Chapter V: Of Verbs (2)

1. The expressions _each, every, many a, either_, and _neither_ are
singular.
2. When the subject consists of singular nouns or pronouns connected by
_or, either_--_or_, or _neither_--_nor_, the verb must be singular.
3. Words joined to the subject by _with, together with, in addition to_,
or _as well as_, are not a part of the grammatical subject, but are
parenthetical, and therefore do not affect the number of the verb.
4. Since a relative pronoun has the number and person of its antecedent,
a verb whose subject is a relative pronoun agrees in person and number
with the antecedent of the relative.
5. "When the subject though plural in form is singular in sense, the verb
should be singular; when the subject though singular in form is plural
in sense, the verb should be plural:"[89] as, "'Gulliver's Travels'
_was_ written by Swift;" "Five hundred dollars _is_ a large sum;" "Half
of them _are_ gone."
6. "A collective noun, when it refers to the collection as a whole, is
singular in sense, and therefore requires a singular verb; when it
refers to the individual persons or things of the collection, it is
plural and requires a plural verb."[90]

[88] "Foundations," pp, 101-108. [89] A.S. Hill: Principles of Rhetoric, revised edition, p. 56. [90] Ibid., p. 57.

EXERCISE LIII.

_Insert the proper form of the verb "to be" in each of the blank places_:--

1. "Horses" ---- a common noun. 2. Such phenomena ---- very strange. 3. The ship with all her crew ---- lost. 4. No less than fifty dollars ---- paid for what was not worth twenty. 5. Homer, as well as Virgil, ---- once students (a student) on the banks of the Rhine. 6. The committee ---- divided in its (their) judgment. 7. The genii who ---- expected to be present ---- deaf to every call. 8. France was once divided into a number of kingdoms, each of which ---- ruled by a duke. 9. Sir Richard Steele lived in the reign of Queen Anne, when the tone of gentlemen's characters ---- very low. 10. Each man employed in this department ---- paid for his (their) work. 11. Mathematics ---- my hardest study. 12. There ---- once two boys who were so exactly alike in appearance that they could not be distinguished. 13. Each of the heads of the Chimera ---- able to spit fire. 14. The jury ---- eating dinner. 15. "Plutarch's Lives" ---- an interesting book. 16. One of the most beautiful features of Kennebunkport ---- the tremendous rocks all along the coast. 17. The richness of her arms and apparel ---- conspicuous in the foremost ranks. 18. My robe and my integrity to heaven ---- all I dare now call my own. 19. Refreshing as springs in the desert to their long-languishing eyes ---- the sight of his white cravat and his boots of Parisian polish. 20. The "Arabian Nights" in complete form comprise (comprises) twenty volumes and ---- written by different men. 21. Fifty dollars a month ---- paid by the government to the widow of the colonel. 22. Ten minutes ---- spent in a writing exercise. 23. ---- either of you going to the village? 24. Our happiness or our sorrow ---- largely due to our own actions. 25. The guidance as well as the love of a mother ---- wanting. 26. Every one of these books ---- mine. 27. General Custer with his whole force ---- massacred by Indians. 28. Three times three ---- nine. 29. Nearly three hundred yards of the track ---- under water. 30. To admit the existence of God and then to refuse to worship him ---- inconsistent. 31. The ebb and flow of the tides ---- caused by the attraction of the moon. 32. Six dollars a week ---- all he earns. 33. Nine-tenths of his time ---- wasted. 34. Three quarts of oats ---- enough for a horse's meal. 35. "Tales of a Wayside Inn" ---- written by Longfellow. 36. The rest of the Republican ticket ---- elected.

EXERCISE LIV.

