various diplomatic missions, he became Prussian Minister to the
Diet of Frankfort in 1842, and in 1848 Minister of Foreign
Affairs in Pfuel's Cabinet, but he soon resigned. Count Doenhoff
was a Member of the House of Lords.

DOENHOFF, Sophia Juliana Frederica, Countess. Died in 1834. A
favourite of King Frederick William II., by whom she had two
children, who took the title of Counts of Brandenburg.

DON CARLOS DE BOURBON* (1788-1855).

DOLOMIEU, the Marquise de* (1779-1849). Lady of Honour to Queen
Marie Amélie.

DOUGLAS, the Marquis of* (1811-1863). Succeeded his father as Duke
of Hamilton in 1852. In 1843 he had married Princess Maria of
Baden.

DOURO, Lady Elizabeth. Daughter of the Marquis of Tweeddale. She
married in 1839 Arthur Richard Wellesley, Marquis of Douro, who
became Duke of Wellington after his father's death in 1852.

DREUX-BRÉZÉ, the Abbé de (1811-1893). Third son of the Marquis of
Dreux Brézé and Chief Master of the Ceremonies under Louis XVI.
He became Vicar General to Mgr. de Quélen at Paris in 1835 and
in 1849 was appointed Bishop of Moulins. He never attempted to
hide his ultramontane and legitimist opinions.

DREUX-BRÉZÉ, the Marquis de (1793-1845). Scipion de Dreux-Brézé
first entered a military career which he left in 1827; in 1829
he became peer of France on his father's death. He was one of
the leaders of the opposition to the Government of Louis
Philippe.

DUCHATEL, the Comte Charles Tanneguy.* French politician.

DUCHATEL, the Comtesse Eglé. Daughter of M. Paulée, who made a
considerable fortune as contractor to the French army during the
Spanish war of 1823.

DU DEFFANT, the Marquise (1697-1780). _Née_ Marie de
Vichy-Chambord. Married at an early age to a man for whom she
did not care, she was separated from him, and when her widowhood
began opened her salon to the lords and philosophers of her age.
At the age of fifty-four she became blind, and substituted
friendship for coquetry and wit for beauty, though she never
lost her imperious desire for amusement. Her correspondence with
Voltaire and Horace Walpole has been published and shows
remarkable certainty of judgment.

DUFAURE, Jules Armand Stanislas** (1798-1881). Lawyer and French
politician.

DUMOURIEZ, Charles François (1739-1824). Field-Marshal when the
revolution broke out, he adopted revolutionary principles and
became Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1792. He declared war on
Austria but as he had incurred the disfavour of the Girondists,
who had raised him to the Ministry, he resigned and re-entered
the service as commander of the army of the north. He won the
victories of Valmy and Jemmapes and conquered Belgium; but after
a defeat at Neerwinden, he was exposed to the attacks of the
Convention and opened negotiations with the enemy, to whom he
soon fled. He then led a wandering life and eventually settled
in England where the King gave him a pension.

DUPANLOUP, the Abbé** (1802-1878). Appointed Bishop of Orléans in
1849, he entered the French Academy in 1854.

DUPIN, André Marie* (1783-1865). Lawyer and French magistrate; he
was a Deputy for many years.

DUPOTY, Michel Auguste (1797-1864). Publicist and violent
republican, he opposed both the July and the Bourbon monarchy.

DUPREZ, Gilbert-Louis** (1806-1879). Famous French tenor.

DURHAM, John Lambton, Lord* (1792-1840). English politician.

E

ELCHINGEN, the Duchesse d'. Born in 1801. Marie Josephine,
daughter of the Comte de Souham, had married the Baron de Vatry
as her first husband. After she had been left a widow she
married the Duc d'Elchingen in 1834; he was aide-de-camp to the
Duc de Orléans, and eldest son of Marshal Ney who died in 1854.

ELLICE, the Hon. Edward* (1787-1863). English politician.

ELSSLER, Theresa** (1806-1878). Famous dancer and morganatic wife
of Prince Adalbert of Prussia. She was given the title of
Baroness of Barnim.

ENGHIEN, Louis Antoine Henri de Bourbon, Duc d' (1772-1804). Son
of the Prince de Condé and of Louise Thérèse Mathilde d'Orléans.
He followed his parents into exile, and showed brilliant courage
in the army of Condé. He was settled at Ettenheim in the Grand
Duchy of Baden with the young and beautiful Charlotte de Rohan
Rochefort, to whom he was said to be secretly married. He was
arrested in violation of international law by the orders of the
First Consul who suspected him of conspiracy; he was judged by a
military commission and shot in the trenches of the château of
Vincennes.

ENGLAND, Queen Adelaide of* (1792-1848). _Née_ Princess of
Saxe-Meiningen.

ENTRAIGUES, the Marquis Emmanuel Louis d' (1755-1812). At first an
officer in the army, he went into exile in 1790, and became
Councillor of the Russian Legation at London, where he was
assassinated with his wife.

ENTRAIGUES, Amédée Goveau d'.* Born in 1785. Prefect of Tours from
1830-1847.

ESPARTERO, Joachim Baldomero (1792-1879). A Spaniard and a
brilliant soldier, Espartero took a keen part in the hostilities
when civil war broke out upon the succession of Isabella II. to
the throne. In 1840, when the Queen Regent Maria Christina had
abdicated, the Cortes transferred the powers of Regency to
Espartero. In 1842 he was overthrown and withdrew to England,
but returned to Spain in 1847 and resumed his seat in the
Senate, where he continued to exert a controlling influence.

ESPEUIL, Antoine Théodore de Viel Lunas, Marquis d'. Born in 1802.
He became Senator in 1853, and married Mlle. Jeanne Françoise
Louise de Chateaubriand, niece of the Vicomte de Chateaubriand.

ESSEX, Arthur Algernon Capell, Lord (1803-1892). He had succeeded
his uncle as Lord Essex in 1839. He was three times married:
first, in 1825, to Caroline Janetta, daughter of the Duke of St.
Alban's, who died in 1862; secondly, in 1863, to Louisa Caroline
Elizabeth, daughter of Viscount Dungarvan, who died in 1876; and
thirdly, in 1881, to Louise, daughter of Charles Heneage, and
widow of Lord Paget, the General.

ESTERHAZY, Prince Paul* (1786-1866). Austrian diplomatist.

ESTERHAZY, Prince Nicolas (1817-1894). Son of Prince Paul. He
married in 1842 Lady Sarah Villiers, daughter of Lord and Lady
Jersey; she died in 1853.

ESTERHAZY, Count Moritz (1805-1891). Austrian diplomatist;
Ambassador at Rome in 1855; and a Minister without a portfolio
from 1865-1866. He took a large share in the events which
preceded the war of 1866, as he objected to all concessions
which might have secured an understanding between Vienna and
Berlin. He was a member of the old Hungarian Conservative party.

EU, Gaston d'Orléans, Comte d'. Born in 1842. Eldest son of the
Duc de Nemours and of the Princesse de Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. He
married, in 1864, at Rio de Janeiro, Princess Isabella of
Braganza, eldest daughter of the Emperor of Brazil.

