Chapter XI: Appendix: Suggestions to Teachers

The following suggestions are made in answer to many inquiries from teachers who perceive the rare excellence of the "Foundations of Rhetoric," but who do not clearly see, because of the novel method of the book, how to turn its merits to account in their class-rooms. The suggestions outline one way in which the book has been used to great advantage.

It should never be forgotten that the illustrative sentences in the "Foundations" have no value except as they help the student to grasp a principle that he can apply in his own use of language. In every case the emphasis should be laid on the principle which is announced or illustrated. Merely learning the corrected sentences by heart is useless and should not be permitted.

In taking a class over PART I., which treats of words, it is the writer's practice to assign a short lesson--from one to three pages--in connection with every recitation in English. The leading ideas and most typical sentences in each lesson are privately marked in the teacher's book with colored pencil, so that they may readily catch his eye, and from five to twelve minutes of each recitation period are taken up with a rapid questioning on these leading ideas and typical sentences. Corrections or answers unaccompanied by reasons are not accepted. Attention is always fixed, not on the form of the illustrative sentence, but on the principle of usage under discussion. Pupils would rather commit to memory the sentences than trouble themselves about reasons; but they will master reasons when they find they must. After principles have been mastered, exercises in the choice of forms and words are needed in order that knowledge may be converted into habit.

In PARTS II. and III. the lessons are equally short and the emphasis is unceasingly laid on the question "Why?" If the subject is difficult, it is desirable, at the time that the lesson is assigned, to lead the class over the text and some of the illustrative sentences in order to open, as it were, the eyes of the pupils. Since these parts of the book treat not of single words, but of sentences and paragraphs, recitations on them seem to call for the use of pencil or chalk. One successful teacher conducts the recitation with books open, requiring her pupils to cover the correct sentences with a strip of paper while they explain and correct the faults in the incorrect sentences. The writer's practice is to paste the faulty sentences on cards of convenient size and thickness--the arrangement of columns is such that the sentences can all be cut from _one_ old book--and to distribute them among eight or ten pupils at the beginning of the recitation hour. While other matters are being attended to, these pupils write the sentences in correct form on the blackboard, and, when the time comes, give their reasons for the changes which they have made. Their work is discussed, if necessary, by the whole class. Reviews and written tests should be frequent. As fast as the various principles explained and illustrated in PARTS II. and III. are studied, the attention of pupils should be immediately turned to their own writing. It will be far more profitable for them to correct their own offences against clearness, force, ease, and unity than to correct similar offences committed by others. For this reason the PRACTICAL EXERCISES IN ENGLISH contains no exercises on the subjects discussed in PARTS II. and III. of the "Foundations."