_Which of the italicized forms is preferable_?-- 1. A variety of pleasing objects _charm_ (_charms_) the eye. 2. Already a train or two _has_ (_have_) come in. 3. Each day and each hour _bring_ (_brings_) contrary blessings. 4. The Senate _has_ (_have_) adjourned. 5. No monstrous height, or length, or breadth _appear_ (_appears_). 6. I am the general who _command_ (_commands_) you. 7. Many a captain with all his crew _has_ (_have_) been lost at sea. 8. The jury _who_ (_which_) _was_ (_were_) out all night _has_ (_have_) just returned a verdict. 9. He _dare_ (_dares_) not touch a hair of Catiline. 10. The ambition and activity of this railroad _has_ (_have_) done much towards the civilization of the world. 11. Thackeray's "English Humorists" _treat_ (_treats_) not of the writings of the humorists so much as of their characters and lives. 12. Addison was one of the best writers that _has_ (_have_) ever lived. 13. This is one of the books that _give_ (_gives_) me pleasure. 14. Give me one of the books that _is_ (_are_) lying on the table. 15. This is one of the most important questions that _has_ (_have_) come up. 16. Nothing but vain and foolish pursuits _delight_ (_delights_) some persons. 17. Six months' interest _is_ (_are_) due. 18. You are not the first one that _has_ (_have_) been deceived in that way. 19. My room is one of those that _overlook_ (_overlooks_) the garden. 20. A committee _was_ (_were_) appointed to investigate the matter. 21. The greater part of the audience _was_ (_were_) pleased. 22. The public _is_ (_are_) respectfully invited. 23. The jury _was_ (_were_) not unanimous. 24. Generation after generation _pass_ (_passes_) away. 25. A glimpse of gable roof and red chimneys _add_ (_adds_) far more to the beauty of such a scene than could the grandest palace. 26. The society _hold_ (_holds_) _their_ (_its_) meetings weekly. 27. What _is_ (_are_) the gender, the number, and the person of the following words? 28. He made one of the best speeches that _has_ (_have_) been delivered before the school. 29. He is one of those persons who _is_ (_are_) quick to take offence. 30. _This_ (_these_) scanty data _is_ (_are_) all we have. 31. If the meaning of these passages is not carefully explained, some of the congregation may think that Matthew or Paul _is_ (_are_) guilty of some unorthodox opinions.

MISUSED VERBS.--See the remarks under "Misused Nouns."

I. A RESEMBLANCE IN SOUND MISLEADS.

ACCREDIT, CREDIT.--'To _accredit_ means 'to invest with credit or authority,'[91] or 'to send with letters credential;' _to credit_ means 'to believe,'[92] or "to put to the credit of."

ARISE, RISE.--"The choice between these words was primarily, and still often is, a matter of rhythm [euphony]. The literal meanings, however, or those which seem literal, have become more associated with _rise_, and the consciously figurative with _arise_: as, he _rose_ from the chair; the sun _rose_; the provinces _rose_ in revolt: trouble _arose;_ 'music _arose_ with its voluptuous swell.'"[93]

CAPTIVATE, CAPTURE.--_To captivate_ means "to fascinate"; _to capture_, "to take prisoner."

DEPRECIATE, DEPRECATE.--_To depreciate_ means "to bring down in value," "to disparage;" _to deprecate_ means "to argue earnestly against" or "to express regret for."

IMPUGN, IMPUTE.--_To impugn_ means "to call in question;" _to impute_ means "to ascribe to."

Loan, lend.--The use of _loan_ as a verb is not sanctioned by good use. Properly the word is a noun. A _loan_ is money which a person _lends_.

[91] "Foundations," p. 109. [92] A.S. Hill: Principles of Rhetoric, revised edition, p. 38. [93] The Century Dictionary.

EXERCISE LV.

_Tell the difference in meaning between_--

1. The Amazon _captivated (captured)_ our hero. 2. The king _depreciated (deprecated)_ Napoleon's effort to raise a new army. 3. The readiness with which men _impute (impugn)_ motives is much to be regretted.

EXERCISE LVI.

_Insert the proper word in each blank, and give the reason for your choice:--_

ACCREDIT, CREDIT. 1. Mr. Lowell was ----ed as Minister Plenipotentiary to England. 2. These reasons will ---- his opinion. 3. He did not ---- the strange report. 4. The contribution of five dollars previously ----ed to Mr. Williams came from Mr. Brown. 5. Mr. Sherman is well ----ed as a writer on finance. 6. The bank has not ----ed me with the interest on the deposit.

ARISE, RISE. 7. The court ---- at four o'clock. 8. At the discharge of a gun whole flocks of quail would ----. 9. The idea of a reward did not ---- in his mind. 10. Most of these appalling accidents ---- from negligence. 11. The men ---- against their officers. 12. Other cases of mutiny may ----.

CAPTIVATE, CAPTURE. 13. Her husband was ----d in the battle of Gettysburg. 14. Mr. S. was ----d by the young widow's beauty. 15. Let us attack them now and try to ---- the whole squad. 16. It is not merely what Chaucer has to say, but even more the agreeable way he has of saying it, that ----s our attention and gives him an assured place in literature.

DEPRECIATE, DEPRECATE. 17. Financial panics are likely to follow a--d currency. 18. His purpose was--d by all who knew it. 19. Both parties--war. 20. It is natural for those who have not succeeded to--the work of those who have. 21. He--s his daughter's desire to earn her own living. 22. An injurious consequence of asceticism was a tendency to--the character and the position of woman.