EYNARD, Jean Gabriel (1775-1863). A rich merchant whom the
revolution had driven into exile at Genoa, where he had stayed.
Deeply attached to the cause of Greece, he worked energetically
for the liberation of this country.

F

FABRE, François Xavier* (1766-1837). French painter and a pupil
of David.

FAGEL, General Robert.* Ambassador from the King of the Low
Countries to France under the Restoration.

FALLOUX, Comte Alfred de (1811-1885). French politician and member
of the Academy; he was Minister of Education under the
Presidency of Prince Louis Philippe, and gave his name to the
law concerning the organisation of education.

FANE, Lady G. J. Georgiana (1811-1874). Daughter of Lord
Westmorland, who was Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland from 1790 to
1795, by his second marriage with Miss Jane Saunders. She was
never married.

FESCH, Cardinal** (1763-1839). Maternal uncle of Napoleon I.

FEUCHÈRES, the Baronne Sophie de (1795-1841). Known for her
intimacy with the last Duc de Bourbon, from whom she obtained
the rich estates of Saint Leu and of Boissy and the sum of a
million. It was she who induced the Prince to leave the
remainder of his fortune to the young Duc d'Aumale, his cousin,
to escape the danger to which she would have been exposed if she
had taken it for herself. An object of general contempt, she
lived in England after the death of Prince de Condé, who was
found one day hanging to the cross-bar of a window in his Castle
of Chantilly in 1830.

FICQUELMONT, Count Charles Ludwig von** (1777-1857). An officer
and afterwards a diplomatist in the Austrian service; Minister
of State at Vienna in 1840, and for a time Minister of Foreign
Affairs in 1848.

FLAHAUT, the General Comte Auguste Charles Joseph de* (1785-1870).
Peer of France and Ambassador.

FLAHAUT, the Comtesse de* (1788-1867). Margaret, Lady Nairn and
Keith, had married in 1817 the Comte de Flahaut.

FLAHAUT, Emily Jane Mercer Elphinstone de. Eldest daughter of the
Comte de Flahaut and of Lady Nairn and Keith. She married in
1843 Henry, Marquis of Lansdowne (1816-1866), M.P.

FLAHAUT, Adélïde Elizabeth Joséphine de, died in 1841. Fourth
daughter of the Comte and Comtesse de Flahaut.

FLOTOW, Count Frederick Augustus von (1812-1883). Composer of
German music and author of a great number of operas.

FORBIN-JANSEN, the Marquise de. _Née_ Rochechouart Mortemart.

FOUQUET, Nicholas (1615-1680). Financial Minister under Louis
XIV.; condemned, after a famous trial, for embezzlement, and
confined at Pignerol, where he died after nineteen years'
imprisonment.

FOX, Miss. Died in 1840. Caroline Fox, daughter of Stephen Fox,
the second Lord Holland.

FRANCIS I., Emperor of Austria (1708-1765). Eldest son of Duke
Leopold of Lorraine; he inherited the Duchy of Lorraine in 1729,
but exchanged it, in 1738, for that of Tuscany, where the family
of the Medicis had just become extinct. He married Marie
Thérèse, daughter of Charles VI., and was appointed Regent on
the death of Charles in 1740.

FREDERICK I., first King of Prussia (1657-1713). Son of Frederick
William, the Great Elector of Brandenburg.

FREDERICK II., the Great,* King of Prussia (1712-1786). A famous
soldier and a friend of the philosophers of his time. He
ascended the throne in 1740.

FREDERICK WILLIAM II., known as the Fat, King of Prussia
(1744-1797). Nephew of Frederick the Great and his successor;
ascended the throne in 1786.

FREDERICK WILLIAM III.,** King of Prussia (1770-1840). Son of
Frederick William II., whom he succeeded, and husband of Queen
Louise.

FREDERICK WILLIAM IV.,** King of Prussia (1795-1861). Son of
Frederick William III., whom he succeeded; ascended the throne
in 1840.

FROISSART, Jean (1337-1410). Famous French chronicler.

FRY, Mrs. Elizabeth (1780-1865). Born of a family distinguished
both for wealth and culture, she married at the age of twenty
Mr. Joseph Fry, a Quaker. She then devoted her life to pious
works, especially to prison visiting, and secured a great
improvement in the treatment of prisoners.

FUGGER, Ulrich (1441-1510). Famous German merchant who lent
considerable sums to the Emperor Maximilian.

G

GAGERN, Baron Heinrich von (1799-1880). German statesman and one
of the most ardent supporters of German unity. He was President
of the National Assembly of Frankfort in 1848.

GALLIÉRA, the Duchesse Marie de (1812-1888). Eldest daughter of
the Marquis de Brignole Sale, she had married a Genoese, the Duc
de Galliéra, who left her an immense fortune, of which she spent
almost the whole in works of charity.

GARNIER-PAGÈS (1801-1841). Politician and leader of the Republican
party under Louis Philippe.

GAY, Madame Sophie (1776-1852). Daughter of the financier La
Vallette, she married, when very young, a stockbroker, from whom
she was divorced in 1799. She then married M. Gay,
Receiver-General for the Department of Roër under the Empire.
The salon of Madame Gay was soon a meeting-place for the most
brilliant society, and in 1802 she made her first appearance in
the world of letters. She was a poet and a good musician, and,
apart from her novels and her dramatic works, wrote poetry which
she set to music, and her songs were very popular. She was the
mother of Delphine Gay (Madame de Girardin).

GENLIS, Madame de (1746-1830). Governess to the children of the
Duc d'Orléans (_Philippe Egalité_) and author of several works
upon education.

GENOUDE, the Abbé Eugène (1792-1849). French publicist who became
editor of the _Gazette de France_ in 1823, in which he
consistently supported the cause of the monarchy. He was
married, and when he was left a widower he took orders in 1835.

GENTY DE BUSSY, M. Pierre de (1793-1867). Military Commissioner,
he became Governor of the Invalides; took part in the Spanish
War, and was sent on a diplomatic mission to Greece in 1828. In
1844 he was elected Deputy, joined the Conservative party, and
supported the foreign and domestic policy of M. Guizot.

GENTZ, Frederick von (1764-1832). A Prussian publicist and an
ardent enemy of the French Revolution; in 1814 and 1815 he was
secretary to the Congress of Vienna and helped to draw up the
compact of the Holy Alliance.

GERLACH, General Leopold von (1790-1861). Entered the Prussian
military service at an early age; became aide-de-camp to the
Prince of Prussia and Infantry General. His ideas were very
reactionary. He was an intimate friend of Frederick William IV.

GERSDORFF, Baron Ernst von** (1781-1852). Saxon diplomatist.

GERSDORFF, Baron** (1800-1855). Manager of the estates of the
Princess of Courlande.

GIRARDIN, Madame de (1805-1855). Delphine Gay. Married, in 1831,
M. Emile de Girardin. She wrote poetry and novels which showed
much talent.

GOBERT, M. Treasurer of the charitable fund for the orphans of
those who died from cholera.

