Chapter XXXI: Appendix: C (2)

FA HIAN, his visit to Sanchi, 492.
Faidherbe, General, his remarks on tombs in Roknia, 396.
Family sepulchres marked by megalithic monuments, 15.
Faussett, Mr. Godfrey, his happy reference to Beowulf, 120.
Féraud, M., his researches in Algeria, 395;
his opinion as to building-race, 403;
respecting find at Djideli, 404.
Ferguson, Mr., drawings by, of sepulchres at Dol ar Marchant, 362.
Fiddes Hill circle, 263-5.
Fin, his conflict with Hengist, 120.
Finds: altar stone, 104;
armour, 79, 104;
amber beads, 218;
amulet of
iron, 14;
arrow-head, flint, 11, 12;
ditto, iron, 104-6, 337;
awl, 13;
axe-stone, 165;
ball syenite, 217;
batter dishes, 104;
battle-axe, 156;
basaltic celt, 11;
and hammer head, 12;
beads of glass, 13, 218, 359;
and of amber, 218;
bird of bone, 527;
bluestone, chippings of, 103;
bones, 74, 526;
burnt, 13, 142, 159, 210, 526;
charred, 217;
calcined, 11;
human bones, 155, 179, 182, 199, 216, 219, 446;
bones of animals, 143-5, 182, 216;
bones of mammalia, 210;
of horse, 404, 446;
dogs, 527;
rats, 13;
stags, 104;
oxen, _ib._;
of men, _ib._;
bones incinerated, 264;
bone bodkin, 210;
comb, 527;
box of bronze, 13;
brass, 165;
brass or copper pin, 12;
spear-head, 103;
bracelet, gold, 447, 527;
bridle bit, 12, 80, 81, 148, 157, 404;
bronze, 11, 13, 120, 141, 145, 184, 216, 318, 339, 358, 526;
buckle, 43;
and heads, 297;
of gold, 156;
burial urn, 527;
cap ornamented with gold, 446;
carvings, rude, 366;
celt, basaltic, 11;
stone, 11, 142;
of bronze, 127;
of jade, 358;
chamber, rude, 159;
charcoal, 103, 265, 469, 526;
chief, and wife and children, remains of, 446;
chippings of stones, 103;
circular instrument, 13;
circumcision, instruments of, 440;
cists, 12, 140-1, 155-6;
coal, Kimmeridge, 13;
coins (_see_ Roman Coins);
coins, German, 318;
Anglo-Saxon, _ib._;
Byzantine, _ib._;
Arabic or Kufic, _ib._;
coins, Roman, 74;
brass coins, 11;
Claudius, Gothicus, 12, 33, 143;
Constantine, 11, 12, 143, 165;
family of, 11;
Constans, 11;
Constantine II., 11, 339;
Constantinopolis, 11;
Constantine Junior, 12, 143;
Gratian, 11;
Hadrian, 84;
from Tiberius to Trojan, 339;
Theodosius, 209;
Urbs Roma, 11;
Valens, 11;
Valentinian, 11, 12, 36, 143, 144, 209;
combs, engravings on, 218;
compass, leg of, 218;
comb, 527;
copper, 120;
cromlechs, 143;
cylinder partially pierced, 359;
dagger, bronze, 145;
brass or bronze, 12, 13, 14;
dart or javelin point, 142;
dog's bones, 527;
drinking cup (fragments), 12, 145, 297;
earthenware, 525;
electrum plate, part of quiver ornamented with figures of animals
and Greek inscription, 446-7;
enamels, 145;
engraved dagger and Wurm knot, 245;
fibula, 11, 13, 142, 210, 297;
fibula, gold, 156;
flat basin, large, 217;
flint, 11, 12, 14, 146, 165, 182, 218;
fragments of, 286;
flakes, and instruments of, 447;
flowers, silver, 156, 339;
Faustina, medal of, 405;
garnets, 11;
giant, remains of, 130, 156;
glass, 13, 339;
glass beads, _ib._;
glass, molten drop of, 218;
gold-enamelled necklace and bracelets, 440;
gold cross, 11;
necklace, 12;
brooch, 212;
ornaments, 13, 358, 451;
goblet, silver, 297;
gold, traces of, 155;
hair, human, chestnut-coloured, 526;
hammer-head, 12;
handle of knife, 13;
helmets ornamented with bronze and silver, 114;
hone of sandstone, 12;
horns, 74;
stags', 13, 105;
of other animals, 105, 150;
horse, 446;
bones and teeth of, 404;
teeth, 12;
bones, 183, 527;
human remains, 165, 209, 217, 356, 444;
ashes and bones, 469;
hair, 526;
human interments, 185, 359;
original or secondary, 209, 284;
inscriptions, 246, 314;
implements of flint and bone, 145, 184, 185, 217, 218, 359;
of iron, 218;
of modern form, 318;
of flint, 286;
inscriptions, 246, 314;
instruments, 13;
ironstone, 12;
ivory tweezers, 103;
jade, axes in, 358;
jet bracelet, 210;
ornaments, 217;
knife, 11, 146;
knife with iron sheath, 12;
iron, 212;
knife-shaped articles, 218;
lacrymatory, Roman, 165;
medal, 404;
metal, lump, 155;
nails, 527;
ornaments, Anglo-Saxon, 11;
rude, 185;
more refined, 211;
of goblet, 297;
dragons, tortoise, fantastic heads of animals, 297;
in gold and bronze, 358, 526;
and copper, 527;
oyster shells, 74;
pebbles, 218;
pin, iron, 13;
bronze ditto, 141, 216;
copper, 210;
pine poles partly burnt, 526;
point, flint, of dart or javelin, 142;
pottery, fine, broken, 357;
pottery, rude, 12, 217, 218, 285, 339;
Roman, 105, 106;
black, 285;
fine, 404;
red and black, rude British, 105, 285;
Roman British, or Mediæval, 165;
precious stones, traces of, 142;
punch, iron, 218;
rat's bones, 13;
ring, gold, 210;
iron, _ib._;
bronze, 218, 487;
Runes, 244;
representations of stag and camels, 218;
shield, fragments of, 156;
silver-flower sword-ornaments, 156;
slate, 525;
spear-heads, flint or stone, 182;
skulls, human, 155, 525;
snaffle bridle, 156;
sword, iron, 148, 156, 184, 446;
syenite, 217;
sea shells, 218;
silver, 13, 243;
skeletons, human, 11, 14, 17, 76, 145, 148, 165, 209, 289, 313;
sling-stones, 210;
spear-head, 11, 12;
of brass, 103;
sculptured slab, 365;
stained fragments, 218;
stag's bones, 216;
statuettes, 339;
stone, 11, 165;
polished stones, 218;
stone button, 210;
stone shot, _ib._;
studs of coal, 13;
tiles, Romano-Gallic, 338;
others, 359;
teeth of animals, 12;
human, 155, 216;
of horse, 404;
tweezers, ivory, 103;
terra cotta, 339;
torques, gold, 210;
silver, 243;
urns, 11-13, 143, 179, 264;
with ashes, 184, 210;
of stone, 210;
for burial, 527;
vases, 140-1, 357;
whetstone, 13;
wood, coals, 74;
wood, burnt, 182;
wood, dark, 526.
