Chapter XCII: Section 3: , Taipei, Taiwan, telephone: 886 (2) 2162-2000, FAX (27)

Niger
total: 121.69 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 125.93 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 117.33 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Nigeria
total: 98.8 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 105.69 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 91.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Niue
total: NA
male: NA
female: NA

Norfolk Island
total: NA
male: NA
female: NA

Northern Mariana Islands
total: 7.11 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 7.05 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 7.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Norway
total: 3.7 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.07 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.32 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Oman
total: 19.51 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 22.35 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 16.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Pakistan
total: 72.44 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 72.84 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 72.03 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Palau
total: 14.84 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 16.6 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 12.99 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Panama
total: 20.47 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 22.59 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 18.26 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Papua New Guinea
total: 51.45 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 55.63 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 47.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Paraguay
total: 25.63 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 30.37 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 20.66 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Peru
total: 31.94 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 34.53 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 29.24 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Philippines
total: 23.51 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 26.34 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 20.54 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Pitcairn Islands
total: NA
male: NA
female: NA

Poland
total: 8.51 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 9.59 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 7.37 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Portugal
total: 5.05 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.53 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Puerto Rico
total: 8.24 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 9.52 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 6.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Qatar
total: 18.61 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 21.95 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 15.11 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Reunion
total: 7.78 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 8.52 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 6.99 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Romania
total: 26.43 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 29.6 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 23.06 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Russia
total: 15.39 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 17.7 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 12.94 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Rwanda
total: 91.23 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 96.37 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 85.93 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Saint Helena
total: 19 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 22.74 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 15.08 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis
total: 14.49 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 16.25 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 12.63 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Saint Lucia
total: 13.53 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 14.66 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 12.32 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
total: 7.54 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 8.66 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 6.38 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
total: 14.78 deaths/1,000 live
births
male: 16.09 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 13.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Samoa
total: 27.71 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 32.68 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 22.48 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

San Marino
total: 5.73 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6.16 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.26 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Sao Tome and Principe
total: 43.11 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 45.06 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 41.11 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Saudi Arabia
total: 13.24 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 15.19 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 11.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Senegal
total: 55.51 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 59.17 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 51.75 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Serbia and Montenegro
total: 12.89 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 14.54 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 11.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Seychelles
total: 15.53 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 19.65 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 11.28 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Sierra Leone
total: 143.64 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 161.06 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 125.69 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Singapore
total: 2.29 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 2.5 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 2.06 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Slovakia
total: 7.41 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 8.65 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 6.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Slovenia
total: 4.45 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.05 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Solomon Islands
total: 21.29 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 24.27 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 18.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Somalia
total: 116.7 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 126.06 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 107.06 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

South Africa
total: 61.81 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 65.6 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 57.93 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Spain
total: 4.42 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.82 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Sri Lanka
total: 14.35 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 15.57 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 13.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Sudan
total: 62.5 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 63.29 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 61.67 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Suriname
total: 23.57 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 27.57 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 19.37 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Svalbard
total: NA
male: NA
female: NA

Swaziland
total: 69.27 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 72.51 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 65.94 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Sweden
total: 2.77 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 2.93 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 2.59 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Switzerland
total: 4.39 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.9 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.86 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Syria
total: 29.53 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 29.76 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 29.28 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Taiwan
total: 6.4 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 7.09 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.65 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Tajikistan
total: 110.76 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 122.35 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 98.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Tanzania
total: 98.54 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 107.85 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 88.95 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Thailand
total: 20.48 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 21.83 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 19.06 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Togo
total: 66.61 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 74.24 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 58.76 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Tokelau
total: NA
male: NA
female: NA

Tonga
total: 12.62 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 13.97 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 11.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago
total: 24.31 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 26.23 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 22.31 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Tunisia
total: 24.77 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 27.68 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 21.65 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Turkey
total: 41.04 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 44.68 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 37.22 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Turkmenistan
total: 73.08 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 76.9 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 69.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands
total: 15.67 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 18.11 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 13.11 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Tuvalu
total: 20.03 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 22.9 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 17.02 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Uganda
total: 67.83 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 71.18 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 64.37 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Ukraine
total: 20.34 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 21.55 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 19.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

United Arab Emirates
total: 14.51 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 17.05 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 11.84 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

United Kingdom
total: 5.16 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.76 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

United States
total: 6.5 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 7.17 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Uruguay
total: 11.95 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 13.27 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 10.58 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Uzbekistan
total: 71.1 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 74.78 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 67.22 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Vanuatu
total: 55.16 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 57.73 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 52.45 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Venezuela
total: 22.2 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 25.31 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 18.85 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Vietnam
total: 25.95 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 26.35 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 25.52 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Virgin Islands
total: 8.03 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 9.11 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 6.88 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Wallis and Futuna
total: NA
male: NA
female: NA

West Bank
total: 19.62 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 21.66 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 17.45 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Western Sahara
total: NA
male: NA
female: NA

World
total: 50.11 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 52.1 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 48.01 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Yemen
total: 61.5 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 66.26 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 56.49 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Zambia
total: 88.29 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 95.63 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 80.72 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Zimbabwe
total: 67.69 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 70.32 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 64.98 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005

======================================================================

@2092 Inflation rate (consumer prices) (%)

Afghanistan
10.3% (2003)

Albania
3.2% (2004 est.)

Algeria
3.1% (2004 est.)

American Samoa
NA%

Andorra
4.3% (2000)

Angola
43.8% (2004 est.)

Anguilla
2.3%

Antigua and Barbuda
0.4% (2000 est.)

Argentina
6.1% (2004 est.)

Armenia
3.5% (2004 est.)

Aruba
3.2% (2002 est.)

Australia
2.3% (2004 est.)

Austria
1.8% (2004 est.)

Azerbaijan
4.6% (2004 est.)

Bahamas, The
1.2% (year ending September 2004)

Bahrain
2.1% (2004 est.)

Bangladesh
6% (2004 est.)

Barbados
-0.5% (2003 est.)

Belarus
17.4% (2004 est.)

Belgium
1.9% (2004 est.)

Belize
2.9% (2004 est.)

Benin
2.8% (2004 est.)

Bermuda
3.3% (mid-2003 est.)

Bhutan
3% (2002 est.)

Bolivia
4.9% (2004 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
1.1% (2004 est.)

Botswana
7% (2004 est.)

Brazil
7.6% (2004 est.)

British Virgin Islands
2.5% (2003)

Brunei
0.3% (2003 est.)

Bulgaria
6.1% (2004 est.)

Burkina Faso
2.4% (2004 est.)

Burma
17.2% (2004 est.)

Burundi
8.5% (2004 est.)

Cambodia
3.1% (2004 est.)

Cameroon
1% (2004 est.)