GEORGEI, Arthur, born in 1818. A famous Hungarian General who took
an active part in the Hungarian War of 1848. At first he
displayed the highest military talent and afterwards capitulated
and surrendered the Hungarian army to the Russian General
Rudiger.

GORE, Charles Alexander. Born in 1817 and son of Sir William Gore.
He was Commissioner of Forests.

GOURIEFF, M. de. Russian diplomatist, Minister at The Hague, and
then Financial Minister in his own country. He was the
father-in-law of M. de Nesselrode.

GRAMONT-GUICHE, the Duchesse de (1802-1882). _Née_ Anna de Grimaud
d'Orsay, Countess of the Holy Empire. She married the Duc de
Guiche, who was afterwards Duc de Gramont and
Lieutenant-General, and obtained the Grand Cross of the Legion
of Honour. He died in 1855.

GRAMONT, Madame de. Antoinette Cornélie de Gramont, aunt of the
Duc de Gramont in the Aster branch of the family. A nun in the
Sacré Cœur and Mother Superior of the Paris house.

GRANVILLE, Lord* (1775-1846). English diplomatist, for a long time
Ambassador at Paris.

GRANVILLE, Lady.* Died in 1862. She was a daughter of the Duke of
Devonshire.

GREECE, Queen Amélie of (1818-1867). Daughter of the Grand Duke of
Oldenburg, she married Otho I., King of Greece, in 1836.

GREY, Lord* (1764-1845). English politician.

GRISI, Giulia* (1812-1869). Famous Italian singer.

GROEBEN, Count Charles of, the General (1788-1876). Aide-de-camp
to King Frederick William IV., Knight of the Order of the Black
Eagle and Member of the House of Lords.

GROTE, the Countess of (1799-1885). Baroness Caroline von
Schachten, married, in 1825, Count Adolphus von Grote,
Hanoverian Ambassador at Paris. In 1841, after her husband's
death, she returned to Germany and accepted, with the Countess
of Wedell, the post of first lady at the Court of King Ernst
Augustus of Hanover. She retained her position until the King's
death in 1851. She did not marry him morganatically, as has been
supposed.

GUELLE, the Abbé Nicolas Auguste (1799-1881). He took orders in
1825, and was curé at the Madeleine in Paris; he administered
his first communion to the Duc d'Aumale, and, in 1849 at London,
to the Comte de Paris. He was then attached to the person of
King Louis Philippe, and was present at his death. He became
chaplain to Queen Marie Amélie, and was present also at her
deathbed in 1866. He then retired to Paris.

GUILLON, Mgr. (1760-1847). Preacher and theologian; he had been
chaplain to the Princesse de Lamballe, and refused to take the
oath of citizenship at the time of the revolution. Under the
patronage of Lucien Bonaparte he accompanied Cardinal Fesch to
Rome, and on his return to France obtained the Professorship of
Sacred Rhetoric in the Faculty of Theology. From 1818 he was
chaplain to the Duchesse Marie Amélie d'Orléans, afterwards
Queen of France. Louis Philippe secured for him, in 1833, the
title of Bishop of Morocco _in partibus_. Mgr. Guillon
invariably supported the principles of the French Church.

GUIZOT, François Pierre Guillaume* (1787-1874). French statesman
and historian.

GUSTAVUS III., King of Sweden (1746-1792). A great lover of
France, which he visited upon several occasions. Throughout his
reign he was opposed by the Swedish nobility, in spite of the
fact that he waged several successful wars against Russia. A
conspiracy broke out at the moment when he was preparing to
march to the help of Louis XVI. who had been arrested at
Varennes. He was shot by an assassin named Ankarström, at a
masked ball.

H

HANOVER, the Electress Sophia Dorothea of (1667-1726). Daughter
of George William of Celle, second son of the Duke of Brunswick
and of Eleanor of Olbreuse. She became the wife of King George
I. of England, who treated her cruelly and kept her practically
in captivity for several years.

HANOVER, King Ernst Augustus of (1771-1851). At first Duke of
Cumberland,* he ascended the Hanoverian throne in 1837.

HANOVER, Queen Frederica of. Duchess of Cumberland* until 1837.

HANOVER, the Crown Prince of. Afterwards King George V.

HANOVER, the Crown Princess of. Born in 1818. Marie Wilhelmina,
daughter of Duke Joseph of Saxe-Altenburg, married in 1848
Prince George of Hanover, who became King in 1851.

HANSEMANN, David Justus Ludwig (1770-1864). An important merchant
of Aix la Chapelle, he became well known for his constitutional
leanings, and in 1848 received the portfolio of Finance in the
Ministry of Camphausen; he was afterwards director of the
Prussian Bank and founded a flourishing mutual benefit society.

HARDENBERG, Prince Charles Augustus of (1750-1822). As Minister of
the King of Prussia in 1791, he signed the peace of Bâle with
France, but boldly opposed Napoleon I. after Jena and the
Russian Campaign, and strove actively to secure the opportunity
for a counter stroke. He was one of the signatories to the
treaty of Paris and was present at the Congress of Vienna in
1815.

HASSENPFLUG, Hans Friedrich von (1793-1862). Minister of the
Elector of Hesse-Cassel, he afterwards spent several years in
the Prussian service and pursued a reactionary policy.

HATZFELDT, Count Max von (1813-1859). Younger brother of Prince
Hermann of Hatzfeldt. He married in 1844 Mlle. Pauline de
Castellane; on her widowhood she re-married the Duc de Valençay.
Count Max von Hatzfeldt was Secretary to the Prussian Legation
at Paris and afterwards Minister accredited to the Emperor
Napoleon III.

HAUGWITZ, Count Eugène von, the General (1777-1867).
Field-Marshal, Chamberlain, and Privy Councillor to the Austrian
Court. He took part in almost every war in the first half of the
nineteenth century.

HAUTEFORT, Marie d' (1616-1691). Lady of Honour to Marie de
Médicis and Lady of the Robes to Anne of Austria. She married in
1646 the Duke of Schomberg, Governor of Metz.

HAUTEFORT, the Comtesse d'. _Née_ Adélaïde de Maillé in 1787.
Married the Comte d'Hautefort in 1805.

HAYNAU, Baron Julius Jacobus von (1786-1853). Son of the Elector
of Hesse, William I., by his morganatic marriage with Fraulein
von Lindenthal: he entered the Austrian military service, and in
1847 took part in suppressing the revolutionary movements in
Italy, where he became notorious for the cruel methods he
employed. He pursued a similar course of action in Hungary in
1849.

HECKER, Friedrich Karl Franz (1811-1881). A German lawyer and
politician, he loudly declared himself a social democrat in 1848
and became one of the leaders of the Mountain at the Diet of
Frankfort; he stirred up all the little states in the south of
Germany to a general insurrection and was obliged to flee to
Switzerland and afterwards to America, where he died.

HANSEL, Wilhelm (1794-1861). He was first known as a writer of
comedies and afterwards as a painter and designer, and was a
constant figure in Berlin society. He married Fanny Mendelssohn
Bartholdy, who died in 1847.

HERDING, Herr von. A native of Mannheim and a great favourite at
the Court of the Grand Duchess Stephanie of Baden. His sister,
the Princess of Isenburg, also lived at Mannheim after she
became a widow. She was the mother of the Countess of Buol
Schonenstein.

