Chapter XXXII: Part VIII: Eschatology, or the Doctrine of Final Things (8)

Shedd, Dogm. Theology, 2:671—“Vicarious atonement is incompatible
with universal salvation. The latter doctrine implies that
suffering for sin is remedial only, while the former implies that
it is retribution.... If the sinner himself is not obliged by
justice to suffer in order to satisfy the law he has violated,
then certainly no one needs suffer for him for this purpose.”
Sonnet by Michael Angelo: “Now hath my life across a stormy sea
Like a frail bark reached that wide port where all Are bidden, ere
the final reckoning fall Of good and evil for eternity. Now know I
well how that fond fantasy, Which made my soul the worshiper and
thrall Of earthly art, is vain; how criminal Is that which all men
seek unwillingly. Those amorous thoughts that were so lightly
dressed—What are they when the double death is nigh? The one I
know for sure, the other dread. Painting nor sculpture now can
lull to rest My soul that turns to his great Love on high, Whose
arms, to clasp us, on the Cross were spread.”

(_c_) The fear of future punishment, though not the highest motive, is yet a proper motive, for the renunciation of sin and the turning to Christ. It must therefore be appealed to, in the hope that the seeking of salvation which begins in fear of God’s anger may end in the service of faith and love.

_Luke 12:4, 5_—“_And I say unto you my friends, Be not afraid of
them that kill the body, and after that have no more that they can
do. But I will warn you whom ye shall fear: Fear him, who after he
hath killed hath power to cast into hell; yea, I say unto you,
Fear him_”; _Jude 23_—“_and some save, snatching them out of the
fire._” It is noteworthy that the Old Testament, which is
sometimes regarded, though incorrectly, as a teacher of fear, has
no such revelations of hell as are found in the New. Only when
God’s mercy was displayed in the Cross were there opened to men’s
view the depths of the abyss from which the Cross was to save
them. And, as we have already seen, it is not Peter or Paul, but
our Lord himself, who gives the most fearful descriptions of the
suffering of the lost, and the clearest assertions of its eternal
duration.

Michael Angelo’s picture of the Last Judgment is needed to prepare
us for Raphael’s picture of the Transfiguration. Shedd, Dogm.
Theology, 2:752—“What the human race needs is to go to the divine
Confessional.... Confession is the only way to light and peace....
The denial of moral evil is the secret of the murmuring and
melancholy with which so much of modern letters is filled.”
Matthew Arnold said to his critics: “Non me tua fervida terrent
dicta; Dii me terrent et Jupiter hostis”—“I am not afraid of your
violent judgments; I fear only God and his anger.” _Heb.
10:31_—“_It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the
living God._” Daniel Webster said: “I want a minister to drive me
into a corner of the pew, and make me feel that the devil is after
me.”

(_d_) In preaching this doctrine, while we grant that the material images used in Scripture to set forth the sufferings of the lost are to be spiritually and not literally interpreted, we should still insist that the misery of the soul which eternally hates God is greater than the physical pains which are used to symbolize it. Although a hard and mechanical statement of the truth may only awaken opposition, a solemn and feeling presentation of it upon proper occasions, and in its due relation to the work of Christ and the offers of the gospel, cannot fail to accomplish God’s purpose in preaching, and to be the means of saving some who hear.

_Acts 20:31_—“_Wherefore watch ye, remembering that by the space
of three years I ceased not to admonish every one night and day
with tears_”; _2 Cor. 2:14‐17_—“_But thanks be unto God, who
always leadeth us in triumph in Christ, and maketh manifest
through us the savor of his knowledge in every place. For we are a
sweet savor of Christ unto God, in them that are being saved, and
in them that are perishing; to the one a savor from death unto
death; to the other a savor from life unto life. And who is
sufficient for these things? For we are not as the many,
corrupting the word of God: but as of sincerity, but as of God, in
the sight of God, speak we in Christ_”; _5:11_—“_Knowing therefore
the fear of the Lord, we persuade men, but we are made manifest
unto God; and I hope that we are made manifest also in your
consciences_”; _1 Tim. 4:16_—“_Take heed to thyself and to thy
teaching. Continue in these things; for in doing this thou shalt
save both thyself and them that hear thee._”

“Omne simile claudicat” as well as “volat”—“Every simile halts as
well as flies.” No symbol expresses all the truth. Yet we need to
use symbols, and the Holy Spirit honors our use of them. It is
“_God’s good pleasure through the foolishness of the preaching to
save them that believe_” (_1 Cor. 1:21_). It was a deep sense of
his responsibility for men’s souls that moved Paul to say: “_woe
is unto me, if I preach not the gospel_” (_1 Cor. 9:16_). And it
was a deep sense of duty fulfilled that enabled George Fox, when
he was dying, to say: “I am clear! I am clear!”

So Richard Baxter wrote: “I preached as never sure to preach
again. And as a dying man to dying men.” It was Robert McCheyne
who said that the preacher ought never to speak of everlasting
punishment without tears. McCheyne’s tearful preaching of it
prevailed upon many to break from their sins and to accept the
pardon and renewal that are offered in Christ. Such preaching of
judgment and punishment were never needed more than now, when lax
and unscriptural views with regard to law and sin break the force
of the preacher’s appeals. Let there be such preaching, and then
many a hearer will utter the thought, if not the words, of the
Dies Iræ, 8‐10—“Rex tremendæ majestatis, Qui salvandos salvas
gratis, Salva me, fons pietatis. Recordare, Jesu pie, Quod sum
causa tuæ viæ: Ne me perdas ilia die. Quærens me sedisti lassus,
Redemisti crucem passus: Tautus labor non sit cassus.” See
Edwards, Works, 4:226‐321; Hodge, Outlines of Theology, 459‐468;
Murphy, Scientific Bases of Faith, 310, 319, 464; Dexter, Verdict
of Reason; George, Universalism not of the Bible; Angus, Future
Punishment; Jackson, Bampton Lectures for 1875, on the Doctrine of
Retribution; Shedd, Doctrine of Endless Punishment, preface, and
Dogm. Theol., 2:667‐754.

INDEXES.

The author acknowledges his great indebtness to the Reverend Robert Kerr Eccles, M. D., of Lemoore, California, for the preparation of the exceedingly full and valuable Indexes which follow, and a similar obligation to Mr. Herman K. Phinney, Assistant Librarian of the University of Rochester, for his care in the proof‐reading of the whole work.

Index Of Subjects.

