Chapter LXV: Appendix: List of Notes (6)

Eranthemum, 532

Eriophorum, 537

Erodium maritimum, 33

Eryngium maritimum, 28, 35, 536, 539, =543=, 544, 581

Erythrina;
general discussion of the genus, =577=;
relation between coast and inland species, 19, 134, =141=;
seed-buoyancy, 107;
seeds in river and beach drift, 435, 437-8, 489

Erythrina indica, 19, 107, =141-4=, 529, 562, =577=

Erythrina monosperma, 20, =141-4=, 200, 533, 553-4, 578

Erythrina ovalifolia, 107, 577

Erythrina aurantiaca, 144

Erythrina vespertilio, 144

Estuaries, temperature of tropical, 78, 564

Etna, shadow of, 586

Eucalyptus, 479

Eugenia, 61, 134, =163=, 166, 334, =349=, 357, 507, 532, 603

Eugenia brackenridgei, 351

Eugenia corynocarpa, 350, 351, 532

Eugenia grandis, 163

Eugenia malaccensis, 349, 532

Eugenia monticola, 351

Eugenia neurocalyx, 350, 351

Eugenia rariflora, 164, 349-52, 532

Eugenia richii, 45, =164=, 350, 529

Eugenia rivularis, 350, 532

Euonymus europæus, 536

Eupatorium cannabinum, 536

Euphorbia, 29, 478, 537

Euphorbia amygdaloides, 537, 605

Euphorbia atoto, 106, 530

Euphorbia cordata, 556

Euphorbia helioscopia, 29, 537

Euphorbia paralias, 29, 31, 35, 109, =116=, 429, 431-3, 537, =543=, 544

Euphorbia peplus, 537

Euphorbia segetalis, 537, 605

Eurya, 371-3

Euxolus caudatus, 605

Everett, Mr., 388

Evolution, 11, 227, 522;
_see_ under Adaptation, Natural Selection, and Species

Excæcaria agallocha, 43, 109, 436, 530, 551, 563

Exocarpus, 271, 274-5

Fagræa berteriana, 42, 45, =385=, 532, 548, 603

Fagus, 508

Fanning Island, 377

Fernando Noronha, its flora and its birds, 8, 144, 366, 388

Ferns, =220-30=, 509, 517, 592, 593

Ficus, 61, 377, =387=, 395, =504=, 532

Fiji, the climate, 209, 215-8;
the seed-drift of rivers and beaches, 435-6;
the “talasinga” plains, 42, 43, 215, 386, 547, =548=, 569;
area and altitudes, 207-8

Fijian flora, the littoral plants, 13, 40, 528-30, 550-1;
ferns and lycopods, 220-30, 592;
endemic genera and endemic species, 231-5, 264-6;
mountain plants, 269, 293-7, 305;
conifers, 297-306
The age of Malayan plants comprising first the genera widely
dispersed over the Pacific, 307-58;
and then those that are locally dispersed, 359, 360;
the last comprising Fijian genera found in Hawaii and not in
Tahiti, 359, 371-4;
Fijian genera found in Tahiti and not in Hawaii, 359, 380-8;
and genera found in Fiji, but neither in Hawaii nor in Tahiti, 360,
399-408 ...
The number of Fijian flowering plants, 528, 592 ...
The Fijian “difficulty,” 155, 166, 169, 517 ...
The buoyancy of the seeds of inland plants, 531

Fish in the Humboldt current, 600

Fitchia, 236, 237-8, 240, 245, 248

Fleurya interrupta, 605

Flying-foxes: _see_ Bats

Focke, W. O., on the dispersal of Leguminosæ, 150, 417

Fogs on the Chilian and Peruvian coasts, 475, 481, 490, 492-3, 600

Forbes, Dr. H. O., 304, 347, 388

Forster on the “Antarctic” flora, 271

Fragaria chilensis, 4, 270, 272, 285, 287-8

Fragaria vesca, 536

Francolins at high altitudes, 241

Franseria, 131, 431, 478-9, 597

Freycinetia, 308-9, =319=, 331, 504-5, 509-10

Frigate-birds (Fregata), as seed-dispersers, 188, 511

Fritillaria meleagris, 537

Fruits “difficult” or “impossible” from the standpoint of dispersal,
262, 267, 372-3, 379, 388-9, 391, 409;
_see_ under the Fijian flora and the Hawaiian flora Fruit-pigeons
(Carpophaga, &c.), seeds and fruits eaten by them, limit of size,
337, 381, 389, 400-1, 410;
Achras, 373;
Areca, 330;
Cananga, 393;
Canarium, 372, 400;
Cassytha, 123, 564;
Coriaria, 292;
Corynocarpus, 508;
Couthovia, 266, 401;
Dracontomelon, 372, 400;
Elæocarpus, 337, 372, 508;
Eugenia, 350;
Ficus, 388, 504;
Gnetum, 404;
Kentia, 330;
Litsea, 508;
Myristica, 403;
Olea, 508;
Oncocarpus, 266;
Phyllanthus, 326;
Pisonia, 347;
Plectronia, 355;
Podocarpus, 301, 508;
Premna, 561;
Psychotria, 314;
Sapota, 373;
Sideroxylon, 373;
Spondias, 602;
Vitex, 564;
Ximenia, 113.
(For additional note on Litsea and Vitex, _see_ Additions and
Corrections)

Fruits, fleshy, 101

Fulmar-petrel, 581

Galapagos Islands, flora and avifauna, 505

Galeopsis tetrahit, 28, 537

Galium aparine, 27, 536, 539

Galium mollugo, 536

Galium palustre, 27, 536

Garcinia, 575

Gardenia, 308-9, =311=, 532-3, 548, 552

Garuas, 475, 481, 600

Gätke, H., 151, 506, 593

Gaudichaud, 385, 434

Gay, C., on Chilian plants, 477-8

Geese, as seed-dispersers, 241, 275, 283, 356, 511-2, 514

Geissois, 343, =393=, 510, 532

Geniostoma, 384

Geological time, 502, 520

Geophila reniformis, 417, 532, 605

Geranium, 4, 269, 272, 274-5

Germination, of floating seeds, 76;
its connection with vivipary, 78, 84, 87, 191, 468, 521;
effect of previous immersion in sea-water on the germinating capacity
of seeds in soil, 25, 539;
germination in sea-water in temperate latitudes, 35, 544;
germination in sea-water in tropical latitudes, 79-87;
the process in Cæsalpinia, 191, and in Cuscuta, 595

Giffard, Mr., 212

Gilia, 568

Gill, Rev. Wyatt, 48

Gizzard-stones in birds, 159

Glacial epoch, 503, 509, 513

Glaucium luteum, 35, 90, 536, 539, 543 544

Glaux maritima, 34, 36, 537, 541

Gleichenia, 548

Gnetum, 391, =404=, 532

Goats as seed-dispersers, 554, 558

Goebel, K., 453;
on vivipary, 469-72

Gossypium, 352, 533

Gossypium tomentosum, 58-9, 529, 533, 552, 556

Gouania, 371-3

Gouldia, 262-3

Goura pigeon, 8, 159, 392

Gourds dispersed by currents, 125, 570

Græffea, 265

Grape-seeds in beach-drift, 429

Gray, Asa, 34

Grewia, 381, 382, 532

Grindon, Mr., 603

Grouse-family as seed-dispersers: _see_ Tetraonidæ

Guavas, 554

Guayas or Guayaquil river and estuary: _see_ under Ecuador

Guettarda, relation between coast and inland species, 17, 121, 134,
=162=, 166, 532, 533;
germination, 79, 132

Guettarda speciosa, station at coast, 43, 551;
station inland, 162;
distribution, 64, 68, 563;
buoyancy of fruits and their dispersal by currents, 55-6, 108, 114,
163, 529;
beach-drift, 163, 437

