Chapter III: Part 3

COLYMBIDÆ.--Farn L.H., September 18th, two Great Northern Divers to N. December 13th, several Red-Throated Divers and two Great Northern Divers off island. Podicipitidæ, Farn L.H., September 15th, Red-Necked Grebe seen off island.

General Notes.

With reference to the rush of birds on October 16th and 17th, Mr Thomas O. Hall of the Longstone L.H. writes:--"October 16th. Starlings and Redwings commenced to come at 1.30 A.M., and continued to daylight; after that they continued to come all day, but not in large numbers. One Tree Sparrow. Wind easterly. October 17th. An enormous rush of Redwing and Starling; not many of the other kinds, only a few Blackbirds and Larks. One Woodcock was injured against the lantern, one Jacksnipe killed, also one Brambling. One female Redstart seen. Several Woodcock were shot on the adjacent islands by a boat from shore, so that there was a large flight. The rush of birds was continuous from 1.45 A.M. to 5.30 A.M. The greater part of the Starlings caught were young birds. There were also some Knot flying round the lantern, but none struck. The wind was east, with drizzling rain." Again, with regard to the November rush which was continuous on the 10th and 11th:--"November 8th. A few Redwings and Larks heard after dark, and one Fieldfare on the gallery at midnight. Wind S. to S.W., moderate. 9th. A few Fieldfare heard through the morning, and two Skylarks seen at 10.30 A.M. Several Fieldfare and Knot flying round from 6 P.M. till midnight; one Skylark and one Fieldfare caught. Wind from S.W. to S.S.E., and at midnight S.S.E. 10th. Fieldfares flying more plentifully than in fore part of the night, but not striking. No other birds seen. The flight of Fieldfares continued all day, one flock of fifty and another of two hundred passed in afternoon, also five Blackbirds and one Corby Crow in the afternoon. The Fieldfare continued up to 10.38 P.M., when the weather became clearer. One of the large Snipe struck S.E. side of lantern at 9.45 P.M., and was almost smashed to pieces; one Dunlin also killed; wind S. by E. to S.E. by S. 11th. Fieldfares, Redwings, and Blackbirds coming all day and all through the night, also Skylarks. One Jacksnipe killed. Wind from S. round by E. to N.E., light, with passing showers of drizzle. 12th. The same birds as yesterday still coming all day, and continuing up to 11 P.M.; wind from S.W. to W. by N., moderate. At 1 P.M. one Snow Bunting and a Brambling."

Farn L.H.--Mr Thomas H. Cutting:--January 1st, 1886. "Very large flocks of Golden Plover to and from land, a good many Mallard and several Snipe on island; westerly gales, hail and snow, with severe frosts. I was shown a bird picked up on the main shore about three weeks previously, which I identified as a Fulmar Petrel. I remember one being captured about nine years ago."

Coquet Island L.H.--Mr William Evans:--"October 17th. Hundreds of Blackbirds, Thrushes, Starlings, Larks, three Woodcock, one Snipe flying round lantern; one Woodcock killed, and one hundred Blackbirds, Thrushes, Starlings, and Larks."

Dudgeon L.V.--Mr J. F. Warder:--"Seagulls and Puffins are very thin at the Dudgeon Station. Skua Gulls are seldom seen here summer or winter."

Leman and Ower L.V.--Mr John Bowen (Mate):--"November 13th. Large numbers of birds at midnight round the ship and lantern. West (3), O. M. One Curlew, one Woodcock, one Blackbird, three Starlings, four Thrushes, fourteen Redwings, twelve Larks, and one Finch killed; the rest went away at daylight to N.W.

Hasbro' L.V.--Mr B. V. Darnell and J. Nicholas:--"June 7th, 4 P.M., S.S.E. (2), O. M., one Deaths-head Moth caught alive; several small White Moths and Black Flies rested."

Languard Point L.H.--Mr Owen Boyle:--"July 4th, at 9.35 P.M., millions of very small brown-coloured Flies pitched on lantern glass, and to keep the glass clear they had to be washed off. They sting like a mosquito. Wind S. (1), B. C. M."

Hanois L.H., Guernsey.--Mr Charles Williams:--"April 10th, 1885, Cuckoo, two seen on the island, and several Swallows, Whitethroats, and Blue Titmouse, Yellow Wagtails, Yellow Buntings, and Wheatears. The west end of the island was all alive with birds of passage. The morning fine; wind N., light." "September 13th. S.E., cloudy. Silver-gamma Moth all the evening flying about lantern." "September 17th. N.E. (4), O. R. Golden-crested Wrens, Redstarts, Wheatears, Wagtails, Whitethroats, Blackcaps, and Swallows after midnight; a great many killed, and fell into the water." "22d. Winged Ants flying past lighthouses, some settled. S.E., B. C. V., 2 P.M."

In the great rush, October 15th, 16th, E.N.E. (4 to 5), O. M., the species actually shown by the schedules as on migration over the North Sea, were Redwing, Starling, Tree-sparrow, Blackbird, Lark, Thrush, Fieldfare, Water-rail, Hawk, Redbreast, Woodcock, Goldcrest, Snipe, Gray Crow, Snow-Bunting, Ring-Ousel, Chaffinch, Carrion Crow, Wheatear, Rook, Linnet, Hedge-Sparrow, Common Sparrow, Brambling, Short-eared Owl, Knot, Wild Geese, and Jacksnipe; and on November 10th, 11th, S. by E. to N.E., drizzly. Missel Thrush, Blackbird, Grey Crow, Thrush, Redwing, Snipe, Dunlin, Fieldfare, Stormy Petrel, Lark, Lapwing, Goldcrest, Starling, Curlew, Stonechat, Rook, Daw, Ducks, Sparrow, Redbreast, Titmice, Short-eared Owl, Tree Pipit, Snow-bunting, and Brambling, with doubtless many others not distinguished at the time.

From Malmo, Sweden.--Mr Frank E. Newton sends a cutting from a Gotland newspaper, of which the following is a translation:--"A curious circumstance happened at the F[)a]rö Lighthouse on the 20th October. About 8.30 in the evening a sharp report was heard by the man on watch. He immediately went up to the lantern to ascertain the cause, when he found two of the panes of glass broken into small pieces, as well as three "Alfoglar" (Long-Tailed Ducks, _Harelda glacialis_) lying dead inside. There were also three lamp glasses broken, and a third pane of glass cracked in many places. On the ground below lay nine more birds of the same sort. The Ducks had come from a northerly direction. The flight must have been at a remarkable speed, as the quarter-inch thick glass was smashed into many small pieces."

Schedules have been sent in since the writing of the report from Inner Farn L.H.--Mr Thomas H. Cutting--ranging from February 11th to March 30th, 1886, and recording a large migration of Skylarks during the forenoon on February 19th to the W.; also the movements of Blackbirds, Thrushes, Common Wrens, Lapwing, Snipe, Starlings, Golden Plover, Daws, and "Black Crows." A pair of Wheatears on February 22d, at 5 P.M., and again a pair on March 25th. A small flock of Snow-Bunting on March 13th, and three Fieldfare on the .30th.

Galloper L.V.--Mr P. Frost:--From January 21st to April 12th, 1886, is specially interesting as recording the enormous migration of Larks and Starlings, and in less numbers of Chaffinches, Sparrows, Linnets, and Plover. On the nights of January 21st to 23d, two hundred and twenty-six were killed. Unfortunately Mr Frost fails to state the directions of flights, but, judging from the entries in the schedules sent in by other light-vessels on the south-east coast, they refer to birds on passage both to the Continent and our own shores.

Newarp L.V.--Messrs C. Campbell and W. Rees:--From October 21st to March 21st, 1886, up to February 14th. Crows, Starlings, Larks, Chaffinches, Blackbirds, Thrushes, Fieldfares, Bramblings, and Linnets in greater or less numbers to the W., ceasing on December 11th, and again recommencing on January 23d to February 14th, and then from March 5th to 21st, Starlings, Larks, and Crows passing to the E.

Swin Middle L.V.--Messrs Pender and J. Barrett:--From January 21st to April 3d, 1886; between January 21st to February 15th. Immense flights of Larks, generally during the night, and large numbers killed; also Starlings, Sparrows, and some Chaffinches. On January 24th, five flocks of small birds travelling from N.W. to S.E. On the night of February 14th to 15th, Larks still in great numbers, ninety on deck, and a great many falling into the water, "for two hours the Larks were like a shower of snow." March 28th and 29th, and April 1st, 2d, 3d, Chaffinches at intervals during the morning three or four together, all were male birds, only one female seen. "Ducks" (probably Scoters) "can be seen from this vessel eight or nine months in the year, but on February 10th, 11th, 12th, we had calms and fogs, and the Ducks sat on the water, covering about a mile, the water being black with them."