INDEX

_A, an_, or _the_, 12. _Abbot_, feminine corresponding to, 21. Abbreviations, 22. _Ability, capacity_, distinguished, 29. _Abundance, plenty_, distinguished, 32. _Accept, except_, distinguished, 99. _Acceptance, acceptation_, distinguished, 25. _Access, accession_, distinguished, 25. _Accredit, credit_, distinguished, 92. _Actor_, feminine corresponding to, 21. _Acts, actions_, distinguished, 25. _Adherence, adhesion_, distinguished, 29. ADJECTIVES, 109-133; defined, 109; vulgarisms in the use of, 109-113; singular and plural, 110; adjective or adverb, 113-116; redundant, 117-118; misused, 119-129; use of the comparative and superlative degrees, 129-131; adjectives incapable of comparison, 131-132; misplaced, 132-133. _Admit, confess_, distinguished, 95. _Advance, advancement_, distinguished, 25. ADVERBS, 109-133; defined,109; vulgarisms in the use of, 109-113; adverb or adjective, 113-116; redundant, 117-118; misused, 119-129; use of the comparative and superlative degrees, 129-131; adverbs incapable of comparison, 131-132; misplaced, 132-133; between _to_ and the infinitive, 133. _Advise_ distinguished from _advertise_, 99; from _persuade_, 100. _Affect, effect_, distinguished, 99. _Affirm, claim, maintain_, distinguished, 94-95. _Afraid, scared_, distinguished, 124. _Aggravating, irritating_, distinguished, 119. _Ain't_, 71. Alienisms, defined, 10. _Alight, light_, distinguished, 62. _All_ distinguished from _the whole_, 23; from _each_, 56; after comparatives, 129. _Allege, affirm, assert_, etc., distinguished, 94. _Alleviate, relieve_, distinguished, 99. _Allow, admit, think_, distinguished, 99. _Allude_ to, _refer_ to, _mention_, distinguished, 99. _Allusion, illusion, delusion_, distinguished, 25. _Almost, most_, distinguished, 109. _Alone, only_, distinguished, 116. _Alumnus, alumna_, plural of, 20. Americanisms, defined, 10. _Among, between_, distinguished, 134. _Amount, quantity, number_, distinguished, 29. _Analysis_, plural of, 20. _And_, 143. Anglicisms, defined, 10. _Angry, mad_, distinguished, 123. _Antagonize, oppose_, distinguished, 94. _Anticipate, expect, suspect_, distinguished, 101. _Any_, with comparatives and superlatives, 129. _Any one_, number of, 58; distinguished from _either_, 55-56. _Apparently, evidently, manifestly_, distinguished, 122. _Appear, materialize_, distinguished, 95. _Apt, likely, liable_, distinguished, 119. Archaic, defined, 10. _Aren't_, 71. _Argue, augur_, distinguished, 99. _Argument, plea_, distinguished, 29. _Arise, rise_, distinguished, 92. ARTICLES, 12-15; meaning of, 12; generic, 12; superfluous and omitted, 13. _As_, clause after, often omitted in part, 45 note 2; a relative pronoun, 54; distinguished from _that_ after _same_, 54; from so when correlative with as, 119-120; from _like_, 142. _As if_ preferred to _as though_, 144. _As well as_, words joined to the subject by, 89. _Ask, demand_, distinguished, 95. _Assert, allege, declare_, etc., distinguished, 94-95. _Assertion, statement_, distinguished, 23. _At, in_, before names of places, distinguished, 134. _Augur, argue_, distinguished, 99. Auxiliary verbs, defined, 72. _Average, ordinary_, distinguished, 122. _Avocation, vocation_, distinguished, 25. _Awake_, principal parts of, 61. _Awful_, 124.

_Bachelor_, feminine corresponding to, 21. _Back of_, 134. _Bacterium_, plural of, 20. _Balance, rest, remainder_, distinguished, 29. Barbarism, defined, 10. _Barge_, for _omnibus_, 4. _Beau_, plural of, 21. _Because, for, since_, distinguished, 143. _Began, begun_, distinguished, 61. _Begin_, principal parts of, 61; distinguished from _commence, start_, 100-101. _Beseech_, principal parts of, 61. _Beside, besides_, distinguished, 134. _Between, among_, distinguished, 134. BIBLE, quoted, 3. _Bid_, principal parts of, 61. _Blow_, principal parts of, 61. _Bound, determined_, distinguished, 122. _Both, each, every_, distinguished, 119. _Break_, principal parts of, 61. _Bring, fetch, carry_, distinguished, 94. _Broke, broken_, distinguished, 61. _Buck_, feminine corresponding to, 21. _Bullock_, feminine corresponding to, 21. _Burglarize_, 10. _Burst_, principal parts of, 61. _But_, 143. _By, with_, distinguished, 134.