Ability, gracious, 602, 640
natural, of New School, 640, 641
not test of sin, 558
Pelagian, 640

Abiogenesis, 389

Absolute, its denotation, 9
as applied to divine attributes, 249
how related to finite, 58, 255
Reason, an, the postulate of logical thought, 60

Abydos, triad of, 351

_Acceptilatio_, the Grotian, 740

Acquittal of believing sinners, from punishment, 854

Action, divine, not _in distantia_, 418

Acts, evil, God’s concurrence with, 418

_Ad aperturam libri_, 32

Adam, his original righteousness not immutable, 519
had power of contrary choice, 519
not created undecided, 519
his love, God‐given, 519
his exercise of holy will not meritorious, 520
unfallen, according to Romish theologians, 520
his physical perfection, 523
unfallen, according to Fathers and Scholastics, 523
his relations to lower creation, 524
his relations to God, 524
his surroundings and society, 525
the test of his virtue, 526
physical immortality possible to, 527
his Fall, see Fall.
his twofold death, resulting from Fall, 590
his communion with God interrupted, 592
his banishment from God, 593
imputation of his sin to his posterity, see Imputation.
in him “the natural,” had he continued upright, might without death have
obtained “the spiritual,” 658
was Christ in, 759
Christ, the Last, 678
Christ, the Second, 680

Adoption, what?, 857

_Aequale temperamentum_, 523

Affections, 362, 815
holy, authors on, 826

Agency, free, and divine decrees, 359‐362

Alexander, unifier of Greek East, 668

Allegorical arrangement in theology, 50

_Allœosis_, 686

Altruism, 299

Ambition, what? 569

American theology, 48, 49

_Anacoloutha_, Paul’s, 210

Analytical method, in theology, 45, 49

Ancestry of race, proofs of a common, 476‐482

“Angel of the church,” 452, 916

“Angel of Jehovah,” 319

Angelology of Scripture, not derived from Egyptian or Persian sources, 448

“Angels’ food,” 445

Angels, their class defined, 443
Scholastic subtleties regarding, their influence, 443, 444
Milton and Dante upon, 443
their existence a scientific possibility, 444
faith in, enlarges conception of universe, 444
list of authors upon, 444
Scriptural statements and intimations concerning, 441‐459
are created beings, 444
are incorporeal, 445
are personal, 445
possessed of superhuman intelligence, 445
distinct from and older than man, 445
not personifications, 445
numerous, 447
are a company, not a race, 447
were created holy, 450
had a probation, 450
some preserved their integrity, 450
some fell from innocence, 450
the good, confirmed in goodness, 450
the evil, confirmed in evil, 450

Angels, good, they stand worshiping God, 451
they rejoice in God’s works, 451
they work in nature, 451
they guide nations, 451
watch over interests of churches, 452
assist individual believers, 452
punish God’s enemies, 452
ministers of God’s special providences, 452
act within laws of spiritual and moral world, 453
their influence illustrated by psychic phenomena, 453, 454

Angels, evil, oppose God, 454
hinder man’s welfare, 455
tempt negatively and positively, 455
their intercourse with Christ, 456
execute God’s will, 457
their power not independent of human will, 457
limited by permissive will of God, 458
the doctrine of, not opposed to science, 459
not opposed to right views of space or spirit, 459
not impossible that, though wise, they should rebel, 460
the continuance and punishment of evil, not inconsistent with divine
benevolence, 461
their organization, though sinful, not impossible, 461
the doctrine of evil, not hurtful, 461, 462
the doctrine of evil, does not degrade man, 462
good, the doctrine of, its uses, 462
evil, the doctrine of, its uses, 463
fallen, if no redemption provided for, why? 463
created in Christ, 464
their salvation, Scripture silent upon, 464

Anger, sometimes a duty, 294

Annihilation, of infants, held by Emmons, 609
at death, inequitable, 987, 1036
disproved by Scripture, 991‐998
terms which seemingly teach, 993
language adduced to prove, often metaphorical, 994
old view of, 1036
the theory that it is a result of the weakening of powers of soul by
sin, considered, 1036
“second death” regarded as dissolution of the soul, 1036
the theory that a positive punishment proportioned to guilt precedes and
ends in, 1037
the tenet of, rests on a defective view of holiness, 1037
a part of the “conditional immortality” hypothesis, 1037
as connected with the principle, “Evil is punished by its own increase,”
1038

Annihilationists, 487

“Answer (Interrogation) of a good conscience,” phrase examined, 821

Anthropological argument for God’s existence, 80‐85

Anthropological method in theology, 50

Anthropology, a division of theology, 464

Anthropomorphism, 122, 250

“Anthropomorphism inverse,” 468

Antichrist, 1009

“Anticipative consequences,” 403, 658

Antinomianism, 875

Antiquity of race, relation of Scripture to, 224‐226

Apocalypse, its exegetic not yet found, 1014

Apocrypha, 115, 150, 865

Apollinarianism, 487, 670, 671

Apostasy, man’s state of, 533‐664

Apostasy of the believer, how treated in Scripture, 884‐886

_A posteriori_ reasoning, 66, 86

Apostles, 199‐201, 909, 971

_Apotelesmaticum genus_, 686

_A priori_ argument for God’s existence, the, see God.
judgments, 10
reasons for expecting a divine revelation, 111‐114

_Arbitrium_, 557

Argument _ad hominem_ in Scripture, 233
for existence of God, its value, 65‐67, 71, 72, 87‐89

