Chapter XXXIII: Appendix: II (2)

Inequality--
of holdings, absence of in North, 63-66, 189
" " general in South and East, 63-66
" " effect of trade in producing, 84-85
" " transference of land, 78-79, 86

Inmates, statute of, 4, 277, 279

Intensive cultivation, 110-111, 171

Intimidation of tenants by landlords, 7, 251-253, 263, 302-304, 325

Judges--
decisions of as to fines, 296, 299, 307
" " " foldcourses, 395-396
address of Lord Coventry to, 398
_See also_ Court.

Juries--
address of Hales to, 366-367
evidence as to depopulation before, 263, 366-367, 385
packed by landlords, 263, 385
service of 40s. freeholders on, 28, 36, 121

Justices--
of Assize, cases referred to, 373-376
" " action taken by, 374-376
of the Peace, actions taken by against depopulation in Lincolnshire, 386,
419-420
of the Peace, actions taken by against depopulation in Nottinghamshire,
386, 418-419
of the Peace, assessment of enclosed land by in Warwickshire, 169
" " failure of to administer Acts against depopulation, 384-385,
390
of the Peace, letters of Council to, 358, 376
" " orders of as to relief of poor in Cornwall, 272
" " presentments before of enclosers in Yorkshire, 375
" " returns sent to Government by, 386
" " social prejudices of, 384-385
" " views of as to enclosing in Nottinghamshire, 418-449

Kind, rent paid in, 211-212

King, _see_ Council, Court, and Index of Persons

Knight service, tenure by, 29

Labour, _see_ Labourers

Labour services--
Commutation of, 52, 58, 93, 98
of copyholders, 52-53

Labourers--
assessment of wages of, 23, 100, 308
at Axholme, 104
commons used by, 247
effect of enclosing on habits of, 106
immobility of, 270-272
immigration to towns of, 275-277
in Norfolk, 21-22
" Worcestershire, 23
" Yorkshire, 22
King's estimate of number of, 21
on monastic estates, 22
scarcity of, 100
social unimportance of, 342
unemployment of, 232-233

Land--
speculation in, 78-86, 381-382
wide distribution of, 99-104
_See also_ Agriculture, Arable land, Common land, Demesne, Holdings,
Meadow land, Pasture, Waste

Landholders, _see_ Peasants

Landless population, _see_ Labourers

Landlords, _see_ Manorial authorities

Land tenure, _see_ Copyholders, Freeholders, Leaseholders

Leasehold tenure--
advantages of to lord, 213-214
competitive rents under, 141-147
early development of among peasants, 80-81
effect of plague on, 93-95. 208, 286
on demesne land, 93-95, 201-214
on waste, 87-89, 141-144
substitution of for copyhold tenure, 301-304

Leaseholders--
division of demesne among small, 93-95, 204-209
eviction of, 283-287
letting of demesne to large, 210-211
manorial rights held by, 211
rack-renting of, 285
statistics as to, 25
rents paid by, 256
_See also_ Leasehold tenure

Levellers, complaints by as to enclosing, 149, 320-321

Leyrwite, 53

Lords of manors, _see_ Manorial authorities

Manor, the--
agricultural routine of, 102
changes in, produced by Great Plague, 88-95, 207-209
classification of tenants on, 25, 48
communism in, 159-161, 243-246, 338
copyholders kernel of, 288
court of, 47, 78-79, 86, 125, 159-160, 244-246, 292
custom of, 47, 124-131, 292-301
customs of, at Aldeburgh, 411-412
" " Bushey, 126-128
" " High Furness, 101
fiscal interests of lord in, 76-77
interpretation of documents relating to, 75-78
leased in sixteenth century, 201-213
part played in by authority and communal arrangements, 92-93
rigidity of exaggerated, 76, 89-90, 172
views of held by Maitland, 244, 305, 433
" " " Seebohm, 163
" " " Vinogradoff, 77, 92, 244, 290
unprofitableness of to lord, 304

Manorial authorities, the--
bargains made by with villagers, 205-207
bound by custom, 128-129
contemporary accounts of action of, 6-8
effect on of Tudor policy, 191, 197
" " rise in prices, 195-196
" " growth of woollen industry, 197-200
enclosing by, _see_ Enclosures
eviction by, _see_ Eviction
identity of interests of peasants with those of, 229, 257
large enclosures made by, 148-150, 154-155, 216-223
leasing of demesne by, _see_ Demesne, Leasehold tenure
opposition of to interference of Government, 397-399
" " " Somerset's policy, 367-368, 370
pasture-farming by, _see_ Pasture
permission to enclose given by, 157
petitions of copyholders to, 302-304
rack-renting by, 141-147, 285
resumption of land by, 285-287
small control of over freeholders, 29-30
speculation in land by, 381-382
villeins claimed by, 42-43