Guilandina (synonym of Cæsalpinia), 188, 562

Gulf-stream drift: _see_ under Currents

Gulls (Laridæ) as seed-dispersers, 241, 511, 514

Gum-resins, native names of, 300

Gunnera, 269, 271, 272, 274, 275

Gunnerus, 570

Gyrocarpus jacquini, 2, 49, 68, 106, 111, =422=, 428, 529, 551, 563

Haberlandt, G., on the germination of mangroves, 453, 457, 465

Haleakala, 208

Hall, Mr. W. L., on the forests of Hawaii, 213

Halophily, 581

Hamilton, Mr., on the crop-stones of the moa, 159

Hann, Prof., on mountain climates, 582

Haplopetalon, 264, 265

Haplostachys, 263, 594

Hawaiian islands;
area and altitude, 207-8;
climate, 209-15, 217-8, 582-92;
temperature and relative humidity, 209-11, 218;
rainfall, 212-15, 218;
meteorology of the summit of Mauna Loa, 582-92

Hawaiian flora;
littoral plants, 15, 51, 71, 552, 553-7;
beach-drift, 58, 557;
ferns and lycopods, 220-30, 517, 592, 593;
the eras of the flowering plants, 234-5, 517;
tables of endemic genera and endemic species, 232, 233, 244, 252,
263;
the age of Compositæ, 235-49;
the age of the Lobeliaceæ, 250-60, 266-7, 603;
the endemic genera belonging neither to the Compositæ nor to the
Lobeliaceæ, 261-4, 594;
mountain flora, 269-88, 518
The age of Malayan genera, 307-78;
the Malayan genera widely dispersed in the Pacific, 307-58;
the Malayan genera locally dispersed, 359-69;
the residual genera (found only in Hawaii), 359, 361;
the genera occurring in Hawaii and Tahiti but not in Fiji, 359,
370;
the genera occurring in Hawaii and Fiji but not in Tahiti, 359,
371;
the absentees from Hawaii, 359, 375
American plants in Hawaii, 261, 334, 362, 372, 409, 517-8.
They include the following orders and genera:—
Compositæ, 237, 248, 260, 518;
Lobeliaceæ, 254, 260, 266, 518;
Caryophyllaceæ, 261-3, 518;
Sanicula, 272-3, 287;
Sisyrinchium, 272-3, 287;
Fragaria, 285, 288;
Rubus, 273, 285;
Pritchardia, 309, 326;
Lythrum, 362;
Perrottetia, 362;
Sicyos, 362, 365;
Chrysophyllum, 362;
Nama, 362;
Jacquemontia, 362, 365;
Sphacele, 362;
Phytolacca, 362, 364;
Urera, 362
The Hawaiian difficulty, 140, 165, 168, 517;
Hawaiian plants and birds, 505-6, 603;
buoyancy of fruits and seeds of inland plants, 533-4

Haynaldia, 251

Hazel: _see_ Corylus avellana

Hazlewood’s Fijian Dictionary, 400

Heather, 511

Hedera helix, 536

Hedley, Mr., 65, 66, 304

Hegelmaier, on Lemna, 408

Heilprin, Prof., 506

Helianthemum vulgare, 536, 567

Heliosciadium, 538

Heliotropium anomalum, 49, 56, 58, 365, 370, 528, 552, 554-7

Heliotropium curassavicum, 56, 58, 482, 552, 555, 557

Hemsley, Mr. W. B., 34, 232, 238, 301, 434, 499, 511, 530, 539, 581;
on dispersal by currents, 62;
on Cæsalpinia, 184;
on insular Leguminosæ, 198-9;
on the Pacific Compositæ, 242, 246-7;
on the Pacific Lobeliaceæ, 251, 257;
on Pisonia, 346;
on Gnetum, 404;
on ten widely spread British plants, 417;
on Rhizophora mangle in the Pacific, 441;
on vivipary in Dracæna, 471;
on Brackenridgea, 569

Heptapleurum, 263

Heritiera littoralis, station, 43, 551;
distribution, 47, 68, 375-6, 551, 562;
buoyancy of fruits, 106, 112, 529;
their occurrence in river-drift, 79, 435;
and in beach-drift, 437

Hernandia peltata, station, 551;
extension inland, 49;
distribution, 54, 64, 68, 562, 563;
buoyancy of fruits, 109, 115, 530;
beach-drift, 437

Herpestis monnieria, 552, 557

Hesperomannia, 236-7, 243-4

Hesselman, H., on plant-dispersal, 282, 511

Hibbertia, 402, 548

Hibiscus, 21, 134, 137

Hibiscus abelmoschus, 21, 124, 532, 533

Hibiscus diversifolius, 21, 105, 529

Hibiscus esculentus, 21, 532

Hibiscus tiliaceus, station, 43, 486, 498, 551, 555-7;
growing inland, 41-2, 419, 547, 557, 560;
distribution, 52, 486, 498, 552, 563;
seed-buoyancy, 21, 105, 529, 552;
beach-drift, 437-8;
river-drift, 435;
sea-drift, 489;
currents, 562

Hibiscus youngianus, 21, 533, 534

Hillebrand, Dr., on the Hawaiian flora;
introduced littoral trees, 51;
the agency of the currents, 73;
the endemism of the ferns, 224-7, 593;
the Compositæ, 236-47;
the Lobeliaceæ, 250-5;
the absence of Coniferæ, 303;
on Cyrtandra, 317;
other references, 231, 340, 341, 405, 557, 559, 560, 576, 578, 594,
&c.

Hillebrand, Mr. W. F., 224

Hillebrandia, 263, 394

Hilo, 53, 213

Hippomane mancinella (Manchineel), 68, 109, 498

Hochstetter, 336

Holland, Mr., 478, 489, 499

Holmboe, Jens, on Silene maritima, 280

Holmes, Mr., on the Fijian rainfall, 216, 549

Honckeneya: _see_ Arenaria peploides

Hooker, Sir J., 198, 238, 258, 271, 344, 369, 581

Horne, Mr., on the Fijian flora, 41, 172, 394, 395, 425, 549, 592

Horse-dung containing seeds transported by currents, 558

Hottonia palustris, 536

Hoya, 377

Humboldt on insects in the upper air-currents, 583

Humboldt current, 480, 483, 490-5, 500, 597-601

Hydnophytum, 402

Hydrocharis, 537

Hydrocotyle asiatica, 532, 605

Hydrocotyle verticillata, 533-4

Hydrocotyle vulgaris, 28, 536, 544

Hygrophytes, 32, 515

Hypericum, perforatum, quadrangulum, elodes, 536

Iceland;
plants, 505

Ilex aquifolium, 536

Impatiens fulva, 536

Impatiens parviflora, 536

Incas;
bones exposed on the Ancon plain, 497

Inocarpus edulis, 108, =421=, 435, 529, 563

Insects in the upper air-currents, 509-10, 514, 582-3

Ipomea: _see_ Ipomœa

Ipomœa, 20, 76, 109, 134, 137, 489, 532-3, 546

Ipomœa batatas, 20, 415 (Batatas edulis), 532

Ipomœa bona nox (Calonyction speciosum), 20, 106, 110, 533, 534, 554,
558, 605

Ipomœa glaberrima (Calonyction comosperma), 20, 52, 57, 106, 110, 472,
530, 552, 555, 558, 564

Ipomœa grandiflora, 20, 106, 530, 531

Ipomœa insularis, 20, 110, 532, 533, 553, 554, 605

Ipomœa peltata, 110, 435, 472, 532

Ipomœa pentaphylla, 20, 110, 533

Ipomœa reptans, 533

Ipomœa tuberculata, 20, 110, 533, 556

Ipomœa turpethum, 20, 106, 110, 532

Ipomœa pes-capræ;
seed-buoyancy, 20, 21, 83, 106, 110, 121, 530, 546, 569;
dispersal by currents, 56-7, 562;
seeds in river and beach drift, 435, 437-8, 489, 558-9;
distribution, 56, 68, 433, 488, 498, 552, 563, 564, 572;
station, 43, 551, 553-6, 560;
growing inland, 21, 41, 42, 121, 547, 560, 569