Arianism, 328‐330, 670

Arminianism, 362, 601‐606

Arrangement of material in theology, 2, 49, 50

Art, 529, 1016

Aryan and Semitic languages, their connection, 479

Ascension, Christ’s, 708‐710
Christ’s humanity, how related to the Logos in, 709

Aseity of God, 256, 257
not confined to Father, 342

_Assensus_, an element in faith, 837

Assurance of salvation, 808, 845

“Asymptote of God,” man, the, 565

Athanasian Creed, 329

Atoms, 96, 374

Atomism, 600, 635

Atonement, facts in Christ’s sufferings which prove, 713
defined, 713
satisfies holiness, the fundamental attribute of God, 713
meets the conditions of a universe in which happiness is connected with
righteousness and suffering with sin, 714
in it Christ as Logos, the Revealer of God in the universe, inflicts the
penalty of sin, while, as Life of humanity, he endures the
infliction, 714
humanity has made, when righteousness in Christ, as generic humanity,
condemns sin, and love in Christ endures the penalty, 714
substitutionary and sharing, 715
in, Christ suffers as the very life of man, 715
not made, but revealed, by Christ’s historical sufferings, 715
the sacrifice of, the final revelation of the heart of God and of the
law of universal life, 716
a model of, and stimulus to, self‐sacrifice, 716
its subjective effects must not exclude consideration of its ground and
cause, 716
Scripture methods of representing, 716‐722
originates in God’s love and manifests it, 716
an example of disinterested love to secure our deliverance from
selfishness, 716, 717
a ransom in which death is the price paid, 717
an act of obedience to law, 717
an act of priestly mediation, 718‐728
a sin‐offering, 719
a propitiation, 719
a substitution, 720
correct views of, grounded on proper interpretation of the institution
of sacrifice, 721
is it to be interpreted according to notions derived from Jewish or
heathen sacrifices? 728
theories of, 728‐766
Socinian (example) theory, 728, 729
objections to above, 735‐740
Bushnellian (moral influence) theory, 733‐735
objections to above, 735‐740
Grotian (governmental) theory of, 740, 741
Irvingian (gradually extirpated depravity) theory of, 744, 745
objections to theory, 745‐747
Anselmic (commercial) theory of, 747, 748
Military theory of, 747
objections to, 748‐750
Criminal theory of, 748
the Ethical theory of, 750‐771
a true theory of, resolves two problems, 750, 751
grounded in holiness of God, 751
a satisfaction of an ethical demand of the divine nature, 751, 752, 753
substitution in, an operation of grace, 752
the righteousness of law maintained in, 752
maintains, as a first subordinate result, the interests of the divine
government, 753
provides, as a second subordinate result, for the needs of human nature,
753
the classical passage with reference to, 753
sets forth Christ as so related to humanity that he is under obligation
to pay and does pay, 754
explains how the innocent can suffer for the guilty in, 755, 756, 757
Andover theory of, 756
by one whose nature was purified, but his obligation to suffer
undiminished, 757
the guilt resting on Christ in, what it was, 645, 646, 757
as a member of the race, did he not suffer in, for his own sin?, 758
showed what had been in the heart of God from eternity, 758
explanations of Christ’s identification with humanity as a reason why he
made, 759‐761
exposition of 2 Cor. 5:21, 760
grounded in the holiness and love of God, 761
is accomplished through the solidarity of the race, and Christ the
common life, bearing guilt for men, 761
ground of, on the part of man, 761
rather revealed than made by incarnate Christ, 762, 763
Ethical theory of, philosophically correct, 764
combines the valuable elements of other theories, 764
shows most satisfactorily how demands of holiness are met, 764
presents only explanation of sacrificial rites and language, 765
alone gives proper place to death of Christ, 765
is best explanation of sufferings of Christ, 765
satisfies most completely the ethical demand of human nature, 765, 766
objected to, as inconsistent with God’s omnipotence or love, 766
objected to, as presented ideas mutually exclusive, 767
objected to, as obviating real propitiation, 768
objected to, as an act of injustice, 768
objected to, because transfer of punishment is impossible, 768, 769
objected to, because the remorse implied in it, was impossible to
Christ, 769
objected to, because sufferings finite in time cannot satisfy infinite
demands of law, 769, 770
objected to, that it renders Christ’s active obedience superfluous, 770
objected to, as immoral in tendency, 770
objected to, as requiring faith to complete a satisfaction which ought
to be itself perfect, 771
extent of, 771‐773
unlimited, 771
its application limited, 771
passages asserting its special efficacy, 771
passages asserting its sufficiency for all, 771
secures for all men delay in execution of sentence against sin, 772
has made objective provision for all, 772, 773
has procured for all incentives to repentance, 773
limited, advocates of, 773
universal, advocates of, 773

Attributes, divine, see God.
mental, higher than those of matter, inference from, 92

Aurignac Cave, its evidence doubtful, 532

Australian languages, their affinities, 479

Automatic, mental activity largely, 550

“Automatic excellence or badness,” 611

Avarice, defined, 569

Avatars, Hindu, 187
Christ’s incarnation unlike, 698

_Ayat_ of Koran, 213

Baalim, 318

Balaam, inspired, yet unholy, 207

Baptism and Lord’s Supper, only accounted for as monuments, 157
the formula of, correlates Christ’s name with God’s, 312
according to Romish church, 522
of Jesus, its import, 761, 762, 942
Christian, definition of, 931
instituted by Christ, 931
of universal and perpetual obligation, 931
ignored by Salvation Army and Society of Friends, 931
John’s recognized by Christ, 931, 932
John’s, was it a modification of a previously existing rite?, 931, 932
proselyte, its existence discussed, 931, 932
John’s, essentially Christian baptism, 732
made the law of the church, 932
Christian, complementally related to Lord’s Supper, is of equal
permanency, 932, 933
its mode, immersion, 933
meaning of its original word, according to Greek usage, 933, 934
meaning of original word as determined by contextual relation, 934
meaning of original word determined by voice used with ’water,’, 935
meaning of original word determined by prepositional connections, 935
meaning of original word derived from circumstances, 935
original meaning of word determined from figurative allusions, 936
original meaning of word determined by practice of early church, 936
occasional change in its mode permitted for seeming sufficient reason at
an early date, 936
original meaning of word determined by usage of Greek church, 937, 938
Dr. Dods’ statement as to its mode, 938
concession to its original method of observance in the introduction of
baptisteries or “fontgraves” into non Baptist places of
worship, 938
the church, being only an executive body, cannot modify Christ’s law
concerning, 939
the law of, fundamental, and therefore unalterable save by Legislator
himself, 939
any modification of, by church, implies unwisdom in Appointer of rite,
939
any change in mode vacates ordinance of its symbolic significance, 939
objections to its mode, immersion, 940
if its mode impracticable, ordinance not a duty, 940
when its mode dangerous, ordinance not to be performed, 940
the mode of baptism decently impressive, 940
the ordinance symbolizing suffering and death is consistently somewhat
inconvenient, 940
God’s blessing on an irregular administration of, no sanction of
irregularity, 940
its symbolism, 940‐945
what it symbolizes is general, 940
it symbolizes death and burial of Christ, 940
it symbolizes union with Christ, 941
it symbolizes atonement and redemption, 941
it symbolizes to the believer being baptized his spiritual death and
resurrection, 941
it symbolizes union of believers with each other, 942
it symbolizes the death and resurrection of the body, 942
the central truth, set forth by, 942
a correlative truth set forth by, 943
sets forth purification through communion with death of Christ, 944
symbolizes regenerating power of Jesus’ death, 944
immersion in, alone symbolizes the passage from death unto life in
regeneration and communion with Christ in his death and
rising, 944
the substituting for the correct mode of, one which excludes all
reference to Christ’s death destroys the ordinance, 944
is a historical monument, 945
is a pictorial expression of doctrine, 945
and Lord’s Supper, 945
subjects of, 945‐959
the proper subjects of, 945
those only to be baptized who have first been made disciples, 945
those only to be baptized who have repented and believed, 945
those only to be baptized who can be members of the church, 945
those only to be baptized for whom the symbolism is valid, 946
not a means of regeneration, 946
the spiritual and the ritual so combined in, that the whole ordinance
may be designated by its outward aspect, 946
as a being “born of water,” 946
connected with repentance “for the remission of sins,”, 946
without baptism, discipleship incomplete, and ineffective, 947
the teachings of Campbellism regarding, 947, 948
act of person baptized, 948
before it is administered, church should require evidence that
candidates are regenerated, 949
incorrectly called “door into the church,”, 949
as expressive of inward character of candidate, 950
as regeneration is once for all, baptism must not be repeated, 950
as outward expression of inward change, is the first of all duties, 950
should follow regeneration with least possible delay, 950
if an actual profession of faith, not to be repeated, 950
accessories to, matters of individual judgment, 951
its formula, 951
Infant, 951‐959
without warrant in scripture, 951
has no express command, 951
no clear example, 951
passages held to imply it, have no reference thereto, 951
expressly contradicted, 952
in it the prerequisites of faith and repentance impossible, 952
in it the symbolism of baptism has lost significance, 952
its practice inconsistent with constitution of the church, 952
is unharmonious with prerequisites to the Lord’s Supper, 952
has led in Greek Church to infant communion, 953
denied by the Paulicians, 953
the reasons of its rise and spread, 953
a necessary concomitant of a State Church, 954
founded on unscriptural and dangerous reasonings, 954
it assumes power of church to tamper with Christ’s commands, 954
contradicts New Testament ideas of church, 954
assumes a connection of parent and child closer and more influential
than facts of Scripture and experience will support, 954,
955
its propriety urged on various unsettled grounds, 956
does it make its subjects members of the church?, 956
its evil effects, 957‐959
forestalls any voluntary act, 957
induces superstitious confidence, 957
has led to baptism of irrational and material things, 957
has obscured and corrupted Christian truth, 958
is often an obstacle to evangelical views, 958
merges church in nation and world, 958
substitutes for Christ’s command an invention of men, 958, 959
literature concerning, 959