Lord Clifton writes:--"About twenty Swallows were picked up dead after the northerly gales and rain of October 13th and 14th. Seven were found huddled together alive in a duck's nesting-box in a stable, and one was found dead in a slipper in a bedroom, so desperate were the efforts of the poor birds to find warmth and shelter. House Martins were similarly overtaken." "Golden Oriole."--"On June 9th a bricklayer thought he saw one, and on the 23d a woodcutter said he both saw one and heard it whistle; our people about here are familiar with the general appearance of the bird from its having bred in this park in 1874 and 1875."

General Remarks.

A special point of interest in the report for the East Coast of England was the large arrival of Pied Flycatchers at Spurn and Flamborough in the first week in May 1885, with a north-east wind. This immigration extended northward as far as the Pentland Skerries (see Report from the East Coast of Scotland). At Flamborough the Flycatchers were accompanied by male Redstarts.

There was an enormous arrival of Redwings, commencing at the Farn Islands on September 15th, and continued throughout October and November to the first week in December, and covering the whole east coast of England. There was also an immense immigration of Fieldfares, which was specially observed at the Longstone L.H. from November 8th to 11 P.M. on the 12th.

Scarcely second to these in importance was the immense flight of Bramblings, the bulk of which arrived in two great rushes between October 14th and 17th and on November 11th and 12th; this species being reported as more plentiful in the eastern counties than ever previously recorded.

The main body of Woodcocks arrived in two great rushes, the "first flight" on the night of October 16th to 17th, covering the east coast from the Farn Islands to Thanet, and the "great flight" on October 22d to 23d and 23d to 24th between the same islands and Yarmouth. After this. Woodcocks kept dropping in at intervals up to the end of January 1886.

It has been remarked in previous reports that the migration of a species extends over many weeks, and in some cases is extended for months. Yet it is observable that, at least on the east coast of England, year by year, the bulk or main body of the birds which strike the coast come in two enormous and almost continuous rushes during the second and third weeks in October and the corresponding weeks in November. Continued observation also proves that the earlier arrivals, as a rule, refer to the young of the year, and the later to old birds, but with many exceptions.

Birds also continue persistently, year by year, to follow the same lines of flight both in the spring and autumn, and at least nine-tenths of the arrivals at the latter season come directly from the east or from points south of east, moving to the west and north-west. In the spring, when leaving the east coast, they travel in the reverse direction, but still following the old lines. The occurrences of migrants coming from points north of east is quite exceptional.

The fact of a double migration or passage of birds of the same species across the North Sea in the spring and autumn, both to the E. and S.E. and W. and N.W., is very clearly established (see General Remarks, 1884 Report, East Coast of England, pp. 69 and 70). This phenomenon is regularly recorded on the whole of the east coast, but specially observable at those light-vessels which are stationed in the south-east district included in this report; at the same time, it is invariably persistent and regular year by year.

An examination of the reports, seven in number, already issued by the Committee, will show the extreme regularity and precision in time during which the migration of each species is carried on. This applies both to the vernal and autumnal passage; in the vast majority of cases the commencement of the migration occurring on the same day, or within a few days, of a fixed period, so that it would not be difficult to tabulate in advance with almost certainty the normal movement or migration of each species.

The arrivals of rare and occasional visitants have been unusually few; perhaps those of chief interest are the occurrences of the Arctic Bluethroat and Desert Chat at Spurn, the Black-Bellied Dipper in Lincolnshire, the Woodchat Shrike, Serin Finch, and Spoonbill in Norfolk, and the Spotted Eagle in Northumberland.

In the spring the earliest occurrence of our summer visitants is as frequently recorded at the northern as at the southern stations; instance the arrival in 1885 of the Swallow at Spurn on April 8th; the Swift, several, on April 20th; and the Cuckoo at Whitby on April 8th; and in 1886 the arrival of Wheatears at the Farn Islands on February 2 2d. The line of migration of the latter, as yearly observed at the Tees L.V., is from S.E. to N.W.

_Addenda to "General Notes," East Coast of England._

Leman and Ower L.V.--Mr T. Artis:--March 19th to 28th, 1886. On March 19th and 25th "Black Crows" N.W. to S.E.; and between March 19th to 28th, Skylarks, Starlings, Chaffinches, and others to W. March 28th, at 9 P.M., S.S.E., fog. One Fieldfare, three Starlings, three Chaffinches, one Woodcock, and three Bramblings killed. Mr Artis also remarks, under date of April 13th, 1886, 5 P.M. and 7 P.M.:--"I have to inform you that this afternoon, being a calm at the time, I saw close to my vessel, about three ship's length off, a very large creature which I believe was some sort of a whale. I never saw such a fish near the Leman and Ower banks (18 fathoms) before. It appeared to be larger than the ship, and came from the N.W., going S.E., and at 7 P.M. he was surrounded by spring herrings--some thousands--leaping out of the water from three to four feet. It was a beautiful sight."

There is a very interesting schedule, which is carried forward to the next report (1886), from the Longstone L.H., Mr Thomas O. Hall. A Woodcock was flushed on the 3d of April on the rock, which flew E. On April 7th, at 9.30 A.M., two flocks of Hooded Crows passed to mainland, wind W., strong; and on the 13th a small flock of Books passed to mainland at 7.30 A.M., wind S.E. and E. There was a great flight of Fieldfares, Redstarts, and Wheatears, and other kinds, round the lantern between 12 and 1 A.M. on the 28th April. As soon as the wind shifted to the N.E. all the birds left.

HELIGOLAND.

_Ornithological Almanac for 1885._[11]

[Footnote 11: Contributed by Mr Gätke.]

=January.=

1st and 2d.--

3d.--_Fringilla chloris_, very many. _Alauda arvensis_ and _Turdus pilaris_, numerous.

4th to 8th.--Guillemots on hatching ridges in rocks by thousands.

9th and 10th.--

11th, evening, N.E.--Extensive migration during the night: _Numenius_, _Char. auratus_, _Tringa_.

12th, N.E., light wind, 1 deg. frost, a little snow.--_Fring. chloris_, very many; _cannabina_ and _montium_, fewer; _Turdus pilaris_, _iliacus_, _merula_, and _viscivorus_, numerous, the latter individually. _Anth. pratensis_, pretty many; _Num. arquata_ and _Char. auratus_, all numerous, migrating overhead.

13th, S.E., fine.--_Fring. chloris_, again very many, twenty at one shot; _cannabina_ and _montium_, also very many; _Turdus pilaris_ and _Alauda arvensis_, also very many; _Sturnus_, fifty to sixty.

14th, N.E., heavy, thick, overcast.--Nothing.

Up to 27th, frost 3-5 deg., fine weather.--During the whole time only stray birds: _Sturnus merula_, _Al. arvensis_, _Emb. miliaria_.

28th, 29th, 30th, S.W., overcast, mild.--_Fr. chloris_, very many. _Merula_, _pilaris_, _Sturnus_, _Al. arvensis_, many passing on.

=February.=

1st and 2d.--Nothing.

3d.--_Al. arvensis_, extraordinary many. _Fr. chloris_ and _cannabina_, also many. _T. merula_, _musicus_, _iliacus_, also pretty many. _Char. auratus_, _Num. arquata_, many passing on.

4th, southerly.--All the above, but considerably fewer. _Corv. frugilegus_, a swarm of at least one hundred.

Till 9th westerly wind, often fog.--Nothing. 9th, Guillemots in rocks.

10th, 11th, 12th, S.E. and S.--Nothing. Stray _merula_. Many _Fr. chloris_.

13th to 17th, S.W., fog.--_Turd. viscivorus_, ten or twelve on 17th. _C. frugilegus_, a great flight.

Up to 23d.--Nothing passing.

24th, S.S.W., still, fine weather.--_Mot. lugubris_, one [male]. _Sax. rubicola_, several [male]. _Anth. rupestris_ and _pratensis_. _Alauda arvensis_, few. _Arborea_, a couple.

25th, S.W., clear, fine; in evening south.--_Corvus monedula_, a tolerably great flight. _Turd. merula_ and _iliacus_, pretty many. _Viscivorus_, ten to fifteen. _Sax. rubicola_, [male]. _Anth. pratensis_ and _rupestris_, pretty many. _Al. arvensis_, a great many. _Arborea_, a few. _Fring. chloris_ and _cannabina_, numerous. _Scol. rusticula_, one.