Finds in Denmark, 10;
Derbyshire, 11;
Winster Moor, _ib._;
Pegges Barrow, _ib._;
Long Rood, _ib._;
Haddon Field Barrow, _ib._;
Gib Hill, _ib._;
Cross Flats, _ib._;
Galley Lowe, 12;
Minning Lowe, _ib._;
Borther Lowe, _ib._;
Rolley Lowe, _ib._;
Ashford Moor, _ib._;
Carder Lowe, _ib._;
New Inns, _ib._;
Net Lowe, 13;
Castern, _ib._;
Chartham Downs, _ib._;
Stand Lowe, _ib._;
Wetton and Ilam, _ib._;
Middleton Moor. _ib._;
Come Lowe, _ib._;
Dowe Lowe. _ib._;
valley of Somme, 16;
Abbeville, _ib._;
Gray's Inn Lane, _ib._;
Nineveh, 34;
at Avebury, 74;
at Crichie, 75;
at Hakpen, 76;
contents of, 250;
tumuli, analysis of contents of, 11;
finds at Stonehenge, 103-5;
at West Kennet, 285 _et seq._;
inferences from, 288;
inference from nature of, 106;
from coins, 338;
from absence of British, Gallic, and Christian coins, 340;
from Roman pottery, 360;
few inferences of age possible from finds in India, and why, 480;
no iron or bronze, but copper, in North America, 517;
and tools only of copper, 517.
Finn, suitor of Graine, 225.
Firbolgs, or Belgæ, in Ireland, 176;
when, 193;
defeat at Moytura, 179;
how long in Ireland, 193;
whence they came thither, 193.
Fire, worship of, forbidden by Councils, 25.
Flann, son of Conaing, 201.
Flint remains found at Abbeville, 16 _note_;
inference from, 166;
symbolic of what, 447.
_See_ Finds.
Flower, Mr., account of African monuments, 396;
and their builders, 403.
Ford, Mr., his 'Handbook of Spain.'
Fordun, _see_ Boece.
Fomorians, from Africa settled in Ireland, 176;
dispossessed by Belgæ, 176;
of same race as Dananns, 187.
Forres, Sweno's stone at, 59.
Fountains, worship of, 24-5.
Fouquet, M., _see_ Galles, M.
Four-cornered grave, 449.
"Four Masters" cited, 213, 225, 382.
France, climate of, at epoch of "Cave men," 17;
finds in, 16;
menhirs, 59;
a single sculptured stone there, 59 _note_;
French study of rude-stone monuments, recent, but scientific, 325;
'Dictionnaire des Antiquités Celtiques,' _ib._;
Bertrand, M., his map of France, 326;
general distribution of French monuments, _ib._;
no dolmens in East of France, 327;
date of Celtic first invasion of Gaul, 327, 334;
two early contemporary races in, 328;
the 'ac' termination, 329;
church architecture in dolmen region of the South of France, 331;
form of dolmen distinguishes dolmens in Brittany from those in South
of France, 335;
Confolens, 337;
plan of, _ib._;
error of French antiquaries, _ib._;
find, 337-9;
dolmens, 340;
size, number, and beauty of, _ib._;
few and imperfect circles, _ib._;
"Allée couverte" or "Grotte des Fées," _ib._;
examples of, elsewhere than in France, _ib._;
their distribution here, 340;
Saumur, Essé, Locmariaker, Bagneux, Mettray, 341;
form of French dolmens, 342;
Krukenho, _ib._;
comparative age of, 343;
demi-dolmens, rocking stones, &c., 345 _et seq._;
Carnac, cemetery and battle-field, 349;
alignments, Carnac and Erdeven, St. Barbe, 350;
Maenec and Kermario, 351;
map, 352-3;
stone rows, 354;
differ how, from Stonehenge and Stennis, 355;
head of column of St. Barbe, Mont St. Michel, _ib._;
find, 356;
Kerlescant, find, 357;
Plouharnel, double dolmen and find, 358;
long barrow, Moustoir-Carnac, _ib._;
find, 359;
Locmariaker, cemetery, dolmen, 360;
sculptured stones at Mané Lud, 361;
dolmen, Dol ar Marchant, _ib._;
end stone and roof, sculptured, 362;
fallen obelisk, 363;
compared to dolmen at Krukenho, _ib._;
allée couverte, 364;
ornamented stones, _ib._;
Mané er H'roëk, and find, _ib._;
Gavr Innis, sculptured stones, 365;
resemble sculptures at Lough Crew, 366;
three-holed stone, tools used, _ib._;
Tumiac, tumulus and find, _ib._;
Crozon alignments, their origin and purpose obscure, 367;
Gré de Cojou, double alignment, circle, enclosures, dolmen, 367-8;
Preissac, _ib._;
date and object of monuments at Carnac, 370 _et seq._;
Carnac, Erdeven, and St. Barbe, are they parts of one whole? 372;
argument against their existence in Cæsar's time, 373;
not pre-Roman, _ib._;
early history not satisfactory, _ib._;
battle between Maximus and Gratian, _ib._;
Conan Meriadec, 374;
author's view as to origin of Carnac monuments, 374-5;
Grallon's war with Liberius and Northern pirates, 374;
Romans never settled in Brittany, 370;
effect there of Roman building-style, ib;
and of withdrawal of Romans, 394.
Franks, M., his photograph of Ballo dolmen, 321.
French antiquaries, errors of, 337.
Frere, Mr., his find at Abbeville, 16 _note_.
Freyrsö, battle at, 276.
Frey's Howe, opened, 527.
Friar's Heel stone at Stonehenge, 7.
Frode Frodegode, tomb of, 299.
Frode V., 278, 288.

GALATIA, importance of dolmens there, if any, to Celtic theory, 446.
Galles, M. René, explores Mont St. Michel,354;
with M. Fouquet explores Tumiac, find, 366.
Galley Low, find at, 12.
Gallicia, dolmens in, 378.
Ganora, _see_ Guinevere.
Gariock, Newton stone at, 57.
Garrywhin alignment, 529.
Gaul, Pliny's tale of snakes in, 4;
no stone temples in, mentioned by Cæsar or Tacitus, 20.
Gavr Innis, in Morbihan, 43, 364;
sculptures, holed stone, 365;
compared to Lough Crew, 366;
holes and trough below, _ib._;
object of it.
Geraldus Cambrensis, his statement as to removal of stones to
Stonehenge, 107;
how fable originated, 108.
Germans, worship of, in groves only, 20.
Germany, North (_see_ Scandinavia); dolmens in, 301.
Gervaise mentions cemetery at Canterbury, 22.
Ghazni, Saracenic arches at, 457.
Giant tribes in Palestine, builders of dolmens? 442;
circles, 453.
"Giant's dance," Geraldus and Ware cited as to, 107 _note_.
Giant's grave, 229;
circle there, _ib._
Giants' towers, 415.
Giara, plan of, Nurhag of, 430. _See_ Mediterranean Islands.
Gib Hill, find at, 11, _see_ Derbyshire;
analogue of Silbury Hill, 147.
Gildas cited, 87;
as to interments at Stonehenge, 110.
Gilead, dolmens in, 442;
last safe place for dolmens before India, 443.
Gizeh, date of pyramid of, 31.
Glasfurd, Capt., find by, 487.
Glem, or Glein, river, Arthur's battle near, 135.
Glen Columbkille, 225.
Glen Columbkille and Glen Malin, survey of Mr. Norman Moore, 520;
cromlechs or dolmens, stone chambers, solitary stones, 320;
plan of one, 521;
groups of, 523-4;
find, 525;
resemblance of one to Calliagh Birra's tomb, 525.
