Chapter I: Part 1

Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they are listed at the end of the text.

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{341} NOTES AND QUERIES:

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No. 233.] SATURDAY, APRIL 15. 1854. [Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.

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CONTENTS.

NOTES:-- Page
Palindrome Verses 343
Children crying at their Birth 343
Unpublished Letter of Lord Nelson, by E. G. Bass 344

FOLK LORE:--Devonshire Superstitions--Quacks--Burning a
Tooth with Salt 344
Parallel Passages, by H. L. Temple, Cuthbert Bede, &c. 345

MINOR NOTES:--Vallancey's Green Book--Herrings--Byron and
Rochefoucauld--"Abscond"--Garlands, Broadsheets, &c.--
Life-belts--Turkey and Russia--"Verbatim et literatim" 347

QUERIES:--
Prints of London before the Great Fire 348
Battle of Otterburn, by J. S. Warden 348
De Beauvoir Pedigree, by T. R. Potter 349

MINOR QUERIES:--Dog-whippers: Frankincense--Atchievement in
Yorkshire: Lipyeatt Family--"Waestart"--Rebellion of 1715--
"Athenian Sport"--Gutta Percha made soluble--Arms of Anthony
Kitchen--Griesbach Arms--Postage System of the Romans--Three
Crowns and Sugar-loaf--Helen MacGregor--Francis Grose the
Antiquary--"King of Kings:" Bishop Andrews' Sermons--Scroope
Family--Harrison the Regicide: Lowle--"Chair" or "Char"--
Aches--Leeming Hall--Caricature; a Canterbury Tale--Perpetual
Curates not represented in Convocation--Dr. Whichcote and
Dorothy Jordan--Moral Philosophy--Shelley's "Prometheus
Unbound"--Turkish Language 349

MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Illustrated Bible of 1527--
Heraldic Query--Richard de Sancto Victorie--St. Blase 352

REPLIES:--
Leicester as Ranger of Snowdon 353
Inman Family, by T. Hughes 353
Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, by Dr. E. F. Rimbault 354
Hardman's Account of Waterloo 355
Churches in "Domesday Book," by Wm. Dobson 355
Memoirs of Grammont, by W. H. Lammin 356
Celtic and Latin Languages 356

PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Box Sawdust for Collodion--
Proportions of Chlorides and Silver--Photographic Copies of
Rembrandt--Coloured Photographs 358

REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Dr. Eleazar Duncon--Christian
Names--Abigail--"Begging the question"--Russian Emperors--
Garble--Electric Telegraph--Butler's "Lives of the Saints"--
Anticipatory Use of the Cross--The Marquis of Granby, &c. 359

MISCELLANEOUS:--
Books and Odd Volumes wanted 362
Notices to Correspondents 362

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ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE STREETS OF DUBLIN, and CELTIC RECORDS OF IRELAND, ETC.

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{343}

_LONDON, SATURDAY, APRIL_ 15, 1854.

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Notes.

PALINDROME VERSES.

BOEOTICUS inquires (Vol. vi., p 209.) whence comes the line--

"Roma tibi subito motibus ibit amor."

In p. 352. of the same volume W. W. T. (quoting from D'Israeli's _Curiosities of Literature_ a passage which supplies the hexameter completing the distich, and attributes the verses to Sidonius Apollinaris) asks where may be found a legend which represents the two lines to have formed part of a dialogue between the fiend, under the form of a mule, and a monk, who was his rider. B. H. C., at p. 521. of the same volume, sends a passage from the _Dictionnaire Litteraire_, giving the complete distich:

"Signa te, signa, temere me tangis et angis.
Roma tibi subito motibus ibit amor,"

and attributing it to the devil, but without supplying any more authentic parentage for the lines. The following Note will contribute a fact or two to the investigation of the subject; but I shall be obliged to conclude by reiterating the original Query of BOEOTICUS, Who was the real author of the lines?

In a little work entitled _A Summer in Brittany_, published by me in 1840, may be found (at p. 99. of vol. i.) a legend, which relates how one Jean Patye, canon of Cambremer, in the chapter of Bayeux, rode the devil to Rome, for the purpose of there chanting the epistle at the midnight mass at Christmas, according to the tenor of an ancient bond, which obliged the chapter to send one of their number yearly to Rome for that purpose. This story I met with in a little volume, entitled _Contes populaires, Prejuges, Patois, Proverbes de l'Arrondissement de Bayeux, recueillis et publies_, par F. Pluquet, the frontispiece of which consists of a sufficiently graphic representation of the worthy canon's feat. Pluquet concludes his narrative by stating that--

"Etienne Tabourot dans ses _Bigarrures_, publiees sous le nom du
_Seigneur des Accords_, rapporte que c'est a Saint Antide que le
diable, qui le portait a Rome sur son dos, adresse le distique latin
dont il est question ci-dessus."

It should seem that this trick of _carrying people to Rome_ was attributed to the devil, by those conversant with his habits, in other centuries besides the nineteenth.