IMPUGN, IMPUTE. 23. We cannot deny the conclusion of a proposition of Euclid without--ing the axioms which are the basis of its demonstration. 24. The gentleman--s my honesty. 25. The power of fortune is confessed only by the miserable, for the happy--all their success to prudence and merit. 26. Mr.X. is uncharitable; he always--s bad motives.

II. A RESEMBLANCE IN SENSE MISLEADS.[94]

ANTAGONIZE, OPPOSE.--To _antagonize_ means properly "to struggle against," "to oppose actively," or "to counteract." "In England, antagonizing forces must be of the same kind, but in the political phraseology of the United States a person may antagonize (i.e., oppose) a measure."[95]

CALCULATE, INTEND.--To _calculate_ means properly "to compute mathematically," or "to adjust or adapt" for something. In the sense of _intend_ it is not in good use.

CARRY, BRING, FETCH.--To _carry_ means "to take along in going;" to _bring_ means "to take along in coming;" to _fetch_ means "to go, get, and bring."

CHAMPION, SUPPORT.--The word _champion_ is very much overworked, being often used in the general sense of "support." It should be restricted to cases in which there is the idea of entering the lists as champion of a cause.

CLAIM, ASSERT, ALLEGE, MAINTAIN, DECLARE, AFFIRM, STATE.--To _claim_ means properly "to demand as one's own or one's due." It is often loosely used, especially in the United States, for "assert," "allege," "maintain," "declare," or "affirm." To _assert_ is "to say or declare in the face of implied denial or doubt." To _allege_ is "to assert without proof." To _maintain_ is "to uphold by argument." To _declare_ is "to say publicly, clearly, or emphatically." To _affirm_ is "to assert on one's reputation for knowledge or truthfulness." To _state_, which is also often misused in the sense of "say," "assert," "allege," "declare," or "affirm," means properly "to express formally and in detail;" it always implies detail. (See "Foundations," pp. 113, 114, and "Practical Exercises," p. 99.)

CONFESS, ADMIT.--"_Admit_, in cases into which the idea of confession does not enter, is preferable to _confess_. On grounds of idiom, however, 'I must confess' and the parenthetical 'I confess' are exempt from the operation of this rule."[96]

DEMAND, ASK.--_To demand_ means "_to ask_ for with authority or with insistence." The use of "demand" in the sense of "ask" is borrowed, possibly, from the French use of _demander_.

HIRE, LET, LEASE.--_To hire_ means "to obtain the use of;" _to let_, "to give the use of." _To lease_ means "to give the use of by lease." The owner of a house _leases_ it; the person who occupies it _takes a lease_ of it.

LEARN, TEACH.--_Learn_ means to "acquire" knowledge, not to "impart" it. In the latter sense the proper word is _teach_.

"I have more information to-day than I had before," said Mr. Sheehan.

"This has learned you something," said Mr. Goff.

"Oh no," replied Mr. Sheehan, "it has taught me something."[97]

LIKE, LOVE.--_Like_ and _love_ differ greatly in strength or warmth, and may differ in kind. _Like_ may be feeble and cool, and it never has the intensity of _love_. We may _like_ or even _love_ a person; we only _like_ the most palatable kind of food. With an infinitive, _like_ is the common word, _love_ being appropriate only in the hyperbole of poetical or rhetorical feeling.[98]

MATERIALIZE, APPEAR.--_To materialize_ properly means "to make or to become physically perceptible;" as, "by means of letters we materialize our ideas and make them as lasting as ink and paper;" "the ideas of the sculptor materialize in marble."

PLEAD, ARGUE.--See _plea, argument,_ p. 29.

STAY, STOP.--"_Stay,_ as in 'At what hotel are you staying?' is preferable to _stop_, since _stop_ also means 'to stop without staying.'"[99]

TRANSPIRE, HAPPEN.--_To transpire_ means properly "to escape from secrecy to notice," "to leak out;" it should not be used in the sense of _to happen._

[94] "Foundations," pp. 110-114. [95] Murray's Dictionary. [96] A.S. Hill: Principles of Rhetoric, revised edition, p. 18. [97] Newspaper report. [98] See the Century Dictionary. [99] A.S. Hill: Principles of Rhetoric, revised edition, p. 19.

EXERCISE LVII.