Glen Malin More, 225.
Godmundingham, destruction of church at, 23.
Gond, _see_ Bhil.
Gongora y Martinez, Don, his work cited, 377.
Gordon, Principal, anecdotes of, respecting holed stones at Stennis,
255.
Gorm, monument of, 27;
date of, 126, 296 _et seq._;
dragon on, 245.
Gothland perhaps mentioned by Diodorus, 8.
Göttenburg, drawings of ships on stones at, 303.
Göttingen, no dolmens in, 301.
Gower caves, 16.
Gozo, spirals and scrolls at, compared to those at Mycenæ, 424.
Graine, daughter of Cormac Mac Art, _see_ Beds.
Grallon, king of Briton, his wars, 374.
Grandmont, holed dolmen at, 343.
Grange, New, cairns at, 52.
Gratian, defeat of, in Brittany, 374.
Grave, four cornered, 449.
Greece, Aryan occupation of, 39;
early tombs in Greece, _ib._;
succession of architectural styles, 393. _See_ Bactrian.
Greeks of Bactria introduce usage of stone monuments in India, 48;
Greek kings mentioned by Asoka, 498.
Greenland, route of early peoplers of America, 516.
Greenmount, tumulus at, 231;
diggings at, _ib._;
date, 232.
Greenwell, Canon, his researches as to prehistoric tumuli, 289.
Gregory the Great, letter of, respecting English idols, 21.
Gröningen, dolmens in 301.
Grottes des Feés, _see_ Alées couvertes.
Groups of stones in England, 56.
Groves, sacred, 465.
Guest, Dr., accuracy of his dates, 86;
opinions as to place of Arthur's last battle, 87.
Guidebert circle, 531.
Guin, Arthur's 8th battle there, 137, 172.
Guinevere, where born and buried? 134.
Guzerat, ruins in, of Mahommedan city, 457.

HACAS PEN, _see_ Hakpen Hill.
Hadrian, mausoleum of, 40;
coins of, 84.
Hagiar Khem, plan of cone, 423;
pit-markings, 424;
altar, 425;
headless image, _ib._
Hag's Hill, 213. _See_ Slieve na Calliage.
Haken, his victory, 291.
Hakpen Hill, circle and avenue, 4;
double circles, 64;
Dr. Stukeley's theory as to, 4;
dimensions, 65;
mentioned in Charter of Athelstane, 73;
dimensions of ovals, 75;
stones, 76;
find, 76;
date of interments, 77;
Camden's account, 78;
Saxon and Danish burials, _ib._;
Roman road at, 83.
Hale Farm, 117.
Halkor, 305;
dolmen, with drawing of ships, circles with crosses or
chariot-wheels, 304.
Hamlet, citation from, 286.
Hannibal in Spain, 380.
Hanover dolmen, 301;
with enclosure, 308.
Harald Blaatand, 296.
Harald Hildetand, his defeat, 280;
grave, 282.
Harold Harfagar, 248;
when took the Orkneys, 250.
Haugagerdium, 249.
Havard the Happy, 250.
Havard, Earl, where interred, 298.
Hauran, Roman tombs in the, 445.
Haxthausen, cited as to Steppes, 448-9.
Head-stone, _see_ Kivik.
Hecatæus cited, 8.
Height of mound an indication of its age, 142 _note_.
Helmstädt, once dolmens were near, 301.
Hengist and Horsa, 119;
Hengist's grandson, 57;
his treachery, 107.
Henry of Huntingdon cited as to triliths at Stonehenge, 94.
Heracleidæ, return of, what figured by, 39.
Heraldic symbolism, 273.
Heremon, Spanish race of, in Ireland, 381 _et seq._;
kings of this race in Ireland, where buried, 200.
Herodotus, his descriptions of tomb of Alyattes, 31;
his account of the Nasomenes, 407.
Herrestrup, dolmen at, 303;
ships, and circles with crosses engraved upon, 303.
Hesiod, his statement as to respective antiquity of brass or iron, 35.
Hiero's temple at mouth of Loire, 21.
Hildebrand, his account of diggings and find at Oden's Howe, 526.
Hildesheim, no dolmen at, 301.
Hindu Goni, 412.
Hindus as builders, 457;
did not employ the arch, 457;
not immutable, 458.
Historic, monuments not, 416.
Hjarnæ, tomb of, 299.
Hjortehammer, singular form of graves at, 316;
date of, according to Worsaae, 316;
Viking graves at, 528.
Hoare, Sir R. C., 5;
his work on Wiltshire, _ib._;
his authority, in what questionable, 10;
his account of Hakpen, 77;
etymology of Marlborough, 84;
surveyed Marden, 85;
his opinion of, 86;
plan of Stonehenge, 91;
cited as to Stonehenge, 101-5, 110;
Stanton Drew, 150;
find by long barrows, 289.
Hob Hurst's house, 172.
Höbisch, double dolmen at, 309.
Hock Norton, defeat of English at, 126.
Holback, 310.
Holes in dolmens, 161;
Plas Newydd monolith at Stennis, 255;
ceremony connected with, _ib._;
date of, 256;
certainly Scandinavian, 258;
in France, Trie, Grandmont, Bas Languedoc, 343-4;
umbrella form has analogues in India, &c., 343;
holes as entrances to chambers at Kerlescant and Rodmarton, 357;
others at Finistère, 358;
Gavr Innis, 365;
objects of holes there, trough below, 366;
in trilithon, 411;
in dolmen in Circassia, 447;
at Rajunkoloor, 469;
inference of connexion of race from, 495.
_See_ Tumulus.
Holland, dolmens in, 301.
_See_ Drenthe, Hunebeds.
Holland, Rev. Mr., cited as to Sinai, 443;
find by, 444.
Holstein, dolmens in, 301.
Holy Land, _see_ Palestine.
Horsa, his burial-place, 119-21;
battle between and Vortigern, 119.
Horses, sacrifices of, in the Steppes, 449-52.
Horstead, Horsa perhaps there buried, 121.
Houel's monuments in Malta, 416.
Howes, Danish and Saxon burials in, 104;
British ditto, to what date, _ib._;
Danish kings buried, 250;
to what date, argument from, 297.
Hoxay, 249-50.
Hubba the Dane, his era, 104.
Huc and Gabet cited as to monasticism in the East, 502.
Human remains, _see_ Finds.
Human sacrifices amongst Anglo-Saxons, 284-5;
and Khonds in India, 460;
in Cuttack, 465.
Humble, tomb of, 299.
Hunebeds, 318, _et seq._;
Emmen, 320-1;
Ballo, 321;
were they originally covered, 321;
Gröningen and Friesland, 322;
use and date, _ib._
Hunestadt, dragon at, 245.
Hwitaby circles and Bacta stones, 290.
Hydahs in Alaska, 18;
compared to Cave men, _ib._;
accounts of, 18 _note_;
whether of race of mound builders, 517.
Hy Fiachrach cited, 233.
Hyperboreans, mentioned by Diodorus, 8;
circular temples amongst, _ib._;
falsely supposed to be inhabitants of Britain, _ib._

IBERIANS, or Celtiberians, 227;
in Britain, 162;
in Donegal, 227;
dolmens, 228;
Irish dolmens, 238;
not very ready converts to Christianity, 228.
Idols, worship of, Councils forbidding, 24, 25.