I have not here the means of looking at the work to which Pluquet refers; but if any of your correspondents, who live in more bookish lands than this, will do so, they may perchance obtain some clue to the original authorship of the lines; for in Sidonius Apollinaris I cannot find them. The only edition of his works to which I have the means of referring is the quarto of Adrien Perrier, Paris, 1609. Among the verses contained in that volume, I think I can assert that the lines in question are not. We all know that the worthy author of the _Curiosities of Literature_ cannot be much depended upon for accuracy.

Once again, then, Who was the author of this specimen, perhaps the most perfect extant, of palindromic absurdity?

T. A. T.

Florence.

* * * * *

CHILDREN CRYING AT THEIR BIRTH.

"When I was born, I drew in the common air, and fell upon the earth,
which is of like nature, _and the first voice which I uttered was
crying, as all others do_."--_Wisd._ vii. 3.

"Tum porro Puer, ut saevis projectus ab undis
Navita, _nudus, humi jacet_, Infans, indigus omni
Vitali auxilio; cum primum in luminis oras
Nixibus ex alvo matris natura profudit:
_Vagituque locum lugubri complet_, ut aequum est,
Cui tantum in vita restet transire malorum."
_Lucret. De Rer. Nat._, v. 223.

For the benefit of the lady-readers of "N. & Q." I subjoin a translation of these beautiful lines of Lucretius:

"The infant, as soon as Nature with great pangs of travail hath sent it
forth from the womb of its mother into the regions of light, lies, like
a sailor cast out from the waves, _naked upon the earth_ in utter want
and helplessness; _and fills every place around with mournful wailings_
and piteous lamentation, as is natural for one who has so many ills of
life in store for him, so many evils which he must pass through and
suffer."

"Thou must be patient: we came crying hither;
Thou know'st, the first time that we smell the air,
We wawle and cry--
When we are born, we cry that we are come
To this great stage of fools."--Shakspeare's _Lear_.

"Who remindeth me of the sins of my infancy? 'For in Thy sight none is
pure from sin, not even the infant whose life is but a day upon the
earth.' (Job xxv. 4.) Who remindeth me? Doth not each little infant, in
whom I see what of myself I remember not? What then was my sin? Was it
that I _hung upon the breast and cried_?"--St. Austin, _Confess._, lib.
i. 7.

"For man's sake it should seeme that Nature made and produced all other
creatures besides; though this great favour of hers, so bountifull and
beneficiall in that respect, hath cost them full deere. Insomuch as it
is hard to judge, whether in so doing she hath done the part of a kind
mother, or a hard and cruell stepdame. For first and foremost, of all
other living creatures, man she hath brought forth all naked, and
cloathed him with the good and riches of others. To all the rest she
hath given sufficient to clad them everie {344} one according to their
kind; as namely shells, cods, hard hides, prickes, shagge, bristles,
haire, downe, feathers, quils, skailes, and fleeces of wool. The verie
trunkes and stemmes of trees and plants, shee hath defended with bark
and rind, yea, and the same sometime double against the injuries both
of heat and cold: man alone, poore wretch, she hath laid _all naked
upon the bare earth, even on his birth-day, to cry and wraule presently
from the very first houre that he is borne into this world_: in suche
sort as, _among so many living creatures, there is none subject to shed
teares and weepe like him. And verily to no babe or infant is it given
once to laugh before he be fortie daies old_, and that is counted verie
early and with the soonest.... The child of man thus untowardly borne,
and who another day is to rule and command all other, loe how he lyeth
bound hand and foot, weeping and crying, and beginning his life with
miserie, as if he were to make amends and satisfaction by his
punishment unto Nature, for this onely fault and trespass, that he is
borne alive."--Plinie's _Naturall Historie_, by Phil. Holland, Lond.
1601, fol., intr. to b. vii.

The following queries are extracted from Sir Thomas Browne's "Common-place Books," _Aristotle, Lib. Animal._:

"Whether till after forty days children, though they cry, weep not; or,
as Scaliger expresseth it, 'Vagiunt sed oculis siccis.'

"Whether they laugh not upon tickling?

"Why, though some children have been heard to cry in the womb, _yet so
few cry at their birth_, though their heads be out of the
womb?"--Bohn's ed. iii. 358.

Thompson follows Pliny, and says that man is "taught _alone_ to weep" ("Spring," 350.); but--not to speak of the

"Cruel crafty crocodile,
Which, in false grief hiding his harmful guile,
Doth weep full sore and sheddeth tender tears,"

as Spenser sings--the camel weeps when over-loaded, and the deer when chased sobs piteously. Thompson himself in a passage he has stolen from Shakspeare, makes the stag weep:

----"he stands at bay;
_The big round tears_ run down his dappled face;
He groans in anguish."--Autumn, 452.

"Steller relates this of the _Phoca Ursina_, Pallas of the camel, and
Humboldt of a small American monkey."--Laurence _On Man_, Lond. 1844,
p. 161.