Canada
1.9% (2004 est.)

Cape Verde
1.5% (2004 est.)

Cayman Islands
2.8% (2002)

Central African Republic
3.6% (2001 est.)

Chad
8% (2004 est.)

Chile
2.4% (2004 est.)

China
4.1% (2004 est.)

Colombia
5.9% (2004 est.)

Comoros
3.5% (2001 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
14% (2003 est.)

Congo, Republic of the
1.8% (2004 est.)

Cook Islands
3.2% (2000 est.)

Costa Rica
11.5% (2004 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire
1.4% (2004 est.)

Croatia
2.5% (2004 est.)

Cuba
3.1% (2004 est.)

Cyprus
Republic of Cyprus: 2.4% (2003 est.); north Cyprus: 12.6%
(2003 est.)

Czech Republic
3.2% (2004 est.)

Denmark
1.4% (2004 est.)

Djibouti
2% (2002 est.)

Dominica
1% (2001 est.)

Dominican Republic
55% (2004 est.)

East Timor
4% (2003 est.)

Ecuador
2% (2004 est.)

Egypt
9.5% (2004 est.)

El Salvador
5.4% (2004 est.)

Equatorial Guinea
8.5% (2004 est.)

Eritrea
10% (2004 est.)

Estonia
3% (2004 est.)

Ethiopia
2.4% (2004 est.)

European Union
2.1% (2004 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
3.6% (1998)

Faroe Islands
5.1% (1999)

Fiji
1.6% (2002 est.)

Finland
0.7% (2004 est.)

France
2.3% (2004 est.)

French Guiana
1.5% (2002 est.)

French Polynesia
1.5% (2002 est.)

Gabon
1.5% (2004 est.)

Gambia, The
7% (2004 est.)

Gaza Strip
2.2% (includes West Bank) (2001 est.)

Georgia
5.5% (2004 est.)

Germany
1.6% (2004 est.)

Ghana
13% (2004 est.)

Gibraltar
1.5% (1998)

Greece
2.9% (2004 est.)

Greenland
1.6% (1999 est.)

Grenada
2.8% (2001 est.)

Guadeloupe
NA%

Guam
0% (1999 est.)

Guatemala
7.2% (2004 est.)

Guernsey
4.9% (2004 est.)

Guinea
18% (2004 est.)

Guinea-Bissau
4% (2002 est.)

Guyana
4.5% (2004 est.)

Haiti
22% (2004 est.)

Honduras
7% (2004 est.)

Hong Kong
-0.3% (2004 est.)

Hungary
7% (2004 est.)

Iceland
4% (2004 est.)

India
4.2% (2004 est.)

Indonesia
6.1% (2004 est.)

Iran
15.5% (2004 est.)

Iraq
25.4% (2004 est.)

Ireland
2.2% (2004 est.)

Israel
0% (2004 est.)

Italy
2.3% (2004 est.)

Jamaica
12.4% (2004 est.)

Japan
-0.1% (2004 est.)

Jersey
5.3% (2004)

Jordan
3.2% (2004 est.)

Kazakhstan
6.9% (2004 est.)

Kenya
9% (2004 est.)

Kiribati
2.5% (2001 est.)

Korea, North
NA (2003 est.)

Korea, South
3.6% (2004 est.)

Kuwait
2.3% (2004 est.)

Kyrgyzstan
3.2% (2004 est.)

Laos
12.3% (2004 est.)

Latvia
6% (2004 est.)

Lebanon
2% (2004 est.)

Lesotho
5.3% (2004 est.)

Liberia
15% (2003 est.)

Libya
2.9% (2004 est.)

Liechtenstein
1% (2001)

Lithuania
1.1% (2004 est.)

Luxembourg
2.4% (2004 est.)

Macau
2% (3rd quarter, 2004)

Macedonia
0.4% (2004 est.)

Madagascar
7.5% (2004 est.)

Malawi
12% (2004 est.)

Malaysia
1.3% (2004 est.)

Maldives
1% (2002 est.)

Mali
4.5% (2002 est.)

Malta
2.9% (2004 est.)

Man, Isle of
3.6% (March 2003 est.)

Marshall Islands
2% (2001 est.)

Martinique
3.9% (1990)

Mauritania
7% (2003 est.)

Mauritius
4.5% (2004 est.)

Mayotte
NA%

Mexico
5.4% (2004 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of
1% (2002 est.)

Moldova
11.5% (2004 est.)

Monaco
1.9% (2000)

Mongolia
11% (2004 est.)

Montserrat
2.6% (2002 est.)

Morocco
2.1% (2004 est.)

Mozambique
12.8% (2004 est.)

Namibia
4.2% (2004 est.)

Nauru
-3.6% (1993)

Nepal
2.9% (2002 est.)

Netherlands
1.4% (2004 est.)

Netherlands Antilles
2.1% (2003 est.)

New Caledonia
-0.6% (2000 est.)

New Zealand
2.4% (2004 est.)

Nicaragua
9.3% (2004 est.)

Niger
3% (2002 est.)

Nigeria
16.5% (2004 est.)

Niue
1% (1995)

Norfolk Island
NA

Northern Mariana Islands
1.2% (1997 est.)

Norway
1% (2004 est.)

Oman
0.2% (2004 est.)

Pakistan
4.8% (FY03/04 est.)

Palau
3.4% (2000 est.)

Panama
2% (2004 est.)

Papua New Guinea
4.2% (2004 est.)

Paraguay
5.1% (2004 est.)

Peru
3.8% (2004 est.)

Philippines
5.5% (2004 est.)

Pitcairn Islands
NA

Poland
3.4% (2004 est.)

Portugal
2.1% (2004 est.)

Puerto Rico
6.5% (2003 est.)

Qatar
3% (2004 est.)

Reunion
NA%

Romania
9.6% (2004 est.)

Russia
11.5% (2004 est.)

Rwanda
7% (2004 est.)

Saint Helena
3.2% (1997 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis
1.7% (2001 est.)

Saint Lucia
3% (2001 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
2.1% (1991-96 average)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
-0.4% (2001 est.)

Samoa
4% (2001 est.)

San Marino
3.3% (2001)

Sao Tome and Principe
14% (2004 est.)

Saudi Arabia
0.8% (2004 est.)

Senegal
0.8% (2004 est.)

Serbia and Montenegro
8.8% (2004 est.)

Seychelles
5% (2004 est.)

Sierra Leone
1% (2002 est.)

Singapore
1.7% (2004 est.)

Slovakia
7.5% (2004 est.)

Slovenia
3.3% (2004 est.)

Solomon Islands
10% (2003 est.)

Somalia
note - businesses print their own money, so inflation rates
cannot be sensibly determined (2004 est.)

South Africa
4.5% (2004 est.)