Ilam, find at, 13.
Images, headless, 425;
of dead on tombs, 449.
India, temples of, 1;
no Druids in, 6;
observations on, 7;
when iron first known in, 35;
tombs in, 41;
holed stones, 343;
westernmost dolmen, 443;
rude-stone monuments, 455;
dates of Aryans crossing Indus, of Vedas and laws of Menou, 455;
no existing stone building prior to Asoka, _ib._;
progress of Indian architecture contrasted with that of other
countries, 457;
Hindu not immutable, 459;
but other races are so, 459-461;
Khassia Hills, 462;
rude monuments there similar to European examples, _ib._;
cremation amongst Khassias, 463;
funereal seats, _ib._;
origin of menhirs there, stone turbans, 464;
menhirs and tables, _ib._;
turban-stone, stone-table, trilithon, _ib._;
no circles and alignments, tumuli, nor sculptures, but coincidences
with Western nations, 465;
points of similarity and of dissimilarity to Druidical institutions,
_ib._;
date of monuments, _ib._;
Kamarupa, 466;
Sylhet, _ib._;
Western India, _ib._;
Belgaum altars or tables, 467;
small circles, central stones, worship of Betal, _ib._;
dolmen at Rajunkoloor, 468;
closed dolmen, 469;
find, 470;
cairns, _ib._;
Raichore Doab dolmens surrounded by double circles, 470;
arrangement of dolmens at Rajunkoloor, _ib._;
cairns at Jewurgi, find, 471;
purpose of each set of dolmens, 472;
their ages, _ib._;
double dolmen, Coorg, 473;
tomb, Nilgiri Hills, _ib._;
sepulchral circles at Amravati, 474;
circular rail, 475;
distribution of dolmens in India, _ib._;
Karumbers Buddhists, 477;
Dravidians or Tumulians, 478;
Karumbers and Singalese, connexion of, _ib._;
importance of the unexplored territory of Nizam, _ib._;
Travancore cromlechs, 479;
mode of interment, offerings to departed spirits, explanation of
miniature utensils, 479;
finds, 480;
age of monuments, iron how long known in India, iron pillar at Kutub,
Delhi, 481;
sculptured Indian dolmen, 483;
Iwallee, 484;
group at Shahpoor, 485;
cross and dolmen at Katapur, 486-7;
dolmen with cross at Nirmul Jungle, 488;
dagobas in Ceylon, 489, 490;
dolmen at Pullicondah, 491;
Sanchi, rail near, 492;
author's view as to dates of hewn and rude-stone buildings, ignorance
of natives, 493-4;
Eastern and Western dolmens, similarities between, how far proof of
connexion, 495;
tomb of Akbar at Agra, 496;
proof from literature inconclusive, 496;
from Asoka's rock-engraved edict, 498.
Indian Buddhists, rails of, 48;
art influences elsewhere, 414.
Indian origin of Essenes, 500.
Inhumation, different kinds and history of, 30.
Inigo Jones, his treatise on Stonehenge, 23.
Inquisition, 332.
Inscriptions in Maes-Howe, 246;
Newton Stone, perhaps earliest Scotch inscription, 271;
Kirkliston, 271;
Ogham inscription, 271.
Interments, place of, in case of circles, 132, 151;
at Shap, Hakpen, and Crichie, 131-2;
Saxon (_see_ Beowulf);
articles deposited by Saxons, 145-6;
theory of successive interments, 146;
secondary interments, 165-6;
fallacy as to, 288-9;
Sir John Lubbock's argument respecting summit interments, 166.
International Prehistoric Congress at Paris, 337.
Iolaus with Thespiadæ colonizers of Sardinia, 429.
Iorsala Farer or pilgrims, 244.
Iran and Turan or Aniran, of what these words the equivalents, 506.
Irby and Mangles, Captains, observe dolmens in Syria, 441.
Ireland, tomb-building in, 43;
dolmens in, 45;
external ditto, 46;
menhirs in, 58;
no symbolage in, 59;
bluestones from, transported to England, 108;
rude-stone monuments in, 175;
best illustration of megalithic remains, _ib._;
obstruction of the study of Irish monuments, _ib._;
services of Dr. Petrie, _ib._;
materials for history of, _ib._;
copious literature, 176 (_see_ Moytura);
King Eochy, 178;
Firbolgs or Belgians, 179;
tradition of the "One Man," _ib._;
Queen Misgan Meave, 184-6;
Dananns who? 188;
King Nuada of the Silver Hand, 186;
Fomorians, 186-7;
Breas, 186;
Balor of the Evil Eye, 187;
the great Daghda, _ib._;
Fomorians and Dananns alleged to be of same Scandinavian race, _ib._;
their very early intercourse with Irish, 188;
Dananns were Danes, _ib._;
chronology of early events, 188 _et seq._;
places of royal interment, 190;
race of Crimthann, 132;
introduction of alphabet, 189, 196;
division into kingdoms, 189;
early accounts of its peopling, _ib._;
Irish history doubtful until Cimboeth, _ib._;
burial-places of ancient kings, 190;
first influx of civilization, when, according to Dr. Todd,
193 _note_;
Oghams, 196;
authentic history of Ireland, when commences, according to Petrie,
_ib._;
legend of the Beds of Diarmid, 225;
tradition as to (_see_ Cemeteries);
St. Colomba, 227;
Iberians in Ireland, monuments of, 227;
murder of Dathi by foster-brothers, 233;
barbarism of Irish before St. Patrick, 235-6;
their civilization progressive, 236;
stages of architecture, 237-8;
marks of triple system of monuments, 238;
importance of them to history, 238;
age and sequence of its monuments, 237-8;
circle-building race in, 274;
dolmen-building ditto, 274, 381;
Spanish migration to, Heremon, 381;
where Spaniards settled, 382;
date, _ib._
_See_ Glen Columbkille.
Iron, when known to Greeks, Israelites, Etruscans, 35;
argument from absence of iron in tombs considered, 37;
when introduced into Denmark, England, Egypt, _ib._;
iron, early manufacture of, in India, 482;
and now by Khassias especially, _ib._
Iron pillar at Kutub, 481;
date of, 482.
Italy, tomb-building in, 40;
dolmen at Saturnia, 391-2;
chambered tumuli, 392;
hewn stones, _ib._;
Etruria, _ib._;
why dolmens not so uniform in Italy as in France and Scandinavia,
393;
earliest colonists, the Pelasgi and Tyrrheni, in contact with merely
stone-hewing peoples, _ib._;
reverence of Etrurians for dead, _ib._;
their effacement by more progressive races, _ib._;
Rome adopts and improves Etruscan architecture, _ib._;
and forces Spain and France to a more ambitious sepulture, 394;
their relapse into rude-stone monuments, _ib._
Iwallee, singular place of dolmen, 484.

JACOB, stone set up by, 438-9.
Jains succeeded Buddhists in India, 459.
James I. directs researches respecting Stonehenge, 3, 104.
Janssen, Dr., his work on Hunebeds, 319.
Jarl Ragnvald, his expedition, 244.
Jarls, Orcadian, how buried, 297.
Jeffrey of Monmouth cited, 88;
account by, of Stonehenge, 106 and of Merlin, are justified, 412;
his character as writer, 106.
Jellinge, King Gorm's tomb at, 245, 296 _et seq._
Jersey, tumulus in, 51;
circle, 52.
Jewurgi, cairns at, 471-2.