26th, S.W., early fog; P.M. clear, fine.--_Corv. frugilegus_, ten thousands. _Cornix_, few. _Sturnus_, many. _Merula_, few. _Alauda_ passing on overhead. _S. rubicola_, several _Fr. chloris_, _cannabina_, _cœlebs_, many, particularly the first. _F. domesticus_, a great flight passing high overhead eastward. _Anth. pratensis_ and _rupestris_, many. _Mot. lugubris_, a fine [male]. _Char. auratus_, _vanellus_, and _hiaticula_. _Fr. alpina_ and. _Num. arquata_ all migrating in great numbers.

27th, S., S.S.E. forenoon, fog; P.M. clear, fine.--All the above, but less in number. _Mot. lugubris_, fine [male].

28th, S.W., still, dense fog.--_Corv. frugilegus_, flights overhead passing. _Sax. rubicola_, two in the garden. _Mot. lugubris_, fine old [male]. _Emb. schœniclus_, a few. _Anser cinereus_, seventeen passing low overhead.

=March.=

1st, early, 8 to 9, fog, still; later, N., light, clear; P.M., N.W., fresh.--_Merula_, early a couple hundreds.

2d.--_F. peregrinus_, one old bird. _Accentor_, several in the garden.

3d, S.S.W. to S.E.--_F. tinnunculus_. _Corv. frugilegus_, many. _Cornix_, few. _Alauda arvensis_, _Anth. pratensis_ and _rupestris_, few. _Fr. cannabina_, many. _Chloris_, fewer. _Char. vanellus_, ten to fifteen. _Auratus_, a couple.

4th.--Almost nothing: A few _Al. arvensis_ and _alpestris_. _Emb. schœniclus_ and _nivalis_.

5th, N.W., light, overcast.--_F. æsalon_, one old 6. _Corv. frugilegus_ and _Sturnus_, not many. _Merula_, several. _Al. arvensis_, very many, numerous flights overload passing. _Mot. lugubris_, a few females and young male. _Emb. schœniclus_, several. _Char. vanellus_, thousands. _Auratus_, hundreds. _Hiaticula_, twenty to fifty. _Num. arquata_ and _Fring. alpina_, many. _Scol. rusticula_, one.

6th, N.E., fresh, little wet snow.--_Milvus_, one. _Sturnus_, _merula_, and _scolopax_, several. _Al. arvensis_, several large flights. _Ans. albifrons_, one, one year old.

7th, N.W. to W., clear, cold 1 deg.--_F. æsalon_, one [male]. _Sturnus_ and _Alauda_, stray birds. _Anth. pratensis_ and _rupestris_, somewhat more.

8th, W., S.W.; in evening fog.--Nothing. A few _Mot. lugubris_. Few _Sturnus_. One Woodcock.

9th, N.N.W., windy, cold, now and then fine snow, and clear.--_Corv. cornix_, little flights. _Mot. lugubris_, a couple. Two Woodcocks.

10th, N.W., fresh, loose scattered clouds, cold.--Nothing.

11th, N.N.W., fresh; P.M., N.E., clear, cold.--_Merula_ and _Sturnus_, a few.

12th, W.N.W., slight wind, thick, almost fog.--_Merula_, _Anth. pratensis_ and _rupestris_, a few.

13th, N.W., fresh, misty.--Almost not a bird. A few miserable Pewits.

14th, N.N.W. to N., fresh, cold.--Nothing. A few _Mot. alba_.

15th, N.N.W., windy, cold, overcast; in evening fog till 1.30 A.M.--_T. merula_, tolerable, ten caught in bush, 8 old [male], 2 [female]. _Sturnus_, flights. _Mot. alba_, singly. _Vanellus_, early, some flights. Four to five Woodcocks. Several Snipes and Plover.

16th, W., violent, cold, overcast; in evening clear.--_Corv. cornix_, six to ten. _Sturnus_, till nine in morning; flights of hundreds and thousands. _Merula_, a few hundred. _Iliacus_, fewer. _Mot. alba_, few. _Anth. rupestris_, some. _Pratensis_, none. _Al. arvensis_, many. _Fr. cœlebs_ and _cannabina_, few. _Char. vanellus_ and _auratus_ passing on overhead. Woodcocks, three shot. _Tr. alpina_, early, great flights.

From two o'clock till daylight at Lighthouse.--_Sturnus vulgaris_, extraordinary many, 300 to 400 being caught. _Merula_, very many, _Alauda_, _Char. vanellus_ and _auratus_, also very many. Also ducks.

17th, W., fresh, overcast, cold; P.M. wind heavy.--Nothing.

18th, and 19th, W. and N.W., windy, very cold.--Nothing.

20th, W.S.W., very heavy, thick.--Nothing.

21st, N.W. to N., stormy, hail showers.--Nothing.

22d and 23d, N.E., hail, snow.--Nothing.

24th, E. by N., light, clear; in evening frost.--Nothing.

25th, E. by S., light, overcast.--Nothing.

26th, calm, overcast; in evening clear and cold, S.E., light.

_F. peregrinus_, one. _Corv. cornix_, very many. _T. merula_, less, nearly all old _Scol. rusticula_, thirty to forty shot. _Ral. aquaticus_, a couple. _Sax. ænanthe_, some [male]. _Alauda alpestris_, great flights. _Fr. cœlebs_, _cannabina_, and _chloris_, pretty many. _Anth. pratensis_ and _rupestris_, do. _Vanellus_ and _Tr. alpina_ passing on overhead early.

27th, S.S.W. violent, overcast, cold; in evening ten o'clock fog.--_F. æsalon_ [male]. _Lanius major_, one. _Corv. cornix_, early, a few great flights, very high, 1000 feet, passing on. _Turdus_, _Fringilla_, _Anthus_, stray birds. _Sax. ænanthe_, a couple old [male]. _Fr. montana_, some (the first). _Col. palumbus_, pretty many. _Vanellus_, early, pretty many. _Scolopax_, twenty to thirty been shot.

28th, N.N.W., slight; early overcast, later clear, fine.--_Corv. cornix_, single flights. _Sturnus_, some flights. _Merula_, pretty many, only half of them black. _Musicus_, some. _Alauda_, _Fringilla_, _Anthus_, few. _Alauda alpestris_, some flights. Woodcocks, 140 to 150 being shot. _Sy. rufa_, two in garden.

29th, northerly, light, clear, early hoar-frost.--_Corv. cornix_, not many. _Monedula_ and _frugilegus_, pretty numerous. _Sturnus_, small flights. _Merula_, early, pretty many. _Iliacus_, scattered. _Sy. rubecula_, a couple. _Regulus flavicapillus_, two. _Mot. alba_, several small flights and single birds. _Anth. pratensis_ and _rupestris_, pretty many. _Emb. schœniclus_ and _citrinella_. _F. cœlebs_, all very single. _Scolopax_, about twenty shot.

30th, E., S.S.E., slight, clear, fine, early, very sharp hoar-frost, in evening E.N.E., cool.--All the above, but in little numbers.

_T. viscivorus_, daily a few; never coming numerous. _Char. auratus_ and _vanellus_, as _Tot. calidris_ only singly. Ought to have been _merula_ and _scolopax_, but if hoar-frost turns up early, there is never much visible migration.

31st, S.E., quite light, clear, strong hoar-frost, during daytime warm.--Early, nothing, and during daytime almost nothing, in spite of fine weather. _C. cornix_ and _monedula_, very single small flights. No _Sturnus_, no _merula_, no Woodcocks shot. _S. titys_, one. _F. cœlebs_, _cannabina_, _chloris_, as _Anthus_ all very single.

Strange, that in forenoon, after all hoar-frost had disappeared, and it became quite warm and sunny, not a _merula_ or _scolopax_ arrived, and no Crows passed, the few flights of the latter passing surprisingly high, certainly several thousand feet, which is very uncommon, as the usual normal boundary is 500 to 600 feet. Can this give rise to the conclusion that other species whose normal route of migration lays always very high, should under the influence of hoar-frost migrate so high that they can neither be seen nor heard, which would be in the case of Crows about 10,000 feet?

In rare cases I have seen Rooks and Daws pass so high, that my attention being roused by their call, they were only visible in the shape of very fine dust.

The same also happens that under favourable atmospheric circumstances, the calls sound down clear from a height to which the sense of sight is unable to penetrate.

=April.=

1st, westerly, slight sunny; warmer. Highest cirri, N.O.--Only very little visible migration. The few flights of _Corv. cornix_ and _monedula_ extraordinary high, 3000 to 4000 feet. _Merula_, not many; more than half old [female]. _Musicus_ and _iliacus_, some. _Rubecula_, _Accentor_, _Regulus fl._, _Sax. ænanthe_ and _rubicola_, all only few. _Mot. alba_, _Anth. pratensis_ and _rupestris_, pretty many. Larks, few. _Fr. cœlebs_, _montifringilla_, _cannabina_, and _montium_, all pretty many. _Scolopax rusticula_, a couple. _Anas nigra_ [male], very many on the sea.