_Calculate, intend_, distinguished, 94. _Can_ or _may_, 71. _Can't_, 71. _Canto_, plural of, 18. _Capacity, ability_, distinguished, 29. _Captivate, capture_, distinguished, 92. _Carry, fetch, bring_, distinguished, 94. Case, possessive, of nouns, 17; of pronouns, 43; nominative or objective, 43-50. _Centre, middle_, distinguished, 30. CENTURY DICTIONARY, quoted, 25, 26, 32, 54, 92, 99, 116. _Champion, support_, distinguished, 94. Change of pronoun, 56-58. _Character, reputation_, distinguished, 30. CHAUCER, quoted, 72. _Cherub_, plural of, 21. _Choose_, principal parts of, 61. _Claim, assert, allege_, etc., distinguished, 94-95. COLERIDGE, S.T., quoted, 143. Colloquialisms, defined, 10. _Come_, principal parts of, 61. _Commence, begin, start_, distinguished, 100-101. _Common, mutual_, distinguished, 119. _Compare with, compare to, contrast_, distinguished, 99. Comparative and superlative, use of the, 129-131. Comparison, adjectives and adverbs incapable of, 131-132. _Complement, compliment_, distinguished, 30. _Completion, completeness_, distinguished, 26. Compound nouns, possessive of, 16; plural of, 18. Conditional mood, 85; sentences, 85-86. _Confess, admit_, distinguished, 95. CONJUNCTIONS, 142-149; vulgarisms in the use of, 142--143; misused, 143-146; omitted, 146.; redundant, 146-148; misplaced correlatives, 148-149. _Conscience, consciousness_, distinguished, 30. _Construe, construct_, distinguished, 99. _Continual, continuous_, distinguished, 122. Contractions, 43, 71. _Contrast, compare to, compare with_, distinguished, 99. Conversation and good use, 7. _Convince, convict_, distinguished, 99. _Could_, distinguished from _might_, 71-72; tense of the infinitive with, 79. _Council, counsel_, distinguished, 30. _Countess_, masculine corresponding to, 21. _Credit, accredit_, distinguished, 92. _Crisis_, plural of, 21. _Curriculum_, plural of, 21. _Custom, habit_, distinguished, 30. _Czar_, feminine corresponding to, 21.

_Daresn't_, 71. _Datum_, plural of, 21. _Deadly, deathly_, distinguished, 122. _Deception, deceit_, distinguished, 30. _Declare, assert, claim_, etc., distinguished, 94-95. _Decided, decisive_, distinguished, 122. _Delusion, illusion, allusion_, distinguished, 25. _Demand, ask_, distinguished, 95. Dependent clauses, _will_ or _shall_ in, 73; tenses in, 78. _Depreciate, deprecate_, distinguished, 92-93. _Detect, discriminate_, distinguished,99. _Determined, bound_, distinguished, 122. Dictionaries, usefulness of, 9; quoted, see CENTURY and MURRAY. _Die_ (noun), plurals of, 19. _Different from, different to_, 134. _Disclose, discover_, distinguished, 99. _Discover, invent_, distinguished, 31. _Discriminate, detect_, distinguished, 99. _Dive_, principal parts of, 61. _Do_, principal parts of, 61. _Doe_, masculine corresponding to, 21. _Doesn't_, 71. _Dominate, domineer_, distinguished, 99. _Don't_, 71. _Drake_, feminine corresponding to, 21. _Drank, drunk_, distinguished, 62. _Drive_, principal parts of, 61; distinguished from _ride_, 99. _Duck_, masculine corresponding to, 21. _Duke_, feminine corresponding to, 21. _Dumb, stupid_, distinguished, 122. _Duodecimo_, plural of, 18.

_Each_, distinguished from _all_, 56; from _every and both_, 119; number of, 58, 89. _Earl_, feminine corresponding to, 21. EARLE, JOHN, quoted, 82. _Eat_, principal parts of, 61. _Effect, affect_, distinguished, 99. _Egoists, egotists; egoism, egotism_, distinguished, 30. _Either_, distinguished from _any one,_ 55-56; number of, 58, 89. _Either_--_or_, number of the verb with singular subjects connected by, 89. _Electrocute_, 10. _Elegant_, 124. _Elicit, eliminate_, distinguished, 100. EMERSON, R.W., quoted, 124. _Emigration, immigration_, distinguished, 30. _Eminent, prominent_, distinguished, 123. _Enormity, enormousness_, distinguished, 30. _Enthuse_, 10. _Esteem, estimate, estimation_, distinguished, nouns, 30; verbs, 100. _Every_, number of, 58, 89; distinguished from _each_ and _both_, 119. _Everywheres_, 110. _Evidently, apparently, manifestly_, distinguished, 122. _Ewe_, masculine corresponding to, 21. _Except, accept_, distinguished, 99. _Except, without, unless_, distinguished, 142. _Existing, extant_, distinguished, 122. _Expect, suspect, anticipate_, distinguished, 101. _Expose, expound_, distinguished, 100. _Extant, existing_, distinguished, 122.