Jey Sing, observatories of, 7, 459.
John, St., Baptistery of, at Canterbury, erected, 22.
Jones, _see_ Inigo.
Joshua, stone set up by, 438-40;
flint instruments of circumcision interred with him, 440.
Joyce, Rev. Mr., on crosses, 488.
Juggernaut, temple of, 460.
Junies, remains there, 368.
Jutes, settle in and trade with Britain before Cæsar's time, 133.
Jutland, dolmens in, 301.

KAFR ER WÂL, dolmen at, 441.
Kamarupa, Hindu kingdom, 466.
Karl Lofts, if circle there, 130.
Karumbers, 476 _et seq._;
originators of rude monuments in India, 478.
Katapur, cross and dolmen at, 486-7.
Kemble cited, 64, 73;
as to historical value of poem of Beowulf, 120.
Kemp How, 130.
Kennet Avenue at Avebury, 63-4;
called "stone row" in charter of Athelstan, 74;
river, station of Saxons upon, 88;
long barrow similar to Lethra, 283.
_See_ River Kennet.
Kens Low, 139;
barrow, find at, 145.
Kent, division of, by Bede, 120.
Kent's Hole, 16.
Kerdouadec alignment, 367.
Kerland demi-dolmen, 336.
Kerlescant, 351, 356;
long barrow opened, find, 356.
Kermario avenues, 350.
Keyna, traditions respecting, 151.
Keysler, citations from, 24, 25;
compares Drenthe to Stonehenge, 319.
Khassia Hills, rude-stone monuments, 462 _et seq._;
tribes practise cremation, 463;
funereal usages, 463;
iron manufacture, 482.
Khatoura, tomb of Isidorus at, 100.
Khonds (_see_ Gonds), usages of, resemblance to Druids, 460;
Major Macpherson's remarks respecting their worship, 461;
difficulty of putting an end to their human sacrifices, _ib._
King Stone, 146.
_See_ Stanton Drew.
Kings of Denmark, tombs of, 15.
Kinsey, his 'Portugal Illustrated,' 377.
Kistvaens, or cists, how composed, 43;
contents of, _ib._;
when covered, 43-4;
passages into, 43;
sculpture in, _ib._;
New Grange, _ib._;
Gavr Innis, _ib._;
Maes-Howe, _ib._;
Arbor Low, 140;
Gib Hill, 141;
Plas Newydd, 166.
Kit's Cotty House, 116;
whether ever covered, 44.
Kivik grave, head-stone of, 314;
figures upon, _ib._;
date assigned to, _ib._;
resembles one in France, _ib._
Klein-Raden, 301.
_See_ Cotty House.
Knock na Rea, 184;
cairn at, 280.
_See_ Queen Misgan Meave.
Knockeen, dolmen at, 229.
Knowth, cairn of, 192, 200;
identified by Petrie with cave of Cnodhba, 201;
searched by Danes, _ib._
Knut, the great battle between and Olof, 291.
Kongsbacka battle-field, 279.
Königsberg, dolmens near, 301.
Konitz, dolmen at, 301.
Krukenho, allée couverte at, 342;
dolmen compared with Dol ar Marchant, 36.
Kubber Roumeia, tomb of Mauritanian kings, 423-4.
Kurgans or mounds in the Steppes, 448.
Kutb u Deen, his mosque at Delhi, 457.
Kutub iron pillar, 35, 481.

LAITY, _see_ Clergy and Laity.
Landevenec founded by Grallon, 374.
Landver, son of Thufin, where buried, 528.
Largs, battle of, 58;
stone to mark, 58.
Larking, Rev. Mr., his visit to Aylesford, 118.
Latheronwheel, 530 _et seq._
Lean Low mound, 139.
_See_ Derbyshire.
Lecan, book of, cited, 233.
Lech, meaning of word, 44.
Ledwich, Dr., his description of New Grange, 143.
Lefroy, General, his diggings at Greenmount, 231.
Leoghaine, 212-3.
Leslie, Col. Forbes, 264;
his paper upon Aberdeenshire circles, 263;
Belgian group described by, 467.
Lethra, tomb at, of Harold, 282, 289.
Leuré, alignment at, 367.
Lia Fail, 382, 439.
_See_ Stone of Destiny.
Liberius, Consul, defeat of, 374.
Liegnitz, dolmen at, 301.
Lifeachaire Cairbre, his grave, 213.
Linn} _see_ Linuis; meaning of word, 136;
Lyn } perhaps Lake country, 136.
Linuis, where, 136;
locality of a battle of Arthur, different opinions respecting
locality, 136.
Liotr, or Landver, sepulchre, 254.
Listoghil cairn, 181;
mentioned by Petrie, _ib._;
find there, 182.
Llwyd, Mr., 201.
Lockmaben, 129.
_See_ Wood Castle.
Locmariaker, allée couverte at, 341;
Dariorigum, capital of Venetes, 349;
long barrow, Mané Lud 360;
Mané er H'roëk, 360;
dolmen and sculpture, 360-1;
Dol ar Marchant, 361;
allée couverte near, 364;
date, 370.
Loire, grottes des fées along, 341.
Loncarty, defeat of Danes at, 270.
Long Stow Cove, 64.
Long-headed race, superior antiquity of, 36.
Long Roods, barrow at, 11.
Lot, department of, 334.
Lothbrok Ragnar, victories of, 290;
sepulchre of, 298;
battle fought by, 314.
Lough Crew, 199, 213;
excavations, 213;
cairn T. 214;
Hag's Chair, 215;
two stones, 216;
cairn L, 217;
cairn H, _ib._;
find there, 218;
cairn D, 219;
other monuments at, _ib._
Lubbock, Sir John, analysis by, of contents of numerous tumuli, 11;
Park Cwn tumulus described by, 164.
Lucan cited as to Nasomenes, 407.
Lug, grandson of Balor, 187.
Lukis, Rev. Mr., explores Carnac, 350, 356-7.
Lumberdale House, cist at Gib Hill removed to, 141.
Lüneburg, dolmen near, with enclosures, 308.
Luxembourg, Grand Duchy, dolmens in, 301, 323;
to whom referred, 323.
Lyons, battle near, 374.

MACKENZIE, Col., his map cited, 474;
his drawings of Viraculls and Masteeculls, 483.
Macpherson, Major Charteris, his work, memorials of service in India
cited, 460.
Madracen, 423;
of same type as Maltese examples, 424.
Madsen, his 'Antiquités préhistoriques du Danemark,' 188;
gives examples of buried dolmen, 310.
Maenec, Le, 350 _et seq._
Maes-Howe tumulus, 244;
opened, _ib._;
early spoliation of, _ib._;
runes descriptive of origin, _ib._;
the spoilers, who, _ib._;
inference from runes, _ib._;
engraving of dragon, similar to Danish, 245, 246 _et seq._;
Wurm knot, 245;
inscription, 246;
age of, _ib._;
architecture of howe, 247;
chamber and loculi, _ib._;
resemblance of mound to those on Boyne, 248;
of what race and age, 249-256;
unique monument must have belonged to most magnificent race, 258.
Magas mentioned by Asoka, 498.
Magh Mor, King of Spain, his connexion with Ireland, 187.
Magnus Henricksson, Danish Prince, 291.
Magnus Olaus, description by, of megalithic remains in Sweden, 15, 101.
Mahabharata, date of the, 455.
