Chapter VI: Part 6

[99] I am informed by Prof. Cyrus Thomas that he noticed in the collection of Mr. Neff. Gambier, Ohio, a “boat-shape stone” attached to the underside of a stone pipe, which the owner informed him was thus attached when found.

[100] Evans; Stone Implements, p. 383.

[101] Amer. Antiquarian, vol. II, p. 100.

[102] Expl. in the Valley of the Amazon, vol. II, p. 74.

[103] Indian Tribes, vol. I, p. 90.

[104] Amer. Naturalist, vol. VII, p. 180.

[105] Flint Chips, p. 478.

[106] MS. Rept. on Shell Mounds of Oregon.

[107] Some perforated stones that will not come under any of these heads are here noted separately under the National Museum numbers:

131614. An elliptical piece of steatite, with notches at each end for suspension, “tallies” all around the edge, and four holes on the longer axis.--Bradley county, Tennessee.

62879. A steatite ornament, shape like a bird’s head.--Jefferson county, Tennessee.

131856. A short, wedge-shape ornament of barite, drilled at the larger end.--Loudon county, Tennessee; also a similar but much larger ornament of indurated red clay, possibly catlinite, from a mound in the same county, represented in figure 149. The edges of the holes are much worn by a cord.

90847. A small ellipsoidal steatite bead, with several deep incisions around the edge.--Kanawha valley, West Virginia.

116335. A small marble bead; form like the rim of a bottle mouth.--Bradley county, Tennessee.

113943. Three small pendants of cannel coal. One is in shape like the keystone of an arch, with hole at smaller end; the other two are apparently in imitation of a bear’s tusk.--Kanawha valley, West Virginia.

91761. A limestone celt, 6½ inches long, either much weathered since made or else never highly polished, with a large hole drilled in from both sides at the center.--Bartow county, Georgia.

116067. A sandstone celt, with a hole drilled near one corner at the top.--Loudon county, Tennessee.

97764. A large polished piece of steatite, curved from end to end, or claw-shaped. One end is pointed; the other blunt and rounded, with a hole drilled through it.--Caldwell county, North Carolina.

[108] Gillman, H.; in Smithsonian Report for 1873, p. 371.

[109] Primitive Industry, p. 371.

[110] Antiq. of the Southern Indians, p. 30.

[111] Schoolcraft; Indian Tribes, vol. I p. 212.

[112] Schumacher, Paul; Hayden Surv., Bull. 3, 1877, p. 548.

[113] Indian Tribes, vol. I, p. 253.

[114] Contributions to N.A. Eth., vol. III, p. 426.

[115] Native Races, vol. I, p. 589.

[116] Ibid., p. 566.

[117] Antiquities of the Southern Indians, pp. 362-364.

[118] Hoffman, W. J.; "The Midē´wiwin of the Ojibwa." Seventh Annual Rep. Bur. Eth., 1885-86, p. 278, pl. XVIII.

[119] Amer. Antiquarian, vol. II, p. 154.

[120] Peabody Mus., 11th Ann. Rept., p. 268.

[121] Dodge; Our Wild Indians, p. 130.

[122] De Forest, J. W.; History of Indians of Conn., p. 5.

[123] Peabody Mus., 11th Ann. Rept., p. 271.

[124] Fossil Men, p. 125.

[125] Fossil Men., p. 119.

[126] Proc. A. A. A. S., vol. XXXI, p. 592.

[127] Since this was written several thousand specimens have been found in a small mound near Chillicothe, Ohio. The nearest point at which similar material is known to exist is between Corydon and Leavenworth, Indiana.

[128] Flint Chips, p. 442.

[129] Amer. Naturalist, vol. IV, p. 140.

[130] Last Rambles Among the Indians, p. 187.

[131] Journal Anth. Ins. Gt. Br. and Ird., vol XI, p. 447.

[132] Anthropology, p. 245.

[133] Jewitt, Llewellyn; Grave-mounds and their Contents, p. 121.

[134] Stone Implements, p. 374.

[135] Op. cit., p. 245.

[136] Stone Implements, p. 36 (from Craveri).

[137] Stone Implements, p. 36 (from De Pourtales).

[138] Ibid., p. 35 (from Belcher).

[139] Ibid., p. 38.

[140] Crook in Smithsonian Report for 1871, p. 420.

[141] Catlin; Last Rambles, pp. 184, 185.

[142] Ibid., p. 290.

[143] Stevens; Flint Chips, p. 81 (from Belcher).