Baptismal Regeneration, 820‐822, 946, 947
literature upon, 948

Baptist Theology, 47

Baptists, English, 972, 977
Free Will, 972, 977, 979

Believers, and the “old man,”, 870
and the Intermediate State, 998, 999

_Bewusstsein_, in _Gottesbewusstsein_, 63

Bible, see Scripture.

Bishop, office of, early made sole interpreter of apostles, 912
in his progress from _primus inter pares_ to Christ’s vicegerent, 912
ordaining, his qualifications in Episcopal church, 913
“presbyter” and “pastor” designate same order, 914, 915
the duties of, 916, 917
ordination of, 918‐924

Blessedness, what?, 265
contrasted with glory, 265

Bodies, new, of saints, are confined to space, 1032

Body, image of God, mediately or _significative_, 523
honorable, 488
suggestions as to reason why given, 488
immortality of, sought by Egyptians, 995
not indispensable to activity and consciousness, 1000
spiritual, what it imports, 1016, 1021‐1023
resurrection of, see Resurrection.
same, though changed annually, 1020
a “flowing organism,”, 1021
to regard it as a normal part of man’s being, Scriptural and
philosophical, 1021, 1022

“Bond servant of sin,” what?, 509, 510

Book may be called by name of chief author, 239

Book of Mormon, 141
of Enoch, 165
of Judges, 166, 171
of the Law, its finding, 167

Books of O. T. quoted by Jesus, 199
of N. T. received and used, in 2d century, 146

Brahma, 181

Brahmanism, 181

Bread, in Lord’s Supper, its significance, 963
of life, 963

Brethren, Plymouth, 895, 896

Bride catching, not primeval, 528

“Brimstone and fire,” sin and conscience, 1049

Brute, conscious but not self conscious, 252, 467
cannot objectify self, 252, 467
is determined from without, 252, 468
none ever thought ’I,’ 467
has not apperception, 467
has no concepts, 467
has no language, 467
forms no judgments, 467
does not associate ideas by similarity, 467
cannot reason, 467
has no general ideas, 468
has no conscience, 468
has no religious nature, 468
man came not _from_ the, but _through_ the, 467

Buddha, 181, 182, 183

Buddhism, its grain of truth, 181
a missionary religion, 181
its universalism, 181
its altruism, 181
its atheism, 182
its fatalism, 182

“Buncombe,” 17

Burial of food and weapons with the dead body, why practiced by some
races, 532

Burnt offering, its significance, 726

Byzantine and Italian artists differ in their pictures of Jesus Christ,
678

Cæsar, writes in the third person, 151
unifier of the Latin West, 566
his words on passing the Rubicon, 1032

“Caged eagle theory” of man’s life, 560

Caiaphas, inspired yet unholy, 207

Cain, 477

Calixtus, his analytic method in systematic theology, 45, 46

Call to ministry, 919

Calling, efficacious, 777, 782, 790, 791, 793, 794
general or external, 791
is general, sincere?, 791, 792

Calvinism, in history, 368

Calvinistic and Arminian views, their approximation, 362, 368

Cambridge Platform, 923

“Carnal mind,” its meaning, 562

Carthage, Council of (397), and Epistle to the Hebrews, 152
Synod of (412), and Pelagius, 597

Caste, what?, 181
and Buddhism, 181
and Christianity, 898

Casualism, 427, 428

Casuistry, non scriptural, 648

Catacombs, 191

Catechism, Roman, on _originalis justitiæ donum additum_, 522
Westminster Assembly’s, on Infant Baptism, 957

Causality, its law, 73
does not require a first cause, 74

Cause and effect, simultaneity of, 793

Cause, equivalent to ’requisite,’, 44
formal, 44
material, 44
efficient, 44
final, 44
can an infinite, be inferred from a finite universe? 79
when the efficient, gives place to the final? 125
various definitions of, 814, 815

Causes, Aristotle’s four, 44
an infinite series of, does not require a cause of itself, 74

Celsus, derides the same religion for many peoples, 192

Certainty not necessity, 362

Chalcedon (451) Symbol, on Mary as ’mother of God,’ 671, 686
condemned Eutychianism, 672
promulgated orthodox doctrine as to the Person of Christ, 673
its formula negative with a single exception, 673