Mahommedans could not influence the non-progressive tribes of India,
459.
Mahommedanism, aversion to, in India, 459.
Majorca and Minorca, _see_ Mediterranean Islands, 434.
Mal Lumkun, cross erected by, 272.
Malé, M., his example of demi-dolmen, 345.
Malmor, or Mal Muru, 272.
Malta, tombs of, 410;
giants' towers, 415;
Maltese monuments, _see_ Mediterranean Islands.
Man, Isle of, circles in, 162;
crosses in, 273.
Mané er H'roëk, find there, 339, 360, 364;
singular sculptured slab, 364.
Mané Lud, 360.
Mangles, Captain, _see_ Irby.
"Many Stones," group, 529.
Maols, or Murderers, graves of four, at Ballina, 233, 336;
certain date of, 233.
Marden, 63;
circle, plan, 85.
Marienwerder, dolmen at, 301.
Marlborough, etymology of word, 84.
Marmora, Count de la, his work on Sardinia, 428 _et seq._
Marsa Sirocco, remains at, 425.
Masses, immense, moved by rude peoples, 465.
Masteeculls, what, 483.
Mauritanian kings, tombs of, 424.
Maximus, overthrow of Roman power by, 373;
his battle, 374.
Mayborough (_see_ Penrith and Cumrew);
circle at, compared to Little Salkeld, 127.
Meave Misgan, Queen, _see_ Misgan.
Mecklenburg, dolmens in, 301.
Mediterranean islands, non-historic monuments of, shaped stones, 415,
436;
Malta, giants' towers, circles, 416;
Gozo, 417;
Hagiar Khem, 419, 423;
Mnaidra, 418-22;
roofing of Maltese monuments, 422;
these compared to Kubber Roumeia and Madracen, 424;
Gozo scrolls and spirals compared to those of Mycenæ and Greece,
_ib._;
pit-markings, _ib._;
altars and stone tables, 225;
monuments not temples but sepulchres, 425-6;
Phœnicians in Malta, 425;
the monuments, of what race and age, 426, 437;
prior to dolmens, 437;
Sardinic Nurhags, 427;
storeys of Nurhags and groups, plan of, _ib._;
Santa Barbara, 428, 431;
silence of history as to them, 429;
Dedalean buildings according to Diodorus, _ib._;
La Giara, 430;
what Nurhags were, 431;
derivation of, 432;
view of author as to purpose of Nurhags, 433;
Balearic islands, Talyots at Trepucò, Minorca bilithon, 435;
Alajor, _ib._;
stone tables, 435-6;
rude-stone circles, 432.
Megalithic monuments at Moytura, 180 _et seq._;
every kind of, except avenues, 180-1;
monument in Deer Park, Sligo, 234;
its anomalous nature, 235;
Celts had nothing to do with, according to Bertrand, 254;
gap of, between France and Scandinavia, 323;
none in valleys of Rhine or Scheldt, _ib._;
distribution of, 334;
map, 324;
table, 376;
demi-dolmens, rocking stones, 345 _et seq._;
Carnac, 350;
Tiaret, 397.
Megalithic remains, how to study, 19;
rarely in this country contain flint, bronze, or iron, 19;
style uniform, 36;
age of, 37;
resemblance to Buddhist structure, 42 (_see_ Kistvaens);
mark battle-fields, family sepulchres, or graves of distinguished
men, 15;
great light as to, derivable from Irish remains, 175.
Melkart and Astarte, temple in Malta dedicated to, 425.
'Memorials of Service,' work of Major Charteris-Macpherson, 460.
Menhirs, 29;
derivation of word, 57;
where, _ib._;
purpose, _ib._;
single stones in Scripture, Greece, Etruria, _ib._;
rarely inscribed, _ib._;
in Ireland, Wales, Scotland, 59;
France, _ib._;
at Lochrist, _ib._;
Denmark, 60 (_see_ Monoliths);
purpose of menhir in Khassia, 463;
Western not after Tartar models, 452.
Menou, laws of, date of, 455.
Meriadec Conan, British Prince in France, 374;
wars of, _ib._
Merivale, bridge at, 55-6;
parallel lines of stones at, 54;
their purpose, _ib._;
avenue, circles, and cromlech at, 55-6.
Merlin, his bury, 84;
his connexion with Stonehenge, 107;
fable about, 133;
explained, 412.
Mettray, allée couverte at, 341.
Mexican temples, 514;
race non-progressive beyond a certain point, 19.
Mexico, carved stone monuments in, 517.
Miamisburgh, sepulchral mound at, 514.
Miana, circle at, 453.
Microlithic remains, 40, 41, 47.
Miegle, alleged burial-place of Guinevere, 134.
Migration from France to Algeria, 409;
of people settled around Mediterranean, 410.
Migration theory, how proved or disproved, 443, 445.
Minho, dolmens in, 378.
Miniature urns and utensils in Indian tomb, use of, explained, 479.
Mitjana, Don Rafael, pamphlet by, 377.
Minning Low, 130, 142-3.
_See_ Derbyshire.
Minorca, _see_ Mediterranean.
Minyas, tomb of, 33.
'Mirabilibus Auscultationibus, De,' work ascribed to Aristotle, 429,
434.
Miscellaneous, _see_ Mounds.
Misgan Meave, Queen, cairn of, 183;
killed by whom, 184 (_see_ Moytura);
poem of her life and adventures, 196;
her husband, 197.
Mnaidra, elliptical chambers, 417;
plans of monuments at, 418-22;
cones, 419;
pit-markings, 420;
openings in walls, shelves or loculi or columbaria? 420;
roofs, 421.
Modestus, his zeal of proselytism unsuccessful in Brittany, 373.
Mogalana and Sariputra, disciples of Buddha, 504.
Mogols, domes of, 40.
Molyneux, Sir Thomas, 202.
Monasticism in the West, 499;
Vestal Virgins, Antony, _ib._;
Essenes, 500;
history silent as to monasticism in the East, not so architecture,
501;
imitated by the West from the East, _ib._;
peculiarities introduced, 502.
Monoliths at Stennis, 242;
holed, 242, 255;
Setif, 397.
Mont St. Michel, possibly occupied by Cæsar, 20;
find, 356.
Montfort, Simon de, 481.
'Monumenta Britannica' cited, 87.
Monuments, _see_ Rude-Stone.
Moon worship forbidden, 25.
Moore, Norman, Mr., his visit to Glen Columbkille, 225;
letters from, respecting, _Appendix_, 520-3.
Moors in Spain, 381.
Motes, or places of judgment, stones to mark, 26.
Mounds of sacrifice in North America, 513;
of sepulture, 514;
temple, _ib._;
animal mounds, 515;
conical mounds, 513.
Moustoir Carnac, long barrow and find, 358-9.
Moytura, 176;
two battles at, 175;
narrative of, by O'Donovan, 176;
first battle at North Moytura, 176-7;
second battle at South Moytura, 177-9;
circles, 177;
cairns, _ib._;
cairn of "One Man," 178;
importance and varieties of monuments at Northern Moytura, 180;
map, 181;
plan of circles, 182-3;
dolmen, 183;
tomb of Misgan Meave, 184;
locality of it doubted, 185;
account of battle of Northern Moytura, 186;
dates of battles, 188, 197;
when accounts first written, 197;
localities of battles, 198;
monuments at, contrasted with English and Scandinavian examples, 198;
resemblance of, to Braavalla, 280, 304.