Iris;
home of the genus, 396

Iris fœtidissima, 24, 27, 537

Iris pseudacorus, 24, 27, 30, 430, 537, 540, 544

Isodendrion, 263

Isotoma, 255

Jacquemontia, 58, =365=, 533, 552, 553, 555-7

Jacquin, on Rhizophora mangle, 457

Jambeli Island, 488-9

Johnston, Sir H., 241, 252, 510

Jouan, H., 187

Juan Fernandez, 222, 316

Juncus, 89, 471, 537, 545, 568

Junghuhn, on the climate of the Java mountains, 211

Jussiæa villosa, 533

Kadua, 262, 263

Kandavu, 207, 208

Karsten, G., on Rhizophora, 453

Kauai, 207, 208, 214

Kauri pine, 299

Keeble, F. W., on the dispersal of Loranthus, 383

Keeling atoll, 81, 190, 510

Kerguelen, 241, 242, 276

Kermadec islands, 258, 276, 295, 420, 572

Kerner, Dr., 63, 101, 277, 408, 469, 567

Kidder, Dr., 241, 276

Kilimanjaro, 251

Kinabalu, Mount, in Borneo, 286, 295-6, 301

Kirk, T., on the forest-flora of New Zealand, 299, 347, 507

Kittlitz, on Nipa fruticans, 66

Kiwi, 522

Kleinhovia hospita, 21, 105, 376, 529, 562, =602=

Koebele, Prof., 212, 578

Kolpin-Ravn, on seed-buoyancy, 24, 38, 116, 538

Krakatoa beach-drift, &c., 180, 190, 206, 221

Krämer, Dr., 275, 283

Kurz, Mr., 577;
on Scirpodendron, 406

Labiatæ;
station and seed-buoyancy, 28, 537;
mucosity of seeds, 567-8;
Hawaiian endemic genera, 261-3, 518, 594

Lablab vulgaris, 413, 417, 605

Labordea, 262, 263

Labrador current and climate, 493

Lagenaria (bottle-gourds), dispersal by currents, 125, 570

Lagenophora, 240, 242, 270-2, 274-5, =276=, 293-4, 305, 568

Lagerheim, Prof., on the dispersal of Empetrum nigrum, 512

Lagopus: _see_ Tetraonidæ

Laguncularia;
station and distribution, 68-9, 484, 498;
dispersal by currents, 77;
fruit-buoyancy, 108;
fruits in beach-drift, 438;
in river-drift, 489;
in sea-drift, 489;
germination, 77-8, 469, 471

Lamium album, 28, 537

Lamium galeobdolon, 537

Lamium purpureum, 28, 537, 568

Lapsana communis, 536

Larch, 430

Lathyrus maritimus, 35, 107, 116, 430, 432, 536, =543=

Lathyrus pratensis, 536

Layard, Messrs., on birds and seeds, 143, 296, 388, 420

Leersia oryzoides, 538

Leguminosæ in littoral floras, 13, 19, 68, 76, =79-85=, 87, =107=, 111,
117, =140-51=, =170-97=, =198=, 438-9;
dispersal by birds, 150, 417, 581

Lemnaceæ, =407=, 488, 537

Leontodon autumnalis, 536

Lepidium sativum, 567

Lepinia tahitensis, 378-9

Leucæna forsteri, 425, 529

Leucas decemdentata, 605

Ligustrum vulgare, 537

Limnanthemum, =396=, 537

Linaria cymbalaria, 537

Linaria vulgaris, 537

Linden, A., on Pritchardia, 326-7

Lindenia, =395=, 532, 603

Lindman, C., on the Gulf stream drift of the Scandinavian coast, 180,
430, 531

Linum, 536, 567

Lipochæta, 58, 236-7, 239, 243-4, 552-3, 556-7

Lister, Mr., 327, 356, 550

Lithospermum officinale, 537

Litsea, 508;
_see_ Additions and Corrections

Littoral plants;
distribution in tropics, 68, 516, 562;
causes of the buoyancy of the seeds and fruits, 104, 119, 569;
long flotation experiments, 530;
the littoral plants and the currents of the Pacific, 61;
relation of littoral and inland species of the same genus, 130-70;
the inland extension of beach plants, 34, 40, 49, 59, 121, 547-50,
559, 568, 579;
Fijian shore plants, 13, 15, 40, 528, 547-50;
Tahitian shore plants, 14, 47, 551;
Hawaiian shore plants, 15, 51, 552-7, 559, 563;
shore plants of west coast of South America, 474-88, 500, 596;
shore plants of the Panama isthmus, 498;
British shore plants, 33-6, 106, 107, 109, 115, 432-3, 540-4;
halophily, 581

Lobelia, 252-6, 258, 272-3, 279

Lobelia dortmanna, 536

Lobeliaceæ, Age of, 250-60, 266-7, 304, 306, 517-20;
arborescent, 250-60;
Hawaiian, 253;
Tahitian and Rarotongan, 256;
affinities with American forms, 251, 267;
relation between the flowers and birds, 504-5, 603;
seed-buoyancy, 533;
capacities of dispersal, 258

Locusts as seed-dispersers, 509

Loranthus, 377, 381, =383=

Lotus corniculatus, 536

Luffa, =426=, 472, 529, 563, 571

Lumnitzera, 43, 69, 108, 435, 437, 529, 551, 563

Luzula campestris;
in Hawaii, 272, 286-8;
in Tahiti, 290, 292;
mucosity of the seeds and their dispersal by birds, 286, 417, 568;
seed-buoyancy, 89, 537

Lychnis diurna, 536

Lycopods, 220-30, 509, 517, 592, 593

Lycopsis arvensis, 537

Lycopus europæus, 28, 37, 86, 417-8, 537, 545, 568

Lyon, Prof., on the Hawaiian rainfall, 213

Lysimachia;
in Hawaii, 272, 283-5

Lysimachia thyrsiflora, 537

Lysimachia vulgaris, 536

Lythrum;
in Hawaii, 362

Lythrum salicaria, 417-8, 536, 603

Maba, 371-3, 532-3

Macaranga, 381, =384=, 436, 532

Macgregor, Sir W., 215

Machala plains (Ecuador), 484-5, 495

M’Lachlan, Mr., on dragon-flies in ancient drift, 510

Magellan Straits, its shore plants, 477

Maiden, Mr., on the plants of Pitcairn Island, 345, 355, 418, 562

Malayan era of the Pacific floras, 308-9, 330-2, 333, 353, 357, 359,
519

Malva rotundifolia and sylvestris, 536

Malvaceæ, the effect of sea-water on the seeds, 544

Man in the Pacific, subject to the laws of distribution, 325, 411-2,
427

Manchineel: _see_ Hippomane

Mandarin orange;
precocious germination of its seeds, 472

Mangle chico, 445, 448-9, 498, 501

Mangle grande, 445, 448-9, 498, 501

Mangrove formation, 9, =43-4=, 47, 50, 53-5, 77, 132, =483-7=
(Ecuador), =551=, 597

Marquesas, 208, 529

Marsilea, 408

Martins, Prof., on the effects of sea-water immersion on seeds, 24,
538-9, 542-4, 546

Mascarene islands;
association of several species of Pandanus with extinct Columbæ, 152,
157, 169, 517;
linked to the Pacific islands by Afzelia bijuga, 172;
by Acacia heterophylla, 200;
by Naias marina, 368;
by Potamogeton, 369;
by Eugenia, 351;
by Sophora, 148;
by Ochrosia, 153, 580;
by Pandanus, 157-9

Mat-names and plant-names in Polynesia, 324, 328

Matricaria chamomilla, 536, 568

Matricaria inodora;
inland form, 536, 543;
maritime form, 33-4, 109, 116, 536, 540, =543=