_Falsity, falseness_, distinguished, 31. _Fetch, bring, carry_, distinguished, 94. _Fewer, less, smaller_, distinguished, 109. Figures, plural of, 19. _Find, locate_, distinguished, 100. _Fish_, plurals of, 19. _Flee_, principal parts of, 61. _Fled, flew, flown_, distinguished, 61. _Fly_, principal parts of, 61. _For, because, since_, distinguished, 143-144. _For, on_, after _wait_, distinguished, 135. Foreign origin, plural of nouns of, 20-21. Foreignisms, defined, 10. _Forget_, principal parts of, 61. FOUNDATIONS OF RHETORIC, A.S. Hill's, 9; quoted, 6, 17, 54, 67, 61, 62, 113, 119, 133, 134, 135, 136, 143, 144. _Frances, Francis_, distinguished, 21. _Freeze_, principal parts of, 61. _Frighten_, 100. _Froze, frozen_, distinguished, 61. _Funny, odd_, distinguished, 122.

Gallicisms, defined, 10. _Gander_, feminine corresponding to, 21. Gender, nouns of different, 21. _Genius_, plural of, 21. _Genus_, plural of, 21. Gerunds, 50-51. _Get_, principal parts of, 61. _Go_, principal parts of, 61. Good reading, the foundation of good writing and speaking, 8. GOOD USE, 3-11; defined, 6; conversation and, 7; newspapers and, 7; not to be learned from any one book or writer, 7; to be learned from good reading, 8; and from dictionaries, 9; and from books like the "Foundations of Rhetoric," 9. _Good, well_, distinguished, 109. _Goose_, masculine corresponding to, 21. _Gorgeous_, 124. _Gotten_ for _got_, 61. _Grand_, 124. _Gums_ for _overshoes_, 4.

_Habit, custom_, distinguished, 30. _Halo_, plural of, 18. _Hang_, principal parts of, 61. _Happen, transpire_, distinguished, 96. _Hart_, feminine of, 21. _He, him, himself_, proper choice among, 43-45. _He, his, him_, for mankind in general, 58. _Healthy, healthful, wholesome_, distinguished, 122-123. _Heifer_, masculine corresponding to, 21. _Her, herself, she_, proper choice among, 43-45. _Hero_, feminine corresponding to, 21. HILL, A.S., quoted, 6, 8, 17, 25, 26, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 54, 61, 62, 74, 89, 92, 95, 99, 100, 113, 119, 122, 123, 133, 134, 135, 140, 143, 144. _Him, his_, before verbal nouns, 61. _Him, himself, he_, proper choice among, 43-45. _Hind_, masculine corresponding to, 21. _Hire, let, lease_, distinguished, 95. _His, him_, before verbal nouns, 51. _Home_, distinguished from _house_, 23; preposition before, 140. _How_, 144. _Human, humane_, distinguished, 123. _Hung, hanged_, distinguished, 61. _Hypothesis_, plural of, 21.