2d, N.N.W., light; early fog, flying clouds, W.S.W.; P.M. North overcast, cold.--Nothing during daytime. Early, from three to four o'clock, Woodcocks and Thrushes, Five to seven fog; in evening cold, clouds very slow from North. _Sy. titys_, a couple. _Merula_, very few.

3d, N.E., fresh, cold, clear; early, hasty cloud-flocks.--Nothing. _F. æsalon_ and _tinnunculus_, of each a couple. _Merula_, passing the whole day singly. _Al. alpestris_, pretty many. _Scolopax_, singly.

4th, N.E., slight, cool, clear; in evening, E. by S., cloudy.--Nothing. _Merula_, passing singly the whole day. _F. æsalon_ and _tinnunculus_, a couple. _Al. alpestris_, pretty many, flights of twenty to thirty. _Scolopax_, forty to fifty being shot.

5th, S.E., fresh, thick, cloudy; hasty clouds, low, loose; cold.--Early not a bird; during day few Starlings, Thrushes, Hedge Sparrows, and Shore Larks. Guillemots arrived by thousands in hatching places.

6th, S.E., pretty sharp, later, stiller, clear, not cold.--_F. peregrinus_, _æsalon_, and _tinnunculus_, pretty many. _Corv. cornix_, pretty many. _Monedula_, few. _T. merula_, few. _Musicus_, more. _Pilaris_, some. _Rubecula_ and _accentor_, several._Sax. ænanthe_, [female], and _Mot. alba_, pretty many. _Al. alpestris_, very many, passing on. _Fringilla_ and _Anthus_, only few. _Col. palumbus_ and _Scolopax_, not many.

7th, E., windy, overcast, cool; in evening, E. by N., rain.--_F. peregrinus_, _æsalon_, and _tinnunculus_, several. _T. musicus_, few; _torquatus_, a couple. _Anth. pratensis_, many; _rupestris_, few. _Al. arvensis_, _alpestris_, and _arborea_, small flights. _Emb. miliaria_, some. _Fr. cœlebs_, many on the move. _Col. palumbus_ and _Scolopax_, some. _Totanus glareola_, one.

8th, E. by S., fresh, overcast, clouds moving from S.E. and S.S.E. past; night cold, from 11 to 2 fog; early, at 5 o'clock, again fog.--_F. æsalon_ and _tinnunculus_, very many, passing on over the sea. _Mot. alba_ and _Emb. citrinella_, pretty many. _Miliaria_, less; almost nothing besides.

9th, E. by N., slight, weather good, clouds from S.S.E.; in evening, east wind, dark; during night rain.--_F. æsalon_ and _tinnunculus_, several. _C. cornix_ and _monedula_, pretty many early. _Turdus_, almost none. _Al. arvensis_, pretty many; _alpestris_, very many. _Sy. trochilus_, two to three. _Rubecula_, many. _Accentor_, tolerable. _Mot. alba_, many. _Anth. pratensis_ and _rupestris_, fewer. _Emb. citrinella_, many _schœniclus_, fewer. _Fr. cœlebs_, _montifringilla_, and _cannabina_, many. _Par. major_, many. _Reg. flavicapillus_ and _Sax. ænanthe_, also pretty many. _Scolopax_, only a few. _Sy. leucocyanea_, two fine old [male], one of them nearly uniform blue.

10th, easterly, light, thick, fine rain; in evening W. and W. by N., light. During the past night, from 2 o'clock, very many _Turdus_ and _Saxicola_ migrating. During the day extremely many of all the above species passing over the sea.

_F. peregrinus_, _æsalon_, and _tinnunculus_, many; _haliaëtos_, one. _Corv. cornix_ and _monedula_, pretty many. _Sturnus_, fewer. _T. musicus_, many; _merula_, fewer; _pilaris_, very many, great flights. _Sy. rubecula_, extraordinary many; not a single _Sylvia_ besides. _Accentor_, pretty many. _Sax. ænanthe_, in astonishing numbers. _Mot. alba_, _Anth. pratensis_ and _rupestris_, very many. _Al. arvensis_, very many; _alpestris_, in flights of hundreds. _Emb. citrinella_, _miliaria_, and _schœniclus_, singly. _F. cœlebs_, _montifringilla_, and _cannabina_ passing in uncountable numbers the whole day till evening. _Col. palumbus_, about ten. _Scolopax_, none. _Char. auratus_, _vanellus_, and _hiaticula_, as _Tringa_ and _Totanus_, very many migrating.

11th, easterly, light, dull, very fine drizzly rain.--During the past night, from 2 o'clock, extensive migration of Thrushes, Wheatears, and all sorts of Longshanks; particularly uncountable numbers of Pewits. _F. tinnunculus_, several. _Strix otus_, one in the garden. _Turd. merula_, pretty many, almost all [female]; _musicus_ and _pilaris_, also many. _Rubecula_, very many; not a warbler. _Accentor_, few. _Mot. alba_, many; _lugubris_, one. _Anth. pratensis_ and _rupestris_, many. _Emb. citrinella_ and _miliaria_, many; _schœniclus_, fewer. _Scol. rusticula_, only a few. _Gallinago_, early, extraordinary many. Early in the morning Pewits, Plover, and _hiaticula_, extraordinarily numerous.

12th, S.E., light, dull, overcast.--_F. tinnunculus_, _C. cornix_, _Mot. alba_, only singly. _Al. alpestris_, pretty many. Altogether little migration.

13th, N. by E., slight, clear; P.M., wind somewhat fresher, cool.--_F. æsalon_, _tinnunculus_, and _nisus_, as _C. cornix_, all pretty many. _Turdus_, stray birds. _Sylvia_ and Wheatears, almost none. _Sy. titys_, one [male]. _Motacilla_, _Anthus_, and _Accentor_, only few. _Al. alpestris_, many great flights. _Fringilla_, pretty many, especially _cannabina_. _Columba_ and _Scolopax_, a few. _Lar. glacialis_, one young bird in summer plumage shot.

14th, northerly, quite light, clear, air cool; in evening overcast.--Very slight migration. Several little Falcons, _æsalon_, now, females and young. _Corv. cornix_ and _monedula_, early some. _Turdus_, almost none. _Sylvia_, none at all. _Fringilla_, very few; one _linaria_. _Mot. flava_, some, the first. _Anth. pratensis_ and _rupestris_, pretty many. _Alauda alpestris_, pretty many. _Char. auratus_, one fine old bird, in summer plumage. No Pigeons; no Woodcocks.

15th, S.E., almost calm during night and early morning, very fine rain, cool.--Very little migration; a few little Falcon; early a few flights of Crows. _T. torquatus_, _merula_, _musicus_, _pilaris_, all singly. _Sy. rubecula_, _rufa_, and _Accentor_, only very singly. _Al. alpestris_, very many. _Fringilla_, singly. _Col. palumbus_, some. Woodcocks, three shot.

16th, E., early slight; in evening, fresh, clear, wind cool.--Very little migration, as previous day. _Sylvia trochilus_, some. _Mot. flava_, several _Anth. arborea_, one. _Hir. rustica_, one. _Fr. coccothraustes_, a couple.

17th, E. and N.E., very fresh, clear, wind cool--Extremely little migration. _F. peregrinus_, one fine old bird. Little Falcons and _F. nisus_, pretty many; _æsalon_, only females and young males. _T. musicus_, few; _merula_, old [male], but only with half a tail. _Sy. leucocyanea_, one [male]; _trochilus_ and _rubecula_, a few. _Accentor_, few. _Fringilla_, very few; _coccothraustes_, one.

18th, E. by N., fresh, clear, a little warmer.--Very little migration. _Mot. flava_, _Hir. rustica_, _Anth. arborea_, some. _F. coccothraustes_, one in garden; everything besides very singly. Still too cold.

19th, E. by S., S.S.E., slight, quite clear, warm.--_F. æsalon_ and _tinnunculus_, pretty many, all [female]. _Corv. cornix_, extraordinary many; even late in afternoon passing on overhead till 6 o'clock, which is the greatest exception, as the normal migration ceases by 2 o'clock in the afternoon. _T. musicus_, pretty many; _merula_, still pretty many, females; _pilaris_, many; viscivorus, singly. _Sylvia_, stray birds. _Regulus_, _Accentor_, ditto. _Saxicola_, tolerable, females. _Al. arvensis_, some; _alpestris_, pretty many. _Hir. rustica_, a few. _Cic. alba_, one. _Scolopax_, five to six being shot. _Rallus_, some. _Numenius_ and _Totanus_, a few.