Spain
3.2% (2004 est.)

Sri Lanka
5.8% (2004 est.)

Sudan
9% (2004 est.)

Suriname
23% (2003 est.)

Swaziland
5.4% (2004 est.)

Sweden
0.7% (2004 est.)

Switzerland
0.9% (2004 est.)

Syria
2.1% (2004 est.)

Taiwan
1.7% (2004 est.)

Tajikistan
8% (2004 est.)

Tanzania
5.4% (2004 est.)

Thailand
2.8% (2004 est.)

Togo
1% (2004 est.)

Tokelau
NA%

Tonga
10.3% (2002 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago
3.3% (2004 est.)

Tunisia
4.1% (2004 est.)

Turkey
9.3% (2004 est.)

Turkmenistan
9% (2004 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands
4% (1995)

Tuvalu
5% (2000 est.)

Uganda
3.5% (2004 est.)

Ukraine
12% (2004 est.)

United Arab Emirates
3.2% (2004 est.)

United Kingdom
1.4% (2004 est.)

United States
2.5% (2004 est.)

Uruguay
7.6% (2004 est.)

Uzbekistan
3% (2004 est.)

Vanuatu
3.1% (2003 est.)

Venezuela
22.4% (2004 est.)

Vietnam
9.5% (2004 est.)

Virgin Islands
2.2% (2003)

Wallis and Futuna
NA%

West Bank
2.2% (includes Gaza Strip) (2001 est.)

Western Sahara
NA

World
developed countries 1% to 4% typically; developing countries
5% to 60% typically; national inflation rates vary widely in
individual cases, from declining prices in Japan to hyperinflation
in several Third World countries (2004 est.)

Yemen
12.2% (2004 est.)

Zambia
18.3% (2004 est.)

Zimbabwe
133% (2004 est.)

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005

======================================================================

@2093 Waterways (km)

Afghanistan
1,200 km
note: chiefly Amu Darya, which handles vessels up to 500 DWT (2004)

Albania
43 km (2004)

Angola
1,300 km (2004)

Argentina
11,000 km (2004)

Australia
2,000 km (mainly used for recreation on Murray and
Murray-Darling river systems) (2004)

Austria
358 km (2003)

Bangladesh
8,372 km
note: includes 2,575 km main cargo routes (2004)

Belarus
2,500 km (use limited by location on perimeter of country
and by shallowness) (2003)

Belgium
2,043 km (1,528 km in regular commercial use) (2003)

Belize
825 km (navigable only by small craft) (2004)

Benin
150 km (on River Niger along northern border) (2004)

Bolivia
10,000 km (commercially navigable) (2004)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Sava River (northern border) open to shipping
but use limited because of no agreement with neighboring countries
(2004)

Brazil
50,000 km (most in areas remote from industry and population)
(2004)

Brunei
209 km (navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 m) (2004)

Bulgaria
470 km (2004)

Burma
12,800 km (2004)

Burundi
mainly on Lake Tanganyika (2004)

Cambodia
2,400 km (mainly on Mekong River) (2004)

Cameroon
navigation mainly on Benue River; limited during rainy
season (2004)

Canada
631 km
note: Saint Lawrence Seaway of 3,769 km, including the Saint
Lawrence River of 3,058 km, shared with United States (2003)

Central African Republic
2,800 km (primarily on the Oubangui and
Sangha rivers) (2004)

Chad
Chari and Legone rivers are navigable only in wet season (2002)

China
121,557 km (2002)

Colombia
9,187 km (2004)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
15,000 km (navigation on the Congo
curtailed by fighting) (2004)

Congo, Republic of the
4,385 km (on Congo and Oubanqui rivers) (2004)

Costa Rica
730 km (seasonally navigable by small craft) (2004)

Cote d'Ivoire
980 km (navigable rivers, canals, and numerous coastal
lagoons) (2003)

Croatia
785 km (2004)

Cuba
240 km (2004)

Czech Republic
664 km (on Elbe, Vltava, and Oder rivers) (2004)

Denmark
417 km (2001)

Ecuador
1,500 km (most inaccessible) (2003)

Egypt
3,500 km
note: includes Nile River, Lake Nasser, Alexandria-Cairo Waterway,
and numerous smaller canals in delta; Suez Canal (193.5 km including
approaches) navigable by oceangoing vessels drawing up to 17.68 m
(2004)

El Salvador
Rio Lempa partially navigable (2004)

Estonia
500 km (2003)

European Union
53,512 km

Fiji
203 km
note: 122 km navigable by motorized craft and 200-metric-ton barges
(2004)

Finland
7,842 km
note: includes Saimaa Canal system of 3,577 km; southern part leased
from Russia (2004)

France
8,500 km (1,686 km accessible to craft of 3,000 metric tons)
(2000)

French Guiana
3,760 km
note: 460 km navigable by small oceangoing vessels and coastal and
river steamers, 3,300 km by native craft (2004)

Gabon
1,600 km (310 km on Ogooue River) (2003)

Gambia, The
390 km (on River Gambia; small ocean-going vessels can
reach 190 km) (2004)

Germany
7,300 km
note: Rhine River carries most goods; Main-Danube Canal links North
Sea and Black Sea (2004)

Ghana
1,293 km
note: 168 km for launches and lighters on Volta, Ankobra, and Tano
rivers; 1,125 km of arterial and feeder waterways on Lake Volta
(2003)

Greece
6 km
note: Corinth Canal (6 km) crosses the Isthmus of Corinth; shortens
sea voyage by 325 km (2004)

Guatemala
990 km
note: 260 km navigable year round; additional 730 km navigable
during high-water season (2004)

Guinea
1,295 km (navigable by shallow-draft native craft) (2003)

Guinea-Bissau
4 largest rivers are navigable for some distance; many
inlets and creeks give shallow-water access to much of interior
(2004)

Guyana
1,077 km
note: Berbice, Demerara, and Essequibo rivers are navigable by
oceangoing vessels for 150 km, 100 km, and 80 km respectively (2004)

Honduras
465 km (most navigable only by small craft) (2004)

Hungary
1,622 km (most on Danube River) (2004)

India
14,500 km
note: 5,200 km on major rivers and 485 km on canals suitable for
mechanized vessels (2004)

Indonesia
21,579 km
note: Sumatra 5,471 km, Java and Madura 820 km, Kalimantan 10,460
km, Sulawesi (Celebes) 241 km, Irian Jaya 4,587 km (2004)

Iran
850 km (on Karun River and Lake Urmia) (2004)

Iraq
5,275 km (not all navigable)
note: Euphrates River (2,815 km), Tigris River (1,895 km), and Third
River (565 km) are principal waterways (2004)

Ireland
753 km (pleasure craft only) (2004)