Risibility, and a sense of the ridiculous, is generally considered to be the property of man, though _Le Cat_ states that he has seen a chimpanzee laugh.

The notion with regard to a child crying at baptism has been already touched on in these pages, Vol. vi., p. 601.; Vol. vii., p. 96.

Grose (quoted in Brand) tells us there is a superstition that a child who does not cry when sprinkled in baptism will not live; and the same is recorded in Hone's _Year-Book_.

EIRIONNACH.

* * * * *

UNPUBLISHED LETTER OF LORD NELSON.

The following letter of Lord Nelson may, especially at the present moment, interest and amuse some of the readers of "N. & Q." The original is in my possession, and was given me by the late Miss Churchey of Brecon, daughter of the gentleman to whom it was addressed. Can any of your readers inform me where the "old lines" quoted by the great hero are to be found?

E. G. BASS.

Ryde, Isle of Wight.

Merton, Oct. 20, 1802.

Sir,

Your idea is most just and proper, that a provision should be made for midshipmen who have served a certain time with good characters, and certainly twenty pounds is a very small allowance; but how will your surprise be increased, when I tell you that their _full_ pay, when watching, fighting and bleeding for their country at sea, is not equal to that sum. An admiral's half-pay is scarcely equal, including the run of a kitchen, to that of a French cook; a captain's but little better than a valet's; and a lieutenant's certainly not equal to a London footman's; a midshipman's nothing. But as I am a seaman, and faring with them, I can say nothing. I will only apply some very old lines wrote at the end of some former war:

"Our God and sailor we adore,
In time of danger, not before;
The danger past, both are alike requited,
God is forgotten, and the sailor slighted."

Your feelings do you great honour, and I only wish all others in the kingdom were the same. However, if ever I should be placed in a situation to be useful to such a deserving set of young men as our mids, nothing shall be left undone which may be in the power of,

Dear Sir,
Your most obedient servant,
NELSON AND BRONTE.

Walton Churchey, Esq.,
Brecon, S. Wales.

* * * * *

FOLK LORE.

_Devonshire Superstitions._--Seeing that you sometimes insert extracts from newspapers, I forward you a copy of a paragraph which appeared in _The Times_ of March 7, 1854, and which is worth a corner in your folk-lore columns:

"The following gross case of superstition, which occurred as late as
Sunday se'nnight, in one of the largest {345} market towns in the north
of Devon, is related by an eye-witness:--A young woman, living in the
neighbourhood of Holsworthy, having for some time past been subject to
periodical fits of illness, endeavoured to effect a cure by attendance
at the afternoon service at the parish church, accompanied by thirty
young men, her near neighbours. Service over, she sat in the porch of
the church, and each of the young men, as they passed out in
succession, dropped a penny into her lap; but the last, instead of a
penny, gave her half-a-crown, taking from her the twenty-nine pennies
which she had already received. With this half-crown in her hand, she
walked three times round the communion-table, and afterwards had it
made into a ring, by the wearing of which she believes she will recover
her health."

HAUGHMOND ST. CLAIR.

_Quacks._--In the neighbourhood of Sevenoaks, Kent, a little girl was bitten by a mad dog lately. Instead of sending for the doctor, her father posted off to an old woman famous for her treatment of hydrophobia. The old woman sent a quart bottle of some dark liquid, which the patient is to take twice or thrice daily: and for this the father, though but a poor labourer, had to pay one pound. The liquid is said by the "country sort" to be infallible. It is made of herbs plucked by the old woman, and mixed with milk. Its preparation is of course a grand secret. As yet, the child keeps well.

Near Whitechapel, London, is another old woman, equally famous; but her peculiar talent is not for hydrophobia, but for scalds. Whenever any of the Germans employed in the numerous sugar-refineries in that neighbourhood scald themselves, they beg, instead of being sent to the hospital, to be taken to the old woman. For a few sovereigns, she will take them in, nurse, and cure them; and I was informed by a proprietor of a large sugar-house there, that often in a week she will heal a scald as thoroughly as the hospital will in a month, and send the men back hearty and fit for work to boot. She uses a good deal of linseed-oil, I am told; but her great secret, they say, is, that she gives the whole of her time and attention to the patient.

P. M. M.

Temple.

_Burning a Tooth with Salt._--Can any one tell us whence originates the custom, very scrupulously observed by many amongst the common people, when a tooth has been taken out, of burning it--generally with salt?

TWO SURGEONS.

Half Moon Street.

* * * * *

PARALLEL PASSAGES.

"The wine of life is drawn, and the mere lees
Is left this vault to brag of."--_Macbeth_, Act II. Sc. 3.

"These spells are spent, and, spent with these,
The wine of life is on the lees."--_Marmion_, introd. to canto i.

* * * * *

"The _old_ and true saying, that a man is generally more inclined to
feel kindly towards one on whom he has conferred favours than towards
one from whom he has received them."--Macaulay, _Essay on Bacon_,
p. 367. (1-vol. edit.)--Query, whose saying?