_I, me, myself_, proper choice among, 43-45. _Identity, identification_, distinguished, 31. _Illusion, allusion, delusion_, distinguished, 25. _Illy_, 110. _Immigration, emigration_, distinguished, 30. _Import, importance_, distinguished, 81. Improprieties, defined, 10. _Impugn, impute_, distinguished, 93. _In, at, into, on_, distinguished, 134-135. _In addition to_, words joined to the subject by, 89. _Index_, plurals of, 19. Indicative, use of the perfect, 78; indicative or subjunctive, 82-89. Infinitive, tenses of the, 78-79; adverbs between _to_ and the, 133. _Inquire, investigate_, distinguished, 100. _Insure, secure_, distinguished, 100. _Intend, calculate_, distinguished, 94. _Invent, discover_, distinguished, 31. _Investigate, inquire_, distinguished, 100. _It, its_, before verbal nouns, 51.

_Junto_, plural of, 18.

_Laid, lay, lain_, distinguished, 61-62. _Lasso_, plural of, 18. _Last, latest_, distinguished, 123. _Lay, lie, laid, lain_, distinguished, 61-62. _Learn, teach_, distinguished, 95. _Lease, let, hire_, distinguished, 95. _Leave, let_, distinguished, 100. _Lend, loan_, distinguished, 93. _Lengthy, long_, distinguished, 123. _Less, fewer, smaller_, distinguished, 109. _Lesser_, 110. _Let, leave_, distinguished, 100. _Let, lease, hire_, distinguished, 95. Letters, plural of, 19. _Liable, likely, apt_, distinguished, 119. _Lie, lay_, distinguished, 61-62; principal parts of, 62. _Light, alight_, distinguished, 62. _Light-complected_, 110. _Lighted, lit_, distinguished, 62. _Like, as_, distinguished, 142. _Like, likely, probably_, distinguished, 109. _Like, love_, distinguished, 95. _Likely, liable, apt_, distinguished, 119. _Limit, limitation_, distinguished, 31. _Lion_, feminine of, 21. _Loan, lend_, distinguished, 93. _Locate, find_, distinguished, 100. _Long, lengthy_, distinguished, 123. _Lot, number_, distinguished, 31. _Love, like_, distinguished, 95. _Lovely_, 124.

_Mad, angry_, distinguished, 128. _Magnificent_, 124. _Manifestly, evidently, apparently_, distinguished, 122. _Maintain, assert, allege_, etc., distinguished, 94-95. _Majority, plurality_, distinguished, 31. _Man after man_, number of, 58. _Many, much_, distinguished, 119. _Many a_, number of, 89. _Marquis_, feminine of, 21. _Materialize, appear_, distinguished, 95. _May, can_, distinguished, 71. _Me, myself, I_, proper choice among, 43-45. _Me, my_, before verbal nouns, 51. _Memento_, plural of, 18. _Mention, refer_ to, _allude_ to, distinguished, 99. _Middle, centre_, distinguished, 30. _Might_, distinguished from _could_, 71; tense of the infinitive with, 79. Misplaced adjectives and adverbs, 132-133; correlatives, 148-149. Misused nouns, 22-42; verbs, 92-108; adjectives and adverbs, 119-129; prepositions, 134-139; conjunctions, 143-146. _Monk_, feminine corresponding to, 21. _Most, almost_, distinguished, 109. _Much, many_, distinguished, 119. _Muchly_, 110. MURRAY'S DICTIONARY, quoted, 54, 94, 101, 119. _Must_, tense of the infinitive with, 78-79. _Mutual, common_, distinguished, 119. _My, me_, before verbal nouns, 51, 52. _Myself, me, I_, proper choice among, 43-45.

National use, 4-6. _Near, nearly_, distinguished, 109. _Need_, tense of the infinitive with, 78-79. _Negligence, neglect_, distinguished, 31. _Neither_, number of, 58, 89; distinguished from _no one_, 55-66. _Neither_--_nor_, number of the verb with singular subjects joined by, 89. _New, novel_, distinguished, 123. Newspapers and good use, 7. _Nobody_, number of, 58. Nominative or objective, 43-50. _No one, neither_, choice between,55-56. _Nor, or_, choice between, 144. Notional verbs, defined, 72. Nouns, 16-42; form of the possessive case, 16-17; use and misuse of the possessive case, 17-18; singular and plural, 18-21; plural forms of foreign origin, 20; gender, 21; abbreviations, 22; misused, 22-42; gerunds and verbal nouns, 50-51. _Novel, new_, distinguished, 123. _Novice, novitiate_, distinguished, 31. _Nowhere near_, 110. Number, singular and plural, of nouns, 18-21; of pronouns, 58-60; of verbs, 89-92; of adjectives, 110. _Number_, distinguished from _quantity_ and _amount_, 29; from _lot_, 81. _Number, quantity, amount_, distinguished, 29. _Nun_, masculine corresponding to, 21.