Matricaria maritima: _see_ under M. inodora

Maui, 207-8

Mauna Kea, 207-8, 210-4, 238, 509, 587

Mauna Loa, 207-8, 210-4, 238, 509, 587

Mauna Loa;
meteorological observations on summit, 582

Mauritius: _see_ Mascarene islands

Maxwell, Dr., on the Hawaiian rainfall, 213

Medanos, 482

Medicago;
fruits frequent in beach-drift, 429, =431=, 479;
buoyancy of fruits, 431, 536

Medinilla, 376

Mediterranean beach-drift, 430

Megapodes, as probable seed-dispersers, 160, 169, 200, 392

Melastoma, 376, 381, =382=, 532, 603

Melastoma denticulatum, =382=, 532, 548

Melia, 376

Meliaceæ, 376

Melica nutans, 538

Melicope, 263

Meliphagidæ (Honey-eaters), as seed-dispersers, 321, 331, 377, 388

Melochia, 376

Memecylon, 376

Mentha aquatica, 28, 537, 545

Menyanthes trifoliata, 537

Meryta, 381

Mesembryanthemum, 131, 478

Mesozoic continent in the Western Pacific, 303-6, 503, 509, 514, 519

Metrosideros, 259, 333, =341=, 357, 361, 510, 533, 549, 553, 554, 604

Meyer, Dr., 388

Mez, C., on the genus Embelia, 363

Mezoneuron, =146=, 363, 533

Micromelum, 393, 532

Miers, Mr. J., on the seed-structure of Barringtonia, 575

Millett, Mr., on the seed-buoyancy of Convolvulus soldanella, 91, 543,
566

Milner, Sir W., on seeds in petrels, 581

Mimosa pudica, 488

Mimusops kauki, 374

Miquel, on Scirpodendron, 406;
on Carapa, 564

Moa, its crop-stones, 159

Mœnchia erecta, 536

Mollendo (Peru), 482, 598, 599

Momordica charantia, 532

Montia fontana, 536

Moreno Bay (Chile), its beach-drift, 480

Morinda;
relation between the shore and inland species, 18, 134, =135=;
inland species, 42, 45, 135, 532, 534

Morinda citrifolia;
distribution, 18, 52, 552, 563;
station, 551;
inland extension, 49, 121, 547, 548, 553, 569;
buoyancy of pyrenes, 18, 107, 112, 121, 123, 124, 529, 531, 534, 569;
their occurrence in river-drift, 79, 435

Moseley, Prof., 242, 276, 286, 403, 434, 579

Mountain bananas, 412, =414=, 427

Mountain climates of the Pacific islands, 210-1, 214-5, 218, 582

Mountain ferns of the Pacific islands, 225-9, 593

Mountain floras of the Pacific islands, 268-306, 518-9

Mountain-shadows, 586

Mucosity of seeds, 102, 277, 417, 567

Mucuna (genus);
abortive germination of seeds in sea-water, 76, 79-82, 202;
long flotation experiments, 80, 81, 531;
cause of seed-buoyancy, 106, 109, 111;
dispersal by currents, 80, 81, 430;
seeds in river-drift, 435, 488;
in beach-drift, 430, 437-8, 489, 499

Mucuna gigantea, 44, 81, 94, 109, 115, 529, 531, 552, 554, 562, 563

Mucuna urens, 80, 106, 111, 123, 430 499, 531, 533, 534, 562, 563

Mueller, Dr. K., 224

Mueller, Baron von, 394

Musa, 412, 414

Musa ensete, 414, 436

Mussænda frondosa, 425, 532, 548

Mutations, 383

Myoporum, 271, 272, 274-5, 343, 533, 553-4

Myosotis, 37, 537

Myriophyllum, 37, 536

Myristica, 391, =402=, 532

Myrmecodia, =402=, 472, 532

Nadeaud, Dr. J., on Tahitian plants, 216, 312, 426, 578

Naias, 362, 364, =367=, 409, 520, 537, 556;
_see_ Additions and Corrections

Nama, 362

Narthecium, 537

Nasturtium, 37, 536

Nathorst, Prof., 511

Natural Selection, 105, 117, 119-29

Nature-Study, 101

Nelitris, 381, =382=, 532, 548

Nepeta cataria, 28, 537, 567, 568

Nepeta glechoma, 28, 537, 567, 568

Nephelium, 161, 532

Neraudia, 263

Nertera depressa, 270, 272, 285, =286=, 288, 290, 292-4, 296-7, 305

Nesopanax, 265

Nestor meridionalis, its vegetable food, 321, 343

New Caledonia, 298, 301-2, 341, 395-6, 420

New Zealand birds and seed-dispersal, 296, 321, 337

New Zealand flora;
from the standpoint of dispersal, 507-8;
its bearing on the continental theory, 508-9, 512, 514

New Zealand plants in the Pacific islands, 271-2, 287, 290, 295, 297,
305, 315, 336-8, 341, 357, 366, 503-4, 507-9

Nicobar-pigeon, as a seed-disperser, 8, 159

Nipa fruticans, 66, 68, 108, 472, 550

Nolana, 131, 431, 477, 479, 480, =596=

Norman, J. M., on Scandinavian beach-drift, 430, 432, 539, 543

Norwegian beach-drift: _see_ Scandinavia

Nothocestrum, 262-3

Nototrichium, 262-3

Nova Zembla;
plant-dispersal, 511

Nuphar luteum, 37, 89, 513, 535

Nymphæa alba, 37, 89, 513, 535

Oahu, 207-8

Oak: _see_ Quercus

Ochrosia;
relation of coast and inland species, 134, =151=;
dispersal, 152-4;
Schumann’s enumeration of the species, 580

Ochrosia parviflora, 49, 108, =152-4=, 530, 563, 580

Ochrosia sandwicensis, 153, 580

Ocimum basilicum, 568

Œnanthe crocata, 28, 536

Œnanthe phellandrium, 536

Oldenlandia, 605

Olea, 364, 508, 533

Oliver, Prof., 171, 178, 251

Oncocarpus, 265-6;
_see_ Additions and Corrections

Ononis arvensis, 536

Ophiorrhiza, 382, =383=, 532

Orchids;
suggested dispersal of their seeds by insects, 509

Oregon drift on the Hawaiian coasts, 58, 72, 430, =557=

Oreobolus, 271, 272, 275

Oreodoxa, 489

Osmanthus, 364

Osteomeles, 353, =354=, 554

Owen Stanley range;
climate of the summit, 215

Oxalis acetosella, 536

Oxalis corniculata, 349, 416, 427, 536, 604

Oxyria digyna, 512

Pachyrrhizus, 412, 413, 548

Paita (Payta), 482, 599

Palms;
specific differentiation in Borneo, 504

Panama isthmus;
its shore plants and seed-drift, 180, 498

Panax, 263

Pandanus, =155=, 508, 517;
relation between coast and inland species, 134, =155-60=, 166, 169,
517;
mode of dispersal, 157-60, 169;
insular distribution, 156-7, 160, 169, 580

Pandanus odoratissimus;
distribution, 52, 53, 156, 552, 563;
station, 551;
inland extension, 41, 42, 361, 548-9, 553-6, 560;
dispersal by currents, 53, 158;
buoyancy of fruits, 109, 530, 552;
their occurrence in river-drift, 435, and in beach-drift, 437, 557-9;
aboriginal food-plant, 413, 427

Pangerango, Mount;
rate of decrease of temperature with elevation, 210

Panicum, 272, 284

Papaver, seed-buoyancy, 535

Papaya, 472

Paphia, 265

Parinarium, 108, 435, 529, 563

Parrots, as seed-dispersers, 321, 388, 420, 602

Partridges, as seed-dispersers, 284, 356, 367, 416

Pastinaca sativa, 28, 536

Peach-stones in beach-drift, 429, 431, 479

Pea-nuts in beach-drift, 479

Peale, Mr., 355

Pebble-swallowing by birds, 8, 159

Pedicularis palustris, 537

Pelagodendron, 265

Pelea, 263

Pemphis acidula;
station, 42, 43, 551;
distribution, 54, 68, 563;
seed-buoyancy, 108, 114, 529