Italy
2,400 km
note: used for commercial traffic; of limited overall value compared
to road and rail (2004)

Japan
1,770 km (seagoing vessels use inland seas) (2004)

Kazakhstan
4,000 km
note: on the Syr Darya (Syrdariya) and Ertis (Irtysh) rivers (2004)

Kenya
part of Lake Victoria system is within boundaries of Kenya
(2004)

Kiribati
5 km (small network of canals in Line Islands) (2003)

Korea, North
2,250 km
note: most navigable only by small craft (2004)

Korea, South
1,608 km
note: most navigable only by small craft (2004)

Kyrgyzstan
600 km (2004)

Laos
4,600 km
note: primarily Mekong and tributaries; 2,897 additional km are
intermittently navigable by craft drawing less than 0.5 m (2003)

Latvia
300 km (2004)

Liechtenstein
28 km (2004)

Lithuania
600 km (2004)

Luxembourg
37 km (on Moselle River) (2003)

Madagascar
600 km (2004)

Malawi
700 km
note: on Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and Shire River (2003)

Malaysia
7,200 km
note: Peninsular Malaysia 3,200 km, Sabah 1,500 km, Sarawak 2,500 km
(2004)

Mali
1,815 km (2004)

Mauritania
some ferry traffic on Senegal River (2004)

Mexico
2,900 km
note: navigable rivers and coastal canals (2004)

Moldova
424 km (2004)

Mongolia
580 km
note: only waterway in operation is Lake Khovsgol (135 km); Selenge
River (270 km) and Orkhon River (175 km) are navigable but carry
little traffic; lakes and rivers freeze in winter, are open from May
to September (2004)

Mozambique
460 km (Zambezi River navigable to Tete and along Cahora
Bassa Lake) (2004)

Netherlands
5,046 km (navigable for ships of 50 tons) (2004)

Nicaragua
2,220 km (including lakes Managua and Nicaragua) (1997)

Niger
300 km
note: Niger River is navigable to Gaya between September and March
(2004)

Nigeria
8,600 km (Niger and Benue rivers and smaller rivers and
creeks) (2004)

Panama
800 km (includes 82 km Panama Canal) (2004)

Papua New Guinea
10,940 km (2003)

Paraguay
3,100 km (2004)

Peru
8,808 km
note: 8,600 km of navigable tributaries of Amazon system and 208 km
of Lago Titicaca (2004)

Philippines
3,219 km
note: limited to vessels with draft less than 1.5 m (2004)

Poland
3,997 km (navigable rivers and canals) (2003)

Portugal
210 km (on Douro River from Porto) (2003)

Romania
1,731 km (2004)

Russia
96,000 km
note: 72,000 km system in European Russia links Baltic Sea, White
Sea, Caspian Sea, Sea of Azov, and Black Sea (2004)

Rwanda
Lac Kivu navigable by shallow-draft barges and native craft
(2004)

Senegal
1,000 km (primarily on Senegal, Saloum, and Casamance
rivers) (2003)

Serbia and Montenegro
587 km
note: Danube River traffic delayed by pontoon bridge at Novi Sad;
plan to replace by summer of 2005 (2004)

Sierra Leone
800 km (2003)

Slovakia
172 km (on Danube River) (2004)

Spain
1,045 km (2003)

Sri Lanka
160 km (primarily on rivers in southwest) (2004)

Sudan
4,068 km (1,723 km open year round on White and Blue Nile
rivers) (2004)

Suriname
1,200 km (most navigable by ships with drafts up to 7 m)
(2003)

Switzerland
65 km
note: Rhine River between Basel-Rheinfelden and
Schaffhausen-Bodensee, some canals, and 12 navigable lakes (2003)

Syria
900 km (not economically significant) (2002)

Tajikistan
200 km (along Vakhsh River) (2003)

Tanzania
Lake Tanganyika, Lake Victoria, and Lake Nyasa principal
avenues of commerce with neighboring countries; rivers not navigable
(2004)

Thailand
4,000 km
note: 3,701 km navigable by boats with drafts up to 0.9 m (2003)

Togo
50 km (seasonally on Mono River depending on rainfall) (2003)

Turkey
1,200 km (2003)

Turkmenistan
1,300 km (Amu Darya and Kara Kum canal important inland
waterways) (2003)

Uganda
300 km (on Lake Victoria, 200 km on Lake Albert, Lake Kyoga,
and parts of Albert Nile) (2004 est.)

Ukraine
1,672 km (most on Dnieper River) (2004)

United Kingdom
3,200 km (620 km used for commerce) (2004)

United States
41,009 km (19,312 km used for commerce)
note: Saint Lawrence Seaway of 3,769 km, including the Saint
Lawrence River of 3,058 km, shared with Canada (2004)

Uruguay
1,600 km (2002)

Uzbekistan
1,100 km (2004)

Venezuela
7,100 km
note: Orinoco River and Lake de Maracaibo navigable by oceangoing
vessels, Orinoco for 400 km (2004)

Vietnam
17,702 km (5,000 km navigable by vessels up to 1.8 m draft)
(2004)

World
671,886 km (2004)

Zambia
2,250 km
note: includes Lake Tanganyika and the Zambezi and Luapula rivers
(2003)

Zimbabwe
on Lake Kariba, length small (2003)

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005

======================================================================

@2094 Judicial branch

Afghanistan
the new constitution establishes a nine-member Stera
Mahkama or Supreme Court (its nine justices are appointed for
10-year terms by the president with approval of the Wolesi Jirga)
and subordinate High Courts and Appeals Courts; there is also a
Minister of Justice; a separate Afghan Independent Human Rights
Commission established by the Bonn Agreement is charged with
investigating human rights abuses and war crimes

Albania
Constitutional Court, Supreme Court (chairman is elected by
the People's Assembly for a four-year term), and multiple appeals
and district courts

Algeria
Supreme Court or Court Supreme

American Samoa
High Court (chief justice and associate justices are
appointed by the US Secretary of the Interior)

Andorra
Tribunal of Judges or Tribunal de Batlles; Tribunal of the
Courts or Tribunal de Corts; Supreme Court of Justice of Andorra or
Tribunal Superior de Justicia d'Andorra; Supreme Council of Justice
or Consell Superior de la Justicia; Fiscal Ministry or Ministeri
Fiscal; Constitutional Tribunal or Tribunal Constitucional

Angola
Supreme Court or Tribunal da Relacao (judges are appointed by
the president)

Anguilla
High Court (judge provided by Eastern Caribbean Supreme
Court)

Antigua and Barbuda
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based in Saint
Lucia; one judge of the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands
and presides over the Court of Summary Jurisdiction)

Argentina
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (the nine Supreme Court
judges are appointed by the president with approval by the Senate)

Armenia
Constitutional Court; Court of Cassation (Appeals Court)