_Tell the difference in meaning between--_

1. Please _bring (fetch)_ a chair from the next room. 2. You had better _carry (bring)_ an umbrella with you. 3. He _asserts (alleges, maintains, declares, affirms, says)_ that he has been robbed. 4. Mr. A. _stated (declared)_ his opinion. 5. He _admits (confesses)_ the fault. 6. The grocer _asks for (demands)_ his money. 7. He has _let (hired)_ the boat for the afternoon. 8. We have _leased (taken a lease of)_ the cottage. 9. He is _learning (teaching)_ the alphabet. 10. Dorothy _likes (loves)_ Helen. 11. Washington _stayed (stopped)_ at this house on his way to Philadelphia. 12. It _transpired (happened)_ that we disagreed.

EXERCISE LVIII.

_Insert the proper word in each blank, and give the reason for your choice:--_[100]

ANTAGONIZE, OPPOSE. 1. Ex-Secretary Windom ----d ex-Secretary Sherman's bill. 2. The body is balanced by an incessant shifting of the muscles, one group ----ing the other. 3. I am too weak to ---- your cunning.

CALCULATE, INTEND. 4. To-morrow he ----s to hunt the boar. 5. Bradley was able to ---- the velocity of light. 6. He ----s to go.

CARRY, FETCH, BRING. 7. Farmers ---- their potatoes to market. 8. What shall I ---- you from Paris? 9. Harry, please ---- a chair from the hall. 10. Go to the flock and ---- me two young lambs. 11. The Spartan was to ---- his shield home, or to be borne home on it. 12. When he dieth, he shall ---- nothing away.

CHAMPION, SUPPORT. 13. The Republican party ----ed this measure. 14. He ----ed the policy of the administration. 15. Gareth ----ed the cause of Lynette in the combats with the craven knights.

CLAIM, ASSERT, ALLEGE, MAINTAIN, DECLARE, AFFIRM, STATE, SAY. 16. The heavens ---- the glory of God. 17. Rhoda constantly ----d that it was even so. 18. I have endeavored to ---- nothing but what I have good authority for. 19. Nay, if my Lord ----d that black was white, My word was this, your honour's in the right. 20. She ----s her innocence in the strongest terms. 21. I will ---- what He hath done for my soul. 22. What if Nemesis ---- repayment? 23. It is not directly ----d, but it seems to be implied. 24. That such a report existed in Claudian's time cannot now be ----d. 25. Geologists ---- that before there were men on earth this immense gulf was a forest. 26. He fared on in haste to ---- his kingdom. 27. Will Mr. L. ---- his reasons for disagreeing with the rest of the committee? 28. He ----s that he will not come. 29. Both sides ---- the victory. 30. There is another point which ----s our attention. 31. He ----d that he had been robbed by A., but he showed no proofs. 32. He ----s that the thief attacked him on Third Street. 33. Please ---- all the particulars of the disaster. 34. The woman ----s that she left Bangor Thursday night, and was put off the train at Hermon for not paying her fare.

CONFESS, ADMIT. 35. He ----s that his opponent is a good man. 36. I ---- that I spoke too hastily. 37. I ---- that John was a thief. 38. Every man must ---- that he has occasional fits of bad temper. 39. The problem, I ----, is difficult.

DEMAND, ASK. 40. He ----s why I will not go with him. 41. The highwayman ----ed their purses. 42. The pound of flesh which I---- of him I dearly bought; 'tis mine, and I will have it. 43. He ----ed the way to Chester.

HIRE, LET, LEASE. 44. Boats to ----; twenty-five cents an hour. 45. We will ---- our country-house during the winter. 46. ---- us some fair chamber for the night. 47. Bathing suits to ----.

LIKE, LOVE. 48. I ---- to go rowing. 49. He ----s to talk of the days before the war. 50. All children ---- their mothers. 51. She ----s her blue gown. 52. Don't you ----strawberry short-cake? 53. A maid whom there were none to praise And very few to ----.

MATERIALIZE, APPEAR. 54. The representatives of the other colleges did not ----. 55. His hopes have not ----ed.

STAY, STOP. 56. The King of Denmark ----s there during the summer. 57. ---- a few moments longer. 58. She is very kind to ask me to ---- overnight. 59. I am very tired; let us ---- here and rest. 60. I've been ----ing with my mother for a week.

TRANSPIRE, HAPPEN, ELAPSE. 61. After a considerable time had ----d, he returned to the office. 62. Silas takes an interest in everything that ----s. 63. Presently it ----d that Henry Roscoe was the obstinate juryman. 64. Many things have ----d since the war was ended.

III. ADDITIONAL MISUSED VERBS.[101]

ACCEPT, EXCEPT.--_To accept_ means "to take something offered;" _to except_ means "to make an exception of."