Maps, consolidation of strips shown by, 163, 222-223, 254-255

Map--
of Crendon, 221
" Edgeware, 172
" Maids' Moreton, 221
" Salford, 163
" Weedon Weston, 222
" Whadborough, 223

Markets--
effect of growth of, 215
in Norfolk, 22, 111-112
small development of, 110-112

Marriage, age of, 104-106

Meadow land--
belonging to a gild, 369-370
divided among peasants, 208
enclosed by manorial authorities, 219-221
" " peasants, 157

Mercantile system, the, 185, 313-315

Merchants, _see_ Commerce

Merchet, immunity from claimed by peasants, 53-54

Middleman, the farmer a, 234

Midlands--
chiefly affected by enclosure and conversion, 8-9, 167, 262-263, 405,
416-417
economic condition of, 63-66, 107
granary of country, 262
legal classification of tenants on manors in, 24-26

Military defence, importance of peasants for, 343-344, 415, 416, 418

Mobility of labour checked by law, 270-272

Monasteries--
agriculture on estates of, 225
demesne lands of leased, 203
oppression of tenants by, 43, 382
pasture-farming on estates of, 225, 382
persons acquiring estates of, 380
political effects of dissolution of, 383-384
rebellions partly motived by, 318-319, 322-323
social effects of dissolution of, 380-384
views of Aske on dissolution of, 319, 383
" " Cobbett on dissolution of, 382
" " Hibbert on dissolution of, 383
" " Gasquet on dissolution of, 383

Money--
increase in supply of in sixteenth century, 197-200
" " " effects of, 199-200, 304, 308-310
scarcity of, 198

Money rents--
corn payments substituted for, 198
general in sixteenth century, 211-212

"Nativi," _see_ Villeinage

New allotments--
distinction between customary holdings and, 95, 284-287, 289-290, 293-294
rents on, 141-147
resumption by lords of, 285-287

North of England--
absence of demesne from some manors in, 203
administration of Acts against depopulation in, 374-375
copyhold tenure in, 190-191
customary of a manor in, 101
demands of rebels in, 335-336, _see also_ Pilgrimage of Grace
economic conservatism of, 63-66, 189-191
enclosing by peasants in, 157-158
equality of holdings in, 63-66, 189
eviction from a manor in, 257-258
importance of numerous tenantry in, 189-191
labour services on a manor in, 52-53
preponderance of customary tenants in, 25-26
rebellions in, _see_ Pilgrimage of Grace
relations between lords and tenants in, 189-191
size of enclosures in, 154
undermining of customary tenures in, 303-305

Open field system, the--
advantage of, to peasants, 103-104
arrangement of demesne land under, 222-223, 254-256
early decay of in Kent, Essex, and Devonshire, 167, 202-263, 405
gradual modification of by peasants, 165-166, 172
ideas underlying, 169-170
inconvenience of, 171-172
picture of in maps, 163-164, 222-223
prevalence of in seventeenth century, 401-402
uncertainty of boundaries under, 235-236
_See also_ Common Land, Enclosures, Maps, Strips

Pannage paid by copyholders in sixteenth century, 53

Parks--
made by landlords, 148, 201
spared in Pilgrimage of Grace, 335

Parliament--
Act of to fix fines demanded, 335
Acts of, ineffectiveness of, 352-353, 355
attitude of freeholders to, 36, 39, 121-122
debates in on Enclosures, 343, 387-388
" " Poor Law, 273-275
" " subsidies, 345-346
petition of peasants to, 251
request to return member to refused, 387
_See also_ Acts of Parliament

Pasture--
acreage of held by customary tenants, 107
" " " farmers of demesnes, 225-226
" " on monastic estates, 225
administration of by village, 102, 159-161, 243-246
apportionment of to arable holdings, 240-241, 247
conversion of arable to, 223-230
division of by peasants, 157
enclosure of by peasants, 157, 170
" " manorial authorities, 219-221
importance of to peasants, 235, 239-242
reconversion of to arable, 367, 391-393
_See also_ Agriculture, Common Land, Farmers