HERZ, Henri (1806-1887). Celebrated pianist and piano dealer.

HESKERN, the Baron de. Dutch diplomatist.

HESS, Baron Heinrich von, the General (1788-1863). Chief of the
Austrian staff of the forces in Lombardy, in 1824; he
distinguished himself under Marshal Radetzky, when the national
Italian movement broke out in 1848. He entered the House of
Lords in 1861.

HESSE-CASSEL, the Elector William of (1777-1847). He was married
three times: to Princess Augusta of Prussia, daughter of
Frederick William II.; to Countess Emilia of Reichenbach; and to
Fraulein Caroline of Berlepsch, who received the title of
Countess of Bergen.

HESSE-CASSEL, the Electress of (1780-1840). A Princess of Prussia
by birth, she married the Elector of Hesse in 1797.

HESSE-HOMBURG, the Landgravine of (1770-1840). Elizabeth, daughter
of King George III. of England, married in 1818 the Margrave
Frederick VI. of Hesse Homburg.

HOCHBERG-FÜRSTENSTEIN, the Count of (1806-1855). Afterwards Prince
of Pless.

HOHENTHAL, Count Alfred of.** Born in 1806 and Chamberlain to the
King of Saxony.

HOHENTHAL, the Countess of* (1808-1845). _Née_ Princess Louise of
Biron-Courlande.

HOHENZOLLERN-HECHINGEN, Princess Pauline of** (1782-1845). _Née_
Princess of Courlande and sister of the Duchesse de Talleyrand.

HOHENZOLLERN-HECHINGEN, Prince Constantine of** (1800-1859). Son
of the Princess Pauline of Courlande. He abdicated in 1849 his
rights over the Principality of Hohenzollern in favour of the
King of Prussia, and received the title of Royal Highness in
1850.

HOLLAND, the Dowager Lady.* Died in 1840. She was Lady Webster by
her first marriage, and her drawing-room at London was famous.

HOLLAND, Lady Maria Augusta (1812-1890). Daughter of the Earl of
Coventry. In 1833 she married Henry, the eldest son and the
successor in 1840, of the third Lord Holland; a nephew of Fox.
Lord Holland (1802-1859) was for some time Minister
Plenipotentiary to the Court of Tuscany. He died at Naples,
leaving no children, and the title is now extinct.

HOTTINGER, Baron Jean Courd (1764-1841). A Swiss by birth and the
founder of important business firms. He was made a baron in
1810. In 1815 he was elected Deputy, and became Governor of the
Bank of France.

HUDEN, Henri. Born in 1810. Legal State Councillor and Professor
at Jena.

HÜGEL, Baron Ernest Eugène von** (1774-1849). Würtemberg General.

HÜGEL, Baron Karl von. Born in 1796. Famous traveller and German
naturalist and Minister Plenipotentiary for Austria to the Grand
Duke of Tuscany from 1850-1859.

HÜGEL, Baron Karl Eugène von (1805-1870). Würtemberg diplomatist
and for a time Minister of Foreign Affairs in his own country.

HUMANN, Jean Georges* (1780-1842). Financier and French statesman.

HUMBOLDT, Alexander von** (1769-1858). Famous German naturalist.

HYDE DE NEUVILLE, the Baron** (1776-1857). French politician and a
strong legitimist.

I

IFFLAND, Augustus Wilhelm (1759-1814). A German actor who made
his first appearance at Gotha and Weimar and was appointed
theatrical manager to the Court of Berlin. He was the author of
many dramatic works.

INGRES, Jean Auguste Dominique (1780-1867). French painter who was
distinguished for the perfection of his drawing.

ISABELLA II., Queen of Spain* (1830-1904).

ISTRIE, the Duchesse Mathilde d'. Daughter of the Comte Joseph de
la Grange, General in the French Army and Peer of France. She
had married Napoleon Bessières, Duc d'Istrie and Peer of France.
He died in 1856.

J

JACQUES COEUR (1400-1456). Silversmith to Charles VII., whom he
provided with means to carry on a war against England.

JAUCOURT, the Marquise Charlotte de* (1762-1848). _Née_ de
Bontemps.

JELLACHICH OF BUZIN, General. As _Ban_ of Croatia, when the
Hungarian revolution broke out in 1848, he took Vienna from the
rebels, but was defeated in 1849 by Bem at Hegyes.

JERSEY, George, Lord (1773-1859). Twice Chamberlain to King
William IV. and twice Master of the Household to Queen Victoria.
He married in 1804 the eldest daughter of the Duke of
Westmorland.

JERSEY, Lady Sarah* (1787-1867). Daughter of the Duke of
Westmorland.

JOCELYN, Lord Robert (1816-1854). Eldest son of Lord Roden.
Viscount Jocelyn first followed a military career; he
accompanied Lord Saltoun to China as Secretary in 1841 and
entered Parliament in 1842. He was Secretary to the War Office
under Derby's Ministry, and died of cholera.

JOINVILLE, François d'Orléans, Prince de** (1818-1900). Third son
of King Louis Philippe.

JOINVILLE, the Princesse Françoise de (1824-1898). _Née_ Princess
of Branganza, daughter of the Emperor of Brazil, she married the
Prince de Joinville in 1844.

JOUFFROY, M. Officer of the Legion of Honour, Member of the
Institute and of the Royal Council of Education and Deputy for
Doubs.

K

KAGENECK, Countess Fanny of (1799-1861). Lady of Honour to the
Grand Duchess Stephanie of Baden.

KANITZ-DALWITZ, Baron von, the General (1787-1850). After taking
part in all the wars of Prussia against France, he was appointed
professor at the military school of Berlin, and in 1827 Minister
Plenipotentiary to Constantinople; afterwards he was sent to
Hanover and to Vienna on different missions.

KANITZ, Count Augustus von, General (1773-1852). Minister of War
in Prussia in 1848. He married the Countess Louise Schulenburg,
who died in 1830.

KAROLYI, the Countess (1805-1844). Daughter of Prince Louise of
Kaunitz-Reutberg, she married in 1823 Count Louis Karolyi. The
Countess was known at Vienna under the nickname of Nandine.

KAULBACH, Wilhelm von (1805-1874). One of the most famous German
painters of the nineteenth century.

KISSELEFF, Count Nicholas. Died in 1869. Represented Russia at
Paris under the reign of Louis Philippe. He was Minister to the
Holy Chair and afterwards at Florence. He was a brother of
General Kisseleff, for a long time Ambassador at Paris under the
Second Empire.

KOMAR, Nathalie de (1818-1860). Sixth child of Stanislas of Komar
and of his wife, _née_ Orlowska. She married in 1850 an Italian,
the Count of Medici Spada, who had led a very adventurous life.
She was the sister of the Countess Delphine Potocka and of the
Princesse Charles de Beauvau.

KOSSUTH, Louis (1802-1894). Leader of the Hungarian Revolution in
1848: he was born of a noble but poor Croatian family, seventeen
members of which had been prosecuted for high treason by the
Austrian Government. After the events of 1848 he was obliged to
take to flight, and took refuge first at London, where, with
Mazzini and Ledru-Rollin, he formed a kind of democratic
triumvirate, and afterwards at Turin where he died.

