Chapter III: Pastoral Tribes

§ 1. Capital and labour among pastoral tribes 262

List of positive and negative cases 262.—Non-existence of slavery
not due to an isolated or powerless state of the tribes concerned
263.—Can the positive cases be accounted for by the existence of
agriculture among some pastoral tribes? 263.—Survey of slave labour
among pastoral tribes 263,—and cattle-breeding agriculturists
265.—Slaves not only kept for agricultural purposes 266.—Among true
pastoral tribes slavery, as a system of labour, is of little moment
267.—Subsistence among pastoral tribes entirely dependent on
capital 268.—Wealth and poverty. Free labourers very frequent
268.—The same may be observed among cattle-breeding agriculturists
272.—The characteristic of pastoral life is not the existence of
wealth, but of poverty 272.—Pastoral life does not require much
labour; the men are often very lazy 273.—Among the Larbas pastoral
life is not so easy; but it is warriors who are wanted here, rather
than labourers 275.—In North-east Africa subjection of tribes en
bloc serves as a substitute for slavery 276.—The same is the case
among some pastoral tribes outside North-east Africa 280.

§ 2. Slavery among pastoral tribes 280

We have still to account for the positive cases. We shall first
investigate the influence of secondary internal causes 281.—1º
Slaves sometimes perform domestic, i.e. female labour 281.—2º
Preserving of food has no influence 281.—3º Slavery does not seem
to serve commercial purposes 281.—4º Slaves are often employed in
warfare. Pastoral tribes live in rather small, independent groups;
this, together with their warlike habits, makes reinforcement of
the family desirable 282.—Slaves are also kept as a luxury
284.—Slaves preferred to free servants 284.—What is the difference
between the slave-keeping and the other pastoral tribes? 286.—The
difference consists in external circumstances, of which the
principal are the slave-trade and the neighbourhood of inferior
races 286.—Pastoral tribes are in a state of equilibrium; a small
additional circumstance turns the balance 289.—Recapitulation 290.