Pasture-farming, _see_ Agriculture, Common Land, Farmers, Pasture

Pauperism, _see_ Poor Law

Peasants, the--
agricultural methods of, 105-112
contemporary pictures of, 132-134
demands of, 334-337
education of, 134-135
effect of loss of common rights on, 240-241, 253
enclosure by, 151-173
encroachments on waste by, 87-89, 284-287
eviction of, 253-265
helplessness of, 302-304, 325
importance of, fiscal, 344-347
" " military, 343-344
independence of, 29-30, 34-39, 132-134, 325-328
leasing of demesne by, 94-95, 204-210
national pride in, 20-21, 132-134
pauperism among, 270, 273-279
prosperity of, 132-134, 325
protection of by Government, 316-317, 351-400
rebellions of, 317-340
rents of, 115-121, 141-147
size of holdings of, 32-33, 64-65
upward movement among, 72, 75, 81-84, 96-98, 136
_See also_ Agriculture, Copyholders, Freeholders, Leaseholders,
Tenants at will

Pilgrimage of Grace--
agrarian demands put forward in, 322-324, 334-335
classes taking part in, 318-319, 322-324

Plague, _see_ Great Plague, the

Plantations, emigration to suggested, 270

Ploughmen, military importance of, 343-344

Policy, agrarian, _see_ Council, Court, Acts of Parliament

Poor Law, the--
agrarian causes of, 272-275
debates in Parliament on, 273-275
expenditure on caused by depopulation, 278-279, 418
Mackay's view as to origin of, 266-267
mobility discouraged by, 270-272
Orders of 1631, 279
slow development of, 269
vagrancy chief problem of, 268-269

Population, checks upon, 104-106

Population, the manorial, _see_ Peasants, Copyholders, Leaseholders,
Freeholders

Poverty, _see_ Poor Law

Prices--
effects of rise in, 199, 304, 308-310
regulation of, 308
Steffen's statistics of, 198

Programme of peasants--
in Pilgrimage of Grace, 334-335
" Norfolk, 335-337

Proletariat, peasants not a, 102

Protector, the--
Act protecting tenants on demesne lands of, 294, 365
attack of colleagues on, 367-368, 370
Court of Requests used by, 367
difficulties of agrarian policy of, 362-364
fall of, 370
proclamation against enclosures issued by, 367
" pardoning rioters issued by, 367
Royal Commission appointed by, 366
_See also_ Council, Court

Rackrents, _see_ Rents, Fines

Reaction, under Warwick against Somerset's agrarian policy, 367-368, 370,
372, 380

Reformation, the 339, 380-384

Rents--
competitive, growth of, 139-147
fixed, demand for in Peasants' Revolt, 146
" effect of on landlords, 199-200, 304-310
" " " peasants, 117-121
" neutralised by exorbitant fines, 118, 120, 305-307
" statistics as to, 115-117
fixing of by commissioners, 354
" " council, 369
paid in kind, 211
per acre of demesne land, 256
racking of, complaints as to, 235, 414
reasonable, demand for, 336

Revolts, agrarian, the--
conservative aims of, 333, 338-340
counties affected by, 318-320
directed against landlords, 323-324
in North of England, 318, 322-324
" Derbyshire, 329
" Norfolk, 324, 331-333
objects of, 333-337
organised character of, 325-326, 330-332
political importance of, 329, 340-341
sixteenth century, last age of, 318

Riots, agrarian, _see_ Revolts

Royal Commissions, _see_ Commissions

Salt silver, paid by copyholders, 53

Serf, _see_ Villeins

Service, _see_ Knight service

Services, labour, _see_ Labour services

Servants--
number of, employed in agriculture, 21-23
scarcity of, 21-23, 100
wages of, 100

Settlement laws--
origin of, 269, 275-276
popularity of, 276

Sewers, the Commission of, 395

Shack, common of, 234

Sheep--
driving of, 326
number of kept by peasants, 113
slaughtering of, 331, 332

Sheep-farming--
Acts restricting, 353-354, 360
by peasants, 113-115
by manorial authorities, 223-228

Slavery, legalisation of in 1547, 44, 269

Socage--
freeholders holding by, 29
tenants, rent of, 29

Sochemanni, large number of in East Anglia, 26-27

South of England--
contrast between conditions of North and of, 57, 63-66, 97, 103, 189
holdings of peasants in, 63-66