Penzig, Prof., on the beach-drift and flora of Krakatoa, 180, 189, 206,
571

Peperomia, 334, =348=, 357, 417, 509

Peplis portula, 536

Perkins, Mr., on birds and seeds in Hawaii, 151, 259, 275, 321, 329,
343, 348, 364, 595;
on the biological connection between the birds and the arborescent
Lobeliaceæ, 255, 504, 603;
on the Hawaiian fauna, 505

Perrottetia, 362

Peru;
littoral flora, 474-6, 481-2;
on the coast climate and the Humboldt current, 490-4, 500, 598-600;
corals, 496, 601

Pes-capræ formation, 550

Petrels and seed-dispersal, 242, 511, 581

Peucedanum, in Hawaii, 362, 363

Peucedanum palustre, 536

Phaethon (Tropic-bird) and plant-dispersal, 241

Phaseolus truxillensis, 605

Philippi, on the shells of Chile, 496

Phyllanthus, 309, =325=, 331, 532

Phyllostegia, 262, 263, 371, 533, 594

Physalis angulata, 605

Phytelephas, 489

Phytolacca, 362, 364

Pigeons, 356, 416, 506;
_see_ Fruit-pigeons

Pilea, 362

Pilger, R., on Podocarpus and Dacrydium, 301-2

Pimia, 265, 266

Pinguicula lusitanica, 537

Pinus sylvestris, 537

Piper, 532, 568

Pipturus, 356

Pisonia, 61, 333, =346=, 357, 568

Pistia, 435, 486-9

Pitcairn Island, 64, 345, 355, 418, 562

Pittosporum, 308, =309=, 313, 509, 532

Platydesma, 263

Plantago;
on tropical mountains, 269, 270;
Hawaiian species, 271-2;
mode of dispersal, 276;
seed-mucosity, 276, 568;
seed-buoyancy, 537, 540

Plantago coronopus, 33

Plantago lanceolata, 276, 537, 568

Plantago major, 276, 537, 568

Plantago maritima, 34, 478, 537, 541, 568

Plantago media, 537

Plectronia, =355=, 533

Plectrophanes nivalis (Snow-bunting), as seed-disperser, 510, 511, 605

Pleiosmilax, 371-3, 532

Plerandra, 265

Plum-stones in beach-drift, 429, 431, 479

Poa;
Hawaiian species, 272, 275

Poa aquatica, 538

Poa fluitans, 538

Podocarpus, 294, 297-8, =301=, 306, 508, 603

Polycarpon tetraphyllum, 33

Polygala vulgaris, 536

Polygonum;
dispersal by birds, 356;
buoyancy of fruits, 537, 543

Polygonum amphibium, 537

Polygonum aviculare, 356, 537

Polygonum convolvulus, 356, 537

Polygonum glabrum, 354, 356, 435, 487-8

Polygonum hydropiper, 37, 537

Polygonum lapathifolium, 537

Polygonum maritimum, 35, 477, 537, 543

Polygonum persicaria, 356, 537

Polygonum viviparum, 512

Polymorphous species, discussed, 33-4, 353, 357-8, 373, 381, 391, 519,
520, 522;
independent of insular conditions, 363, 368, 520;
noted under Elæocarpus, 335;
Dodonæa, 339;
Metrosideros, 341;
Alyxia, 345;
Alphitonia, 346;
Pisonia, 346;
Wikstrœmia, 348;
Sicyos, 363, 365;
Naias, 368;
Eurya, 372;
Maba, 372;
Grewia, 382;
Nelitris, 382;
Melastoma, 382;
Loranthus, 383;
Geniostoma, 384;
Macaranga, 384;
Tabernæmontana, 385;
Bischoffia, 386;
Micromelum, 393;
Limnanthemum, 396;
Weinmannia, 291;
Vaccinium, 280-1

Polynesians;
their differentiation, 325, 411, 427

Polynesian food-plants, 412-4, 427

Polynesian weeds, 415, 427, 604

Polynesian plant-names, 66, 324, 328, 341, 345, 387, 398, 414, 419,
421, 424, 425, 441, 578

Polypodium, 593

Pongamia glabra, 54, 106, 202, 529, 551, 563, 581

Pontederia, 435, 486-9

Porphyrio (Purple Water-hen), as concerned in plant-dispersal, 296,
305, 321, 331

Portulaca, 532, 552, 553-5

Potamogeton, 5, 30, 38, =369=, 513, 537

Potentilla;
buoyancy and station, 27

Potentilla comarum, 27, 536

Potentilla tormentilla, 27, 536

Premna;
the genus in the Pacific, =560=;
buoyancy and station, 19, 134, 139;
cause of buoyancy of the fruits of the coast species, 107, 112, 123,
124, 530, 532, 561, 569;
inland extension of the coast species, 42, 547, 548, 561, 569;
distribution of the species, 561, 563;
occurrence of the fruits in river-drift, 112, 435, 561;
modes of dispersal, 561

Prioria copaifera, in Panama beach and river-drift, 499

Pritchardia, 124, 308, 309, =326=, 532, 533-4, 554-5

Prosopis dulcis, 557

Prunella vulgaris, 28, 417, 537, 568

Pseudomorus, 371

Psittacirostra, 321, 505

Psychotria, 308-9, =314=, 331, 391, 532, 603

Pteris aquilina, 225, 548

Pteropidæ: _see_ Bats

Pterotropia, 262-3, 595

Ptilotus, 263

Ptychosperma, 389, 532

Puerto Bolivar (Ecuador);
sojourn of the author, 476, 484-8, 494

Pumice in beach-drift, 429, 558, 601

Puna Island (Ecuador), 489, 494

Puna coast (Hawaii), 553

Quercus, 61, 90, 126, 429, 431, 537, 538, =571=

Radiola millegrana, 417, 418

Raiatea, 250, 252, 257

Raillardella, 237

Raillardia, 236-8, 240, 243-4

Ranunculaceæ, 535, 544

Ranunculus;
on tropical mountains, 269, 272;
Hawaiian species, 272-3;
dispersal by birds, 277, 511;
buoyancy of fruits, 535

Ranunculus aquatilis, 37, 535

Ranunculus repens, 37, 86, 535, 545

Ranunculus sceleratus, 37, 535, 544, 545

Ranunculus;
other British species, 535

Raphanus, 33, 478, 536, 540, 596

Rarotonga;
its flora, 48, 177, 291, 295, 309, 317, 320, 323, 336, 374, 419, 425,
551, 578;
altitude, 208;
rainfall, 216;
absence of mangroves, 50;
ferns, 221-2;
endemic species of flowering plants, 232;
the age of arborescent Compositæ and Lobeliaceæ represented by
Fitchia, 237-8;
and by Sclerotheca, 250, 252, 256-7;
scanty representation of Tahitian mountain plants, 293;
a connection with the Kermadec islands, 295

Rauwolfia, 362

Reinecke, Dr., on the Samoan flora, 19, 232, 266, 291, 317, 387, 577,
579;
on Elatostema, 405

Remya, 236-7, 243-4

Rendle, Mr., on Naias, 368

Reseda luteola, 536

“Revue Scientifique,” 506

Rewa River (Fiji);
seed-drift, 76, 78, =435=;
temperature, 78, 564

Reynoldsia, 309, =310=, 371

Rhaphidophora, 404, 532

Rhinanthus crista galli, 537, 545

Rhizophora;
general discussion, =440=, 520-1;
dispersal by currents, 48, 77, 94, =458=;
the “Selala” or seedless form in Fiji, 443;
its representative in Ecuador, 449, 487, 521;
the genus in Ecuador, 483-7;
in Panama, 498-9;
absence from Hawaii, 54-5, and Tahiti, 47;
germination and growth of seedling, =451=, =468=, 575;
river-drift, 435, 460, 499;
beach-drift, 437-8, 460, 499;
polyembryony, 449;
distribution, 54-5, 69, 520