20th, S.W., little wind, clear, bank to northward, W. and N.W., freshing up; in evening, light.--_F. æsalon_ and _tinnunculus_, females, a few; _Buteo_, one; _Corvus_, stray birds. _T. musicus_, early, pretty many; _torquatus_ and _merula_, females, singly. _Sylvia_, almost none; a few _trochilus_ and _rubecula_. Anth. pratensis, few; _arborea_, a couple. _Fringilla_, few; two _coccothraustes_; just before evening, a large flight of _montifringilla_, about 100 to 150. _Al. alpestris_, few small flights. _Hir. rustica_, ten to twenty. _Col. palumbus_, early many. _Scolopax_, few. _Char. auratus_, one fine old bird.

21st, W.N.W. and N.W.--During past night extensive migration of all Longshanks; as small birds, commencing already at 10 P.M. on 20th.

During the day all those of yesterday, but only very singly.

22d, S.W., light, slightly cloudy, the first warm day.--Again little migration; everything there, but singly. No Bluethroats; no _Sylviæ_, _curruca_, _phœnicurus_. One _Mot. flava_ and one _Raii_, _Anth. arborea_, _Hir. rustica_, of each a small party of about fifteen to twenty. _Al. alpestris_ still up to 100 during the day.

23d, S.W., light, overcast; in night, very fine rain.--_F. æsalon_ and _tinnunculus_, females, some. _C. cornix_, a small flight. _Sturnus_, still only few. _Sy. luscinia_, one; _trochilus_, some; _phœnicurus_, ditto. _Mot. flava_, few. _Raii_, one. _Anth. arborea_, some. _Sax. ænanthe_, stray birds; _rubetra_, one; altogether very little. A few small _Totanus_.

24th, W., S., E.S.E., quite light, warm, slightly cloudy.--Early not a bird; later in day the above, but very singly. Sixty to eighty pilaris.

25th, early, S.S.E.; A.M., S.S.W., fresh, overcast; P.M. and evening, quite light, S.E., warm.--_Emb. hortulana_, _Jynx torquilla_, and _Up. epops_, the first ones. _F. æsalon_, _tinnunculus_, and nisus, few females. _T. musicus_, _torquatus_, and _pilaris_, not many. _Anth. arborea_, some; _pratensis_, more, but not many. _Sax. rubetra_, pretty many. _Sy. rubecula_ and _trochilus_, pretty many; no _suecica_ nor _curruca_. _Mot. flava_, tolerable. _Al. alpestris_, few, small flights. _F. cœlebs_, _montifringilla_, and _cannabina_, scattered. _Tot. ochropus_, some, _Num. arquata_, still a few flights. _Ard. cinerea_, a couple.

26th, S.S.W., slight, thick, overcast, but will not rain; in evening, E.S.E.--_Mus. luctuosa_, a fine old male in garden. _Sy. cinerea_, _curruca_, _phragmitis_, and _locustella_, the first ones.

_F. æsalon_, _tinnunculus_, and _nisus_, females, scattered. _T. musicus_ and _torquatus_, pretty many. _Sy. rubecula_ and _trochilus_, tolerable; _phœnicurus_, less; no _suecica_. _Anth. arborea_, _Sax. ænanthe_ and _rubetra_., not many. _Mot. flava_, tolerable; _alba_, still some. _Al. arvensis_, a small flight; _alpestris_, few. _Fringillæ_, scattered. _Up. epops_, _I. torquilla_, some. _Crex pratensis_, several. _Scol. gallinula_, some. _Char. auratus_, fine old birds. _Morinellus_, some.

27th, S.E., fresh, thick, overcast, clouds moving from S.S.W.; all evening, E. and E. by N.; fog and rain all night.--Early, at 5 o'clock, many _T. musicus_; at 8 o'clock everything gone. _Hir. urbica_, _riparia_, _cypselus_, some of each, the first ones. _Trochilus_, _rubecula_, _cinerea_, _flava_, _rubetra_--_M. luctuosa_, _Fringilla_, all very single in course of day; no _suecica_.

28th, N.N.W., slight, fog, above sunny.--Nothing. _Caprimulgus_, one, the first. _Hortulana_, some.

29th, E., slight, early at 5 o'clock fog, later clear.--Almost nothing. Seasonable birds scattered.

30th, E. by N. and E., fresh, thick, overcast, cold.--Very little. _Torquatus_ and _musicus_, some. _Pilaris_, several great flights. _Sy. curruca_, several; other _Sylviæ_, few. _Suecica_, still not yet. _Mot. flava_, tolerable. _Lugubris_, one. _M. luctuosa_, some _Anth. arborea_ and _Emb. hortulana_, of each about twenty to thirty. _Fringilla montana_, scattered since middle of month.

=May.=

1st, S.E., very fresh, cloudy, hasty loose clouds, cold; noon, clear, warm; in evening, fine, damp.--Early, almost nothing. Noon and later, strong migration. _F. tinnunculus_ and _æsalon_, female. _Turdus_, few. _Sy. curruca_ and _cinerea_, many. _Trochilus_, few. _Phœnicurus_, fine old male. _Suecica_, none at all. _M. luctuosa_, pretty many, fine old males. _Sax. ænanthe_, female; and _rubetra_, many. _Mot. flava_, in afternoon extremely many. _Anth. arborea_ and _Emb. hortulana_, many. _Fringilla_, stray birds. _Tot. ochropus_ and _glareola_, several. _Glottis_, one. No Swallows.

2d, S.E., light, warm, thick fine rain; in evening, E, fresh, cooler.--_F. æsalon_, _tinnunculus_, and _nisus_, _Buteo_, and _haliaëtos_; _Strix brachyotus_, pretty many. _Lan. collurio_, some [male]. _T. torquatus_, extremely many. _Musicus_, also many. _Pilaris_, very great flights. _Sy. cinerea_, _curruca_, _atricapilla_, _phœnicurus_, [male], all pretty many. _Trochilus_, only few. _Sibilatrix_, one. _Suecica_, some males. _M. luctuosa_. _Sax. ænanthe_ and _rubetra_, many. _Mot. flava_, many. _Anth. arborea_, extremely many; _pratensis_, fewer. _Campestris_, one. _Emb. hortulana_, extremely many. _Schœniclus_, some. _Fringilla_, but few. _Scol. gallinago_, few. _Gallinula_, many. _Char. morinellus_, several. _Auratus_, just ten. _Tot. glottis_, _glareola_, and _ochropus_, great contingent. _Tr. pugnax_, several. _Cic, alba_, one.

3d, E., violent, rain, cold.--_F. æsalon_ and _tinnunculus_, many. _Peregrinus_, one. _Haliaëtos_, one. _Strix brachyotus_, some. _Turd, torquatus_ and _musicus_, tolerable. _Sylviæ_, few. _Anthus_, few. Campestris, one. _Emb. hortulana_ and _Alauda alpestris_, some. _Totanus_, _Charadrius_, _Numenius_, singly. Altogether slight migration, too cold and too windy.

4th, S.E., E., middling, dull, overcast; P.M., sun visible.--_F. peregrinus_ and _subbuteo_, males; _æsalon_ and _tinnunculus_, few. _Haliaëtos_, one. _T. torquatus_, early, very many. _Musicus_, fewer. _Sy. rubecula_, _curruca_, _cinerea_, _atricapilla_, _trochilus_, all, not many. _Suecica_, some males. _Mot. flava_ and _Anthus_, few. _Hirundo_ and _I. torquilla_, some. _Sterna cantiaca_, high overhead, with plenty noise, chasing by couples.

5th, N.W., fresh, thick, cold, in night, N., fog; noon, sunny; in evening, W., clear.--_F. peregrinus_, _subbuteo_, _æsalon_, _tinnunculus_, the latter few. _T. torquatus_ and _musicus_, few. _Pilaris_, more. _Sylviæ_, altogether few. _Rubecula_, still many during the season. _Curruca_, _cinerea_, _atricapilla_, and _trochilus_, few. _Nisoria_, some fine males. _Phœnicurus_, still pretty many. _M. luctuosa_. many old males. _Sax. ænanthe_, still many. _Rubetra_, very many. _Mot. flava_, pretty many. _Anth. arborea_ and many. _Al. alpestris_, a flight of fifty and one of seven. _Emb. hortulana_, many. _Fringilla_, few. _Coccothraustes_, one, female. _I. torquilla_, some. _Cuc. canorus_, a fine male. _Char. morinellus_ and _auratus_, some. Sy. philomela, one caught at lighthouse, the first since about fifty years.