"On s'attache par les services qu'on rend, bien plus qu'on n'est
attache par les services qu'on recoit. C'est qu'il y a, dans le coeur
de l'homme, bien plus d'orgueil que de reconnaissance."--Alex. Dumas,
_La Comtesse de Charny_, II. ch. iii.

* * * * *

"But earthlier happy is the rose distilled
Than that, which, withering on the virgin thorn,
Grows, lives, and dies in single blessedness."--_Midsum. Night's Dream_,
Act I. Sc. 1.

"_Maria._ Responde tu mihi vicissim:--utrum spectaculum amoenius: rosa
nitens et lactea in suo frutice, an decerpta digitis ac paulatim
marcescens?

"_Pamphilus._ Ego rosam existimo feliciorem quae marcescit in hominis
manu, delectans interim et oculos et nares, quam quae senescit in
frutice."--Erasmus, _Procus et Puella_.

* * * * *

"And spires whose silent finger points to heaven." (?)

"And the white spire that points a world of rest."--Mrs. Sigourney,
_Connecticut River_.

* * * * *

"She walks the waters _like a thing of life_."--_Byron._

"The master bold,
The high-soul'd and the brave,
Who ruled her _like a thing of life_
Amid the crested wave."--Mrs. Sigourney, _Bell of the Wreck_.

* * * * *

"Thy heroes, tho' the general doom
Have swept the column from the tomb,
A mightier monument command,--
The mountains of their native land!"--_Byron._

"Your mountains build their monument,
Tho' ye destroy their dust."--Mrs. Sigourney, _Indian Names_.

* * * * *

"Else had I heard the steps, tho' low
And light they fell, as when earth receives,
In morn of frost, the wither'd leaves
That drop when no winds blow."--Scott, _Triermain_, i. _5._

"Dropp'd, like shed blossoms, silent to the grass."--Hood, _Mids.
Fairies_, viii.

"There is sweet music here that softer falls
Than petals from blown roses on the grass."--Tennyson, _Lotos-eaters_.

{346}

"Two such I saw, what time the labour'd ox
In his loose traces from the furrow came."--Milton, _Comus_.

"While labouring oxen, spent with toil and heat,
In their loose traces from the field retreat."--Pope, _Pastoral_, iii.

* * * * *

"It is the curse of kings, to be attended
By slaves that take their humours for a warrant
To break into the bloody house of life,
And, on the winking of authority,
To understand a law: to know the meaning
Of dangerous majesty, when perchance it frowns
More upon humour than advised respect."--_King John_, Act IV. Sc. 2.

"O curse of kings!
Infusing a dread life into their words,
And linking to the sudden transient thought
The unchangeable, irrevocable deed!"--Coleridge, _Death of Wallenstein_,
v. 9.

* * * * *

"Conscience! . . . . . .
Your lank jawed, hungry judge will dine upon 't,
And hang the guiltless rather than eat his mutton cold."--C. Cibber,
_Richard III_.

"The hungry judges soon the sentence sign,
And wretches hang that jurymen may dine."--Pope, _Rape of the Lock_, iii.
21.

HARRY LEROY TEMPLE.

"Death and his brother Sleep." Quoted (from Shelley) with parallel passages from Sir T. Browne, Coleridge, and Byron in "N. & Q.," Vol. iv., p. 435. Add to them the following:

"Care-charmer Sleep, son of the sable Night,
Brother to Death, in silent darkness born."

_Samuel Daniel_, Spenser's successor as "voluntary Laureate."

"Care-charming Sleep, thou easer of all woes,
Brother to Death."--Fletcher, _Valentinian_.

"The death of each day's life."--Shakspeare, _Macbeth_, Act II. Sc. 2.

"Teach me to live, that I may dread
The grave as little as my bed."--_Bishop Ken._

"We thought her sleeping when she died;
And dying, when she slept."--_Hood._

"Somne levis, quanquam certissima mortis imago
Consortem cupio te tamen esse tori;
Alma quies, optata, veni, nam sic sine vita
Vivere quam suave est; sic sine morte mori."--_T. Warton._
[_Finely translated by Wolcot._]
"Come, gentle sleep! attend thy vot'ry's pray'r,
And, though Death's image, to my couch repair;
How sweet, though lifeless, yet with life to lie,
And, without dying, oh, how sweet to die!"

"While sleep the weary world reliev'd,
By counterfeiting death revived."--Butler, _Hudibras_.

"Shake off this downy sleep, death's counterfeit,
And look on death itself!"--Shakspeare, _Macbeth_, Act II. Sc. 3.

"Nature, alas! why are thou so
Obliged unto thy greatest foe?
Sleep that is thy best repast,
Yet of death it bears a taste,
And both are the same things at last."--Dennis, _Sophonisba_.

"Great Nature's second course,
Chief nourisher in life's feast."--Shakspeare, _Macbeth_, Act II. Sc. 2.

CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A.

"Nothing doth countervail a faithful friend."--_Ecclesias._ vi. 15.