Rhizophora mangle;
in Fiji, 43, 441, 520;
in Ecuador, 484-7;
in Panama, 498-9;
discussed in detail in Chapter XXX

Rhizophora mucronata, 43, 68;
discussed in detail in Chapter XXX

Rhus, 353, 354

Rhynchospora, 272, 283-5

Richella, 265

Ricinus communis, 142, 533, 558

Ridley, Mr. H. N., on the plants of Fernando Noronha and of the Malay
peninsula, 8, 144, 162, 319, 340, 386, 603

River seed-drift;
Thames, 37, 85, 91, 430;
Rewa (Fiji), 76, 91, =435-6=;
Guayaquil or Guayas River (Ecuador), 77, 91, 435, =488-9=;
Panama isthmus, 499;
germination in river-drift, 76-8, 84, 85-6, 435, 488-9

River temperature, 78, 564

Robinson, Mr. E. Kay, on the dispersal of Aster tripolium, 605

Rodriguez Island, 157, 351;
_see_ Mascarene Islands

Rœmeria hybrida, 535

Rollandia, 252, 255, 258

Rosa arvensis, 536

Roxburgh, W., on the seed-structure of Barringtonia, 575

Rubiaceæ;
appearance of the order in the Pacific islands, 261, 262

Rubus, in Hawaii, 269, 272-4, 285, 533, 604

Rumex;
in Hawaii, 366;
modes of dispersal, 367;
fruits in Thames drift, 37, 86, 430;
buoyancy of the fruits of British species, 537, 545

Ruppia maritima, 371, 372, =374=, 398, 482, 537, 555

Russell, Prof., 493

Ruwenzori, Mount, 241, 251

Sachs, Prof., 100

Sadleria, 593

Sage-brush, 279

Sagina procumbens, 536

Sagittaria sagittifolia, 38, 537

Sagus vitiensis, 413

St. Helena, 8, 258

Salicornia;
mode of dispersal, 482, 489, 541, 545

Salicornia herbacea, 34, 35, 537, 541, 545

Salicornia peruviana in Ecuador, 77, 484-6, 489

Salicornia;
other species in Chile and Peru, 478, 482

Saline deposits of North Chile, suggested origin, 485

Salsola kali, 10, 34-6, 429, 431, 477, 479, 537, =541=

Salvia verbenaca, 28, 537, 567-8

Sambucus nigra, 536

Salvinia, 488

Samoa;
altitude, 208-9;
few peculiar genera, 266;
proportion of peculiar species of flowering plants, 232;
littoral flora, 46;
mountain flora, 290, 297, 305;
peculiar species of
Pandanus, 156, 580,
Elatostema, 405,
Eugenia, 349.
Amongst other genera possessing peculiar species are
Gardenia, 311,
Psychotria, 315,
Cyrtandra, 317,
Macaranga, 384,
Ficus, 387

Samolus valerandi, 34, 537, 541

Samolus, in Chile, 478

Sanicula, in Hawaii, 4, 269, 270, 272, =273=, 274-5

San Lorenzo Island (Peru) in the coast-clouds, 492;
decaying shells, 497

Santa Elena Point (Ecuador), its vegetation and climate, 490, 494, 597

Santa Rosa River (Ecuador), the vegetation of its banks, 486

Santalum, 272, 283-4, 285

Sapindus, 309, =325=, 332

Sapota, 373, 532

Sapotaceæ, 372-4

Sararanga, 156

Saxifraga, British species, 536

Saxifragaceæ, in Hawaii, 263

Scævola;
relation between littoral and inland species, 18, 134, =135=;
Hawaiian inland species, 18, 135, 533;
Fijian inland species, 18, 532, 576;
distribution, 67, 71, 564;
modes of dispersal, 135, 564;
buoyancy of fruits, 18, 135, 531-3

Scævola chamissoniana, Hawaii, 18, 533

Scævola gaudichaudii, Hawaii, 18, 533

Scævola floribunda, Fiji, 18, 532, 576

Scævola koenigii;
distribution, 56, 135, 552, 563;
station at coast, 18, 43, 551, 553-6, 560;
extension inland, 42, 59, 121, 547, 553, 560, 569, 579;
modes of dispersal, 57, 71, 552;
buoyancy of fruits, 108, 114, 121, 122, 529, 531, 569;
their occurrence in beach-drift, 437, 559;
in river-drift, 79;
variety, 579;
synonymy, 71, 564

Scævola lobelia, 71

Scævola sericea, 579

Scandinavia;
Sernander’s “Dispersal-biology,” 24;
Atlantic or Gulf-stream drift, 180,189, =430=, 570, 601

Schenck, Dr., 512

Scheuchzeria palustris, 537

Schiedea, 262-3

Schimper, Prof.;
relation between littoral and inland species of a genus and between
the littoral and inland floras, 17, 19, 130-4, 534;
grouping of Malayan littoral plants, 43, 550;
distribution and dispersal of tropical littoral plants, 62, 69;
the littoral Leguminosæ, 201, 581;
structure of the buoyant seeds and fruits of tropical plants and the
question of adaptation, 104, 112-5, 119-29, 569;
on Rhizophora, 441, 446, 453-4, 459;
the essential climatic conditions for mangrove-growth, 470;
the xerophytes and hygrophytes, 32, 40;
epiphytic habit of Vaccinium, 281;
miscellanea, 423, 561, 571, 577, 602;
letters to the author, 43, 121, 440-1, 454;
his indebtedness to Prof. Schimper’s work, 63

Schizæa, 593

Schizostege, 593

Schmidt, J., on Lathyrus maritimus, 543

Schönland, S., on the Hawaiian Lobeliaceæ, 255

Schumann, K., on Ochrosia, 153, 580;
on Musa, 414, 436

“Science Gossip,” 23, 277, 369, 398, 513, 567

Scilla nutans, 537

Scirpodendron costatum, 47, 108, =405=, 435, 530, 551, 552, 563

Scirpus;
buoyancy of the fruits of seven British species, 537;
dispersal by ducks implied in connection with the Cyperaceæ, 513

Scirpus maritimus, 34, 92, 109, 116, 537, 541

Scirpus palustris, 90, 537

Scleria;
dispersal by purple water-hens, 296

Sclerotheca, 252, 256-8

Scott, J., on Indian parrots, 420

Scott-Elliot, Mr., 568

Scrophularia aquatica, 89, 537

Scrophularia nodosa, 537

Scutellaria galericulata, 28, 37, 537, 545

Scyphiphora, 109

Sea, Fijian tree, 436, 602

Sea-aster: _see_ Aster tripolium

Sea-birds, as seed-dispersers, 188, 241, 242, 347, 506, =510-1=, 514,
605

Sea-eagle, as a seed-disperser, 286

Sea-thrifts: _see_ Armeria

Seed-mucosity: _see_ Mucosity

Seed-stage, regarded as an adaptation, 11, 85-7, 468, 473, 521

Seed-structure;
anomalies connected with a lost viviparous habit, 79, 132, 470, 473,
521, 575

Seemann, Dr., on the Fijian flora, 172, 177, 231, 264, 421, 442, 549,
576, 577, 579, 592;
on the northern limit of mangroves, 54;
on Polynesian weeds, 415, 604;
on Laguncularia in the Panama isthmus, 498;
on willow-leaved plants, 603

Selala, the seedless Rhizophora of Fiji, 441-9, 465-6, 487, 520-1;
_see_ Rhizophora

Selliera radicans, 477

Senecio, in Hawaii, 362

Senecio aquaticus, 28, 536, 568

Senecio candidans, 477

Senecio palustris, 536

Senecio vulgaris, 536, 568

Serianthes, 108, 389, =424=, 529, 563

Sernander, Dr., on the dispersal-biology of Scandinavia, 24;
on the Gulf-stream drift, 180, 189, 430, 570, 601;
miscellanea, 280, 511, 538, 542-3, 571