ADVERTISE, ADVISE.--_To advertise_ is "to announce to the public" _to advise_ is "to give counsel or information to a person."

AFFECT, EFFECT.--_To affect_ is "to act upon," "to influence;" _to effect_ is "to bring about."

ALLEVIATE, RELIEVE.--_To alleviate_ pain is "to lighten" it; _to relieve_ it is to go further, and "to remove it in a large measure or altogether."

ALLOW, ADMIT, THINK.--_Allow_ properly means to "grant" or "permit," not to "admit," "think" or "intend."

ALLUDE TO, REFER TO, MENTION.--We _mention_ a thing when we name it directly. We _refer_ to it when we speak of it less directly. We _allude_ to it when we refer to it in a delicate or slight way.

ARGUE, AUGUR.--_To argue_ is "to bring forward reasons;" _to augur_ is "to foretell," "to forebode."

COMPARE WITH, COMPARE TO, CONTRAST.--"Two things are _compared_ in order to note the points of resemblance and difference between them; they are _contrasted_ in order to note the points of difference only. When one thing is _compared to_ another, it is to show that the first is like the second; when one thing is _compared with_ another, it is to show either difference or similarity, especially difference."[102]

CONSTRUE, CONSTRUCT.--"_To construe_ means 'to interpret,' 'to show the meaning;' _to construct_ means 'to build;' we may _construe_ a sentence as in translation, or _construct_ it as in composition."[103]

CONVINCE, CONVICT.--"_To convince_ is 'to satisfy the understanding;' _to convict_, 'to pronounce guilty.' 'The jury having been _convinced_ of the prisoner's guilt, he was _convicted_.'"

DETECT, DISCRIMINATE.--_To detect_ is "to find out;" _to discriminate_ is "to distinguish between."

DISCLOSE, DISCOVER.--To _disclose_ is "to uncover," "to reveal;" _to discover_ is, in modern usage, "to find."

DOMINATE, DOMINEER.--_To dominate_ is "to rule;" _to domineer_ is "to rule in an overbearing manner."

DRIVE, RIDE.--We go _driving_ in carriages, _riding_ in saddles. We _drive_ behind horses, we _ride_ on them.

ELIMINATE, ELICIT.--_To eliminate_ is "to remove," "to get rid of;" _to elicit_ is "to draw out."

ESTIMATE, ESTEEM.--_To estimate_ is "to judge the value of;" _to esteem_ is "to set a high value on," especially of persons.

EXPOSE, EXPOUND.--_To expose_ is "to lay bare to view;" _to expound_ is "to explain the meaning of."

FRIGHTEN.--_Frighten_ is a transitive verb, and is used correctly in "The locomotive _frightened_ the horse;" "The horse _was frightened_ by the locomotive;" "The horse became _frightened_." It should not be used intransitively, as in the sentence "The _horse frightened_ at the locomotive."

INQUIRE, INVESTIGATE.--To _inquire_ is "to ask for information;" _to investigate_ is "to make a thorough examination."

INSURE, SECURE.--_Secure_, in the sense of "to guard from danger," "to make safe," is preferable to _insure_, since _insure_ also means "to guarantee indemnity for future loss or damage."

LET, LEAVE.--_Let_ means "to permit;" _leave_, "to let remain," or "to go away from."

LOCATE, FIND.--_Locate_ properly means "to place in a particular position," or "to designate the site of," as of a new building or purchased lands; it does not mean _to find_.

PERSUADE, ADVISE.--_To persuade_ is "to induce," "to convince;" _to advise_ is "to give counsel or information."

PREDICATE, PREDICT.--_To predicate_ is "to affirm as an attribute or quality;" _to predict_ is "to foretell."

PRESCRIBE, PROSCRIBE.--_To prescribe_ is "to lay down as a rule or a remedy;" _to proscribe_ is "to condemn to death or to loss of rights."

PURPOSE, PROPOSE.--"The verb _purpose_, in the sense of 'intend,' is preferable to _propose_, since _to propose_ also means 'to offer for consideration:' the noun answering to the former is _purpose_; to the latter, _proposal_ or _proposition_."[104]

REPULSE, REPEL.--_Repulse_ usually implies hostility; _repel_ is a milder term. We _repulse_ an enemy or an assailant; we _repel_ an officious person or the unwelcome advances of a lover.