KRÜDENER, the Baroness of** (1764-1824). Of Russian origin and
known for her mystical ideas.

KÜBECK DE KUBAU, Karl Friedrich (1780-1855). Austrian statesman
and member of the Council of State from 1814; he was especially
active in organising the Lombard-Venetian Kingdom and the Tyrol.
In 1839 he was appointed president of the General Financial
Directory. After the events of 1848 he retired.

L

LA BESNARDIÈRE, J. B. Goney de* (1765-1843). At one time a French
politician, he had withdrawn to Touraine after 1819, and was a
friend of the Talleyrand family.

LABLACHE, Louis (1794-1858). Famous Neapolitan singer of French
origin.

LABOUCHÈRE, Henry* (1798-1861). Member of the English Parliament,
afterwards Lord Taunton.

LA BOULAYE, the Vicomte J. B. de (1781-1836). French man of
letters and publicist, who remained consistently loyal to the
monarchy and to Charles X., whose secretary he had been.

LACAVE-LAPLAGNE, Jean Pierre** (1795-1849). At first officer,
afterwards magistrate and several times Minister under Louis
Philippe.

LACORDAIRE, Henri** (1802-1861). A great Dominican preacher, he
restored the Dominican Order in France. A member of the French
Academy.

LADENBERG, Adalbert von (1798-1855). Prussian statesman, twice
Minister of Education and Public Worship: in 1850 he was made
Privy Councillor and President of the Financial Chamber.

LA FERTÉ, the Comte Hubert de (1806-1872). An ardent legitimist;
one of the most devoted servants of the Comte de Chambord. He
had married the daughter of the Comte Molé.

LA FERRONNAYS, the Comtesse de. She was a daughter of Comte Joseph
de la Grange, General and Peer of France.

LAFFITTE, Jacques** (1767-1844). French financier who took an
active part in the revolution of 1830.

LAMBERG, Count Franz Philip von, General (1791-1848). In 1848 he
was appointed Commissioner of the Realm of Hungary and chief of
the Hungarian troops by the Austrian Emperor, but the National
Assembly at Pesth refused to recognise his nomination, and he
was put to death by the people.

LAMENNAIS, the Abbé de (1782-1854). A Catholic but revolutionary
writer, whose opinions were condemned by the Roman Court, which
excommunicated him.

LANSDOWNE, the Marquis of* (1780-1863). English politician.

LA REDORTE, the Comte de.* French officer and afterwards
diplomatist.

LA REDORTE, the Comtesse de. Died in 1885. _Née_ Louise Suchet,
daughter of the Marshal d'Albuféra. She had married M. de La
Redorte, Ambassador and Peer of France in 1841.

LA ROCHE-AYMON, the Comtesse de (1787-1858). Widow of the General,
the Marquis de La Roche-Aymon, _aide-de-camp_ to Prince Henry of
Prussia, younger brother of Frederick the Great.

LA ROCHEFOUCAULD-DOUDEAUVILLE, the Duc Sosthène de** (1785-1864).
A French man of letters, he was a strong Legitimist throughout
his life. His first wife, whom he married in 1807, was Elizabeth
de Montmorency Laval (1790-1834).

LA ROCHEFOUCAULD, the Comte Alexandre de (1767-1841). An _émigré_
during the revolution, he returned to France under the
Consulate, and supported Napoleon. His wife, _née_ de Chastulé,
and a relative of Josephine, became Lady of Honour to the
Empress. M. de La Rochefoucauld entered a diplomatic career, and
was Ambassador at Vienna and in Holland. He was elected Deputy
in 1822, and entered the Chamber of Peers in 1831.

LA ROCHEFOUCAULD, the Comte Wilfrid de. Born in 1798. Son of the
foregoing, whom he succeeded as Duc d'Estissac in 1841.

LA ROCHEJAQUELEIN, Auguste du Vergier, Comte de (1784-1868).
Officer under the Empire, he also took part in the Spanish
campaign of 1823. Louis XVIII. had given him the rank of
Field-Marshal in 1818.

LA ROCHEJAQUELEIN, the Comtesse Felicie de. Daughter of Amédée de
Durfort, last Duc de Duras. She had married as her first husband
Léopold de la Trémouille, Prince of Talmont; and in 1819 she had
married the Comte A. de La Rochejaquelein.

LA ROCHEJAQUELEIN, Georges du Vergier, Marquis de (1805-1867). He
was made a peer of France by Louis XVIII., but did not take his
seat in the Upper Chamber, as he refused to take the oath to the
July Government. He supported the revolution of 1848, and then
became estranged from the Legitimists and became Senator under
the Empire.

LASALLE, Louis Théodore de (1789-1846). Major of cavalry and
orderly officer to Louis Philippe. He was elected Deputy in
1839.

LA TOUR, Theodore Baillet, General, Comte de (1780-1848). Austrian
Field-Marshal. Minister of War in 1848, he exasperated the
people of Vienna by his severity and was slaughtered.

LA TOUR-MAUBOURG, the Marquis de (1781-1847). French diplomatist,
Chargé d'Affaires at Constantinople, and Minister
Plenipotentiary to Würtemburg under the Empire. Under the
Restoration he was Minister in Hanover and Saxony, Ambassador at
Constantinople and Naples. In 1831 he was made Ambassador at
Rome and entered the Chamber of Peers.

LAUZUN, the Duc de (1633-1723). One of the favourites at the Court
of Louis XIV. He married the Grande Mademoiselle.

LAZAREFF, Madame de (1813-1881). The Princesse Antoinette de
Biron-Courlande married General Lazareff, who was in the Russian
service.

LE COURTIER, François Joseph (1799-1885). A distinguished preacher
and priest of foreign missions, chief priest and canon of Notre
Dame, he was appointed Bishop of Montpelier, and resigned in
1873. He was then made Archbishop of Sébaste _in partibus_, and
Canon of Saint Denis in 1875.

LE HON, the Comte** (1792-1868). Belgian Minister at Paris for
many years.

LE HON, the Comtesse. Died in 1880. _Née_ Mathilde de Mosselmann,
she had married the Comte Le Hon in 1827.

LEIBNITZ, Wilhelm (1646-1716). A famous philosopher and German man
of science, born at Leipzig, and a leader of the Optimist
School.

LEININGEN, Prince Charles of (1804-1856), or Prince of Linange.**
Son of the first marriage of the Duchess of Kent, mother of
Queen Victoria.

LERCHENFELD, Count Gustavus Anton von (1806-1866). A Bavarian
statesman who acquired a great reputation on financial
questions, and formed part of the Ministry of 1848.

LESPINASSE, Mlle. de (1732-1776). In her _salon_ the most famous
encyclopædists used to meet, as they were admirers of the wit of
Mlle. de Lespinasse.

LEUCHTENBERG, the Duchess Augusta of (1788-1851). A daughter of
King Maximilian I. of Bavaria. She married in 1808 Prince Eugène
de Beauharnais, son of the first marriage of the Empress
Josephine; he was Viceroy of Italy and Duke of Leuchtenberg.