6th, W., fresh, cirri, and low light clouds, W., sunny.--_F. æsalon_, _tinnunculus_, and _nisus_, the latter few. _C. cornix_ and _monedula_, a flight. _Sylviæ_, _Anthus_, _Motacilla_, all but singly. _Al. alpestris_, a flight of twenty. _Fringillæ_, scattered.

7th, early, and forenoon calm, sunny; P.M., thick, suddenly fresh, N.W. rain.--Very slight migration of season suiting species. _Mot. flava_ and _Anth. pratensis_, pretty many; both species very often turn up with much wind, especially in autumn. _Al. alpestris_, still in flights of ten to fifteen.

8th, N.W., fresh, cold, early hail.--Nothing. _Num. phæopus_, the first ones.

9th, S.W., moderate, early rain, hail, thunder, later on clear.--Nothing.

10th, W., windy; in evening, very violent, thunder, lightning, very cold.--Nothing.

11th, N.W. and N.N.W., stormy, early rain and hail squalls.--Nothing.

12th, N.W. and N.N.W., somewhat less wind, hail showers in great intervals.--Nothing.

13th, N.N.W., clouds from N., better, but yet cold.--Nothing. Stray _torquatus_ and _musicus_; some _Sylviæ_. _Mot. flava_, a couple of hundred. _A. pratensis_, pretty many.

14th, N. light, warmer, clear.--_F. tinnunculus_ and _nisus_, a few. _T. torquatus_ and _musicus_, very single. _Sy. phœnicurus_ and _trochilus_, very singly. _Nisoria_, one. _Mus. luctuosa_, some. _Mot. flava_ and _Anth. pratensis_, pretty many. _Al. alpestris_, ten to twenty. _Hir. rustica_, some. _Urbica_, few.

15th, N., light, early light rain showers, cold.--Nothing at all.

16th, S.S.W., fresh, clear; P.M., a rain shower with hail; evening, clear, light.--A few little Falcons. Early some _torquatus_ and _musicus_. _Sy. phœnicurus_, half of them female. _Suecica_ and _curruca_, some. _Cinerea_, many. _Trochilus_, pretty many. _Phragmitis_, several. _Mus. luctuosa_, pretty many, half female. _Sax. rubetra_, ditto. _Mot. flava_, many. _Anth. arborea_, and _Emb. hortulana_, fewer. _Hir. rustica_ and _urbica_. _Ch. morinellus_, some. Starlings commenced building nest in hatch-box early to-day.

17th, W., fresh, cloudy; P.M., S.W.--Little migration. _Sy. phœnicurus_, _trochilus_, and _cinerea_, as _Mus. luctuosa_ and _Sax. rubetra_, some. Swallows, but few.

18th, S.W., slight, light cloudy, fine in evening, easterly light, warmer.--Very little migration early. _Turdus_, very single. _Sy. suecica_, a couple. _Phœnicurus_, _trochilus_, _cinerea_, _atricapilla_, tolerable. _Hortensis_ appears. _Mot. flava_, many. _Melanocephala_, some. _Sax. ænanthe_, tolerable. _Rubetra_, many. _Char. squatarola_, a very fine male. _Morinellus_, a few.

_F. tinnunculus_ and nisus, a few shabby females. _Subbuteo_, a fine male.

19th, S.S.W., slight, light cloudy.--All the above, but altogether only slight migration.

20th, S.S.W., light, light clouds; P.M. and evening, S.S.E. to S.E. fresh, cool.--In trifling numbers. _T. musicus_ and _torquatus_, _Sy. trochilus_, _phœnicurus_, _cinerea_, _hortensis_, _atricapilla_, and _phragmitis_. _Sax. ænanthe_ and _rubetra_. _Mot. flava_, and some _melanocephala_; _Anth. pratensis_, and few _arborea_. _Hir. riparia_, some. _Col. turtur_, two to three. _Char. squatarola_, three. _Tot. glottis_, one.

21st, S.E., violent, overcast; A.M., stiller, S. rain; in evening, light.--_T. torquatus_, few. _Sy. cinerea_, _hortensis_, and _atricapilla_, tolerable. _Nisoria_, two to three. _Mus. luctuosa_, few males, the most females. _Grisola_, one in the garden. _Sax. ænanthe_, yet pretty many. Rubetra, many. _Mot. flava_, many females. _Melanocephala_, some. _Anth. arborea_ and _Emb. hortulana_, few. _Cypselus apus_, pretty many, passing on overhead. _Riparia_, pretty many. _Char. morinellus_, ten to fifteen. _Tot. glottis_ and smaller _Totani_, pretty many.

22d, S.E. and S. fresh, sunny, fine; in evening, violent, rain.--All the above, but not numerous. Some _Sy. suecica_ and _Sy. hypolais_.

23d, S.W., very violent, rain; P.M., clear, lighter; in evening cool.--The above, but very singly. _Lan. collurio_, five to six, one female. _Char. morinellus_, a few females. The females of the latter known as being finest black, white, and rust-red coloured.

24th, westerly, slight, early thunderstorm, rain.--Almost nothing. Thunderstorm, as fog and hoar-frost, put a stop on almost all migration.

25th, W. and N.W., light, rain, during day fine, but thunderstorm clouds.--Everything, but quite scattered. A few _Sylviæ_, etc. _Col. turtur_, a couple.

26th, southerly, still; in night, rain, early clear; P.M., violent, highest cirri, and lower light clouds from N.W.; in evening, cloudy from S.W.--Early, much singing of Warblers, _trochilus_, _curruca_, _cinerea_, etc., in the gardens. In course of the day, but only scattered. _Sylviæ_ and _Mus. luctuosa_, and a couple of _grisola_. During the night at about 2 and later, temporary fog.

27th, light, W. and S.W., cirri N.W.; early light fog, later thick; evening, clear.--_Curruca_, Redstarts, and Warblers as Chats, all tolerable, but not many; also _Mus. luctuosa_, young male and female. _Mot. flava_, _Anth. arborea_, and _Emb. hortulana_, pretty many. _Col. turtur_ and _Crex pratensis_, some.

28th, southerly, light, fine, clear, highest little clouds, and cirri from W. and W. by N., warm; P.M. and in evening S.S.E., clouds from W.--Early, very many _curruca_, _cinerea_, _hortensis_. _atricapilla_, and _trochilus_ singing by hundreds in the gardens. Later on _Lanius major_, one male. _Mus. grisola_, many. _Luctuosa_, the same, the latter mostly females. _Mot. flava_, few females. _Anth. arborea_, many. _Emb. hortulana_, but single. _Cypselus_, pretty many. _Hir. rustica_ and _urbica_, the same. _Caprimulgus_, a couple. _Col. turtur_, strikingly many, ten to fifteen being shot.

29th, S.S.E. and S., light, clouds from W.; noon, wind suddenly N.W., violent, clear, thunderstorm clouds from S. by W.--All those as yesterday, but much fewer. _Falco subbuteo_, male. _Tinnunculus_, female. 31. _grisola_, many. _Luctuosa_, fewer, most female. Hir. rustica, urbica, and riparia, as _Cypselus_, pretty many. _Cuc. canorus_, one. _Col. turtur_, very many; these latter do not mind violent wind.

30th, S.W. fresh, clear, cirri W. and W. by N.--Early, nothing at all. The whole day nothing.

31st, S.W., violent, thick low speedy rain clouds; in evening, N.W., cold.--Of course not a single bird.

=June.=

1st and 2d, N.W., fresh, very cold.--Nothing.

3d and 4th, S.S.W., lighter; in evening, 4° calm, very warm, clear.--Few. _Sy. hypolais_, one. _Mus. grisola_, pretty many. _Col. turtur_, very many, up to forty.

5th, S.S.W., light, clear, hot, every day outermost cirri, N.W., 26° C.--Seen, a great Grey Shrike, uniform coloured ash grey, band through eye scarcely marked. _Mus. grisola_, _Hir. rustica_ and _riparia_, scattered. _Col. turtur_, many. _Pyrrhula rosea?_ yellowish-green, white band on wings, larger than _P. erythrinus_, not obtained.

6th, S.S.W., clear, fine; P.M., N. and N. by E., overcast; in evening, cool.--_Mus. grisola_, singly; _Hirundo_, some. _Col. turtur_, several.

7th, E. by N. slight, early overcast; P.M., thunderstorm, rain, W.; in night fog.--Nothing. _Sy. cinerea_ and _Mus. grisola_, quite few.