"Nil ego contulerim jucundo sanus amico."--Hor. _Sat._ v. 44.

"If thou wouldst get a friend, _prove him_ first, and be not hasty to
credit him."--_Ecclesias._ v. 7.

"_Diu cogita_, an tibi in amicitiam aliquis recipiendus sit: cum
placuerit fieri, toto illum pectore admitte: tam audacter cum illo
loquere, quam tecum."--Seneca, _Epist._ iii.

"Quid dulcius, quam habere amicum quicum omnia audeas sic loquere quam
tecum."--Cic., _de Amic._ 6.

"The friends thou hast, and their _adoption tried_,
Grapple them to thy heart with hoops of steel."

* * * * *

"But do not dull thy palm with entertainment
Of each new-hatch'd, unfledg'd comrade."--Shakspeare, _Hamlet_, Act I.
Sc. 3.

"Bring not every man into thy house."--_Ecclesias._ vi. 7.

* * * * *

"A man's attire, and excessive laughter, and gait, show what he
is."--_Ecclesias._ xix. 30.

"---- The apparel oft proclaims the man."--_Hamlet_, Act I. Sc. 3.

* * * * *

"Unus Pellaeo juveni non sufficit orbis:
AEstuat infelix angusto limite mundi,
Ut Gyarae clausus scopulis, parvaque Seripho."--_Juv._ x. 168.

"_Hamlet._ What have you, my good friends, deserved at the hands of
fortune, that she sends you to prison here?

_Guildenstern._ Prison, my lord!

_Ham._ Denmark's a prison.

_Rosencrantz._ Then is the _world_ one.

_Ham._ A goodly one, in which there are many confines, wards, and
dungeons; Denmark being one of the worst.

_Ros._ We think not so, my lord.

_Ham._ Why, then, 'tis none to you; for there is nothing either good or
bad, but thinking makes it so: to me it is a prison.

_Ros._ Why, then, your ambition makes it one; 'tis too narrow for your
mind."--Shakspeare, _Hamlet_, Act II. Sc. 2.

* * * * *

{347}

"Ad hanc legem natus es; hoc patri tuo accidit, hoc matri, hoc
majoribus, hoc omnibus ante te, hoc omnibus post te, series invicta, et
nulla mutabilis ope, illigat ac trahit cuncta."

"_King._ ---- You must know, your father lost a father;
That father lost--lost his; . . .
. . . . . . . .
To reason most absurd, whose common theme
Is death of fathers, and who still hath cry'd,
From the first corse, 'till he that died to-day,
_This must be so_."--_Hamlet_, Act I. Sc. 2.

* * * * *

"[Greek: Apo de tou me echontos]," &c.--_Ante_, Vol. viii., p. 372.

"Besides this, _nothing_ that he so plentifully gives me."--Shakspeare,
_As You Like It_, Act I. Sc. 1.

J. W. F.

Having observed several Notes in different Numbers of your interesting publication, in which sentences have been quoted from the works of ancient and modern authors that are almost alike in words, or contain the same ideas clothed in different language, I would only add, that those of your readers or correspondents who take an interest in such inquiries will find instances enough, in a work which was published in Venice in 1624, to fill several columns of "N. & Q." The volume is entitled _Il Seminario de Governi di Stato, et di Guerra_.

W. W.

Malta.

* * * * *

Minor Notes.

_Vallancey's Green Book._--Perhaps your readers are not aware of the existence of the curious and interesting volume mentioned in the following cutting from Jones's last _Catalogue_ (D'Olier St. Dublin). It may therefore be worth making a note of in your columns:

"1008. Vallancey's Green Book, _manuscript, folio_.

*** Vallancey's Green Book, so named from being bound in green vellum,
was the volume in which the celebrated Irish antiquary, General Charles
Vallancey, entered the titles of all the manuscripts and printed works
relative to Ireland which he had occasion to consult in his antiquarian
researches. The copy now offered for sale is believed to be the only
one extant. Bound in the same volume is a collection of the titles of
all the manuscripts relating to Ireland, which are preserved in the
Archbishop of Canterbury's library, at Lambeth, London."

R. H.

Trin. Coll., Dublin.

_Herrings._--"The lovers of fish" may be glad to learn what a bloater is, a mystery which I endeavoured to unravel when lately on the Norfolk coast. A bloater, I was informed, is a large, plump herring (as we say a _bloated_ toad); and the genuine claimants of the title fall by their own weight from the meshes of the net.

The origin of the simile--"As dead as a herring"--may not be generally known. This fish dies immediately upon its removal from the native element (strange to say) from want of air; for swimming near the surface it requires much, and the gills, when dry, cannot perform their function.

C. T.

_Byron and Rochefoucauld._--The following almost word-for-word renderings of two of Rochefoucauld's _Reflexions_ occur in the third and fourth stanzas of the third canto of Byron's _Don Juan_. I am not aware that any notice has been taken of them beyond a note appended to the first passage, in Moore's edition of Byron's _Works_, attributing the _mot_ to Montaigne:

"Yet there are some, they say, who have had _none_,
But those who have ne'er end with only _one_."--_Byron._

"On peut trouver des femmes qui n'ont jamais eu de galanterie; mais il
est rare d'en trouver qui n'en aient jamais eu
qu'une."--Rochefoucauld's _Maximes et Reflexions Morales_.

