Chapter III: Of Water, as Painted by Turner

Sec. 1. The difficulty of giving surface to smooth water. 355
Sec. 2. Is dependent on the structure of the eye, and the focus by
which the reflected rays are perceived. 355
Sec. 3. Morbid clearness occasioned in painting of water by
distinctness of reflections. 356
Sec. 4. How avoided by Turner. 357
Sec. 5. All reflections on distant water are distinct. 357
Sec. 6. The error of Vandevelde. 358
Sec. 7. Difference in arrangement of parts between the reflected
object and its image. 359
Sec. 8. Illustrated from the works of Turner. 359
Sec. 9. The boldness and judgment shown in the observance of it. 360
Sec. 10. The _texture_ of surface in Turner's painting of calm water. 361
Sec. 11. Its united qualities. 361
Sec. 12. Relation of various circumstances of past agitation, &c., by
the most trifling incidents, as in the Cowes. 363
Sec. 13. In scenes on the Loire and Seine. 363
Sec. 14. Expression of contrary waves caused by recoil from shore. 364
Sec. 15. Various other instances. 364
Sec. 16. Turner's painting of distant expanses of water.--Calm,
interrupted by ripple. 365
Sec. 17. And rippled, crossed by sunshine. 365
Sec. 18. His drawing of distant rivers. 366
Sec. 19. And of surface associated with mist. 367
Sec. 20. His drawing of falling water, with peculiar expression of
weight. 367
Sec. 21. The abandonment and plunge of great cataracts. How given by
him. 368
Sec. 22. Difference in the action of water, when continuous and when
interrupted. The interrupted stream fills the hollows of
its bed. 369
Sec. 23. But the continuous stream takes the shape of its bed. 370
Sec. 24. Its exquisite curved lines. 370
Sec. 25. Turner's careful choice of the historical truth. 370
Sec. 26. His exquisite drawing of the continuous torrent in the
Llanthony Abbey. 371
Sec. 27. And of the interrupted torrent in the Mercury and Argus. 372
Sec. 28. Various cases. 372
Sec. 29. Sea painting. Impossibility of truly representing foam. 373
Sec. 30. Character of shore-breakers, also inexpressible. 374
Sec. 31. Their effect how injured when seen from the shore. 375
Sec. 32. Turner's expression of heavy rolling sea. 376
Sec. 33. With peculiar expression of weight. 376
Sec. 34. Peculiar action of recoiling waves. 377
Sec. 35. And of the stroke of a breaker on the shore. 377
Sec. 36. General character of sea on a rocky coast given by Turner in
the Land's End. 378
Sec. 37. Open seas of Turner's earlier time. 379
Sec. 38. Effect of sea after prolonged storm. 380
Sec. 39. Turner's noblest work, the painting of the deep open sea in
the Slave Ship. 382
Sec. 40. Its united excellences and perfection as a whole. 383

SECTION VI.

OF TRUTH OF VEGETATION.--CONCLUSION.