Chance as a name for ignorance, term allowable, 428
as implying absence of causal connection in phenomena, not allowable,
428
as undesigning cause, insufficient, 428

Change, orderly, requires intelligent cause, 75

Character, helped by systematic truth, 16
changed rather than expressed by some actions, 360
what it is, 506, 600
how a man may change, 507
extent of one’s responsibility for, 605
sinning makes, 1041
sinful, renders certain continuance in sinful actions, 1041
dependent on habit, 1049

Chastisement, not punishment, 654, 766

Cherubim, 449, 593

Child, unborn, has promise and potency of spiritual manhood, 644
individuality of the, 492
visited for sins of fathers, 634

Chiliasts in all ages, 1007

Chinese, their religion a survival of patriarchial family worship, 180
their history, its commencement, 225
may have left primitive abodes while language still monosyllabic, 478

Choice, of an ultimate end, 504
of means, 504
decision in favor of one among several conflicting desires, 505, 506
not creation, our destiny, 508
New School idea of, 550
first moral, 611
evil, uniformity of, what it implies, 611
contrary, possessed by Adam, 519
not essential to will, 600
as at present possessed by man, 605
God’s, see Election.

Christ, his person and character must be historical, 186

Christ, no source for conception of, other than himself, 187
conception of, could not originate in human genius, 187
acceptance of the story of, a proof of his existence, 187
some of the difficulties in which the assumption that the story of, is
false, lands us, 188
if the story of, is true, Christianity is true, 188
his testimony to himself, its substance, 189
his testimony to himself, not that of an intentional deceiver, 189
his testimony to himself, not that of insanity or vanity, 189
if neither mentally nor morally unsound, his testimony concerning
himself is true, 190
in his sympathy and sorrow reveals God’s feeling, 266
the whole Christ present in each believer, 281
his supreme regard for God, 302
recognized as God in certain passages, 305‐308
some passages once relied on to prove his divinity now given up for
textual reasons, 308
Old Testament descriptions of God applied to him, 309
possesses attributes of God, 309
undelegated works of God are ascribed to him, 310
receives honor and worship due only to God, 311
his name associated on equality with that of God, 312
equality with God expressly claimed for him, 312
“_si non Deus, non bonus_,”, 313
proofs of his divinity in certain phrases applied to him, 313
his divinity corroborated by Christian experience, 313, 682
his divinity exhibited in hymns and prayers of church, 313
his divinity, passages which seem inconsistent with, how to be regarded,
314
as pre‐incarnate Logos, Angel of Jehovah, 319
in pre‐existent state, the Logos, 335
in pre‐existent state, the Image of God, 335
in pre‐existent state, the Effulgence of God, 335
the centrifugal action of Deity, 336
and Spirit, how their work differs, 338
his eternal Sonship, 340
if not God, cannot reveal him, 349
orders of creation to be united in, 444
his human soul, 493
his character convinces of sin, 539
he is the ideal and the way to it, 544
not law, “the perfect Image” of God, 548
his holiness, in what it consisted, 572
in Gethsemane felt for the race, 635
with him believers have a connection of spiritual life, 636
human nature in, may have guilt without depravity, 645
educator of the race, 666
the Person of, 669‐700
the doctrine of his Person stated, 669
a brief historical survey of the doctrine of his Person, 669
views of the Ebionites concerning, 669
reality of his body denied by Docetæ, 670
views of Arians concerning, 670
views of Apollinarians, 670, 671
views of Nestorians, 671, 672
views of Eutychians, 672
the two natures of, their integrity, 673
his humanity real, 673
is expressly called “a man,”, 673
his genealogies, 673
had the essential elements of human nature, 674
had the same powers and principles of normal humanity, 674
his elocution, 674
subject to the laws of human development, 675
in twelfth year seems to enter on consciousness of his divine Sonship,
675
suffered and died, 675
dies (Stroud) of a broken heart, 675
lived a life of faith and prayer, and study of Scripture, 675
the integrity of his humanity, 675‐681
supernaturally conceived, 675
free from hereditary depravity and actual sin, 676
his ideal human nature, 678
his human nature finds its personality in union with the divine, 679
his human nature germinal, 680
the “Everlasting Father,” 680
the Vine man, 680
Docetic doctrine concerning, confuted, 681
possessed a knowledge of his own deity, 681
exercised divine prerogatives, 682
in him divine knowledge and power, 682
union of two natures in his one person, 683‐700
possesses a perfect divine and human nature, 683, 684
proof of this union of natures in, 684
speaks of himself as a single person, 684
attributes of both his natures ascribed to one person, 684, 685
Scriptural representation of infinite value of atonement and union of
race with God prove him divine, 685
Lutheran view as to communion of natures in, 686
four _genera_ regarding the natures of Christ, 686
union of natures in, 686
theory of his incomplete humanity, 686
objections to this theory, 687, 688
theory of his gradual incarnation, 688, 689
objections to this view, 689‐691
real nature of union of persons in, 691‐700
importance of correct views of the person of, 691, 692
chief problems in the doctrine of the person of, 692
why the union of the natures in the person of Christ is inscrutable, 693
on what the possibility of the union of deity and humanity in his person
is grounded, 693, 694
no double personality in, 694‐696
union of natures in, its effect upon his humanity, 696, 697
union of natures in, its effect upon the divine, 697
this union of natures in the person of, necessary, 698
the union of natures in, eternal, 698, 699
the infinite and finite in, 699, 700
the two states of, 701‐710
the nature of his humiliation, 701‐706
not the union in him of Logos and human nature, 701
his humiliation did not consist in the surrender of the relative divine
attributes, 701
objections to above view, 701‐703
his humiliation consisted in the surrender of the independent exercise
of the Divine attributes, 703
his humiliation consisted in the assumption by the pre‐existent Logos of
the servant‐form, 703
his humiliation consisted in the submission of the Logos to the Holy
Spirit, 703
his humiliation consisted in the surrender as to his human nature of all
advantages accruing thereto from union with deity, 703, 704
the five stages of his humiliation, 704‐706
his state of exaltation, 706‐710
the nature of his exaltation, 706, 707
the stages of his exaltation, 707‐710
his quickening and resurrection, 707, 708
his ascension, 708‐710
his offices, 710‐776
his offices three, 710
his Prophetic work, 710‐713
prophet, its meaning as applied to him, 710
three methods of fulfilling the prophet’s office, 711
his preparatory work as Logos, 711
his ministry as incarnate, 711, 712
his ascended guidance and teaching of the church on earth, 712
his final revelation of the Father to the saints in glory, 712, 713
his Priestly office, 713‐775
in what respects he was a priest, 713
his atoning work, see Atonement.
as immanent in the universe, see Logos.
bearer of our humanity, life of our race, 715
his sufferings not atonement but revelation of atonement, 715
his death a moral stimulus to men, 716
did he ever utter the words “give his life a ransom for many”?, 717
did not preach, but established the gospel, 721
a noble martyr, 729
his death the central truth of Christianity, 733, 764
his death set forth by Baptism and Lord’s Supper, 733
the Great Penitent, 734, 737, 760
the Savior of all men, 739
refused “the wine mingled with myrrh,”, 742
never makes confession of sin, 746
a stumbling‐block to modern speculation, 746
had not hereditary depravity but guilt, 747, 762
was he slain by himself or another?, 747
does he suffer intensively the infinite punishment of sin?, 747
his obedience, active and passive, needed in salvation, 749, 770
died for all, 750
incorporate with humanity, became our substitute, 750
how “lifted up,”, 751
mediator between the just God and the merciful God, 754
in his organic union with the race is the vital relation which makes his
vicarious sufferings either possible or just, 754
as God immanent in humanity, is priest and victim, condemning and
condemned, atoning and atoned, 755
created humanity, and as immanent God sustains it, while it sins, thus
becoming responsible for its sin, 755, 769
as Logos smitten by guilt and punishment, 755
the “must be” of his sufferings, what?, 755
his race‐responsibility not destroyed by incarnation, or purification in
womb of Virgin, 756
his sufferings reveal the cross hidden in the divine love from
foundation of the world, 756, 763
in womb of Virgin purged from depravity, guilt and penalty remaining,
757, 759
the central brain of our race through which all ideas must pass, 757
his guilt, what?, 757
innocent in personal, but not race relations, 758
his secular and church priesthood, 758
did he suffer only for his own share in sin of the race?, 758
his incarnation an expression of a prior union with race beginning at
creation, 758
various explanations of his identification with race, 759
he longed to suffer, 759
he could not help suffering, 760
all nerves and sensibilities of race meet in him, 760
his place in 2 Cor. 5:21, 760, 761
when and how did he take guilt and penalty on himself, 761
import of his submission to John’s baptism, 762
was he unjustified till his death?, 762
his guilt first purged on Cross, 762
as incarnate, revealed, rather than made, atonement, 762
the personally unmerited sufferings of, the mystery of atonement, 768
may have felt remorse as central conscience of humanity, 769
his sufferings, though temporal, met infinite demands of law, 769
paid a penalty equivalent, though not identical, 769, 770
how Savior of all men, 772
specially Savior of those who believe, 773
his priesthood, everlasting, 773
as Priest he is intercessor, see Intercession.
his Kingly office, 775
his kingship defined, 775
his kingdom of power, 775
his kingdom of grace, 775, 776
the only instance of _Fortwirkung_ after death, 776
his kingdom of glory, 776
his kingdom, the antidote to despair concerning church, 776
his kingship, two practical remarks upon, 776
union with, see Union.
ascended, communicates life to church, 806
heathen may receive salvation from Christ without knowing giver or how
gift was purchased, 843
his sufferings secure acquittal from penalty of law, 858
his obedience secures reward of law, 858
union with, secures his life as dominant principle in soul, 860
his life in believer will infallibly extirpate all depravity, 860
“we in,” Justification, 862
“in us,” Sanctification, 862
his twofold work in the world, 869
a new object of attention to the believer, 873
union with, secures impartation of spirit of obedience, 875
his commands must not be modified by any church, 939
submitted to rites appointed for sinners, 943
God’s judicial activity exercised through, 1027
qualified by his two natures to act as judge, 1027
his body confined to space, 1032
his soul not limited to space, 1032