LEUCHTENBERG, Prince Max of* (1817-1852). Son of Eugène de
Beauharnais.

LEVESON, George (1815-1891). English diplomatist. At first Member
of the House of Commons, he came into the title of Lord
Granville at his father's death; in 1856 he was sent as
Ambassador Extraordinary to Moscow for the Coronation of
Alexander II. His Parliamentary attitude was well known for its
conciliatory character, and he finally retired with Mr.
Gladstone in 1886.

LICHTENSTEIN, Joseph Wenzel, Prince of (1696-1773). General and
Austrian statesman. A great friend of Prince Eugène of Savoy
with whom he conducted the wars of 1716 and 1718 against the
Turks.

LICHTENSTEIN, Prince Wenzel of. Born in 1767. Major-General in the
Austrian service.

LICHTENSTEIN, Prince Ludwig of (1796-1858). Head of the family of
Lichtenstein.

LICHTENSTEIN, Princess Louisa of (1810-1881). The Countess Frances
Kinsky had married in 1831 Prince Ludwig of Lichtenstein.

LIEBERMANN, Baron A. of.** Prussian diplomatist.

LIEVEN, the Princesse de* (1784-1857). _Née_ De Benkendorff.

LISZT, François (1811-1886). Famous Hungarian pianist and
composer.

LIVERPOOL, Cecil Jenkinson, Lord (1784-1851). He married Julia
Evelyn Medley, who died in 1814 leaving only daughters, and thus
the Earldom of Liverpool became extinct in 1851. The baronetcy
passed to his cousin, Sir Charles Jenkinson (1879-1855), M.P.

LOLA MONTES, Maria Dolores Porris y Montes, so-called (1818-1861).
Famous adventuress, who completely turned the head of King
Ludwig I. of Bavaria; he gave her in succession the titles of
Baroness of Rosenthal and Countess of Lansfeld. The scandal was
so great that the Ministry resigned, and the King was forced to
abdicate in 1848.

LOMBARD, Henri (1825-1843). Nephew of Dr. Andral.

LONDONDERRY, Lord (1778-1854). Officer and French diplomatist.

LOTTUM, the Countess Clotilde (1809-1894). Eldest daughter of
Prince Wilhelm of Putbus. Married in 1828 Count Friedrich
Hermann of Wylich and Lottum, Chamberlain at the Prussian Court,
and Minister at Naples for several years.

LOUISE DE LORRAINE, Queen of France (1554-1601). Daughter of
Nicholas of Lorraine, Count of Vaudémont. She married King Henry
III. in 1575.

LOW COUNTRIES, King William I. of the (1772-1848). Son of the
Stathouder, William V. of Nassau. He first married Princess
Frederica of Prussia; then the Comtesse d'Oultremont
morganatically, and abdicated in 1840.

LOW COUNTRIES, King William II. of the (1792-1849). He married
Anna Paulowna, daughter of the Emperor Paul of Russia.

LOW COUNTRIES, the Hereditary Prince of the (1817-1891). He
married in 1839 Princess Sophia of Würtemberg, and became
William III. on his accession to the throne in 1849.

LUCCA, Charles Louis de Bourbon, Duc de. Born in 1799. Son of the
Infanta Maria Louisa of Spain, formerly Queen of Etruria. He
married in 1820 Princess Maria Theresa, daughter of the King of
Sardinia Victor Emanuel I., and was already Duke of Parma when
he inherited the Duchy of Lucca in 1848. Expelled from his
estates, he abdicated in 1849 in favour of his son, Charles
III., born in 1825, who had married in 1845 Louise de Bourbon,
daughter of the Duc de Berry. He was assassinated in 1854.

LUDOLF, Franz, Count of (1784-1863). Austrian Field-Marshal.

LUDRE, the Comtesse de (1800-1886). _Née_ Girardin. A very
distinguished woman in whose _salon_ were to be met M. de
Falloux, Mgr. Dupanloup, MM. de Coriolis, de Montmorency, &c.

LURDE, Alexis Louis de. Born in 1800. Set out for Spain as a
volunteer in 1823, and became Captain of the Guard to the King
of Spain. In 1827 he entered the French diplomatic service. In
1833 he was appointed Secretary at Lisbon, and in 1838 at Rome.
He then became Minister Plenipotentiary to Buenos Ayres until
the revolution of 1848. In 1849 he was accredited to Berlin for
several months.

LUYNES, the Duchesse Elisabeth de (1753-1830). _Née_ de
Montmorency Laval, she had married in 1768 the Duc de Luynes,
and was Lady-in-Waiting to Queen Marie Antoinette. Of very
liberal opinions, very intelligent and original, the Duchesse
often wore men's dress. She was an intimate friend of the Prince
de Talleyrand, and died suddenly in her castle of Esclimont.

M

MACAULAY, Thomas Babington, Lord (1800-1859). English historian,
Member of Parliament and of the Privy Council, Minister of War
from 1839-1841.

MACLEOD, Alexander. An English subject, MacLeod was tried in 1841
at New York for presumed complicity in the burning of the
steamboat _Caroline_ on the Niagara in 1837. He was acquitted
after a narrow escape from the gallows.

MACKAU, Baron Armand de, the Admiral (1788-1855). Peer of France
in 1841, he was Naval and Colonial Minister in 1843, in place of
Admiral Roussin, but resigned in 1847. He entered the Senate in
1852.

MADEMOISELLE Louise, daughter of the Duc and Duchesse de Berry
(1819-1864). Often also called Mlle. de Rosny after the exile.
She married in 1845 the Duc de Parme, who was assassinated in
1854. She acted as Regent during the minority of her son, Duc
Robert.

MAGNAN, Bernard Pierre (1791-1865). Made Marshal of France by
Napoleon III.

MAHON, Lady Emily. Died in 1873. Daughter of General Sir Edward
Kerrison. Married in 1838 Philip Henry Stanhope, Viscount Mahon
(1805-1875), who became Lord Stanhope on the death of his father
in 1855. He was a historian and a distinguished diplomatist.

MAILLÉ, the Marquise de. _Née_ Mlle. Baudon, she had married in
1831 the Marquis de Tour Landry.

MAISTRE, the Comte Rodolphe de (1789-1865). Son of Comte Joseph de
Maistre. He was Governor of Genoa afterwards of Nice.

MAISTRE, Adèle de. Born in 1787. Sister of Comte R. de Maistre,
she married the Baron de Terray very late in life.

MAISTRE, the Comtesse Azélia de (1799-1881). Eldest daughter of
the Marquis de Plan de Sieyès, retired naval officer, she
married at Valence in 1819 the Comte R. de Maistre.

MAISTRE, Francesca de. Born in 1821. Daughter of the Comte
Rodolphe de Maistre. In 1842 she entered the Order of the
Daughters of Saint Vincent de Paul.

MALTZAN, Count** (1783-1843). Prussian diplomatist.

MALTZAN, Countess Alexandrina von (1818-1894). Daughter of the
foregoing, and married in 1841 Lord Beauvale, who was then
English Ambassador at Vienna. After his death in 1853, she
married in 1856 George Wild Forrester.