"In her first passion, woman loves her lover,
In all the others all she loves is love."--_Byron_

"Dans les premieres passions les femmes aiment l'amant; dans les autres
elles aiment l'amour."--Rochefoucauld's _Maximes et Reflexions
Morales_.

SIGMA.

Customs, London.

"_Abscond._"--This is a word which appears to have lost its primary meaning of concealment, apart from that of escape. Horace Walpole, however, uses it in the former sense:

"Virette _absconds_, and has sent M. de Pecquigny word that _he shall
abscond_ till he can find a proper opportunity of fighting him."

CHEVERELLS.

_Garlands, Broadsheets, &c._--Will you allow me to suggest to your correspondents, that it would be very desirable, for literary and antiquarian purposes, to form as complete a list as possible of public and private collections of garlands, broadsheets, chap-books, ballads, tracts, &c.; and to ask them to forward to "N. & Q." the names of any such public or private collections as they may be acquainted with. I need not say anything of the importance and value of the ballads, &c., contained in such collections, to the historical student and the archaeologist, for their value is too well known to require it; but I would earnestly urge the formation of such a list as the one I now {348} suggest, which will greatly facilitate literary researches.

J.

_Life-belts._--Suppose that each person on board the Tayleur had been supplied with a life-belt, how many hundreds of lives would have been saved? And when it is considered that such belts can be made for less than half-a-crown each, what reason can there be that government should not require them to be carried, at least in emigrant vessels, if passengers are so ignorant and stupid as not voluntarily to provide them for themselves?

THINKS I TO MYSELF.

_Turkey and Russia--The Eastern Question_ (Vol. ix., p. 244.).--The past history of these rival states presents more than one parallel passage like the following, extracted from Watkins's _Travels through Switzerland, Italy, the Greek Islands, to Constantinople, &c._ (2nd edit., two vols. 8vo. 1794):

"The Turks have been, and indeed deserve to be, praised for the manner
in which they declared war against the Russians. They sent by Mr.
Bulgakoff, her Imperial Majesty's minister at the Porte, to demand the
restitution of the Crimea, which had been extorted from them by the
merciless despot of R----a, (_sic_) when too much distressed by a
rebellion in Egypt to protect it. On his return without an answer they
put him in the Seven Towers, and commenced hostilities. They hate the
Russians; and to show it the more, frequently call a Frank _Moscoff_.
To the English they are more partial than to any other Christian
nation, from a tradition that Mahomet was prevented by death from
converting our ancestors to his faith."--Vol. ii. pp. 276-7.

J. MACRAY.

Oxford.

"_Verbatim et literatim._"--As this phrase often finds insertion, even in the pages of "N. & Q.," it may be well to call attention to the fact that there is no such adverb as _literatim_ in the Latin language. There is the adverb _literate_, which means after the manner of a literate man, learnedly; but to express the idea intended by the coined word _literatim_, I think we must use the form _ad literam_--"_Verbatim et ad literam._"

L. H. J. TONNA.

* * * * *

Queries.

PRINTS OF LONDON BEFORE THE GREAT FIRE.

In addition to the Tower, there was in Cromwell's time the fortification of Baynard's Castle, near Blackfriars, and the city gates were also fortifications on a small scale; they were rebuilt (St. John's, Clerkenwell, excepted, which was spared) after the Great Fire, and were taken down somewhere about 1760. Can any of your readers tell me whether there is any series of prints extant of the most remarkable buildings which were destroyed by the fire? There are some few maps, and a print or two interspersed here and there, in the British Museum; but is there any regular series of plates? We know that Inigo Jones built a Grecian portico on to the east end of the Gothic cathedral of old St. Paul's, surmounted with statues of Charles I., &c.; that the Puritans destroyed a beautiful conduit at the top of Cheapside; that Sir Thomas Gresham's Exchange was standing. But among the many city halls burnt down, were there any fine specimens of architecture, any churches worthy of note? And as Guildhall was not entirely consumed, what parts of the present edifice belong to the olden time?

You are doubtless aware that the fire did not extend to St. Giles's Cripplegate, and that at the back of the church are remains of the old city walls.

ARDELIO.

* * * * *

BATTLE OF OTTERBURN.

On what authority does Mr. Tytler (_History of Scotland_, vol. iii. pp. 45--53.), in his otherwise very fair account of this celebrated battle, assert that the Earl of Douglas was a younger man than Hotspur? I have no doubt that he found it so recorded somewhere, and willingly believed that his countrymen had prevailed, not only over superior numbers of the enemy, but also over greater experience on the part of the hostile general; but a little more investigation would have shown him that the difference of age lay the other way. Henry Percy, by his own account (in the Scrope and Grosvenor Controversy), was born in 1366, and was therefore twenty-two when the battle was fought. I do not know that there is any direct evidence to Douglas's age, but the following considerations appear to me decisive as to his being much older than his rival.