Christianity, its triumph over paganism, the wonder of history, 191‐193
its influence on civilization, 193, 194
its influence on individuals, 194, 195
submits to judgment by only test of a religion, not ideals, but
performances, 195
and pantheism, 282
circumstances favorable to its propagation, 666
Japanese objection to its doctrine of brotherhood, 898

Christological method in theology, 50

Christology, 665‐776

Chronology, schemes of, 224, 225

Church, its safety and aggressiveness dependent on sound doctrine, 18
its relation to truth, 33
polity and ordinances of, their purpose, 546
a prophetic institution, 712
doctrine of the, 887‐980
constitution of the, or its Polity, 887‐929
in its largest signification, 887
and kingdom, difference between, 887, 889
definition of, in Westminster Confession, 887
the universal, includes all believers, 888
universal, the body of Christ, 888
a transcendent element in, 888
union with Christ, the presupposition of, 888
the indwelling Christ, its elevating privilege, 888
the universal or invisible distinguished from the local or visible, 889
individual, defined, 890
the laws of Christ on which church gathered, 890
not a humanitarian organization, 890
the term employed in a loose sense, 891
significance of the term etymologically, 891
the secular use of its Greek form, 891
used as a generic or collective term, 891
the Greek term translated, its derivation, 891
applied by a figure of rhetoric to many churches, 891
the local, a divine appointment, 892
the Hebrew terms for, its larger and narrower use, 892
Christ took his idea of, from Hebrew not heathen sources, 892
exists for sake of the kingdom, 892
will be displaced by a Christian state, 893
the decline of, not to be deplored, 893
a voluntary society, 893
membership in, not hereditary or compulsory, 893
union with, logically follows union with Christ, 893
its doctrine, a necessary outgrowth of the doctrine of regeneration, 893
highest organism of human life, 894
is an organism such as the religion of spirit necessarily creates, 891
its organization may be informal, 894
its organization may be formal, 894
its organization in N. T. formal, 894
its developed organization indicated by change of names from Gospels to
Epistles, 895
not an exclusively spiritual organization, 895
doctrine of Plymouth Brethren concerning, 895, 896
organization of the, not definitely prescribed in N. T. and left to
expediency; an erroneous theory, 896
government of, five alleged forms in N. T., 897
regenerate persons only members of, 897
Christ law giver of, 897
members on equality, 898
one member of, has no jurisdiction over another, 898
independent of civil power, 899
local, its sole object, 899
local, united worship a duty of, 899
its law, the will of Christ, 900
membership in, qualifications prescribed for, 900
membership in, duties attached to, 900
its genesis, 900
in germ before Pentecost, 900
three periods in life of, 901
officers elected as occasion demanded, 901
Paul’s teaching concerning, progressive, 902
how far synagogue was model of, 902
a new, how constituted, 902
in formation of, a council not absolutely requisite, 902, 903
at Antioch, its independent career, 903
its government, 903‐926
its government, as to source of authority, an absolute monarchy, 903
its government, as to interpretation and execution of Christ’s law, an
absolute democracy, 903
should be united in action, 904
union of, in action should be, not passive submission, but intelligent
co‐operation, 904
peaceful unity in, result of Spirit’s work, 904
Baptist, law of majority rule in, 904
as a whole responsible for doctrinal and practical purity, 905
ordinances committed to custody of whole, 905
as a whole, elects its officers and delegates, 906
as a whole, exercises discipline, 907
the self government of, an educational influence, 908
pastor’s duty to, 908
the world church or Romanist theory of, considered, 908‐911
Peter as foundation of, what meant by the statement, 909‐911
See also Peter.
the hierarchical government of, corrupting and dishonoring to Christ,
911
the theory of a national, considered, 912‐914
Presbyterian system of the, authors upon, 912
independence of, when given up, 912
a spiritual, incapable of delimitation, 913
officers of the, 914‐924
offices in, two, 914‐916
a plurality of eldership in the primitive, occasional, 915, 916
the pastor, bishop or elder of the, his three fold duty, 916, 917
the deacon, his duties, 917, 918
did women in the early church discharge diaconal functions?, 918
ordination of officers in, 918‐924
See Ordination.
local, highest ecclesiastical authority in N. T., 920
discipline of, 924‐926
relation of, to sister churches, 926‐929
each, the equal of any other, 926
each, directly responsible to Christ, and with spiritual possibilities
equal to any other, 926
each, to maintain fraternity and co‐operation with other churches, 926
each, should seek and take advice from other churches, 927
the fellowship of a, with another church may be broken by departures
from Scriptural faith and practice, 928
independence of, qualified by interdependence, 928
what it ought to do if distressed by serious internal disagreements, 928
its independence requires largest co‐operation with other churches, 929
list of authorities on general subject of the, 929
ordinances of the, 930‐980
See Ordinances, Baptism, and Lord’s Supper.