Muir Divock, 130;
circles at, 130.
Mule Hill, 157-8.
_See_ Circles, Small.
Mulheran, Mr., account of Katapur, 487.
Mull of Cantyre circles, 262.
Munch, Professor, his observations as to spoilers of Maes-Howe, 244;
mentions Halfdan's barrow, 250.
Mycenæ, tombs of Atridæ at, 32, 36;
analogous to Jersey circles, 52, 53;
scrolls and spirals there resemble those of Gozo, 424.

NABLOUS, dolmens on road to, 441.
Naper, Mr., excavations by, 213.
Nasamones, who, 407;
Herodotus mentions their veneration of dead, _ib._;
a plundering tribe, _ib._
Navarre, dolmens in, 378.
Nemedh, three sons of, 179.
Nennius, his account of origin of Stonehenge, 107;
of Arthur's battles, 135.
Nestorians, how far to the east, 488.
Net Lowe, find, 13.
Netterville House, tumulus, 209.
New Craig circle, 263.
New Grange, 43, 52;
Royal cemetery, 192, 201.
New Inn, 12.
Newark Works in America, 511.
Newton, 263;
sculptured stone, 263, 271.
Niall, father of Leoghaire, 212.
Nicol, Dr., his observations in Kincardine, 265.
Nikolajew, uncovered base of tumulus, 451.
Nilgiri Hills, tombs and dolmens, 472-3;
sculptured dolmens, 483.
Nine Ladies, circle of, at Stanton Moor, 48-9, 140.
Nineveh, dates of buildings at, how ascertained, 1, 34.
Nirmul Jungle dolmen with cross, 488.
Nizam's unexplored territory important to art and history, 478.
Nonhistoric monuments, 415.
Norman pirates, Grallon's war with, 374.
North Germany, _see_ Scandinavia.
Norway, no dolmens in, but cairns and such like monuments, 302.
Nuada, king, "of the silver hand," battle and death, 187.
Nur, meaning of, 432.
Nurhags of Sardinia, 410, 415, 427 _et seq._;
derivation of word, _see_ Sardinia.

OAK used in Thyra's tomb, 298.
Obelisk, development of, 59;
at Aylesford, 117, 119;
at Rollright, 124;
at Dol ar Marchant, 363.
Oberhartz, no dolmens in, 301.
Oberyssel, dolmen in, 301.
O'Brian, wild speculations of, 175.
Observatories in India, 459.
Ochaim, Niall's burying-place, 212.
O'Curry, his account of battle cited, 188;
his view as to date of Ogham writing, 196.
Oden's Howe, exploration of, 526;
find, _ib._
O'Donovan, his account of Moytura, 176;
his confession of uncertainty of Irish chronology, 190;
remarks as to dolmen of four Maols, 233.
Og, king of Bashan, 442.
Oghams, 29;
on menhirs, 58;
date of introduction, 196;
little used, and for what, _ib._;
on Newton Stone, 271.
Ohio, sacred enclosures in, 511;
district of, how first peopled, 516.
Oise, holed dolmen at, 343.
Olaus, _see_ Wormius, Magnus.
Old Testament, stones mentioned in, 57.
Oldenburg, dolmens in, 301.
Olfers, Dr., tomb of Alyattes examined by, 32.
Olof the Holy, 241.
Ophite theory, 4, 7.
Oppeln, dolmen near, 301.
Orchomenos sepulchre explored by Dodwell, 33;
lined with bronze, 34;
inference from, as to civilization, 39.
Orkneys (_see_ Maes-Howe, Scotland, Stennis);
no timber in, 298.
Orkhow, treasure there, 252.
Oroust, dolmen at, 305-6;
resembles Countless Stones, 305;
in enclosure, 310.
Osnabrück, dolmen in, 301.
Ougein, observatories in, 7;
commercial capital of Asoka, 459.
Ouseley, Sir W., cited as to Eastern circles, 453.
Oval dolmens, _see_ Dolmens.
Ozene, or Ougein, which see.

PAGAN TEMPLES, similarity of, to Christian, 22-3.
Palestine and the East, dolmens, 438;
of stones mentioned in Scripture but one of megalithic class, 438-40;
monolith, 440;
dolmens between Es Salt and Nablous, 441;
and Kafr-er-Wâl, _ib._;
whether dolmens outside of Gilead, 442;
of what tribe known examples are, _ib._;
age of, 443;
Peshawur, _ib._;
circular-domed tombs at Sinai, and stone circles, _ib._;
find, 444;
Nukb Hawy ring, _ib._;
resemblance to Bazinas and Chouchas, _ib._;
Arabia, near Eyoor, rude-stone monuments mentioned by Palgrave,
resembling those of the West and at Tripoli, 445;
interest attaching to Arabian examples, _ib._;
Asia Minor, unsolved problems respecting, 446;
Kertch, chambered tumuli, and finds, 447;
dolmens of shaped stones, holed in Circassia, Crimea, and on shore of
Baltic, 447.
Palgrave, Mr. Giffard, rude-stone monuments seen by him in Arabia, 444.
Pallas cited, 449.
Pancras, St., temple at Canterbury dedicated to, 22.
Pandus, temples popularly assigned to, 494.
Pape and Peti, early inhabitants of Orkneys, 248.
Parallel lines or avenues, 50.
_See_ Avenues.
Park Cwn tumulus, 164;
meant to be visible, 164;
find at, _ib._
Parkhouse circle, 263.
Pataliputta, _see_ Patna.
Patan, Emperors, domes of, 40.
Patna, convocation at, 501.
Pausanias, tomb of Atridæ described by, 32, 33.
Pegges Barrow, 11.
Pelasgi and Tyrrheni, in contact with only stone-hewing races, 393.
'Pelasgic Remains,' work by Dadwell, 33;
style superseded by Doric in Greece, 393.
Pembroke, Philip, Earl of, his testimony as to Stonehenge, 104.
Pen, prefix, meaning of, 64.
Pennant cited as to Mayborough, 128-9.
Penrith, Arthur's Round Table at, 82;
Long Meg and her Daughters, 126 _et seq._;
mentioned by Camden, 127;
Mayborough, _ib._;
monolith, 128;
King Arthur's Round Table, _ib._;
plan of, _ib._;
history of monuments, 131;
Shap alignment not Druidical, _ib._;
nor sepulchral, _ib._;
at least not the cemetery of Shap, _ib._;
marks battle-field, 132;
victory over Saxons, perhaps, _ib._;
objections, 132-3;
monuments near, mark victories of Arthur, 132.
Pentre Ifan dolmen, 168.
'Periplus,' the, cited, 459.
Perthes, M. Boucher de, "find" by, on the Somme, 16.
Peru, carved stone monuments in, 518;
resemble Pelasgic and Tyrrhenian, _ib._
Peshawur dolmen, 443;
circle, 452;
and at Deh Ayeh, 453;
hewn-stone circles ascribed to Caons or giants, 453;
if other dolmens in the East? 454.
Peti or Picts, 248-9.
_See_ Pape.
Petrie, Dr., his useful but interrupted services in Ireland, 175;
observations of, as to cairn Listoghil, 181;
Moytura, 181 _et seq._;
Tara, 193;
introduction of writing into Ireland, 196;
Oghams, _ib._;
Knowth, 201;
cited as to Talten, 219;
style of Irish monuments, 238;
his excavations in the Orkneys, 249;
his suggestion as to Moytura, 280.
