Chapter IX: The Making of Christendom (4)

141 The pretention shown in this by the emperor Justinian II. is noted
by Le Quien, _Oriens Christianus_, i. 140.

142 Hefele, iii. 300-331.

143 Photius, i. 221.

144 Photius, i. 223.

145 From Anastasius and Gregorovius.

146 Gregorovius, ii. 205 (1st edition).

147 Gregorovius, i. 209, 1st edition translated: in the 3rd edition he
has made omissions and alterations.

148 Anastasius.

149 Theophanes, 574.

150 Muratori, _Annali d’Italia_, A.D. 709. Niehues, i. 485.

151 Anastasius, _Life of Pope Constantine_.

152 Anastasius, _Life of Gregory_, iv.

153 Anastasius, in his letter to Pope John VIII., prefixed to the
Seventh General Council, quoted by Photius, i. 223.

154 From Theophanes, p. 574-584. I have shortened as much as possible a
narrative in its details too horrible to repeat.

155 Gregorovius, ii. 198.

156 Theophanes p. 688.

157 Mansi, xii. 196.

158 τούτοις δὴ τὰ κατὰ τὴν ὑμετέραν ἀποστολικὴν προεδρίαν ἔχομεν
παραβάλλειν, ἁγιώτατοι, καὶ κεφαλὴν τῆς κατὰ Χριστὸν ἱερωσύνης
κανονικῶς ὑμᾶς λογιζόμενοι.

159 Rex Theodoricus hereticus hoc audiens, exarsit in iram, et totam
Italiam voluit gladio extinguere.—_Book of the Popes_, Mansi, vii.
599.

_ 160 Book of the Popes_ given in Mansi, viii. 845.

161 Gregorovius, ii. 240 (1st edition).

162 The letter _Consideranti mihi_, Mansi xi. 234.

163 Photius, i. 207.

164 Muratori, _Annali d’Italia_, anno 726.

165 Beserem tot malorum auctorem atque incitamentum. _Historia Concilii
Nicæni II._—Mansi, xii. 955, a.

166 See Reumont, ii. 101.

167 Mansi, xii. 960-974, as read in the Seventh Council.

168 The reading here is doubtful.

169 Mansi, xii. 975-981. This letter also was read in the Seventh
Council.

170 See _Brunengo Origini_, p. 32, Mansi, xii. 227.

171 See Photius. i. 234, for the authorities presently quoted.

172 Πέτρου τοῦ κορυφαίου σύνθρονος. Theophanes, p. 628.

173 St. John Damasc., _de Imaginibus Orat._, ii. c. 12. Vol. I. p. 335.

174 See Renmont, ii. pp. 104-5.

175 Mansi, xii. 244.

176 Baronius, anno 731, 1.

177 Reumont, ii. p. 106.

178 See Rohrbacher Kellner, vol. xi. p. 175.

179 Theophanes, p. 631. τότε ὁ θεομάχος, ἐπὶ πλεῖον ἐκμανεὶς, Ἀραβικῷτε
φρονήματι κρατυνόμενος ... ὅπερ οὐδ᾽ αὐτοί ποτε οἵ διδάσκαλοι αὐτοῦ
Ἄραβες ἐποίησαν εἰς τοὺς κατὰ τὴν ἑῶαν χριστιανόυς.

180 See above, vol. vi, p. 302.

181 See Reumont, ii. 108.

182 From the _Liber Carolinus_, quoted by Mansi. xii. 184.

183 Brunengo, _Le Origini della Sovranità temporale dei Papi_, p. 106,
quoting inscriptions recorded by Troya, Codice diplomatico.

_ 184 Litteræ divales._

185 Anastasius, _Vita Stephani Papæ_. Mansi, xii. 521-532, from which
the following quotations are taken.

186 Mansi, xii. 524.

187 Muratori, _Annali d’Italia_, 753.

188 Brunengo, _Le Origini_, etc., p. 135.

189 Reumont, ii. p. 115.

190 Mansi, xii. 543. This letter I have much shortened: but nothing
important is omitted.

191 Reumont resumed, ii. p. 116.

_ 192 Vita Stephani Papæ II._ Mansi, xii. 531.

193 See Reumont, ii. 118.

194 “De manu gentium.”

_ 195 Epis._ xiii.; Mansi, viii. 60.

196 A. de Vere, _Legends and Records, Amalasunta_, p. 278.

_ 197 Stimmen aus Maria-Laach_, vol. viii. 42-44.

198 Niehues, vol. i. p. 434.

199 Niehues, vol. i. p. 436.

200 Niehues, _Kaiserthum uud Papstthum_, vol. i. 437.

201 Niehues, p. 446.

_ 202 Stimmen aus Maria-Laach_, viii. p. 48. _Die Regierungen und die
Papstwahl._

_ 203 Vita Pelagii Papæ_, ii.—Mansi, ix. 879.