Aruba
Common Court of Justice of Aruba (judges are appointed by the
monarch)

Australia
High Court (the chief justice and six other justices are
appointed by the governor general)

Austria
Supreme Judicial Court or Oberster Gerichtshof;
Administrative Court or Verwaltungsgerichtshof; Constitutional Court
or Verfassungsgerichtshof

Azerbaijan
Supreme Court

Bahamas, The
Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; magistrates courts

Bahrain
High Civil Appeals Court

Bangladesh
Supreme Court (the chief justices and other judges are
appointed by the president)

Barbados
Supreme Court of Judicature (judges are appointed by the
Service Commissions for the Judicial and Legal Services)

Belarus
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president);
Constitutional Court (half of the judges appointed by the president
and half appointed by the Chamber of Representatives)

Belgium
Supreme Court of Justice or Hof van Cassatie (in Dutch) or
Cour de Cassation (in French) (judges are appointed for life by the
Government; candidacies have to be submitted by the High Justice
Council)

Belize
Supreme Court (the chief justice is appointed by the governor
general on the advice of the prime minister)

Benin
Constitutional Court or Cour Constitutionnelle; Supreme Court
or Cour Supreme; High Court of Justice

Bermuda
Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrate Courts

Bhutan
Supreme Court of Appeal (the monarch); High Court (judges
appointed by the monarch)

Bolivia
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges appointed for 10-year
terms by National Congress); District Courts (one in each
department); provincial and local courts (to try minor cases)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
BiH Constitutional Court (consists of nine
members: four members are selected by the Bosniak/Croat Federation's
House of Representatives, two members by the Republika Srpska's
National Assembly, and three non-Bosnian members by the president of
the European Court of Human Rights); BiH State Court (consists of
nine judges and three divisions - Administrative, Appellate and
Criminal - having jurisdiction over cases related to state-level law
and appellate jurisdiction over cases initiated in the entities;
note - a War Crimes Chamber may be added at a future date)
note: the entities each have a Supreme Court; each entity also has a
number of lower courts; there are 10 cantonal courts in the
Federation, plus a number of municipal courts; the Republika Srpska
has five municipal courts

Botswana
High Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrates' Courts (one in
each district)

Brazil
Supreme Federal Tribunal (11 ministers are appointed for life
by the president and confirmed by the Senate); Higher Tribunal of
Justice; Regional Federal Tribunals (judges are appointed for life);
note - though appointed "for life," judges, like all federal
employees, have a mandatory retirement age of 70

British Virgin Islands
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court, consisting
of the High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeal (one judge of
the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands and presides over the
High Court); Magistrate's Court; Juvenile Court; Court of Summary
Jurisdiction

Brunei
Supreme Court (chief justice and judges are sworn in by the
monarch for three-year terms)

Bulgaria
Supreme Administrative Court; Supreme Court of Cassation;
Constitutional Court (12 justices appointed or elected for nine-year
terms); Supreme Judicial Council (consists of the chairmen of the
two Supreme Courts, the Chief Prosecutor, and 22 other members;
responsible for appointing the justices, prosecutors, and
investigating magistrates in the justice system; members of the
Supreme Judicial Council elected for five-year terms, 11 elected by
the National Assembly and 11 by bodies of the judiciary)

Burkina Faso
Supreme Court; Appeals Court

Burma
remnants of the British-era legal system are in place, but
there is no guarantee of a fair public trial; the judiciary is not
independent of the executive

Burundi
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; Constitutional Court; Courts
of Appeal (there are three in separate locations); Tribunals of
First Instance (17 at the province level and 123 small local
tribunals)

Cambodia
Supreme Council of the Magistracy (provided for in the
constitution and formed in December 1997); Supreme Court (and lower
courts) exercises judicial authority

Cameroon
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president); High
Court of Justice (consists of 9 judges and 6 substitute judges,
elected by the National Assembly)

Canada
Supreme Court of Canada (judges are appointed by the prime
minister through the governor general); Federal Court of Canada;
Federal Court of Appeal; Provincial Courts (these are named
variously Court of Appeal, Court of Queens Bench, Superior Court,
Supreme Court, and Court of Justice)

Cape Verde
Supreme Tribunal of Justice or Supremo Tribunal de Justia

Cayman Islands
Summary Court; Grand Court; Cayman Islands Court of
Appeal

Central African Republic
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme;
Constitutional Court (3 judges appointed by the president, 3 by the
president of the National Assembly, and 3 by fellow judges); Court
of Appeal; Criminal Courts; Inferior Courts

Chad
Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Criminal Courts; Magistrate
Courts

Chile
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are appointed by the
president and ratified by the Senate from lists of candidates
provided by the court itself; the president of the Supreme Court is
elected by the 21-member court); Constitutional Tribunal

China
Supreme People's Court (judges appointed by the National
People's Congress); Local Peoples Courts (comprise higher,
intermediate and local courts); Special Peoples Courts (primarily
military, maritime, and railway transport courts)

Christmas Island
Supreme Court; District Court; Magistrate's Court

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Supreme Court; Magistrate's Court

Colombia
four roughly coequal, supreme judicial organs; Supreme
Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (highest court of
criminal law; judges are selected by their peers from the nominees
of the Superior Judicial Council for eight-year terms); Council of
State (highest court of administrative law; judges are selected from
the nominees of the Superior Judicial Council for eight-year terms);
Constitutional Court (guards integrity and supremacy of the
constitution; rules on constitutionality of laws, amendments to the
constitution, and international treaties); Superior Judicial Council
(administers and disciplines the civilian judiciary; resolves
jurisdictional conflicts arising between other courts; members are
elected by three sister courts and Congress for eight-year terms)

Comoros
Supreme Court or Cour Supremes (two members appointed by the
president, two members elected by the Federal Assembly, one elected
by the Council of each island, and others are former presidents of
the republic)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme

Congo, Republic of the
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme

Cook Islands
High Court

Costa Rica
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (22 justices are elected
for eight-year terms by the Legislative Assembly)

Cote d'Ivoire
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme consists of four
chambers: Judicial Chamber for criminal cases, Audit Chamber for
financial cases, Constitutional Chamber for judicial review cases,
and Administrative Chamber for civil cases; there is no legal limit
to the number of members

Croatia
Supreme Court; Constitutional Court; judges for both courts
appointed for eight-year terms by the Judicial Council of the
Republic, which is elected by the Assembly

Cuba
People's Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo Popular (president,
vice president, and other judges are elected by the National
Assembly)

Cyprus
Supreme Court (judges are appointed jointly by the president
and vice president)
note: there is also a Supreme Court in north Cyprus

Czech Republic
Supreme Court; Constitutional Court; chairman and
deputy chairmen are appointed by the president for a 10-year term

Denmark
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch for life)