START, BEGIN, COMMENCE.--To _start_ is "to set out" or "to set going," and is not followed by an infinitive. Before an infinitive, "begin" or "commence" is used. "_Begin_ is preferred in ordinary use; _commence_ has more formal associations with law and procedure, combat, divine service, and ceremonial."[105]

SUSPECT, EXPECT, ANTICIPATE.--_To suspect_ is "to mistrust," "to surmise." _Expect_, in the sense of "look forward to," is preferable to _anticipate_, since _anticipate_ also means "take up, perform, or realize beforehand;" as, "Some real lives do actually _anticipate_ the happiness of heaven."

[100] In some of the sentences one verb or another is allowable, according to the meaning intended. [101] "Foundations," p. 115. [102] The Century Dictionary. [103] A.S. Hill: Principles of Rhetoric, revised edition, p. 38. [104] A.S. Hill: Principles of Rhetoric, revised edition, p. 19. [105] Murray's Dictionary.

EXERCISE LIX.

_Tell the difference in meaning between_--

1. I _accept_ (_except_) him. 2. Telegraphic communication was _affected_ (_effected_). 3. The medicine _alleviated_ (_relieved_) her suffering. 4. He _alluded to_ (_referred to, mentioned_) the battle of Gettysburg. 5. The first sentence was not well _construed_ (_constructed_). 6. Mr. Fox was _convinced_ (_convicted_). 7. Blanche of Devon _disclosed_ (_discovered_) the treachery of Murdock. 8. We are going _riding_ (_driving_) this afternoon. 9. He _rides_ (_drives_) well. 10. I will _inquire about_ (_investigate_) the business methods of the building association. 11. The furniture has been _secured_ (_insured_). 12. _Let_ (_leave_) me alone. 13. He _advised_ (_persuaded_) me to have my life insured. 14. He _purposed_ (_proposed_) to divide the class. 15. Did you _suspect_ (_expect_) us?

EXERCISE LX.

_Insert the proper word in each blank, and give the reason for your choice_:--[106]

ACCEPT, EXCEPT. 1. Let us ---- the terms which they propose. 2. In saying that the Alexandrians have a bad character, I ---- a few persons. 3. Why did you not ---- the gift? 4. He was ----ed from the general condemnation. 5. It gives me pleasure to ---- your invitation.

ADVERTISE, ADVISE. 6. The procession was ----d to start at half-past two o'clock. 7. Under these circumstances we ---- total abstinence. 8. The merchants were ----d of the risk. 9. When I return, I shall ---- you.

AFFECT, EFFECT. 10. She was greatly ----ed by the news. 11. When a man is hardened in crime, no fear can ---- him. 12. They sailed away without ----ing their purpose. 13. What he planned, he ----ed. 14. Bodily exercise indirectly ----s all the organs of the body. 15. The loud crash ----ed my hearing for a while. 16. Severe cold will ---- peach-trees. 17. The invention of the telephone was not ----ed without great labor.

ALLEVIATE, RELIEVE. 18. Some fruits are excellent to ---- thirst. 19. He gave me an opiate to ---- my pain. 20. His charity went far to ---- the wants of the poor. 21. My cares were ----ed by his friendship.

ALLOW, ADMIT, THINK. 22. He ----(ed) it would rain to-day. 23. He would not ---- her to come. 24. I ---- she will come. 25. He at last ----s that I was right.

ALLUDE TO, REFER TO, MENTION.
26. A Latin inscription ----ing (to) the name of the road is cut on
the rock.
27. The people of the country, ----ing (to) the whiteness of its foam,
call the cascade "Sour-milk Falls."
28. I proceed to another affection of our nature which bears strong
testimony to our being born for religion. I ---- (to) the emotion which
leads us to revere what is higher than we.
29. He ----s (to) enterprises which he cannot reveal but with the hazard
of his life.

ARGUE, AUGUR. 30. It ----s ill for an army when there are dissensions at headquarters. 31. Not to know me ----s yourself unknown. 32. E'en though vanquished he could ---- still.

COMPARE TO, COMPARE WITH, CONTRAST. 33. The generosity of one person is most strongly felt when ----d to (with) the meanness of another. 34. In Luke xv. the sinner is ----d to (with) a sheep. 35. Solon ----d the people to (with) the sea, and orators to (with) the winds; because the sea would be quiet if the winds did not trouble it. 36. It appears no unjust simile to ---- the affairs of this great continent to (with) the mechanism of a clock. 37. Goethe ----s translators to (with) carriers who convey good wine to market, though it gets unaccountably watered by the way. 38. To ---- the goodness of God to (with) our rebellion will tend to make us humble and thankful. 39. He who ----s his own condition to (with) that of others will see that he has many reasons to consider himself fortunate. 40. The treatment of the Indians by Penn may be ----d to (with) the treatment of them by other colonists. 41. Burke ----s the parks of a city to (with) the lungs of the body.