_Oasis_, plural of, 21. Objective case, 43-50. _Observance, observation_, distinguished, 26. Obsolete, defined, 4, _Octavo_, plural of, 18. _Odd, funny_, distinguished, 122. _Of_ after verbal nouns, 51. _Of which, whose_, choice between, 54. Omitted articles, 13; pronouns, 60; adverbs, 117; prepositions, 140; conjunctions, 146. _On, in_, before names of streets, distinguished, 135. _On, for_, after _wait_, distinguished, 135. _One_, possessive and reflexive of, 56-57. _Only_, distinguished from _alone_, 116; position of, 132. _Onto_, 135. _Oppose, antagonize_, distinguished, 94. _Or, nor_, use of, 144. _Oral, verbal_, distinguished, 123. _Ordinary, average_, distinguished, 122. _Organism_, organization, distinguished, 31. _Other_, with comparatives and superlatives, 129. _Ought_, tense of the infinitive with, 78-79. _Our, us_, before verbal nouns, 51. _Ourselves, we, us_, proper choice among, 43-46.

_Parenthesis_, plural of, 21. _Part, portion_, distinguished, 31. Participle, defined, 50. _Partly, partially_, distinguished, 119. Parts of verbs, principal, 61-62. _Party, person_, distinguished, 23. _Penny_, plurals of, 19. Perfect indicative, 78; infinitive, 78-79. Person, change from one to another in pronouns, 56-57. _Person, party_, distinguished, 23. _Persuade, advise_, distinguished, 100. _Phenomenon_, plural of, 21. _Piano_, plural of, 18. _Pitiable, pitiful_, distinguished, 123. _Plea, argument_, distinguished, 29. _Plead_, principal parts of, 62. _Plenty_, distinguished from _abundance_, 32; as adjective and adverb, 109-110. Plural of nouns, 18-21; of pronouns, 58-60; of verbs, 89-92; of adjectives, 110. _Plurality, majority_, distinguished, 31. _Portion, part_, distinguished, 31. Possessive case, of nouns, 16; of pronouns, 43. _Practicable, practical_, distinguished, 123. _Predicate, predict_, distinguished, 100. _Predominance, prominence_, distinguished, 32. PREPOSITIONS, 134-141; misused, 134-139; omitted, 140; redundant, 140. _Prescribe, proscribe_, distinguished, 100. Present use, 3-4. Principal parts of verbs, 61-62. _Probably, likely, like_, distinguished, 109. _Produce, product, production_, distinguished, 32. _Prominence, predominance_, distinguished, 32. _Prominent, eminent_, distinguished, 123. PRONOUNS, 43--60; possessive case of, 43, 56; in "self," 44-45; before verbal nouns, 50-61; choice of relative, 53-55; omission of, 53-54; change of, 56-57; singular or plural, 58; omitted, 60; redundant, 60. Proper nouns, plural of, 18; 19 note 3. _Proposal, proposition_, distinguished, 26. _Propose, purpose_, distinguished, 100. _Proscribe, prescribe_, distinguished, 100. _Prove_, principal parts of, 62. Provincialisms, defined, 10. _Proviso_, plural of, 18. Punctuation of relative clauses, 53. _Purpose, propose_, distinguished, 100.

_Quantity, number, amount_, distinguished, 29. _Quarto_, plural of, 18. _Quite, very_, distinguished, 119.