MANTEUFFEL, Baron Otho von (1805-1879). Home Secretary in 1848 in
the Brandenburg Cabinet; Leader of the Cabinet and Foreign
Secretary in 1851; Plenipotentiary Minister at the Paris
Congress in 1856.

MARIA CHRISTINA, Queen** (1806-1878). Daughter of King Francis I.
of Naples, and third wife of Ferdinand VII., King of Spain.

MARIE LOUISE, the Empress (1791-1847). Daughter of the Emperor of
Austria, Francis II.; she married Napoleon I. in 1810.

MARIO, Joseph, Marquis of Candia (1808-1883). Italian singer. Born
at Turin, he first entered the Sardinian Cavalry as an officer.
He then deserted, and came to Paris in 1836. He made his first
appearance at the theatre in 1838, and was afterwards most
successful.

MARMONT, Marshal, Auguste Frederic Louis, Duc de Raguse
(1774-1852). Took part in all the wars under the Republic and
the Empire, and enjoyed high favour under the Restoration, when
he became peer of France. Louis Philippe, however, struck him
off the Army List for accompanying Charles X. to England, and
from that time the Marquis lived abroad.

MARS, Mlle. (1778-1847). Famous French actress. One of the
first-rate actresses who restored the glory of the French
theatre.

MARTIN DU NORD, Nicolas Ferdinand* (1789-1862). French politician.

MASSA, the Duchesse de.* Born in 1792. Daughter of the Duc de
Tarente, and widow of Régnier, Duc de Massa.

MATTHIOLI, Count Girolamo. Born in 1640. Minister to Charles III.,
the Duke of Mantua, he was commissioned to negotiate the secret
Treaty with France, but he sold the secret. The French
Ambassador was informed of this treachery, enticed him to
French territory, and had him arrested and confined at Pignerol;
for a long time he was supposed to be the "Man in the Iron
Mask." In 1681 he was taken to Exiles with the "Man in the Iron
Mask," and in 1687 one of the two died. The dead man was thought
to be Matthioli.

MATUSIEWICZ, Count* (1790-1842). Russian diplomatist.

MECKLENBURG-SCHWERIN, the Dowager Grand Duchess of** (1771-1871).
By birth a Princess of Hesse-Homburg, and stepmother to the
Duchesse d'Orléans.

MECKLENBURG-SCHWERIN, Duke Gustavus of* (1781-1861). One of the
sons of the Grand Duke Francis of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.

MECKLENBURG-SCHWERIN, Duke Albert of (1812-1842). Son of the Grand
Duke Frederick Francis and of the Princess Caroline of
Saxe-Weimar, and brother of the Duchesse d'Orléans.

MECKLENBURG-SCHWERIN, the Grand Duke Frederick of (1823-1883). His
mother was a Prussian Princess. He was a good soldier, and
fought with distinction. He was thrice married.

MECKLENBURG-STRELITZ, the Grand Duke George of** (1779-1860). He
married in 1817 a Princess of Hesse-Cassel.

MECKLENBURG-STRELITZ, Hereditary Grand Duke Frederick William of
(1819-1904). Succeeded his father in 1860. He became blind at an
early age, and married the eldest daughter of Adolphus, Duke of
Cambridge.

MECKLENBURG-STRELITZ, Duke George of (1824-1876). Younger brother
of the foregoing. He entered the Russian service, and married
the Grand Duchess Catherine, daughter of the Grand Duke Michael
of Russia.

MEDEM, Count Paul* (1800-1854). Russian diplomatist and cousin of
the Duchesse de Talleyrand.

MEHEMET ALI (1769-1849). Viceroy of Egypt. In two wars against the
Porte, in 1832 and 1839, his son Ibrahim was his lieutenant. He
entirely reformed the Egyptian army and was recognised by the
Government as hereditary Pasha.

MELBOURNE, William Lamb, Lord* (1779-1848). English politician.

MELBOURNE, Lady. Died in 1828. _Née_ Lady Caroline Ponsonby and
daughter of Lord Bessborough, she had married in 1805 Lord
Melbourne. She obtained a certain literary reputation. Notorious
for her intimacy with Lord Byron, she was soon divorced by her
husband.

MELZI, Duke Ludovico (1820-1886). A rich lord of Milan, he married
as his first wife a daughter of the Marquis de Brignole Sale. In
1869 he was left a widower, and in 1876 married his cousin, the
Countess Josephine Melzi, _née_ Barbo, herself the widow of the
Count Jacques Melzi, who had died a year previously.

MELZI, the Duchess. Died in 1869 at Geneva. Louise de Brignole
Sale had married in 1842 Duke Melzi.

MERAN, the Count of (1839-1892). Son of the morganatic marriage of
the Archduke John with the Countess of Meran.

METTERNICH, Prince Clement* (1773-1859). Austrian statesman.

METTERNICH, Princess Melanie of (1805-1854). Third wife of Prince
Metternich and daughter of Count Francis Zichy Ferraris.

MEULAN, Madame de. Wife of a superintendent of Taxes to the Paris
Corporation and mother of the first Madame Guizot.

MEYENDORFF, Baron Peter of (1792-1863). Russian diplomatist and
for a long time Minister Plenipotentiary at Berlin, and
afterwards at Vienna; at a later date he was Minister of the
Imperial Domains and Appanages at St. Petersburg and Member of
the Council of the Empire.

MEYENDORFF, the Baroness of. Born in 1800. Wilhelmina Sophia of
Buol Schönstein, married in 1830 the Baron of Meyendorff. She
was an exceedingly clever woman of very independent character.

MIGNET, François Auguste Marie* (1796-1884). French historian and
member of the Academy.

MITFORD, John (1781-1859). English writer and scholar, who
published several learned works and some poems.

MODENA, Duke Francis V. of (1819-1875). Archduke of Austria Este,
he married in 1842 the Duchess Aldegonde of Bavaria, and
succeeded his father in 1846. His duchy was added to the estates
of the King of Sardinia in 1860.

MOLAY, Jacques de. Last Grand Master of the Order of Templars; he
entered this Order in 1265. He was arrested and condemned upon
unjust charges which Philip IV., the Fair, levelled at his
Order, the riches of which he coveted. Molay was burnt alive in
1314.

MOLÉ, Guillaume, died in 1459. He was a squire who, acting in
conjunction with his brother-in-law, Jean l'Esguisé, drove the
English from Troyes under Charles VII.

MOLÉ, Mathieu (1584-1656). A Councillor in the Paris Parliament,
afterwards chief Financial Minister and first President; during
the disturbances of the Fronde he attempted to reconcile the
parties and always showed much firmness and dignity. He was
appointed Guardian of the Seals in 1650.

MOLÉ, the Comte Mathieu* (1781-1855). Peer of France and member of
the Academy. Politician under the Empire and the July monarchy.

MOLLIEN, the Comte Francois (1758-1850). Financier and Peer of
France.

MOLLIEN, the Comtesse* (1785-1878). Lady-in-Waiting to Queen Marie
Amélie.