[144] Ibid., p. 84.

[145] Powers in Contributions to N. A. Eth., vol. III, p. 104.

[146] Ibid., p 374.

[147] Bancroft; Native Races, vol. I, p. 342.

[148] Schoolcraft; Indian Tribes, vol. I, p. 212.

[149] Beckwith in Rep. Pac. R. R. Survey, vol. II, p. 43.

[150] History of Virginia.

[151] Redding in Amer. Naturalist, vol. XIII, p. 665.

[152] Cheever in ibid., vol. IV, p. 139.

[153] Cited by Stevens, Flint Chips, p. 78.

[154] Hayden Survey, Bull. 3, 1877, p. 547.

[155] MS. account of the Shell Mounds of Oregon.

[156] Prehistoric America, p. 170.

[157] Smithsonian Report for 1871, p. 420.

[158] MS. Shell Mounds of Oregon.

[159] Flint Chips, p. 77.

[160] Prehistoric Times, p. 106 (from Dodge and Blackmore).

[161] Contributions to N. A. Eth., vol. III, p. 104.

[162] History of Mankind, p. 188.

[163] Adair; American Indians, p. 403.

[164] Adair; American Indians, p. 410.

[165] Cheever in Amer. Naturalist, vol. IV, p. 139.

[166] The section below shows this more plainly.

[167] Amer. Naturalist, vol. X, p. 116.

[168] Indian Tribes, vol. II, p. 74, fig. 5.

[169] Nat. Hist, of N. C., p. 318.

[170] League of the Iroquois, p. 359.

[171] Anahuac, p. 332.

[172] Bourke, John G.; Snake Dance of the Moquis, p. 251. See also Dodge; Our Wild Indians, plate 5.

[173] Long; Exp. to Rocky Mountains, vol. I, p. 290. Dodge; Our Wild Indians, p. 418.

[174] Prehistoric Times, p. 122.

[175] Holub, E., in Jour. Anth. Inst. Gt. Br. and Ird., vol. X, p. 460.

[176] Stone Implements, p. 48.

[177] Native Races, vol. I, p. 189.

[178] Hayden Surv., Bul. 3, 1877, p. 43.

[179] Brickell; Nat. Hist. of N. C., p. 339.

[180] Antiq. of the Southern Indians, p. 230.

[181] Stone Implements, p. 46.

[182] Stevens; Flint Chips, p. 96. Tylor; Early History of Mankind, p. 188.

[183] It would seem that in using a wood or horn drill, water would be a disadvantage, as the drill would swell and wear rapidly away when wet, thus choking the bore. The sand also would be forced into the drill instead of sticking to its surface, thus being less effective.

[184] Quoted by Dawson; Fossil Men, p. 124.

[185] Evans; Stone Implements, p. 353.

[186] Stone Implements.

[187] Hayden Survey, 1872, p. 653.

[188] Smithsonian Report for 1879, p. 236.

[189] Ibid, 1870, p. 390.

[190] Our Wild Indians, p. 256.

[191] Gillespie, Dr. W.; Jour. Anth. Inst. Gt. Br. and Ird., vol. VI, p. 260.

[192] Indian Tribes, vol I, p. 253.

[193] Nilsson; Stone Age, p. 46.

[194] Stone Implements, p. 256.

[195] Stone Implements, p. 263.

[196] Ibid., pp. 20, 23, and 35.

[197] Anahuac, p. 99.

[198] Ibid, pp. 231, 232 (note).

[199] Stone Age, p. 261 (note).

[200] Amer. Naturalist, vol. XIII, p. 665.

[201] Hayden Survey, Bul. 3, 1877, p. 547.

[202] Flint Chips, p. 77.

[203] Contributions to N. A. Eth., vol. III, p. 104.

[204] Native Races, vol. I, p. 342.

[205] Schoolcraft; Indian Tribes, vol. I, p. 212.

[206] Stevens; Flint Chips, p. 78 (from Powers).

[207] Catlin; Last Rambles Among the Indians, p. 187.

[208] Indian Tribes, vol. III, p. 467.

[209] Stone Implements, p. 17.

[210] League of the Iroquois, p. 358.

[211] Indian Tribes, vol. I, p. 213.

[212] Cont. to N. A. Eth., vol. III, p. 52.

[213] League of the Iroquois, pp. 306, 308.

[214] Amer. Nat., vol. IV, p. 140.

[215] Our Wild Indians, p. 418.

[Transcriber’s Note:

Inconsistent spelling and hyphenation are as in the original.]