8th, fog, calm.--Nothing.

9th and 10th, N.W., violent, cold.--Nothing.

11th, N., less wind, a little warmer.--Nothing.

12th, W. slight, overcast; later on, clear from north. Cirri from N. and N. by E.--_Hir. rustica_, some. _Ch. auratus_, one in fine summer plumage.

13th, early, quite calm, clear, later S.W. and S.S.W., warm, fine; in evening, N.W. slight.--_Mus. grisola_, some. _Hir. rustica_, _urbica_, and _Cypselus_, ditto. _Caprimulgus_, one. _Col. turtur_, some.

14th, E., light, clear, warm, clouds from N.E.; in evening, fresh.--_Lan. minor_, two, very rare appearance here. _Hir. urbica_, some. _Cypselus_, many hundreds.

15th, E. by N., slight, clear, warm; P.M., N.E., fresh.--Early, many _Cypselus_, almost nothing besides. _Mus. grisola_. _Sax. rubetra_, and _Fr. montifringilla_, very single.

16th, N., fresh, clear, very cold, high clouds from W., low loose ditto from East.--Nothing.

17th, E.N.E., fresh; cirri from S.W.; low loose clouds from N.E., cold; about dusk, thick with rain from S.W., but wind E. by N.--Nothing.

18th, E. by N., slight; in evening N., windy, cold, clouds moving from N.W.--Nothing.

19th, N.W. to S.W., overcast, cool; P.M., thick with rain.--Nothing.

20th, 21st, and 22d, N.W., windy, cold.--_F. linaria_, one. _Hir. urbica_, four to five.

24th and 25th, S.E., clear, hot.--During the last days _Num. phæopus_ returning.

26th, N., early cold.--Also _Hir. urbica_ and _Cypselus_ overhead, but

27th, N. by W., warmer.--Can scarcely be birds that have done hatching. Young Starlings in hatch-box flew out on 26th.

28th, S.E., slight, cloudy; in evening, E.--_Fr. rufescens_, one young male, very faded, a slight rosy hue.

29th, E.S.E., clear, hot.--_Hirundo_ and _Cypselus_, many. _phæopus_, returning.

=July.=

1st and 2d, E. by N., and N.E. and N., clear, fine, wind very cool, cirri from S.--_Hir. rustica_, several.

Until 6th, northerly to E.N.E., clear, during day hot, great dryness.--_Cypselus_, daily, pretty many, returning ones (?). _Numenius_ and _Char. hiaticula_, returning.

Until 9th, N.E. and E.N.E., clear, dry.--_Sturnus_, young birds, daily flights of twenty to fifty.

10th, easterly, clear, hot, dry.--_Sax. ænanthe_, one young, quite motley bird. _Sax. rubetra_, ten to twenty young birds. _Numenius_, _Char. hiaticula_, _Tot. glottis_, young birds.

11th, southerly, clear, hot, dry; in evening, thunderstorm clouds, slight fine rain.--_Sturnus_, flights of twenty to fifty young birds.

12th, N., clouds from S.W., cold, dry.--Nothing.

13th, E.N.E., clouds from S.W., cirri W., cool.--Nothing.

14th, E.N.E., clear, hot; in evening, cool, clouds and cirri from S.W.--_Sy. trochilus_ and _titys_, some young birds. _Sax. ænanthe_, some young birds. _Vanellus_, _Numenius_, _Tot. calidris_, _glottis_, _Ch. hiaticula_, numerous, all young birds.

Up to 20th, westerly, changeable, very trifling rain.--Nothing.

21st, N., fresh.--_Vanellus_, young ones, hundreds.

Until end of the month, northerly winds, almost always violent and cold, with low loose hasty clouds. Migration trifling, almost only Longshanks. The last week _Tot. hypoleucus_, _Hæ. ostralegus_, _vanellus_, pretty many. _Sax. ænanthe_, scattered; all the named being young birds. No _Sylviæ_.

=August.=

1st, N., in evening N.W. and W.N.W., thick, cloudy.--_Sax. ænanthe_, ten to twenty young. _Vanellus_, _Tot. hypoleucus_, _calidris_, and _glottis_; _Numenius_, all but stray birds and young ones.

Up to 5th, N.E. and N.; in evening, light, S.E., quite calm, fine rain.--On the 5th, from 10 o'clock in the evening, very strong migration of _Tringæ_ and _Totanus_ of all species, as _Ch. hiaticula_ and _Num. phœopus_ during the day. _Sax. ænanthe_ and _Sy. trochilus_, young ones.

6th, easterly, light, clouds from south; in evening, N.E.--_Trochilus_, as all the above Longshanks. _Char. auratus_, young ones appear.

7th, W., light, clouds south; night and early morning, heavy rain; P.M., clear, warm, fine.--_Mus. grisola_, _Sy. trochilus_, and _phragmitis_, few. _Sax. ænanthe_, young, pretty many; _rubetra_, fewer. _Upupa_, one. _Cuculus_, some young ones. _Charadrius_, _Totanus_, _Tringa_, etc., etc.

8th, westerly, light, rain; later on, clear; in evening, slight E.--Single _ænanthe_, _trochilus_, and _Ch. auratus_, jr.

9th, N.W., windy; P.M., stiller, fine.--Nothing besides few Wheatears.

10th, south, fresh, clear, warm, fine.--Several _trochilus_ and _phragmitis_; _ænanthe_, not many. Longshanks, pretty many.

11th, 12th, 13th, W.N.W. and N.N.W., stormy, with rain squalls. 14th, somewhat better--All the time no birds.

Up to 18th, W.N.W. and N.N.W., violent to stormy.--Almost no migration at all. _Sy. trochilus_ and _Sax. ænanthe_, very few.

19th, N. by E., at intervals still, and rain squalls; in evening, N.E., clear, cold.--_F. nisus_, jr., several. _Sy. phœnicurus_ and _trochilus_, several; _cinerea_, many; _hypolais_, several, appears always, but singly. _Mus. luctuosa_, pretty many, jr. _Sax. ænanthe_ and _rubetra_, many. _Mot. flava_, scattered. _Anth. arboreus_, several. _Emb. hortulana_, one. _Cuc. canorus_, several young. _Char. auratus_ and _hiaticula_, _Tr. alpina_ and _minuta_, _Tot. glottis_, three shot, all young birds.

20th, early, E., fresh; noon, S.E., clouds and cirri the same, cold.--All the above, but only few. _Cypselus_, jr., several.

21st.--Nothing considerable.

22d, early, E., light; later, westerly to north, slight.--_F. peregrinus_, _nisus_, jr., several; _milvus_, one. _Mus. grisola_, many; _luctuosa_, very many; all young birds. _Sy. phœnicurus_, _cinerea_, and _trochilus_, many; _hortensis_ and _curruca_, fewer; _hypolais_, some--all young. _Sax. ænanthe_ and _rubetra_, very many. _Mot. flava_, many. _Anth. arboreus_ and _Emb. hortulana_, pretty many. _I. torquilla_, very many. _Cuculus_, several. _Alcedo ispida_, two shot. _Crex porzana_, some. _Ch. auratus_, _morinellus_, and _hiaticula_, many. _Numenius_, _Totanus_, _Tringa_, and relative species, all very numerous. All the named, without an exception, young birds.

Freshly pulled out tail-feathers of _Musc. parva_ been found.

23d, N.E. and E.N.E., fresh.--All those mentioned on previous days again in great numbers. _Sax. ænanthe_, jr., very particularly numerous.

24th, N., fresh,--_Sax. ænanthe_, jr., again very many; but besides those, less migration.

25th, N.W., fresh.--Ditto, ditto, ditto.

26th, N.N.W., light, overcast, cool; noon, warmer; in evening, calm, E. (?).--The above, but only scattered during the early hours. At noon, pretty many _Sylviæ_, _Anth. arboreus_, and _Emb. hortulana_. _Caprimulgus_, some. _Picus major_, a couple. _F. haliaëtos_, two been shot. All young birds.

27th, early, calm, then light E.N.E.; in evening, cold.--_Turd. musicus_, scattered. _Al. arvensis_, some. _Mus. grisola_ and _luctuosa_, pretty many. _Sylviæ_, less. _Saxicola_, pretty many. _Anth. arboreus_ and _Emb. hortulana_, some. All young.

28th, S.E. by E., fresh, clouds from N.W.--_Sylviæ_ and _musicapa_, but very scattered. _Saxicola_, pretty many. _Anth. arborea_ and _Emb. hortulana_, singly. _Ch. auratus_, few.