1. Froissart's visit to Scotland was undoubtedly prior to 1366 (although the exact date is not given), and during his stay of fifteen days at Dalkeith, he saw much of the youthful heir of that castle, the future hero of Otterburn, and describes him as a "promising youth."

2. Hotspur, in his deposition above mentioned, says that he first bore arms at the siege of Berwick in 1378; but his antagonist must have commenced his military career long before, as Froissart mentions him as knighted on the occasion of the battle fought a few days after the surrender of that place, between Sir Archibald Douglas and Sir Thomas Musgrave; none but kings' sons were knighted in childhood in those days, or without undergoing a long previous probation in the inferior grades of chivalry.

3. An early and constant family (if not general) tradition asserts that Douglas had a natural son {349} (ancestor of the Cavers family), old enough to bear his father's banner in the battle; on this, however, I lay little stress, as Froissart distinctly assigns that honourable post to another person, David Campbell, who was slain by the side of his lord.

Mr. Tytler is also evidently wrong in placing, on the authority of Macpherson's _Notes on Winton_, this battle on the 5th of August, 1388. Froissart gives the date as the 19th of August, and as the moon was full on the 18th, the combatants would have bright moonlight all night, which agrees with all the narratives; on the 5th they would have little moonlight, and would have lost it soon.

Though not very germane to the matter, except as being a point of chronology, I may add here that the remarkable solar eclipse, long remembered in Scotland by the name of the "Dark Hour," did not occur, as stated by Mr. Tytler, on 17th June, 1432, but on the same month and day of the following year.

J. S. WARDEN.

* * * * *

DE BEAUVOIR PEDIGREE.

I have in my possession a curious ancient pedigree of De Beauvoir and Harryes, headed thus:

"The name De Beauvoir is from ---- in the kingdom of England; came into
England with y^e Conquest of the Norman Duke, from whom is descended
all that are now in England, they bearing for their coate armour the
_first_, Azure, a chevron or, between three cinquefeuilles argent, by
the name of De Beauvoir. The _second_ he beareth the guelles a chevron
between three hayeres heads erased, by the name of Harreys. The _third_
(or) a lyon rampant azure, by the name of Throlpe. The _fourth_,
Argent, a fess between three cressentes azure, by the name of ...
within a mantle doubled guelles on two helmetes and torseyes proper and
the first a demy-dragon, adorned properly guelles and argent, vert, by
the foresaid name De Beauvoir; on the second a harye sitting argent
between two bushes vert."

The pedigree begins with "Sir Robert Beauvoir, Lord Beauvoir, Lord Baron of Beaver Castle, Knt.;" and the maternal line with "Sir Robert Harryes of Malden in Essex, Knt., came into England with the Saxons."

In the tenth descent the sole heiress is represented as marrying "Robert, Lord Bellmoint," whose sole daughter married "John, Lord Manners, father of Edmund Manners, first Earl of Rutland, from whom is descended Roger, Earl of Rutland, now living."

The pedigree ends with the nineteenth descendant, Henry de Beauvoir, of the Isle of Guernsey, who married the daughter of Peter Harreys of the Isle of Guernsey.

Can any reader of "N. & Q." inform me whether descendants of that marriage are still to be found, and where?

There are points in the pedigree, as genealogists will see, totally discrepant from the Peerages.

THOMAS RUSSELL POTTER.

Wymeswold.

* * * * *

Minor Queries.

_Dog-whippers: Frankincense._--Can any reader throw light upon the following entries in the churchwardens' account-book for the parish of Forest Hill, near Oxford?

"1694. P^d to Tho. Mills for whipping dogs out of church, 1 shilling.

"1702. P^d for frankincense for the church, 6 pence."

The only passage which occurs to me as at all bearing upon so late a use of incense in parish churches in this country, is the following extract from Herbert:

"The country parson hath a care that his church be swept and kept
clean; and at great festivals, strewed and stuck with boughs, and
perfumed with incense."

This hardly brings the custom later than 1630.

As regards the former entry, I am told by a friend that the office of dog-whipper existed about fifty years ago for the church of Heversham in Westmoreland.

C. F. W.

_Atchievement in Yorkshire--Lipyeatt Family._--Found and noted in a Yorkshire church tower, an atchievement painted apparently about forty or fifty years ago, of which no account can be given by the sexton or parish clerk. Query, to what names do the bearings belong? viz. Vert, on a fess or, between three bezants, three lions passant azure. Impaling: Vert, three swans in tri, statant, wings erect, argent. Crest, a lion passant azure, langued gules. The swans have head, neck, and body like swans, but their legs appear to have been borrowed from the stork. It is suspected that the dexter coat belongs to one of the Wiltshire Lipyeatts.

Is there any pedigree of the Lipyeatt family, who were burghers of wealth and consideration in the town of Marlborough, from the middle of the seventeenth century down to the latter part of the eighteenth?

