Chapter I: Of Truth of Vegetation

Sec. 1. Frequent occurrence of foliage in the works of the old
masters. 384
Sec. 2. Laws common to all forest trees. Their branches do not taper,
but only divide. 385
Sec. 3. Appearance of tapering caused by frequent buds. 385
Sec. 4. And care of nature to conceal the parallelism. 386
Sec. 5. The degree of tapering which may be represented as continuous. 386
Sec. 6. The trees of Gaspar Poussin. 386
Sec. 7. And of the Italian school generally, defy this law. 387
Sec. 8. The truth, as it is given by J. D. Harding. 387
Sec. 9. Boughs, in consequence of this law, _must_ diminish where they
divide. Those of the old masters often do not. 388
Sec. 10. Boughs must multiply as they diminish. Those of the old
masters do not. 389
Sec. 11. Bough-drawing of Salvator. 390
Sec. 12. All these errors especially shown in Claude's sketches, and
concentrated in a work of G. Poussin's. 391
Sec. 13. Impossibility of the angles of boughs being taken out of them
by wind. 392
Sec. 14. Bough-drawing of Titian. 392
Sec. 15. Bough-drawing of Turner. 394
Sec. 16. Leafage. Its variety and symmetry. 394
Sec. 17. Perfect regularity of Poussin. 395
Sec. 18. Exceeding intricacy of nature's foliage. 396
Sec. 19. How contradicted by the tree-patterns of G. Poussin. 396
Sec. 20. How followed by Creswick. 397
Sec. 21. Perfect unity in nature's foliage. 398
Sec. 22. Total want of it in Both and Hobbima. 398
Sec. 23. How rendered by Turner. 399
Sec. 24. The near leafage of Claude. His middle distances are good. 399
Sec. 25. Universal termination of trees in symmetrical curves. 400
Sec. 26. Altogether unobserved by the old masters. Always given by
Turner. 401
Sec. 27. Foliage painting on the Continent. 401
Sec. 28. Foliage of J. D. Harding. Its deficiencies. 402
Sec. 29. His brilliancy of execution too manifest. 403
Sec. 30. His bough-drawing, and choice of form. 404
Sec. 31. Local color, how far expressible in black and white, and with
what advantage. 404
Sec. 32. Opposition between great manner and great knowledge. 406
Sec. 33. Foliage of Cox, Fielding, and Cattermole. 406
Sec. 34. Hunt and Creswick. Green, how to be rendered expressive of
light, and offensive if otherwise. 407
Sec. 35. Conclusion. Works of J. Linnel and S. Palmer. 407

CHAPTER II.--General remarks respecting the Truth of Turner.

Sec. 1. No necessity of entering into discussion of architectural
truth. 409
Sec. 2. Extreme difficulty of illustrating or explaining the highest
truth. 410
Sec. 3. The _positive_ rank of Turner is in no degree shown in the
foregoing pages, but only his relative rank. 410
Sec. 4. The exceeding refinement of his truth. 411
Sec. 5. There is nothing in his works which can be enjoyed without
knowledge. 411
Sec. 6. And nothing which knowledge will not enable us to enjoy. 412
Sec. 7. His former rank and progress. 412
Sec. 8. Standing of his present works. Their mystery is the
consequence of their fulness. 413