Djibouti
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme

Dominica
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court, consisting of the Court of
Appeal and the High Court (located in Saint Lucia; one of the six
judges must reside in Dominica and preside over the Court of Summary
Jurisdiction)

Dominican Republic
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are
appointed by a the National Judicial Council comprised of the
President, the leaders of both chambers of congress, the President
of the Supreme Court, and an opposition or non-governing party
member)

East Timor
Supreme Court of Justice - constitution calls for one
judge to be appointed by National Parliament and rest appointed by
Superior Council for Judiciary; note - until Supreme Court is
established, Court of Appeals is highest court

Ecuador
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (according to the
Constitution, new justices are elected by the full Supreme Court; in
December 2004, however, Congress successfully replaced the entire
court via a simple-majority resolution)

Egypt
Supreme Constitutional Court

El Salvador
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are selected by
the Legislative Assembly)

Equatorial Guinea
Supreme Tribunal

Eritrea
High Court - regional, subregional, and village courts; also
have military and special courts

Estonia
National Court (chairman appointed by Parliament for life)

Ethiopia
Federal Supreme Court (the president and vice president of
the Federal Supreme Court are recommended by the prime minister and
appointed by the House of People's Representatives; for other
federal judges, the prime minister submits to the House of People's
Representatives for appointment candidates selected by the Federal
Judicial Administrative Council)

European Union
Court of Justice of the European Communities (ensures
that the treaties are interpreted and applied correctly) - 25
justices (one from each member state) appointed for a six-year term;
note - for the sake of efficiency, the court can sit with 11
justices known as the "Grand Chamber"; Court of First Instance - 25
justices appointed for a six-year term

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
Supreme Court (chief justice is a
nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over
civil and criminal divisions); Court of Summary Jurisdiction

Faroe Islands
none

Fiji
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president); Court of
Appeal; High Court; Magistrates' Courts

Finland
Supreme Court or Korkein Oikeus (judges appointed by the
president)

France
Supreme Court of Appeals or Cour de Cassation (judges are
appointed by the president from nominations of the High Council of
the Judiciary); Constitutional Council or Conseil Constitutionnel
(three members appointed by the president, three appointed by the
president of the National Assembly, and three appointed by the
president of the Senate); Council of State or Conseil d'Etat

French Guiana
Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel (highest local court
based in Martinique with jurisdiction over Martinique, Guadeloupe,
and French Guiana)

French Polynesia
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Court of the First
Instance or Tribunal de Premiere Instance; Court of Administrative
Law or Tribunal Administratif

Gabon
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme consisting of three chambers -
Judicial, Administrative, and Accounts; Constitutional Court; Courts
of Appeal; Court of State Security; County Courts

Gambia, The
Supreme Court

Georgia
Supreme Court (judges elected by the Supreme Council on the
president's recommendation); Constitutional Court; first and second
instance courts

Germany
Federal Constitutional Court or Bundesverfassungsgericht
(half the judges are elected by the Bundestag and half by the
Bundesrat)

Ghana
Supreme Court

Gibraltar
Supreme Court; Court of Appeal

Greece
Supreme Judicial Court; Special Supreme Tribunal; all judges
appointed for life by the president after consultation with a
judicial council

Greenland
High Court or Landsret (appeals can be made to the Ostre
Landsret or Eastern Division of the High Court or Supreme Court in
Copenhagen)

Grenada
West Indies Associate States Supreme Court (an associate
judge resides in Grenada)

Guadeloupe
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel with jurisdiction over
Guadeloupe, French Guiana, and Martinique

Guam
Federal District Court (judge is appointed by the president);
Territorial Superior Court (judges appointed for eight-year terms by
the governor)

Guatemala
Constitutional Court or Corte de Constitutcionalidad is
Guatemala's highest court (five judges are elected for concurrent
five-year terms by Congress, each serving one year as president of
the Constitutional Court; one is elected by Congress, one elected by
the Supreme Court of Justice, one appointed by the President, one
elected by Superior Counsel of Universidad San Carlos de Guatemala,
and one by Colegio de Abogados); Supreme Court of Justice or Corte
Suprema de Justicia (13 members serve concurrent five-year terms and
elect a president of the Court each year from among their number;
the president of the Supreme Court of Justice also supervises trial
judges around the country, who are named to five-year terms)

Guernsey
Royal Court

Guinea
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel

Guinea-Bissau
Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal da Justica (consists
of nine justices appointed by the president and serve at his
pleasure; final court of appeals in criminal and civil cases);
Regional Courts (one in each of nine regions; first court of appeals
for Sectoral Court decisions; hear all felony cases and civil cases
valued at over $1,000); 24 Sectoral Courts (judges are not
necessarily trained lawyers; they hear civil cases under $1,000 and
misdemeanor criminal cases)

Guyana
Supreme Court of Judicature; Judicial Court of Appeal; High
Court

Haiti
Supreme Court or Cour de Cassation

Holy See (Vatican City)
there are three tribunals responsible for
civil and criminal matters within Vatican City; three other
tribunals rule on issues pertaining to the Holy See
note: judicial duties were established by the Motu Proprio of Pius
XII on 1 May 1946

Honduras
Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia
(judges are elected for seven-year terms by the National Congress)

Hong Kong
Court of Final Appeal in the Hong Kong Special
Administrative Region

Hungary
Constitutional Court (judges are elected by the National
Assembly for nine-year terms)

Iceland
Supreme Court or Haestirettur (justices are appointed for
life by the Minister of Justice); eight district courts (justices
are appointed for life by the Minister of Justice)

India
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president and
remain in office until they reach the age of 65)

Indonesia
Supreme Court or Mahkamah Agung (justices appointed by the
president from a list of candidates approved by the legislature); a
separate Constitutional Court or Makhama Konstitusi was invested by
the president on 16 August 2003; in March 2004 the Supreme Court
assumed administrative and financial responsibility for the lower
court system from the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights

Iran
Supreme Court - above a special clerical court, a revolutionary
court, and a special administrative court

Iraq
Supreme Court appointed by the Prime Minister, confirmed by the
Presidency Council

Ireland
Supreme Court (judges appointed by the president on the
advice of the prime minister and cabinet)

Israel
Supreme Court (justices appointed for life by the president)

Italy
Constitutional Court or Corte Costituzionale (composed of 15
judges: one-third appointed by the president, one-third elected by
parliament, one-third elected by the ordinary and administrative
Supreme Courts)

Jamaica
Supreme Court (judges appointed by the governor general on
the advice of the prime minister); Court of Appeal

Japan
Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the monarch after
designation by the cabinet; all other justices are appointed by the
cabinet)

Jersey
Royal Court (judges elected by an electoral college and the
bailiff)

Jordan
Court of Cassation; Supreme Court (court of final appeal)