Sesbania, 528, 555

Sesuvium zone of west coast of South America, 476, 481

Sesuvium portulacastrum;
in Fiji, 529;
in Tahiti, 370, 528;
in Tonga, 528;
in Hawaii, 375, 552, 554-5;
in Ecuador, 485;
in Peru, 482;
seed-buoyancy, 16, 529

Shaddock (Citrus decumana), 125-6, 532-3

Shadow of mountains, 586

Sibthorpia europæa, 417, 418

Sicilian beach-drift, 430

Sicyos, 362, 363, =365=

Sideroxylon, 371-4, 507-8

Sida, 417, 427, 533, 555, 604

Siegesbeckia orientalis, 605

Silene, in Hawaii, 272, 279-80

Silene cucubalus, 536

Silene maritima, 33, 36, 280, 511, 536, 540, 544

Simpson, Mr. M.;
precocious germination of the coco-nut, 472

Siphocampylus, 251

Sisyrinchium, 272, 273, 279, 533

Sium;
buoyancy of the fruits of British species, 536

Smith, Mr. Jared G., 211, 213

Smyrnium olusatrum, 536

Smythea pacifica;
distribution, 47, 264-5, 551, 562;
buoyancy of fruits, 106, 112, 529;
their occurrence in river-drift, 435

Snow-buntings (Plectrophanes nivalis), as seed-dispersers, 510-1, 605

Solanum aculeatissimum, 533

Solanum dulcamara, 537

Solanum nigrum (and var. oleraceum), 417, 537, 605

Solereder, H., 265

Solitaire, 8, 159

Solomon Islands, 351, 394, 400

Sonchus asper, 241, 605

Sonchus oleraceus, 536, 593

Sonneratia, 69, 108

Sophora;
general discussion, =147=;
relation between littoral and inland species, 19, 134, =147=, 165,
200;
its indication in New Zealand, 508

Sophora chrysophylla, 20, =147-51=, 271-2, 278, 533, 580

Sophora tetraptera, 64, =148-9=, 271, 431, 478-9, =580=

Sophora tomentosa;
distribution, 19, 54, 68, 147-8, 563;
station and habit, 201-2, 551, 581;
seed-buoyancy, 107, 113, 529, 531, 579;
seeds in beach-drift, 437-8

Soulamea, 265

South America;
observations on the littoral flora of the west coast, 474-501;
_see_ Chile, Peru, Ecuador

Sparganium, 5, 31, 430, 513, 537, 540, 545

Species, their development in the Pacific islands;
the views of Hillebrand, 226-7;
the effect of the greater elevation of the Hawaiian islands on the
endemism (production of new species) of the ferns, 227-8;
tables showing the development of new species and new genera of the
flowering plants of the Pacific islands, 232-4, 252, 255, 263,
265;
the polymorphism of genera, as indicated by their fecundity in
species, illustrated by Cyrtandra, 317;
by Elatostema, 317, 405;
and by Psychotria, 315, 391;
the polymorphism of species, as indicated by their great variability,
520, 522;
_see_ Polymorphous species;
the question whether the relative fecundity of two genera like
Psychotria and Coprosma is to be connected with difference in
antiquity or with difference in their geographical position, 315,
331;
the connection between endemism and the suspension of means of
dispersal by birds, 5, 7, 229;
endemism thus produced nearly as pronounced with certain genera like
Cyrtandra, Embelia, and Naias, in continental regions as in
oceanic islands, 229, 317-3, 331, 363-4, 368, 409, 520;
the process concerned in endemism favoured by the deterioration of
plants in their capacity for dispersal, 262-3, 337, 350, 365, 507,
594-5;
biological connection between plants and birds, 504-5;
differentiation of climate, bird, and plant, the bird being dependent
on the climate, and the plant on the bird, 378, 410, 506-7, 514,
521-2

Spergula arvensis, 536

Spergularia rubra and S. marina, 33, 36, 536, 540, 544-5

Sphacele, 362

Spiræa ulmaria, 37, 92, 536

Spitzbergen;
flora and plant dispersal, 511-2, 514

Spondias dulcis, 532

Spondias lutea, 124, 438, 489, 499

Spondias, unidentified Fijian species, 602

Spring-centres for the diffusion of aquatic plants, 396, 399

Stachys, 27, 28, 537

Stapf, Dr., on the flora of Kinabalu, 101, 296, 301

Statice, 34

Station and seed-buoyancy, 16, 24, 30, 515

Stellaria, 37, 89, 536

Stenogyne, 262-3, 594-5

Sterculia, 11, 375-6, =391=, 532-3

Sterculiaceæ, 10, 375

Straussia, 262-3, 364

Stromboli, its shadow, 586

Strongylodon, 80, =82=, 107, 113, 123, =200=, 436, 529, 531, 558,
562-3, =565=

Struthious birds, suggested as seed-dispersers, 152, 159-60

Stubbs, Dr.;
Agricultural Report on Hawaii, 212, 578

Stylocoryne, 532

Suæda;
concerning dispersal by birds, 511

Suæda fruticosa, 34, 480, 482, 537, 541

Suæda maritima, 34, 537, 541

Suess, Prof., on the shell-fauna of Chile, 496;
on the salts of ancient seas, 566

Sula: _see_ Boobies

Suriana maritima, 105, 528, 529, 563

Swamp-hens: _see_ Porphyrio

Symphytum officinale, 537

Tabernæmontana, 381, =385=, 532

Tacca;
relation between littoral and inland species, 19, 134, =138=

Tacca maculata, 19, 138, 532, 548

Tacca pinnatifida, =19=, =138=;
distribution, 138, 552, 563;
modes of dispersal, 138;
seed-buoyancy, 19, 108, 530, 531, 569;
station, 138;
growing inland, 42, 138, 547, 548, 569;
as a food-plant, 138, 412, 414, 427

Tahiti;
area and altitude, 207-8;
temperature, 209;
rainfall, 216, 218

Tahitian flora;
littoral plants, 14, =47=, 528, =529=, 551, 552;
ferns and lycopods, 220-230, 592;
endemic genera and endemic species of flowering plants, 231-5;
the age of Compositæ, 236-40, 245, 248;
and of Lobeliaceæ, 250-2, 256-8, 266;
the mountain plants, 269, 290-3, 305, 518-9
The age of Malayan plants;
the general dispersal of these plants in the Pacific, 307-58;
the local dispersal,
(_a_) genera common to Tahiti and Hawaii, but not found in
Fiji, 359, 370;
(_b_) genera found in Tahiti and Fiji, but not in Hawaii, 359,
380-8;
(_c_) residual genera (found only in Tahiti), 359, 378.
The absentees from Tahiti, 360, 388
American genera in Tahiti, 379, 380

Talasinga plains: _see_ Fiji

Tamus communis, 537

Tarawau tree of Fiji: _see_ Dracontomelon

Taraxacum, 536

Taro, 412, 415

Taubert, P., on Strongylodon, 566

Taviuni, 207-8

Taxus baccata, 537

Teesdalia, 567

Temperature: _see_ under Beach-temperature, Estuaries, Humboldt current

Tephrosia piscatoria;
in Fiji, 42, 45, 547;
in Hawaii, 56, 58, 59, 552, 553-6;
buoyancy of seed and pod, 529, 562;
modes of dispersal, 45, 150, 417, 562

Terminalia;
relation between coast and inland species, =17=, 120, 533;
buoyancy, 108, 114

Terminalia katappa;
distribution, 52, 54, 551, 552, 563;
buoyancy of fruits, 108, 114, 529;
their occurrence in beach-drift, 437, 559

Terminalia litorea or littoralis, 108, 529, 563

Tertiary submergence of the Western Pacific archipelagoes, 245, 247,
249, 260, 267, =304-5=, 306, 503, 518, 520