CONSTRUE, CONSTRUCT. 42. We might ---- his words in a bad sense. 43. How is this passage in Virgil to be ----d? 44. That sentence is obscure; it is not well ----ed.

CONVINCE, CONVICT. 45. The jury, having been ----d of the prisoner's guilt, ----d him. 46. I hope you may succeed in ----ing him of his error.

DETECT, DISCRIMINATE. 47. I cannot ---- the error in the account. 48. The chemist ----d the presence of arsenic in the coffee.

DISCOVER, DISCLOSE. 49. Events have ----d the designs of the government. 50. We often ---- our mistakes when it is too late.

DOMINATE, DOMINEER. 51. Three powers there are that ---- the world: Fraud, Force, and Right. 52. No true gentleman ----s his servants.

DRIVE, RIDE. 53. While Mrs. A. and her children were ----ing in the park the horses ran away and overturned the carriage. 54. Will you go ----ing with me in my new pony-cart. 55. While ----ing in the park Mr. C. was thrown from his horse.

ELICIT, ELIMINATE. 56. Discussion is a good way to ---- truth. 57. His bearing under the trying circumstances ----d the approval of all high-minded men. 58. It is the duty of a statesman to try to ---- the worst elements of society and to retain the best. 59. Let us try to ---- the true facts from this mass of evidence.

ESTIMATE, ESTEEM. 60. I ---- him for his own sake. 61. Men do not ---- highly the virtues of their enemies. 62. The shell of the hawksbill turtle is much ----d for making combs. 63. At what amount do you ---- the cost of the journey.

EXPOSE, EXPOUND. 64. Daniel Webster ----d the Constitution of the United States. 65. Daniel Webster ----d the villany of the Knapps. 66. The text was well ----d in the sermon. 67. It is the business of the police to ---- vice.

INSURE, SECURE. 68. Will you ---- my factory against fire? 69. For woods before and hills behind --it both from rain and wind. 70. The cargoes of ocean steamers are generally fully ----d. 71. The city is ----d by strong fortifications. 72. How are we to ---- to labor its due honor? 73. To enjoy the benefits which the liberty of the press ----s, we must submit to the evils which it creates.

INVESTIGATE, INQUIRE. 74. A committee was appointed to ---- the needs of the laboring classes. 75. I will ---- his name and rank. 76. Edison has been busy ---- ing the nature of electricity. 77. A commission was appointed to ---- the causes of the strike.

LET, LEAVE. 78. Please ---- me take you to town. 79. We ---- that to the judgment of the umpire. 80. Pharaoh said, "I will ---- you go." 81. Why do you--- your house go to ruin? 82. Peace I ---- with you. 83. I will ---- you know my decision to-morrow. 84. Please ---- me out at the corner of Twenty-third Street. 85. ---- us free to act. 86. ---- go! 87. ---- the beggar in. 88. ---- us ---- him to himself. 89. He ---- the cat out of the bag.

LOCATE, FIND. 90. The missing man has at last been ----d by the police in Kansas City. 91. The part of the city in which the mint is ----d.

PERSUADE, ADVISE. 92. Almost thou ----st me to be a Christian. 93. I ----d him to take a walk every day, but I could not ---- him to do it. 94. Columbus was ----d to give up the thought of sailing westward in search of the Indies. 95. When in mid-ocean, Columbus was ----d to alter his course.

PREDICATE, PREDICT. 96. This very result was ----d two years ago. 97. Ambition may be ----d us the predominant trait in Napoleon's character. 98. He ----s that the month of July will be rainy. 99. Disaster to the voyage was ----d by the enemies of Columbus.

PRESCRIBE, PROSCRIBE. 100. Sylla and Marius ----d each other's adherents. 101. The doctor ----d quinine in doses of four grains each. 102. It is easier to ---- principles of conduct than to follow them. 103. The Puritans ----d theatres. 104. The number of electors is ----d by law.

PURPOSE, PROPOSE. 105. I don't ---- to let you escape so easily. 106. I ---- that we go boating. 107. We ---- d to go to-morrow, but I fear the rain will prevent us. 108. I ---- to work hard this year. 109. Bassanio ----d to pay the bond thrice over, but Shylock declined the offer, for he ----d, if possible, to lake Antonio's life.

REPULSE, REPEL. 110. He gently ---- their entreaties. 111. The charge of Pickett's troops at Gettysburg was ----d.