Phayre, Sir Arthur, on circle at Peshawur, 452.
Phœnicians, Romans, and Greeks of Marseilles, their influence upon
architecture of rude nations, 508.
Phœnicians, voyages of, to Cornwall, 38;
written characters at New Grange, 207;
not builders of rude-stone monuments, 409.
Picardy, remains of Cave men in, 329.
Pictland, features of, 58.
Picts, origin and relations with Irish and Gauls, 267;
their capitals, 271;
language, _ib._
Pierre branlante, Brittany, 348.
Pierre Martine, rocking stone, 347-8.
Pilgrim Scandinavian pirates, 244.
Pit-markings, 424.
Plas Newydd dolmen, 167-9.
Pliny, _see_ Cæsar.
Plouharnel, double dolmen at, 358.
Poitiers, demi-dolmen, 346.
Poitou, Cave men's remains in, 329.
Poland and Posen, no dolmens in, 301.
Pomerania, dolmens in, 301.
Portugal, writers on its rude-stone monuments, 377;
dolmens, _ib._;
Strabo, an authority for its dolmens, _ib._;
Cuneus, 378;
distribution of dolmens, _ib._;
throws light upon theories, _ib._;
course taken by dolmen race, 378 _et seq._;
Arroyolos, dolmen at, 389.
Posen, _see_ Poland.
Pownall, Governor, his disquisition upon marks at New Grange, 202, 207.
Pregel, dolmens on, 301.
Prehistoric prejudices, 406.
_See_ International.
Preissac, alignment at, 368.
Pre-Roman theory, 373.
Progressive theory, 406.
Prussia, dolmens rare in, 301.
Prussian Saxony, _see_ Saxony.
Priam's house of brass, 35.
Prinsep, Mr., his translation of an edict of Asoka, 498.
Priority of dates, _see_ Dates.
Ptolemy, mentioned in edict of Indian Prince, 498.
Pullicondah, cairn or dolmen, 491.
Puri, temple of Juggernaut at, 460.
Pyramids, inference as to climate from pictures in, 17;
date of that at Gizeh, 31;
antecedent structures supposed, _ib._;
contain tombs true and false, 46;
probable date of, 408.
Pytheas, visit of, to Cimbrian Chersonese, 38.

QUEEN Charlotte's Sound, whether natives a race of mound-builders, 517.

RACE, inference as to, from use of circles, 163;
of dolmens, _ib._;
of circles and dolmens, _ib._;
divisions of, in Britain by Tacitus, 162;
inference from simultaneous monuments of three kinds in Ireland as to
races, 238;
relations of Picts with Irish and Gaels, shown by comparison of
monuments, 267, 271;
circle-building and dolmen-building races, 274;
whence each came, and course which each took, _ib._;
dolmens, historic, 302;
distribution of, _ib._;
prehistoric theory leaves subject of races obscure, _ib._;
dolmen-building race not so ready converts to Christianity as the
Celts, 328;
inference from church architecture in South of France, 332;
and Protestant feeling in South of France, _ib._;
non-progressive, _ib._;
Cimbri, Celts, and Gauls, 333;
Cimbri and Aquitani related, _ib._;
race traced by dolmens from Brittany to Narbonne, 334;
Iberians, Celtiberians, Turanians, 379;
disturbed by Carthaginians, 379;
Romans, 380;
Moors, their easy conquest of Spain, how accounted for, 381;
Spanish settlers in Ireland and Britain, _ib._;
Tara, 382;
Lia Fail, _ib._;
Heremon, 381-3;
ethnography of North Africa, 406, _et seq._;
different theories as to, _ib._;
connexion between races on the northern and southern sides of
Mediterranean, 408;
chief race in India, 458;
Bhil, Cole, Gond, and Toda, non-progressive, 459;
Hindus not immutable, _ib._;
inference from style of architecture, 495;
peopling of America, 516;
by what way, 516;
Mound-builders, Redmen, Hydahs, 517;
Aztecs and Toltecs, 515;
Pastoral or Agricultural races, ditto Hunters in North America, _ib._
Race-course, notion that alignments at Stonehenge were, 111.
Raguhilda, wife of Eric, 250.
Rail, Sanchi, 492.
Rajagriha, convocation at, 501.
Rajpootana, pertinacity of Bhil usages, 459.
Rajunkoloor, 468 _et seq._
Ramayana, the date of, 455.
Ramé, M., describes alignment at Gré de Cojou, 377.
Rath at Dowth, residence of the Dagdha, 195.
Rath of Leoghaire, 195;
singular direction by him as to his burial, _ib._
Rath of Queen Meave, 193.
Rath na Riogh, 194;
resembles Avebury, _ib._
Rathcrogan, supposed burial-place of Queen Meave, 183.
Rayne, old circle at, 263.
Rectangular dolmens, 313.
_See_ Dolmens.
Redmen of North America, 517;
not mound-builders, _ib._
Redstone pillar, 200.
Relic worship in the East, 503.
Relig na Riogh, Dathi's burial-place, 200.
Rhind, Mr., his bequest for Professorship
of Archæology in Scotland, 239;
paper on ortholithic remains in Africa, 395-7.
Ribroit, Arthur's tenth battle there, 137.
Rickman, his perception of progress and sequence in monuments, 113;
value of his process in fixing dates, 114.
Ring Sigurd, 280;
saga as to, 282.
Ringham Low, group, 139.
_See_ Derbyshire.
Rocking stones, 347.
Rodmarton, chambered tumulus, 166;
post-Roman, 289;
holes in entrance, resembles Kerlescant, 357.
Roeskilde, dolmen in square, 307.
Rolley Lowe, 12.
Rollo in England, 126.
Rollright, circle at, 124;
obeliscal stone, _ib._;
dolmen, _ib._;
examined by R. Sheldon, 125;
unimportance of monuments there, _ib._;
whether sepulchral, _ib._;
assigned by Camden to Rollo, 126.
Roman coins, find of, in Ireland, 166.
_See_ Coins, Finds.
Roman pottery found at Stonehenge, 105;
inference from, 106.
_See_ Finds.
Roman road at Silbury Hill, 81;
argument from its state, 82;
and of that at Hakpen Hill, 83.
Romans, Stonehenge assigned to, by Inigo Jones, 3;
in England, 96;
effect of Roman art upon British civilization, _ib._;
and architecture, 394;
in Africa, 414;
pressure of, upon Etruria, 393.
Ronalds, Mr., his engraving of Carnac, 350.
Rooke, Mr., his account of Stanton Moor, 146;
snaffle-bit found by, 156.
Rose Hill tumulus, 155.
_See_ Circles, Small, 155.
Ros-na-righ, who buried there, 212.
Ross County, North America, sacred enclosures in, 511.
Rothiemay circle, 263.
Round tower, _see_ Tower.
Roy's, General, 'Military Antiquities of Romans' cited as to circle at
Wood Castle, 129.
Rude-Stone monuments erected even where letter inscriptions and carving
practised, 273;
none in the valleys of Scheldt and Rhine, 323;
sometimes comparatively modern, 406;
result sometimes of fashion, 408;
Aryans and pure Dravidians or Tamulians not builders of, in India,
447-8.
Rudeness of monument, what it proves, 100.
Rügen, island of, dolmens in, 301.
Runes on menhirs, 29;
Maes-Howe, 246-8, 251;
Isle of Man, 273.