Kazakhstan
Supreme Court (44 members); Constitutional Council (7
members)

Kenya
Court of Appeal (chief justice is appointed by the president);
High Court

Kiribati
Court of Appeal; High Court; 26 Magistrates' courts; judges
at all levels are appointed by the president

Korea, North
Central Court (judges are elected by the Supreme
People's Assembly)

Korea, South
Supreme Court (justices appointed by president with
consent of National Assembly); Constitutional Court (justices
appointed by president based partly on nominations by National
Assembly and Chief Justice of the court)

Kuwait
High Court of Appeal

Kyrgyzstan
Supreme Court (judges are appointed for 10-year terms by
the Supreme Council on the recommendation of the president);
Constitutional Court; Higher Court of Arbitration

Laos
People's Supreme Court (the president of the People's Supreme
Court is elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of
the National Assembly Standing Committee; the vice president of the
People's Supreme Court and the judges are appointed by the National
Assembly Standing Committee)

Latvia
Supreme Court (judges' appointments are confirmed by
Parliament)

Lebanon
four Courts of Cassation (three courts for civil and
commercial cases and one court for criminal cases); Constitutional
Council (called for in Ta'if Accord - rules on constitutionality of
laws); Supreme Council (hears charges against the president and
prime minister as needed)

Lesotho
High Court (chief justice appointed by the monarch acting on
the advice of the Prime Minister); Court of Appeal; Magistrate's
Court; customary or traditional court

Liberia
Supreme Court

Libya
Supreme Court

Liechtenstein
Supreme Court or Oberster Gerichtshof; Court of Appeal
or Obergericht

Lithuania
Constitutional Court; Supreme Court; Court of Appeal;
judges for all courts appointed by the President

Luxembourg
judicial courts and tribunals (3 Justices of the Peace, 2
district courts, and 1 Supreme Court of Appeals); administrative
courts and tribunals (State Prosecutor's Office, administrative
courts and tribunals, and the Constitutional Court); judges for all
courts are appointed for life by the monarch

Macau
Court of Final Appeal in Macau Special Administrative Region

Macedonia
Supreme Court - the Assembly appoints the judges;
Constitutional Court - the Assembly appoints the judges; Republican
Judicial Council - the Assembly appoints the judges

Madagascar
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; High Constitutional Court
or Haute Cour Constitutionnelle

Malawi
Supreme Court of Appeal; High Court (chief justice appointed
by the president, puisne judges appointed on the advice of the
Judicial Service Commission); magistrate's courts

Malaysia
Federal Court (judges appointed by the paramount ruler on
the advice of the prime minister)

Maldives
High Court

Mali
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme

Malta
Constitutional Court; Court of Appeal; judges for both courts
are appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister

Man, Isle of
High Court of Justice (justices are appointed by the
Lord Chancellor of England on the nomination of the lieutenant
governor)

Marshall Islands
Supreme Court; High Court

Martinique
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel

Mauritania
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; Court of Appeals; lower
courts

Mauritius
Supreme Court

Mayotte
Supreme Court or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel

Mexico
Supreme Court of Justice or Suprema Corte de Justicia
Nacional (justices or ministros are appointed by the president with
consent of the Senate)

Micronesia, Federated States of
Supreme Court

Moldova
Supreme Court; Constitutional Court (the sole authority for
constitutional judicature)

Monaco
Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the
monarch on the basis of nominations by the National Council)

Mongolia
Supreme Court (serves as appeals court for people's and
provincial courts but rarely overturns verdicts of lower courts;
judges are nominated by the General Council of Courts and approved
by the president)

Montserrat
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based in Saint Lucia,
one judge of the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands and
presides over the High Court)

Morocco
Supreme Court (judges are appointed on the recommendation of
the Supreme Council of the Judiciary, presided over by the monarch)

Mozambique
Supreme Court (the court of final appeal; some of its
professional judges are appointed by the president and some are
elected by the Assembly); other courts include an Administrative
Court, customs courts, maritime courts, courts marshal, labor courts
note: although the constitution provides for a separate
Constitutional Court, one has never been established; in its absence
the Supreme Court reviews constitutional cases

Namibia
Supreme Court (judges appointed by the president on the
recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission)

Nauru
Supreme Court

Nepal
Supreme Court or Sarbochha Adalat (chief justice is appointed
by the monarch on recommendation of the Constitutional Council; the
other judges are appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of
the Judicial Council)

Netherlands
Supreme Court or Hoge Raad (justices are nominated for
life by the monarch)

Netherlands Antilles
Joint High Court of Justice (judges appointed
by the monarch)

New Caledonia
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; County Courts; Joint
Commerce Tribunal Court; Children's Court

New Zealand
Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; High Court; note -
Judges appointed by the Governor-General

Nicaragua
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (16 judges elected for
five-year terms by the National Assembly)

Niger
State Court or Cour d'Etat; Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel

Nigeria
Supreme Court (judges appointed by the President); Federal
Court of Appeal (judges are appointed by the federal government on
the advice of the Advisory Judicial Committee)

Niue
Supreme Court of New Zealand; High Court of Niue

Norfolk Island
Supreme Court; Court of Petty Sessions

Northern Mariana Islands
Commonwealth Supreme Court; Superior Court;
Federal District Court

Norway
Supreme Court or Hoyesterett (justices appointed by the
monarch)

Oman
Supreme Court
note: the nascent civil court system, administered by region, has
judges who practice secular and Sharia (Islamic) law

Pakistan
Supreme Court (justices appointed by the president);
Federal Islamic or Shari'a Court

Palau
Supreme Court; National Court; Court of Common Pleas

Panama
Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (nine
judges appointed for 10-year terms); five superior courts; three
courts of appeal

Papua New Guinea
Supreme Court (the chief justice is appointed by
the governor general on the proposal of the National Executive
Council after consultation with the minister responsible for
justice; other judges are appointed by the Judicial and Legal
Services Commission)

Paraguay
Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia
(judges appointed on the proposal of the Council of Magistrates or
Consejo de la Magistratura)

Peru
Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (judges
are appointed by the National Council of the Judiciary)

Philippines
Supreme Court (15 justices are appointed by the
president on the recommendation of the Judicial and Bar Council and
serve until 70 years of age); Court of Appeals; Sandigan-bayan
(special court for hearing corruption cases of government officials)

Pitcairn Islands
Magistrate's Court; Supreme Court; Court of Appeal;
Judicial Officers are appointed by the Governor

Poland
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president on the
recommendation of the National Council of the Judiciary for an
indefinite period); Constitutional Tribunal (judges are chosen by
the Sejm for nine-year terms)

Portugal
Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (judges
appointed for life by the Conselho Superior da Magistratura)