START, BEGIN, COMMENCE. 112. Rosalind tells Orlando to ---- his courtship, and he wishes to ---- with a kiss. 113. The _Spectator_ was ----(d) by Steele. 114. We have ----(d) Homer's "Iliad." 115. We have ----(d) to find out our ignorance. 116. We ----d to feel that perhaps Darcy is not very bad, after all. 117. We ----(d) in an omnibus at seven o'clock. 118. She has ----(d) to study French. 119. Franklin's voyage was ----(d) under unpleasant circumstances. 120. It ----(d) to rain in torrents. 121. The play has ----(d). 122. Hostilities have ----(d). 123. The people of Philadelphia were so much pleased with Franklin's pavement that they ----(d) paving all the streets.

SUSPECT, EXPECT, ANTICIPATE. 124. I ---- that my grandfather was a wild lad. 125. I ---- great pleasure from our association in this work. 126. The burglars ---- that detectives are on their tracks, but they ---- to elude the officers by hiding in the country. 127. I was determined to ---- their fury by first falling into a passion myself. 128. I ---- that my father will come on a late train to-night. 129. I ---- that the rogue thinks himself safe from detection. 130. The death of the general is hourly ----ed.

[106] In some of the sentences one verb or another is allowable, according to the meaning intended.

EXERCISE LXI.

_Tell why the italicized words in the following sentences are misused, and substitute for them better expressions_:--

1. The death of his son greatly _effected_ him. 2. The Prince of Wales does not _propose_ to send a challenge to the owner of the yacht Puritan. 3. He is _learning_ me to ride a bicycle. 4. I cannot _predicate_ what may hereafter happen. 5. Will you _loan_ me your sled for this afternoon? 6. It is even _stated_ on the best of authority that the Minneapolis is capable of attaining a speed of twenty-four knots an hour, and of keeping it up. 7. Miss Duhe _claims_ that the clairvoyant divulged many things that were known to her only. 8. It is evident that whatever _transpired_ during the interview was informal and private. 9. There is little in the "Elegy" to _locate_ the church-yard which is referred to. 10. He says he cannot _except_ the invitation. 11. Is the Governor's wife _stopping_ at the Springs Hotel? 12. Dr. H.'s well-known views have led him to _champion_ the cause of Dr. B. 13. I do not propose to _disrespect_[1] the Sabbath. 14. Macaulay says Voltaire _gestured_[1] like a monkey. 15. I _love_ to see kittens play. 16. I _expect_ he must have arrived last night. 17. I _calculate_ it will rain soon. 18. This dry weather _argues_ ill for the corn crop. 19. Mrs. Dennett broke open the door, and found a startling state of affairs. In the hallway her daughter Grace was lying prostrate, and seemed to be in an unconscious state. She _awoke_ her daughter, who, after she had regained her senses, related what had _transpired_. 20. Elizabeth _allowed_ that he had given a very rational account of it. 21. He _calculates_ to go to-morrow morning. 22. The Abbe was beheaded, not _hung_. 23. I am looking for a fault which I cannot exactly _locate_. 24. James W. Reed, who mysteriously disappeared several weeks ago, has been _located_ in England. 25. I _expect_ you feel tired after your long walk. 26. The strike of the tailors, which it was _claimed_ would _transpire_ yesterday, failed to _materialize_. 27. Do you _allow_ to go to town to-day? 28. She tried to _locate_ the places whence the sounds came. 29. Floods in all directions. Middle and New England States _enjoy_ their annual freshets.[107] 30. I had hard work to _restrain_[108] from taking some.

[107] Heading in a newspaper. [108] Consult a dictionary.

EXERCISE LXII.[109]

_Illustrate by original sentences the proper use of each of these verbs_:--

Allow, learn, leave, let, loan, locate, accede, accredit, credit, arise, rise, captivate, depreciate, deprecate, impugn, impute, like, love, antagonize, champion, calculate, bring, carry, fetch, claim, assert, allege, maintain, admit, confess, demand, hire, let, lease, materialize, plead, argue, state, stop, transpire, accept, except, advertise, advise, affect, effect, alleviate, relieve, augur, compare to, compare with, contrast, construe, construct, convince, convict, detect, discriminate, disclose, discover, dominate, domineer, drive, ride, eliminate, elicit, insure, secure, esteem, estimate, expose, expound, investigate, persuade, convince, predicate, predict, prescribe, proscribe, purpose, propose, repulse, start, suspect, expect, anticipate.

[109] See Note to Teacher, p. 41.