_Circulatio_, 333

Circumcision, of Christ, its import, 761
its law and that of baptism not the same, 954, 955

_Circumincessio_, 333

Civilization, can its arts be lost?, 529

Coffin, called by Egyptians ’chest of the living,’, 995

_Cogito ergo Deus est_, 61

_Cogito ergo sum = cogito scilicet sum_, 55

_Cogito = cogitans sum_, 55

Cognition of finiteness, dependence, etc., the occasion of the direct
cognition of the Infinite, Absolute, etc., 52

Coming, second, of Christ, 1003‐1015
the doctrine of, stated, 1003
Scriptures describing, 1003, 1004
statements concerning, not all spiritual, 1004
outward and visible, 1004
the objects to be secured at, 1004
said to be “in like manner” to his ascension, 1004, 1005
analogous to his first, 1005
can all men at one time see Christ at the?, 1005
the time of, not definitely taught, 1005
predictions of, parallel those of his first, 1007
patient waiting for, disciplinary, 1007
precursors of, 1008‐1010
a general prevalence of Christianity, a precursor of, 1008
a deep and wide spread development of evil, a precursor of, 1008
a personal antichrist, a precursor of, 1008
four signs of, according to some, 1010
millennium, prior to, 1010, 1011
and millennium as pointed out in Rev. 20:4‐10, 1011
immediately connected with a general resurrection and judgment, 1011
of two kinds, 1014
a reconciliation of pre‐millenarian and post‐millenarian theories
suggested, 1014
is the preaching which is to precede, to nations as wholes, or to each
individual in a nation?, 1014
the destiny of those living at, 1015

Comings of Christ, partial and typical, 1003

Commenting, its progress, 35

Commission, Christ’s final, not confined to eleven, 906

Commercial theory of Atonement, 747

Common law of church, what?, 970

Communion, prerequisites to, 969‐980
limitation of, commanded by Christ and apostles, 969
limitation of, implied in its analogy to Baptism, 969
prerequisites to, laid down not by church, but by Christ and his
apostles expressly or implicitly, 970
prerequisites to, are four, 970
Regeneration, a prerequisite to, 971
Baptism, a prerequisite to, 971
the apostles were baptized before, 971
the command of Christ places baptism before, 971
in all cases recorded in N. T. baptism precedes, 971
the symbolism of the ordinances requires baptism to precede, 971, 972
standards of principal denominations place baptism before, 972
where baptism customarily does not precede, the results are
unsatisfactory, 972
church membership, a prerequisite to, 973
a church rite, 973
a symbol of Christian fellowship, 973
an orderly walk, a prerequisite to, 973
immoral conduct, a bar to, 973, 974
disobedience to the commands of Christ, a bar to, 974
heresy, a bar to, 974
schism, a bar to, 975
restricted, the present attitude of Baptist churches to, 976
local church under responsibility to see its, preserved from disorder,
975, 976
open, advocated because baptism cannot be a term of communion, not being
a term of salvation, 977
open, contrary to the practice of organised Christianity, 977
no more binding than baptism, 978
open, tends to do away with baptism, 978
open, destroys discipline, 978
open, tends to do away with the visible church, 979
strict, objections to, answered briefly, 979, 980
open, its justification briefly considered, 980
a list of authors upon, 980

Compact with Satan, 458

Complex act, part may designate whole, 946

Concept, not a mental image, 7
in theology, may be distinguished by definition from all others, 15

Concupiscence, what?, 522
Romish doctrine of, 604

Concurrence in all operations at basis of preservation, 411
divine efficiency in, does not destroy or absorb the efficiency
assisted, 418
God’s, in evil acts only as they are natural acts, 418, 419

Confession, Romanist view of, 834

Conflagration, final, 1012

Confucianism, 180, 181

Confucius, 180, 181

Connate ideas, 53, 54

Conscience, what?, 82, 83
proves existence of a holy Lawgiver and Judge, 82
its supremacy, 82
warns of existence of law, 82
speaks in imperative, 82
represents to itself some other as judge, 82
the will it expresses superior to ours, 83
witness against pantheism, 103
thirst of, assuaged by Christ’s sacrifice, 297
its nature, 498
not a faculty, but a mode, 498
intellectual element in, 498
emotional element in, 498
solely judicial, 498
discriminative, 498
impulsive, 498
other mental processes from which it is to be distinguished, 499
the moral judiciary of the soul, 500
must be enlightened and cultivated, 500
an echo of God’s voice, 501
in its relation to God as holy, 502
the organ by which the human spirit finds God in itself, and itself in
God, 503
rendered less sensitive, but cannot be annulled, by sin, 647
needs Christ’s propitiation, 736
absolute liberty of, a distinguishing tenet of Baptists, 898, 899

Consciousness, Christian, not _norma normans_, but _norma normata_, 28
defined, 63
not source of other knowledge, 63
self, primarily a distinguishing of itself from itself, 104
comes logically before consciousness of the world, 104
self consciousness, what?, 252

Consubstantiation, 968

Contrary choice, in Adam, 519
not essential to will, 600, 605
its present limits, 605

Contrition, Romish doctrine of, 834

Conversion, God’s act in the will in, 793
sudden, 827
defined, 829
relation to regeneration, 829
voluntary, 829
man’s relation to God in, 830
conversions other than the first, 831
relations of the divine and human in, 831

Cosmological argument, see God.