29th, S.E. and E., light, clear, warm.--_Mus. grisola_, pretty many; _luctuosa_, fewer. _Sylviæ_, few. _Saxicola_, pretty many. _Mot. flava_, some. _Par. cæruleus_, some. _Ard. cinerea_, a couple. _Char. auratus_, _hiaticula_, _Tringæ_, _Tot. glottis_ and _calidris_; _Tringæ_, daily more or less. _Num. phœopus_ passing. _F. nisus_, daily some.

30th, early, E.N.E., clear, fine, thick clouds northerly; noon, N., clear, cold.--Very slight migration of _Sylviæ_, _Mus. grisola_, _Saxicola_, and _Emb. hortulana_. Early a few flights of _Num. arquata_ passing.

31st, N.W. and W., fresh, cloudy, cold; in evening, rain.--Almost nothing at all.

_Note._--Until end of the month all the mentioned species, almost without an exception, young autumnal birds.

=September.=

1st, N. by W., fresh, cool.--Very little migration. _Sax. ænanthe_, jr., pretty many. _M. grisola_, many in the gardens; _luctuosa_, few. _Sylviæ_, single. _E. hortulana_, scattered. _Anth. pratensis_, some, the first.

2nd, westerly, light, clear, warm, in evening, east.--_Mus. grisola_ and _luctuosa_, many in the garden. _Sy. phœnicurus_, and _trochilus_, pretty many. _Sy. suecica_, some, the first. _Sax. ænanthe_ and _rubetra_, many, young. _Anth. arboreus_, few. _Emb. hortulana_, pretty many. _Hir. rustica_, _urbica_, and _riparia_, tolerable.

3d, S.E. and S.S.E., violent, clouds from W.; in evening, rain, light.--The above, but fewer than previous day. _F. nisus_, some. _Char. auratus_, several.

4th, S.S.W., light, early, dull, then fog; in evening, E.N.E., rain torrents, violent N.E.--_Pyrrhula erythrinus_, one young bird. _Anth. campestris_, one. _Sy. suecica_, _phœnicurus_, and _trochilus_, _Mus. grisola_ and _luctuosa_, _Sax. ænanthe_ and _rubetra_--of all but few. _Emb. hortulana_, single. _Mot. flava_, a flight of at least 100. _M. alba_.

5th, S.W. and W., rain squalls, windy; in evening and night, lightning.--Nothing.

6th, S.W., fresh, clouds westerly; in evening, clear, light.--Nothing.

7th, light, clear, S.S.W., high clouds west, lower clouds south; P.M., S.E.; in evening, rain.--Very few _Sylviæ_. Wheatears and Chats, as _M. flava_; also some _suecica_; and about evening, some _F. nisus_.

At Cuxhaven and Bremen, fog.

8th, S.E. and S., light; early, rain; noon, clear, S.S.W.--_F. nisus_, jr., some. _Mus. luctuosa_, many. _Sy. phœnicurus_, _suecica_, _hortensis_, and _trochilus_, many. _Sax. ænanthe_ and _rubetra_, pretty many. _Mot. flava_, very many; _alba_, some. _Anth. arboreus_, tolerable; _Richardi_, one. _Emb. hortulana_, many, all young. _I. torquilla_, some. _Up. epops_, one; appears scarcely ever in autumn here. _Hir. rustica_ and _urbica_, as _Cypselus_, many. _Picus major_, one.

9th, S.W., windy, rain, low clouds, W. high clouds; in evening, N.W., violent squalls.--_Mus. luctuosa_, _Sy. phœnicurus_ and _trochilus_, pretty many, in spite of the south-west wind and rain. In night, stormy--thunder, lightning, rain, and hail.

10th, W. by N. and N.W., stormy, rain squalls; in evening, light.--_Luctuosa_, _phœnicurus_, _trochilus_, pretty many in garden, under shelter of shrubs.

11th, S., lighter, overcast; noon, S.E.; P.M., rain.--The above, but not many. _Sy. suecica_, pretty many. _Emb. hortulana_, the first old birds. _I. torquilla_; _Hir. rustica_, _urbica_, and _Cypselus_; _Mot. flava_; _Scol. gallinula_.

12th, early, N. by E., fine, clouds N.W.; noon, wind W., clear; in evening, S.W., violent, rain; midnight, storm, No. 9.--The above, but few. _Char. auratus_ and _Tot. calidris_, some.

13th, W., stormy, clear.--Nothing.

14th, W., moderate, clouds S.W., cirri N.W.--_Hum. arquata_, almost nothing besides; _Anth. rupestris_, the first.

15th, S.W., rain; noon, sunny; in evening, lightning, with clear sky.--Forenoon, nothing. Afternoon, _Sax. ænanthe_ and _Sy. trochilus_, single.

16th, S.W., fresh; early, rain; noon, sun visible.--Nothing during day. In evening, from 10 o'clock, migration of _Charadrius_, _Numenius_, and _Tot. calidris_; also many _Saxicola_, two score being caught at lighthouse.

17th, early, calm, clouds, S.W., thick rain; 8.30, easterly; 11 o'clock, thunderstorm, with torrents of rain; P.M., E.N.E., violent.--_Sylviæ_, but many scattered. _M. luctuosa_, tolerable. _M. flava_, many. _Emb. hortulana_, very many. _Sy. rubecula_, some. _Al. arvensis_, some. The first old Starlings and first old Wheatears. _Crex pratensis_, _Char. auratus_ and _vanellus_, several.

18th, E. by N., moderate, overcast; in evening, N., fine, cold.--During the past night, much migration. All Longshanks suiting the season numerous. _Turdus torquatus_, _Sy. phœnicurus_, _Mus. luctuosa_, and _Sax. ænanthe_, many at lighthouse. Early, very many. _Char. auratus_ and _Col. palumbus_. _Turd. torquatus_, many; _musicus_, fewer. _Sy. phœnicurus_, _suecica_, _cinerea_, _trochilus_, _rubecula_; very many. _Mus. luctuosa_, ditto. _Anth. rupestris_, very many; _pratensis_, fewer. _Emb. hortulana_, very many. _Crex pratensis_; _Scol, major_, _gallinago_, and _gallinula_, both the latter numerous; the first appears here always, but very single. _F. æsalon_ and _nisus_, some young. Altogether, very strong migration.

19th, early calm, clear, light clouds W., vapour S.S.W.; in evening wind S.W., fresh, thick, overcast.--_F. peregrinus_, one; _nisus_, some. _Sturnus_, some flights of fifteen to twenty. _Turd. musicus_ and _torquatus_, _Num. luctuosa_, _Sy. phœnicurus_, _suecica_, _rubecula_, _cinerea_, and _trochilus_, all pretty many. _Anth. arboreus_, some; _rupestris_ and _pratensis_, many. _Sax. ænanthe_, many; _rubetra_, fewer. _Emb. hortulana_, not many. _C. pratensis_, _Scol. gallinago_, _gallinula_, and _Col. palumbus_, scattered.

20th, early, light W. clouds, W. cirri; N. and N. by E. in evening, wind fresh. Nothing.--_Sax. ænanthe_, early, from 8th to 9th very many arrived, but besides these, all the species suiting the season, but singly.

21st, S.W., violent, thick, rain; noon clear, N.W.; in evening N.N.W., cold.--Nothing. Very few _ænanthe_.

22d, N.W., fresh, cloudy; P.M., W., clear.--Nothing.

23d, W. to N.W., fresh, overcast.--Nothing. _Char. auratus_, pretty many. One Bat.

24th, northerly, light, cirri violent from W.; P.M., N.W. Early not a bird; later on some. _M. luctuosa_ and _Char. auratus_. Winter Sparrows arrived.

25th, westerly, light, heavy cumuli, showers of rain with hail; in evening light northerly.--_F. æsalon_ and _nisus_, some. _Sturnus_, many. _T. musicus_, pretty many. _Sy. rubecula_, very numerous; _phœnicurus_, many; _cinerea_ and _curruca_, fewer; _trochilus_, many; _rufa_, fewer. _Anth. arboreus_, few; _pratensis_ and _rupestris_, many. _Sax. ænanthe_ and _rubetra_, many. _Mot. flava_, many; _alba_, fewer. _Al. arvensis_, some; _arborea_, a couple, _Emb. schœniclus_, very many; _hortulana_, fewer; _nivalis_, some. _Fr. cœlebs_ and _montifringilla_, some. _Col. palumbus_, several. _Scol. gallinula_ and _gallinago_, scattered. In afternoon a flight of _Corv. cornix_ of several hundreds.

_Note._--It is striking that with such monstrous heavy cumuli, that have the appearance of storm-clouds, so much migration takes place. There must be better weather at hand.