204 From the _Liber diurnus Romanorum Pontificum_, Tit. iii.

205 Niehues, vol. i. 462-3.

_ 206 Ep._, v. 42.

207 The statue called Ἀντιφωνήτης, the Answerer, as having miraculously
answered the appeal of a friendless stranger.

208 Kellner, vol. ii. p. 363, in the German edition of Rohrbacher’s
History.

209 The following four pages are taken from Kellner, p. 407, who has
drawn the facts from Theophanes, p. 371.

210 Photius, p. 242, with note 97 from George Hamartolus.

211 Photius, i. 295.

212 ἡ οἱκουμένη.

213 Photius, i. p. 295.

214 I have in this chapter made continual use of Father Bruneugo’s two
works, _I primi Papi-Re e l’Ultimo dei Re Longobardi_, and _Le
Origini della Sovranitá Temporale dei Papi_. They are quoted under
the _Le Origini_, &c., and _I primi Papi-Re_.

215 See Gfrörer, _Papst Gregorius VII._, v. 10-11.

216 See his visit described in chapter vi. vol. v. p. 243.

217 Hoensbroech, _P. Paul von._—_Eutstehung und Entwicklung des
Kirchenstaates_ in the _Stimmen aus Maria-Laach_, July 1, 1889.

218 Hoensbroech quoted from the Jew, Samuel Sugenheim, in his history of
the rise and formation of the State of the Church, a prize essay
crowned at Göttingen in 1854.

219 By Biachini Giovini, quoted by Hoensbroech, p. 18, who gives 85
German square miles.

_ 220 Annali d’Italia_, anno 752.

221 Adolf Menzel, _Geschichte der Deutschen_, Book III. ch. xvi. 448,
quoted by von Hoensbroech, p. 34.

222 Mansi, xii. 546-9. Eleventh letter of the _Codex Carolinus_.

223 Anastasius.

_ 224 I primi Papi-Re_, p. 25.

_ 225 I primi Papi-Re_, p. 27.

_ 226 Ib._, p. 39.

_ 227 Ib._, p. 52.

_ 228 Ib._, p. 60-63.

_ 229 Anastasius_, Mansi, xii, p. 686.

230 Mansi, xii. 695-8.

231 Kellner, p. 475.

232 Kellner, p. 475.

_ 233 I primi Papi-Re_, p. 109, 117.

234 Kellner, p. 467, from _Anastasius_, who put these words into the
mouth of Pope Adrian himself, addressing the ambassadors of
Desiderius. Mansi, xii, 726.

_ 235 Anastasius_, Mansi, xii. 726.

236 From _Anastasius_, textually. Mansi, xii. 727.

237 Kellner, p. 479.

238 Narrative chiefly drawn from _I primi Papi-Re_, p. 187, etc.

_ 239 Anastasius_, literally.

240 Totum hiberni temporis spatium _multa moliendo_
consumpsit—_Annales,_ ann., 773.

_ 241 Anastasius_, Mansi xii. 736.

_ 242 Anastasius_, Mansi xii. 737.

243 Brunengo, _I primi Papi-Re_, 241-2.

_ 244 Vita Caroli_, M. n. 6. _Fasti Carolini_, found and quoted by Mai.

245 Muratori, _Annali d’Italia_, a. 774, quoted by Brunengo, _I primi
Papi-Re_, p. 260.

246 For the felicity of _Italian_ subjects of the Lombards, see Troya:
_Della condizione dei Romani vinti dai Longobardi_. Brunengo, p.
260.

247 Kellner, ii. 487-9.

248 Origini, p. 317-319.

_ 249 Codex Carolinus_, Ep. (Jaffe) 54.

250 Rohrbacher-Kellner, p. 489.

251 From Origini, etc., p. 297.

252 Origini, p. 271 more or less followed in this page.

253 Rohrbacher-Kellner, xi. p. 105.

254 See above, Vol. v. p. 254.

255 See Vol. v. p. 217.

256 Kurth, vol. ii. 76.

257 From Weiss, ii. 537-8.

258 Reumont, ii. 128-9.

259 Rohrbacher-Kellner, vol. xi. p. 553.

260 Phillips, _Kirchenrecht_, vol. iii. 51.

_ 261 Anastasius_, Mansi, xiii. 930.

_ 262 Anastasius_, Mansi, xiii. 932.

_ 263 Anastasius._

264 Jungmann, _15th Dissertation_, vol. iii. p. 176, translated.

265 Reumont, ii. 133.

266 Kurth, ii. 242.

267 Kurth, ii. 256-8, drawn from.

268 Hergenröther, _Kirchengeschichte_, i. 507-8.

269 Phillips, sec. 127, vol. iii. p. 202, 205.

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