Covetousness, what?, 569

Cranial capacity of man and apes, 473

Creatianism, its advocates, 491
its tenets, 491
its untenability, 491‐493

Creation, attributed to Christ, 310
attributed to Spirit, 316
doctrine of, 371‐410
definition of, 371, 372
by man of ideas and volitions and indirectly of brain modifications, 371
is change of energy into force, 371
Lotzean, author’s view of, 372
is not “production out of nothing,”, 372
is not “fashioning,”, 372, 373
not an emanation from divine substance, 372
the divine in, the origination of substance, 373
free act of a rational will, 373
externalization of God’s thought, 373
creation and “generation” and “procession,”, 373
is God’s voluntary limitation of himself, 373
how an act of the triune God, 373
not necessary to a trinitarian God, 373
the doctrine of, proved only from Scripture, 374
direct Scripture statements concerning, discussed, 374‐377
idea of, originates, when we think of things as originating in God
immediately, 375
Paul’s idea of, 376
absolute, heathen had glimpses of, 376
best expressed in Hebrew, 376
found among early Babylonians, 376
found in pre‐Zoroastrian, Vedic, and early Egyptian religions, 376
in heathen systems, 377
literature on, 377
“out of nothing,” its origin, 377
indirect evidence of, from Scripture, 377, 378
theories which oppose, 378‐391
Dualism opposes, see Dualism.
Emanation opposes, see Emanation.

Creation from eternity, theory stated, 386
not necessitated by God’s omnipotence, 387
contradictory in terms and irrational, 387
another form of the see‐saw philosophy, 387
not necessitated by God’s timelessness, 387
inconceivable, 387
not consistent with the conception of universe as an organism, 388
not necessitated by God’s immutability, 388
not necessitated by God’s love, 388, 389
inconsistent with God’s independence and personality, 389
outgrowth of Unitarian tendencies, 389

Creation, opposed by theory of spontaneous generation, see Generation,
Spontaneous.
Mosaic account of, 391‐397
asserts originating act of God in, 391
makes God antedate and create matter, 391
recognizes development, 392
lays the foundation for cosmogony, 392
can be interpreted in harmony with mediate creation or evolution, 392
not an allegory or myth, 394
Mosaic account of, not the blending of inconsistent stories,‐394
not to be interpreted in a hyperliteral way, 394
does not use “day” for a period of twenty‐four hours, 394
is not a precise geological record, 395
its scheme in detail, 395‐397
literature upon, 396, 397

Creation, God’s end in, 397‐402
God’s end in, his own glory, 398
God’s chief end in, the manifestation of his glory, 398
his glory most valuable end in, 399
his glory only end in, consistent with his independence and sovereignty,
399
his glory the end in, which secures every interest of the universe, 400
his glory the end in, because it is the end proposed to his creatures,
401
its final value, its value for God, 402
the doctrine of, its relation to other doctrines, 402‐410
its relation to the holiness and benevolence of God, 402
first, in what senses “very good,”, 402
pain and imperfection in, before moral evil, reasons for, 402
sets forth wisdom and free‐will of God, 404
Christ in, the Revealer of God, and the remedy of pessimism, 405
presents God in Providence and Redemption, 407
gives value to the Sabbath, 408

Creation of man, exclusively a fact of Scripture, 465
Scripture declares it an act of God, 465
Scripture silent on method of, 465
Scripture does not exclude mediate creation of body, if this method
probable from other sources, 465, 491
and theistic evolution, 466
his soul, its creation, though mediate, yet immediate, 466, 491
not from brute, but _from_ God, _through_ brute, 467, 469, 472
the last stage in the development of life, 469
unintelligible unless the immanent God is regarded as giving new
impulses to the process, 470
as to soul and body, in a sense immediate, 470
natural selection, its relations to, 470
by laws of development, which are methods of the Creator, 472
when finished presents, not a brute, but a man, 472
constitutes him the offspring of God, and God his Father, 474
as taking place through Christ, made its product a son of God by
relationship to the Eternal Son, 474
theory of its occurrence at several centres, 481
and his new creation compared, 694
in it body made corruptible, soul incorruptible, 991

Creation, continuous, its doctrine, 415
its advocates, 416
the element of truth in, 416
its error, 416
contradicts consciousness, 416
exaggerates God’s power at expense of other attributes, 417
renders personal identity inexplicable, 417
tends to pantheism, 417

_Creatura_, 392

_Credo quia impossibile est_, 34

Creeds, 18, 42

Crime best prevented by conviction of its _desert_ of punishment, 655

_Crimen læsæ majestatis_, 748

Criminal theory, 748

Criticism, higher, 169‐172
what it means, 169
influenced by spirit in which conducted, 169, 170
its teachings on Pentateuch and Hexateuch, 170
reveals God’s method in making up record of his revelation, 172
literature upon, 172

Cumulative argument, 71

_Cur Deus Homo_, synopsis of, 748

“Curse” in Gal. 3:13, 760

“Custom, immemorial,” binding, 970

“Damn,” its present connotation acquired from impression made on popular
mind by Scriptures, 1046

“Damnation” in 1 Cor. 11:22, its meaning, 960

Darwinism, its teaching, 470
its truth, 470
is not a complete explanation of the history of life, 470
fails to account for origin of substance and of variations, 470
does not take account of sudden appearance in the geological record of
important forms of life, 470
leaves gap between highest anthropoid and lowest specimen of man
unspanned, 471
fails to explain many important facts in heredity, 471
must admit that natural selection has not yet produced a species, as far
as we know, 472
as its author understood it, was not opposed to the Christian faith, 473

Day in Gen. 1, 35
its meaning, 223, 224, 394, 395