MOLYNEUX, Hon. Francis George (1805-1886). Third son of William
Philip, Lord Sefton; he was Secretary to the English Embassy at
the Germanic Confederation. He married, in 1842, Lady Georgina
Ashburnham, whose marriage with H. R. Mitford had been
dissolved, and who died in 1882.

MONCEY, Marshal Adrien, Duc de Conegliano (1754-1842). Son of a
lawyer in the Parliament of the Franche Comté, he enlisted at
the age of fifteen, and took part in almost all the campaigns
under the Republic and the Empire. In 1814 he defended Paris
heroically, and was appointed Governor of the Invalides in 1834.

MONTALEMBERT, the Comte Charles de** (1810-1870). French publicist
and politician and one of the most brilliant defenders of
liberal Catholicism.

MONTCALM, Paul de Saint Veran, Marquis de (1756-1812). As a naval
officer he took part in the War of Independence in America, and
became a Member of the States-General in 1789. In 1790 he went
into exile in Spain, and afterwards went to Piedmont, where he
died.

MONTEBELLO, Napoleon Auguste Lannes, Duc de (1801-1874). Son of
the Marshal Lannes and Peer of France. He followed a diplomatic
career.

MONTEMOLIN, Carlos Luis Maria Fernando de Bourbon, Count of
(1818-1861). Infanta of Spain; a Son of Don Carlos, who
abdicated his rights in his favour in 1844. He made several
attempts to recover his rights, but unsuccessfully.

MONTESQUIOU-FEZENSAC, the Abbé François Xavier de (1767-1832).
Agent-General for the clergy in 1785, Deputy in the
States-General in 1789, and President of the Constituent
Assembly in 1790. After the ninth of Thermidor he was one of the
many agents appointed by Louis XVIII. to defend his cause in
France. The First Consul sent him into exile therefore to
Mantua. In 1814 he was a Member of the Provisional Government,
and on May 13 was appointed Minister of the Interior; under the
second Restoration he remained a Minister of State and was made
a Peer of France.

MONTJOYE, the Comtesse de. Died in 1848. Sister of the Marquis de
Dolomieu; appointed Lady-of-Honour to Madame Adélaïde, sister of
Louis Philippe, she never left this Princess from the time of
her youth. She died in England, where she had accompanied the
Royal Family into exile.

MONTMORENCY, the Duchesse de* (1774-1846). Mother of Raoul de
Montmorency, of the Princesse de Bauffremont, and of the
Duchesse de Valençay.

MONTMORENCY, Baron Raoul de* (1790-1862). Became Duc on his
father's death.

MONTMORENCY, the Baronne de (1787-1858). _Née_ Euphémie de
Harchies: she married, as her first husband, Comte Thibaut de
Montmorency, and as her second Baron Raoul de Montmorency.

MONTMORENCY, the Duchesse Mathieu de (1774-1858). _Née_ Hortense
de Chevreuse Luynes.

MONTPENSIER, Antoine d'Orléans, Duc de (1824-1890). Youngest son
of King Louis Philippe; he married in 1846 the Infanta Louise of
Spain, sister of Queen Isabella II.

MONTROND, the Comte de* (1757-1843). A friend of M. de Talleyrand.

MORNAY, the Comte de* (1803-1878). Peer of France and Ambassador.

MORPETH, George William Frederick, Earl of Carlisle* (1802-1864).
Secretary of State for Ireland from 1835-1841, Commissioner of
Woods and Forests from 1846-1850, Chancellor of the Duchy of
Lancaster from 1850-1852, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland from
1855-1858 and from 1859 to 1864; he was one of the most popular
Governors that Ireland ever had, but ill-health forced him to
resign and he died shortly afterwards. He was never married, and
his title passed to his brother William George, who became the
eighth Earl of Carlisle.

MOSKOWA, the Prince de la* (1803-1857). Eldest son of Marshal Ney.

MOUNIER, the Baron** (1784-1843). Financier and Peer of France.

MUÑOZ, Fernando** (1810-1873). Born of an obscure family, he
secured the favour of Queen Maria Christina, who contracted a
morganatic marriage with him three months after the death of
Ferdinand VII. He never showed any personal ambition, aspired to
be nothing more than the Queen's husband, and merely accepted
the title of Duke of Rianzares.

N

NAPIER, Sir Charles (1786-1860). Admiral Napier distinguished
himself in 1810 by several feats of arms; in 1833 he did good
service to the cause of Doña Maria, Queen of Portugal, by
defeating Dom Miguel. In the expedition against Syria he
supported the Turkish forces, and signed the treaty enforced by
England upon Mehemet Ali.

NARBONNE, the Comtesse Louis de. _Née_ Marie Adélaïde Montholon,
she had married Lieutenant-General the Comte de Narbonne,
youngest son of the Comte Jean François de Narbonne Lara.

NASSAU, the Duchess Pauline of (1810-1856). Daughter of Prince
Paul of Würtemberg. She married Duke William of Nassau, whose
widow she became in 1839.

NASSAU, Duke Adolphus of. Born in 1817. His first wife, whom he
married in 1844, was the Grand Duchess Elizabeth of Russia. In
1851 he married the Princess Adelaide of Anhalt-Dessau.

NEALE, Countess Pauline** (1779-1869). Lady-of-Honour to Princess
Louise of Prussia and wife of Prince Antoine Radziwill.

NEIPPERG, Countess Marie of (1816-1890). Daughter of King William
I. of Würtemberg. She married in 1840 Count Alfred of Neipperg,
formerly the husband of the Countess of Grisoni. He was born in
1807, and was the eldest son of Count Albert of Neipperg,
chamberlain of the Archduchess Marie Louise, the Duchess of
Parma, by his first marriage with Countess Theresa Pola, by whom
he had had five children, and who had procured a divorce from
Count Trento in order to marry him.

NEMOURS, Louis Charles d'Orléans, Duc de* (1814-1896). Second son
of Louis Philippe.

NEMOURS, the Duchesse de (1822-1852). Victoire, daughter of Prince
Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. She married the Duc de Nemours
in 1840.

NESSELRODE, Count* (1780-1862). Russian diplomatist and afterwards
Chancellor of the Empire.

NESSELRODE, Countess.* Died in 1849. _Née_ Gourieff.

NEUMANN, Baron. Austrian diplomatist and several times Ambassador.
In England he married a daughter of the Duke of Beaufort, by
name Charlotte.

NEUWIED, Prince William of (1814-1864). Major-General in the
Prussian service.

NEUWIED, the Princess of. Born in 1825. Princess Marie of Nassau
married in 1842 Prince William of Neuwied.

NEY, Marshal* (1769-1815). Known to Napoleon as "the bravest of
the brave."

NEY, wife of the foregoing, Duchesse d'Elchingen, Princess de la
Moskowa. _Née_ Aglae Auguié, her mother, Madame Auguié, had been
chambermaid to Queen Marie Antoinette. She married General Ney
in 1802.

NEY, Edgard (1812-1822). Prince de la Moskowa, orderly officer to
Napoleon III., who gave him a commission to the Papal
Government. He took part in the Italian War of 1859.