PATONCE.

"_Waestart._"--A common expression of sorrow or condolence among the lower classes in the manufacturing district around Leeds, in Yorkshire. Whence does it arise? Is it an abbreviation of "Woe to my heart," "Woe is me"?

J. L. S., Sen.

_Rebellion of 1715._--Has any report been published of the trial of the prisoners taken at Preston? Mr. Baron Bury, Mr. Justice Eyre, and Mr. Baron Montague opened the Commission at Liverpool. The trials began on January 20, 1716, and lasted till February 8.

THOMAS BAKER.

{350}

"_Athenian Sport._"--Who was the writer of _Athenian Sport, or Two Thousand Paradoxes, merely argued to amuse and divert the Age_, by a Member of the Athenian Society, London, 1707?[1] It would almost appear to have been a burlesque upon the _Athenian Oracle_.

HENRY T. RILEY.

[Footnote 1: Lowndes has attributed this work, but we think incorrectly, to the celebrated John Dunton.--ED.]

_Gutta Percha made soluble._--Can any one inform me how gutta percha may be made so soluble, that a coating of it may be given any article, which shall dry as hard as its former state? I have tried melting it in a ladle, but it never hardened properly.

E. B.

Leeds.

_Arms of Anthony Kitchen._--Can any of your correspondents inform me what were the arms of Anthony Kitchen, Bishop of Llandaff in 1545? And what relation, if any, of Robert Kitchen, who was Mayor of Bristol in 1588? The latter was of Kendal in Westmoreland.

D. F. T.

_Griesbach Arms._--Could any correspondent versed in German heraldry tell me the arms of the German family of Griesbach, or refer me to any work containing a collection of German arms?

CID.

_Postage System of the Romans._--Could any of your correspondents inform me where I may find a perfect account of the postal system of the Romans? We know that they must have had such a system, but I have forgotten the author who gives any description of it.

ARDELIO.

_Three Crowns and Sugar-loaf._--Passing through Franche (a village near Kidderminster in Worcestershire) the other day, I saw an inn called "The Three Crowns and Sugar-loaf." As there seems to me not the _least_ connexion between a crown and a sugar-loaf, I send this to "N. & Q." in hopes of an explanation from some of its readers more skilled than myself in such matters.

CID.

_Helen MacGregor._--In Burke's _Landed Gentry_ (Supplement, art. "MacGregor of Craigrostan and Inversnaid") this redoubted heroine is described as "a woman of _agreeable temper_ and domestic habits, active and careful in the management of her family affairs." This is so directly opposed, not only to Scott's description, but to the generality of traditions about her, that, as Campbell says, "it makes the hair of one's literary faith stand on end." Helen was, very likely, a different person from what she afterwards became, ere the events happened that drove Rob Roy "to the hill-side to become a broken man;" but one can hardly imagine her, in her most happy days, to have been such a person as is above depicted--an amiable wife and clever housekeeper. The pen of a descendant is evident, in the partial description given of both husband and wife.

J. S. WARDEN.

_Francis Grose the Antiquary._--Francis Grose, the distinguished antiquary, was Captain and Adjutant of the Surrey Militia, commanded by Col. Hodges, in which regiment he served for many years; but on some occasion, probably breach of discipline, he was brought to a general court-martial. The regiment formed part of the large encampment of 15,000 men on Cocksheath, near Maidstone, in 1778. I think the trial took place then, or within a year or two of that date; and should be thankful to any reader of "N. & Q." who would supply me with the precise date when the court-martial assembled?

[Greek: Ss.]

"_King of Kings:" Bishop Andrews' Sermons._--From MS. Account of Fellows of Kings, compiled from 1750, A.D. 1583, Geffrey King, D.D., Professor of Hebrew, Cambridge, first chaplain to Bancroft and James I., whether he or Thos. King, 1605, or James King, 1609? One of them began his sermon at St. James: "I, King of Kings, come to James the First and Sixth, nothing wavering."

"These puns much applauded in those times, insomuch that the preacher
would stop to receive applause, which was expressed by loud and
repeated hums. In Bishop Andrews' printed Sermons, these stops may be
discovered."

Is this true of Bishop Andrews' _Sermons?_

J. H. L.

_Scroope Family._--Will any one be so good as to clear up the doubts noticed in the peerage books as to the family of Henry Lord Scroope, of Bolton, who died about 22 Henry VII.? His wives are generally stated to have been daughters of the Earl of Northumberland and Lord Scroope of Upsal; but other accounts are to be met with. What however I particularly refer to, is the question, who was the mother of his daughter Alice, who married Sir Gilbert Talbot? Lady Talbot could not have been by the daughter of Lord Scroope of Upsal; as, if so, she and her issue would have inherited her grandfather's barony, which it is certain was enjoyed by his younger brothers. Very likely Mr. Scroope's unpublished volume on the Lords Scroope and their seat Coombe Castle explains this.

S. N.