Puerto Rico
Supreme Court; Appellate Court; Court of First Instance
composed of two sections: a Superior Court and a Municipal Court
(justices for all these courts appointed by the governor with the
consent of the Senate)

Qatar
Court of Appeal
note: under the new judiciary law issued in 2003, the former two
court systems, civil and Islamic law, were merged under a higher
court, the Court of Cassation, established for appeals

Reunion
Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel

Romania
Supreme Court of Justice (judges are appointed by the
president on the recommendation of the Superior Council of
Magistrates, a board of eleven judges and six prosecutors elected by
parliament)

Russia
Constitutional Court; Supreme Court; Superior Court of
Arbitration; judges for all courts are appointed for life by the
Federation Council on the recommendation of the president

Rwanda
Supreme Court; High Courts of the Republic; Provincial
Courts; District Courts; mediation committees

Saint Helena
Supreme Court; Magistrate's Court; Small Debts Court;
Juvenile Court

Saint Kitts and Nevis
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based on
Saint Lucia; one judge of the Supreme Court resides in Saint Kitts
and Nevis)

Saint Lucia
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (jurisdiction extends to
Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, the British Virgin Islands, Dominica,
Grenada, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint
Vincent and the Grenadines)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Superior Tribunal of Appeals or Tribunal
Superieur d'Appel

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court
(based on Saint Lucia; one judge of the Supreme Court resides in
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)

Samoa
Court of Appeal; Supreme Court; District Court; Land and
Titles Court

San Marino
Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII

Sao Tome and Principe
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the
National Assembly)

Saudi Arabia
Supreme Council of Justice

Senegal
Constitutional Court; Council of State; Court of Final
Appeals or Cour de Cassation; Court of Appeals; note - the judicial
system was reformed in 1992

Serbia and Montenegro
The Court of Serbia and Montenegro; judges are
elected by the Serbia and Montenegro Parliament for six-year terms
note: since the promulgation of the 2003 Constitution, the Federal
Court has constitutional and administrative functions; it has an
equal number of judges from each republic

Seychelles
Court of Appeal; Supreme Court; judges for both courts
are appointed by the president

Sierra Leone
Supreme Court; Appeals Court; High Court

Singapore
Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the president
with the advice of the prime minister, other judges are appointed by
the president with the advice of the chief justice); Court of Appeals

Slovakia
Supreme Court (judges are elected by the National Council);
Constitutional Court (judges appointed by president from group of
nominees approved by the National Council)

Slovenia
Supreme Court (judges are elected by the National Assembly
on the recommendation of the Judicial Council); Constitutional Court
(judges elected for nine-year terms by the National Assembly and
nominated by the president)

Solomon Islands
Court of Appeal

Somalia
following the breakdown of the central government, most
regions have reverted to local forms of conflict resolution, either
secular, traditional clan-based arbitration, or Islamic (Shari'a)
law with a provision for appeal of all sentences

South Africa
Constitutional Court; Supreme Court of Appeals; High
Courts; Magistrate Courts

Spain
Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo

Sri Lanka
Supreme Court; Court of Appeals; judges for both courts
are appointed by the president

Sudan
Supreme Court; Special Revolutionary Courts

Suriname
Cantonal Courts and a Court of Justice as an appellate
court (justices are nominated for life)

Swaziland
High Court; Court of Appeal; judges for both courts are
appointed by the monarch

Sweden
Supreme Court or Hogsta Domstolen (judges are appointed by
the prime minister and the cabinet)

Switzerland
Federal Supreme Court (judges elected for six-year terms
by the Federal Assembly)

Syria
Supreme Constitutional Court (justices are appointed for
four-year terms by the president); High Judicial Council; Court of
Cassation; State Security Courts

Taiwan
Judicial Yuan (justices appointed by the president with
consent of the Legislative Yuan)

Tajikistan
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)

Tanzania
Permanent Commission of Enquiry (official ombudsman); Court
of Appeal (consists of a chief justice and four judges); High Court
(consists of a Jaji Kiongozi and 29 judges appointed by the
president; holds regular sessions in all regions); District Courts;
Primary Courts (limited jurisdiction and appeals can be made to the
higher courts)

Thailand
Supreme Court or Sandika (judges appointed by the monarch)

Togo
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Supreme Court or Cour Supreme

Tokelau
Supreme Court in New Zealand exercises civil and criminal
jurisdiction in Tokelau

Tonga
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch); Court of
Appeal (consists of the Privy Council with the addition of the chief
justice of the Supreme Court)

Trinidad and Tobago
Supreme Court of Judicature (comprised of the
High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeals; the chief justice is
appointed by the president after consultation with the prime
minister and the leader of the opposition; other justices are
appointed by the president on the advice of the Judicial and Legal
Service Commission); High Court of Justice; Court of Appeals; the
highest court of appeal is the Privy Council in London

Tunisia
Court of Cassation or Cour de Cassation

Turkey
Constitutional Court; High Court of Appeals (Yargitay);
Council of State (Danistay); Court of Accounts (Sayistay); Military
High Court of Appeals; Military High Administrative Court

Turkmenistan
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)

Turks and Caicos Islands
Supreme Court

Tuvalu
High Court (a chief justice visits twice a year to preside
over its sessions; its rulings can be appealed to the Court of
Appeal in Fiji); eight Island Courts (with limited jurisdiction)

Uganda
Court of Appeal (judges are appointed by the president and
approved by the legislature); High Court (judges are appointed by
the president)

Ukraine
Supreme Court; Constitutional Court

United Arab Emirates
Union Supreme Court (judges are appointed by
the president)

United Kingdom
House of Lords (highest court of appeal; several
Lords of Appeal in Ordinary are appointed by the monarch for life);
Supreme Courts of England, Wales, and Northern Ireland (comprising
the Courts of Appeal, the High Courts of Justice, and the Crown
Courts); Scotland's Court of Session and Court of the Justiciary

United States
Supreme Court (its nine justices are appointed for
life on condition of good behavior by the president with
confirmation by the Senate); United States Courts of Appeal; United
States District Courts; State and County Courts

Uruguay
Supreme Court (judges are nominated by the president and
elected for 10-year terms by the General Assembly)

Uzbekistan
Supreme Court (judges are nominated by the president and
confirmed by the Supreme Assembly)

Vanuatu
Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the president
after consultation with the prime minister and the leader of the
opposition, three other justices are appointed by the president on
the advice of the Judicial Service Commission)

Venezuela
Supreme Tribunal of Justice or Tribuna Suprema de Justicia
(magistrates are elected by the National Assembly for a single
12-year term)

Vietnam
Supreme People's Court (chief justice is elected for a
five-year term by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the
president)

Virgin Islands
US District Court of the Virgin Islands (under Third
Circuit jurisdiction); Territorial Court (judges appointed by the
governor for 10-year terms)