Tetramolopium, 236-7, 243-4

Tetraonidæ (Grouse-family), as seed-dispersers, 279, 282, 511, 514

Teucrium inflatum, 416, 605

Teucrium scorodonia, 28, 537

Thacombauia, 265

Thalictrum flavum, 535

Thames;
the vegetation of the banks, 37;
the seed-drift, 37-8, 85-6, 430, 539;
_see_ Additions and Corrections

Thauziès, M. A., 506

Thespesia populnea, 562;
in Hawaii, 52, 552, 554-6, 558-9;
in Fiji, 547, 550;
seed-buoyancy, 105, 529, 530-1;
beach-drift, 558-9

Thlaspi arvense, 536

Thomson, Mr. G. M., on the New Zealand flora, 508

Thomson, Dr. T., on the seed-structure of Barringtonia, 575

Thuret, M., on the buoyancy of seeds and fruits, 24, 63, 538, 542, 544,
546

Thymus, 28, 537, 568

Tibet;
its flora, 34, 238

Tillandsia, 484, 486

Tonga;
included in the Fijian area, 207;
the littoral plants, 46;
the proportion of endemic species, 232;
absence of peculiar genera whether of the Compositæ or Lobeliaceæ or
of any other order, 235, 266;
several peculiar species of Eugenia, 349;
a home for the Sapotaceæ, 374;
Pritchardia pacifica thrives, 327;
vegetation of the leeward plains, 550.
Amongst other genera possessing peculiar species, or in other
respects remarkable, are Podocarpus, 301;
Pittosporum, 309;
Freycinetia, 320;
Elæocarpus, 335;
&c.

Touchardia, 263, 594

Tournefortia argentea;
distribution, 43, 64, 563;
station, 42, 43, 551;
buoyancy of fruits, 108, 114, 530, 531;
their occurrence in beach-drift, 437

Tragopogon, fruit-buoyancy of British species, 536

Tree-Lobelias, 250-60, 266-7;
_see_ Lobeliaceæ

Treub, Dr., on the new flora of Krakatoa, 206, 221, 577

Trevesia, 309, =310=, 371

Tribulus cistoides, 56, 58, 365, 366, 552, 553-6

Trichospermum, 265, =392=, 532

Trifolium, 150, 536

Triglochin, 34, 36, 537, 541, 545

Trimenia, 265

Triplasandra, 262-3

Trisetum, 272, 275

Tristan da Cunha, 242, 276, 286, 364, 366

Triumfetta procumbens, 42, 43, 45, 529, 550

Triumfetta rhomboidea, 529

Tropic-bird (Phaethon), 241

Tropical beach-drift, 434-9;
_see_ Beach-drift

Tschudi, Dr., 493

Tupa, 251, 258

Tussilago farfara, 536, 546

Tussilago petasites, 536

Typha;
seed-buoyancy, 537

Ulex europæus, 536

Ulmus campestris, 537

Umbelliferæ;
station and fruit-buoyancy, 28, 537

Uncinia, 271-5

Urena lobata, 417, 427, 532, 604

Urera, 362

Urtica dioica, 537

Urticaceæ;
represented in the early flora of Hawaii, 261, 263

Vaccinium, 4, 5, 269, 270, 272, 274-5, =280-2=, 290-4, 297, 305, 343

Valerianella, 536

Vallesia, 154

Valparaiso;
beach-plants and beach-drift, 477-9

Vandellia crustacea, 605

Van Tieghem, on Brackenridgea, 570

Vanua Levu;
area, altitude, and rainfall, 207-8, 216

Varigny, Dr. H. de, 506

Vascular cryptogams in the Pacific islands, 222, 592;
_see_ also under Ferns and Lycopods

Veitchia, 401, 532

Verbena officinalis, 537

Veronica;
buoyancy of the fruits of British species, 537

Veronica beccabunga, 37, 537, 568

Vicia;
in the Hawaiian mountain-flora, 272, 278

Vicia faba;
dispersed by pigeons, 150, 417

Vicia sativa;
seed-buoyancy, 536

Victoria Institute, 66

Vigna;
relation between littoral and inland species, 134, 139

Vigna lutea;
in Hawaii, 56-7, 139, 552, 554, 558-9, 560;
in Fiji, 550;
distribution, 68, 563;
seeds dispersed by currents, 57;
seed-buoyancy, 56, 106, 529;
seeds in beach-drift, 437-8, 558-9;
seeds in river-drift, 435, 489 (species in last case unidentified)

Viola;
in Hawaiian mountain-flora, 253, 272;
modes of dispersal, 277;
seed-buoyancy, 533, 536;
seed-mucosity, 278, 567-8

Viscum, 355, 358, 377, 536

Vitex;
relation between littoral and inland species, 134, 137

Vitex trifolia;
station and distribution, 50, 551-2, 563-4;
growing inland, 42, 547-8, 560;
dispersal by currents, 56, 57, 564;
buoyancy of fruits, 108, 122, 530;
their occurrence in river-drift, 435, and in beach-drift, 559;
dispersal by birds, 57, 122, 564;
_see_ Additions and Corrections
Variety, unifoliolata, 108, 547-8, 552, 556, 559, 560

Vitex agnus castus, 109, 431

Viti Levu, 207-8

Vivipary (germination on the plant), 78, 84-7, 132, 191, =468=, =521=,
564, 574-6;
a lost habit with many plants and only indicated by anomalies in
seed-structure, 79, 132, 470, 473, 521, 575

Vries, Prof. H. de, 573

Walker, Mr. F. P., 490, 495, 597

Wallace, Mr. A. R., 7, 242, 247, 259, 400

Wallis Island, 349, 551

Walsh, Canon, on the Cordyline of the Maoris, 420

Waltheria americana, 375, 416, 427, 533, 553-4, 604

Waltheria pyrolæfolia, 375

Warburg, Dr., 54;
on Pandanus, 155-8, 580;
on Freycinetia, 319-22, 510;
on the Samoan species of Ficus, 387

Warming, E., on Rhizophora, 450, 453

Webster, Mr. H., on Ecuador, 495

Wedelia, 108, 116, 529, 551, 563

Weed, Prof., 277, 364

Weeds of Polynesia, 415, 427, 604

Weinmannia, =290-1=, 292-4, 297, 305

Whymper, Mr., on insects at great altitudes, 510, 583

Wichmann, A., on the submergence of the Western Pacific islands, 304

Wiglesworth, Mr., on Polynesian birds, 66, 296

Wikstrœmia, 45, 333, =348=, 357, 530

Wilkes, Commodore;
meteorological observations on the summit of Mauna Loa, 210, 583,
585, =586=

Wilkesia, 236-7, 240, 243-4

Willow-leaved river-side plants, 395, 603

Wilson, Mr. S. B., on the vegetable food of Hawaiian birds, 151, 321

Winds;
in plant-dispersal, 226, 259, 511;
on the summit of Mauna Loa, 583;
_see_ Drying-winds

Wolff, Dr., on Ecuador, 476, 486, 494-5

Wolffia, found by the author in Fiji, 408

Wollastonia, 109

Woodford, Mr. C. M., 66

Xerophytes, 32, 39, 201, 515

Ximenia americana, 107, 113, 115, 122, 128, 529, 563

Yams, 412-4

Zannichellia palustris, 537

Zippelius, on Scirpodendron, 406

RICHARD CLAY AND SONS, LIMITED
BREAD STREET HILL, E.C., AND
BUNGAY, SUFFOLK.

Transcriber’s Note

Some corrections have been made to the original text. In particular, punctuation has been normalized and ditto marks have been replaced by the text they represent. Scale bars have been added to the illustrations where a scale is indicated. Corrections listed in Additions and Corrections have been made in cases where words or phrases are to be substituted or removed. The page numbers in the Additions and Corrections have been corrected and the order has been adjusted accordingly.

Further corrections are as follows:

p. 48 seseedlings will float uninjured -> seedlings will float uninjured p. 467 in the case of Bruguiera rheedi -> in the case of Bruguiera rheedii