_Raise_, principal parts of, 62; distinguished from _rise_, 62. _Ram_, feminine corresponding to, 21. _Rang, rung_, distinguished, 62. _Real, really, very_, distinguished, 124. _Receipt, recipe_, distinguished, 32. _Recourse, resource, resort_, distinguished, 32. Redundant articles, 13; pronouns, 60; adjectives and adverbs, 117; prepositions, 140; conjunctions, 146-147. _Refer_ to, _allude_ to, _mention_, distinguished, 99. Reflexive pronouns, 45, 57. _Relation, relationship_, distinguished, 26. _Relative, relation_, distinguished, 32. Relative pronouns, 53-54. _Relieve, alleviate_, distinguished, 99. _Remainder, rest, balance_, distinguished, 29. _Repel, repulse_, distinguished, 100. Reputable use, 6. _Reputation, character_, distinguished, 30. _Requirement, requisite, requisition_, distinguished, 32. _Resort, resource, recourse_, distinguished, 32. _Rest, remainder, balance_, distinguished, 29. _Ride_, principal parts of, 62; distinguished from _drive_, 4, 99. _Rise_, principal parts of, 62; distinguished from _raise_, 62; from _arise_, 92. _Run_, principal parts of, 62.

_Same as, same that_, distinguished, 64. _Sang, sung_, distinguished, 62. _Sank, sunk_, distinguished, 62. _Sat, set, sit_, 62. _Scared, afraid_, distinguished, 124. _Second, secondly_, distinguished, 110. _Secreting, secretion_, distinguished, 32. _Secure, insure_, distinguished, 100. _See_, principal parts of, 62. _Self_, pronouns in, 44-45, 57. Sequence of tenses, 78. _Seraph_, plural of, 21. _Series, succession_, distinguished, 23. _Set_, principal parts of, 62; distinguished from _sit_, 62. _Sewage, sewerage_, distinguished, 32. _Shake_, principal parts of, 62. _Shall or will_, 72-77. _She, her, herself_, proper choice among, 43-45. _Shoe_, principal parts of, 62. _Shot_, plurals of, 19. _Should_ distinguished from _would_, 74, 77; in sense of ought, tense of the infinitive with, 78-79. _Show_, principal parts of, 62. _Shrank, shrunk_, distinguished, 62. _Since, for, because_, distinguished, 143. Singular and plural, nouns, 18-21; pronouns, 58-60; verbs, 89, 92; adjectives, 110. _Sit_, principal parts of, 62; distinguished from _set_ and _sat_, 62. _Situation, site_, distinguished, 32. Slang, defined, 10. _Slay_, principal parts of, 62. _Slew, Slain_, distinguished, 62. _Smaller, fewer Jess_, distinguished, 109. _So_ or _as_, correlative to as, 119-120. _So, therefore_, distinguished, 144. Solecisms, defined, 10. _Solicitude, solicitation_, distinguished, 26. _Solo_, plural of, 18. _Some, somewhat, something_, distinguished, 110. SONNENSCHEIN, PROFESSOR, quoted, 83. _Speak_, principal parts of, 62. _Speciality, specialty_, distinguished, 33. _Splendid_, 124. _Spoke, spoken_, distinguished, 62. _Sprang, sprung_, distinguished, 62. _Staff_, plurals of, 19. _Staff_, feminine corresponding to, 21. _Start, begin, commence_, distinguished, 100-101. _State, declare, assert_, etc., distinguished, 94-95. _Statement, assertion_, distinguished, 23. _Stay, stop_, distinguished, 95, _Steal_, principal parts of, 62. _Stiletto_, plural of, 18. _Stimulant, stimulation, stimulus_, distinguished, 26. _Stole, stolen_, distinguished, 62. _Stop, stay_, distinguished, 95. _Stratum_, plural of, 21. _Stupid, dumb_, distinguished, 122. Subjunctive, 82-89; forms of, 83-84; uses of, 84-86; in conditional sentences, 85-86; in wishes, 86. _Succession, scries_, distinguished, 23. Suggestions to teachers, 151. _Sultan_, feminine of, 21. Superfluous articles, 13; pronouns, 60; adjectives and adverbs, 117-118; prepositions, 140; conjunctions, 146-147. _Superlative_, use of the, 129-131. _Support, champion_, distinguished, 94. _Suspect, expect, anticipate_, distinguished, 101. _Swam, swum_, distinguished, 62. Symbols, plural of, 19.

_Tableau_, plural of, 21. _Take_, principal parts of, 62. _Teach, learn_, distinguished, 95. Teachers, suggestions to, 151-152. Tense, questions of, 78-82; in conditional sentences, 85; in wishes, 86. _Testimony, verdict_, distinguished, 23. _Than_, clause after, often omitted in part, 45 note 2. _That_ distinguished from as after _same_, 54. _That, those_, 110. _That, who, which_, as relatives, 53-54. _The_ or a, 12. _The_ before verbal nouns, 51. _Thee, thyself, thou_, proper choice among, 43-45. _Their, them_, before verbal nouns, 51. _Them, themselves, they_, proper choice among, 43-45. _Therefore, so_, choice between, 144. _These, this_, 110. _Thesis_, plural of, 21. _They, them, themselves_, proper choice among, 43-45. _This, these_, 110. _Those, that_, 110. _Thou, thee, thyself_, proper choice among, 43-45. _Though_, 144; verbs in clauses introduced by, 86. _Throw_, principal parts of, 62. _Thyself, thee, thou_, proper choice among, 43-45. _Tiger_, feminine of, 21. _Together with_, words joined to the subject by, 89. _Torso_, plural of, 18. _Transpire, happen_, distinguished, 96. _Tyro_, plural of, 18.

_Unbeknown_, 110. _Union, unity_, distinguished, 33. _Unless_, verbs in clauses introduced by, 86; distinguished from _without_ and _except_, 142. _Us_ or _our_ before verbal nouns, 51. _Us, ourselves, we_, pro per choice among, 43-45.

USE 3-11; defined, 6; conversation and, 7; newspapers and, 7; no one book or writer decisive of, 7-8; relation of dictionaries to, 9. Use, present, 3-4; national, 4-6; reputable, 6.

Verbal nouns, construction with, 50-51. _Verbal, oral_, distinguished, 123. VERBS, 61-108; principal parts often misused, 61-70; contractions, 71; _may or can_, 71; _will or shall_, 72-76; notional and auxiliary, defined, 72; _would_ or _should_, 74-77; questions of tense, 78-82; indicative or subjunctive, 82-89; singular or plural, 89-92; misused, 92-108. _Verdict, testimony_, distinguished, 23. _Very_, distinguished from _quite_, 119; from _real, really_, 124. _Visitor, visitant_, 33. _Vocation, avocation_, distinguished, 25-26. Vulgarisms, defined, 10; in the use of adjectives and adverbs, 109-113; of conjunctions, 142-143.

_Wait for, wait on_, distinguished, 135. _Wake_, principal parts of, 62. _We, us, ourselves_, proper choice among, 43-45. _Well, good_, distinguished, 109. WENDELL, BARRETT, quoted, 7-8. _Went, gone_, distinguished, 61. _What_ as a relative pronoun, 54. _When, while_, distinguished, 144. _Which, who, that_ (relative), proper choice among, 53-55. _Who, whom_, choice between, 43-45. _Who, which, that_ (relative), proper choice among, 53-55. _Whoever, whomever_, choice between, 45. _Whole, all_, distinguished, 23. _Wholesome, healthy, healthful_, distinguished, 122-123. _Whose, of which_, choice between, 54. _Will_ or _shall_, 72-76. Wishes, moods and tenses in, 86. _Witch_, masculine corresponding to, 21. _With_, words joined to the subject by, 89; distinguished from _by_, 134. _Without, except, unless_, distinguished 142. _Wizard_, feminine corresponding to 21. _Would_ or _should_, 74-77. _Write_, principal parts of, 62.

THE END