Speculation--
in land by peasants, 78-81
in monastic estates, 380-382
on money market, 186

Statutes, _see_ Acts of Parliament

Stinting of pastures, 160, 220, 241

Strikes, agrarian, 131, 330

Strips--
advantage of scattered, 103-104
difficulty of enclosing, 162-163
exchanging of, 164-165
formed into compact blocks by peasants, 163-165
" " " " manorial authorities, 221-223
inconvenience of to manorial authorities, 254-255
merged in demesne farm, 256
picture of, in maps, 163, 222-223

Subletting of land by peasants, 80-81

Subsidiary income of peasants from woollen industry, 114-115

Subsidies--
assessment of enclosed land to, 169
difficulty of collecting, 346
how assessed, 344-345
payment of by yeomen, 345-346

Subsistence, farming for, 111-112

Sub-tenants, taking of forbidden, 275-276

Surplus over rent retained by tenants, 118-121, 304-305

Surveyors--
account of agrarian conditions by, 5
attitude of in Northumberland, 189-191
unpopularity of, 349

Tallages, 53-54

Taxation, _see_ Subsidies

Tenants, _see_ Copyholders, Freeholders, Leaseholders, Tenants at will,
Peasants

Tenants at will--
insecurity of, 283
landlord compelled to grant leases to, 362
meanings of phrase, 47
statistics of number of, 48

Textile industries, the, _see_ Woollen industry, the

Tillage, _see_ Arable land

Trade, _see_ Commerce

Trade unionism among peasants, 131, 330

Tramps, _see_ Vagrancy

Transferring, the, of land--
facilities offered by court of manor for, 86
importance of in building up a middle class, 78, 85, 97
instances of, 80-81

Tudors, the, _see_ Index of Persons, Henry VII., Henry VIII., Edward VI.,
Elizabeth

Unemployment--
caused by enclosure, 232-233, 273, 278
methods of coping with, 269

Uses, Statute of, 323

Usury, 20, 109, 147, 307, 349

Vagrancy, chief feature of pauperism in sixteenth century, 268
effect of on towns, 275-277
" " open field/villages, 277-279
obstacles in the way of, 270-272
punishment of, 44, 269

Village community, the, _see_ Manor, the

Villagers, _see_ Peasants

Villeinage--
attitude of State towards, 43, 359
compatible with considerable prosperity, 43
examples of in sixteenth century, 42-43
reference to in Somersett's case, 44
traces of among copyholders, 52-54
views on of Fitzherbert, 46
" " Norden, 46
" " Savine, 41
" " Smith, 46

Virgates--
aggregation of in fewer hands, 59-60, 66-70, 72-75
examples of arrangement of, 66-67, 73-74
use of as a measure, 67-68

Virgators, _see_ Virgates

Wages, assessment of, 23, 100, 308

Wage labour, _see_ Labourers

Waste land of manor--
enclosure of by manorial authorities, 219-221
encroachments on, 87-89, 285-287
erection of cottages on, 277-278
great extent of, 88-89
improvement of under Statute of Merton, 87, 248
insecurity of tenants on, 285-287
overstocking of, 172, 242-243
reclamation of by capitalists, 394-395
rents of, 140-147
stinting of, 160, 220

Wool, _see_ Woollen industry

Woollen industry--
chief manufacture in sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries,
3, 186
effect of on agrarian conditions, 195-197
encouraged by Government, 197
expansion of in fifteenth century, 113, 196
spread of in rural districts, 114
Schanz's figures as to growth of, 196

Yeomen--
accounts of by Bacon, 28
" " Coke, 133
" " Fuller, 36-37
" " Harrison, 132
" " Latimer, 134
" " Reyce, 40
" " Smith, 28
education of children of, 134-135
forcible disseisin of, 37
legal definition of, 27-28
importance of, fiscal, 344-347
" " military, 343-344
" " social, 34-40, 132
national pride in, 20-21
_See also_ Freeholders, Peasants

INDEX OF PERSONS

Abbey of St. Albans, the, improvement of wastes by, 87

Abbot of Cerne, the, agreement by to enclose, 181
" Glastonbury, the, agreement by to enclose, 181
" Malmesbury, the, agreement by to enclose, 180-181
" Peterborough, the, dispute of with copyholders, 360
" St. Peter's, Gloucester, the, agreement by to enclose, 181

All Souls College--
enclosing on estates of, 156
scale of landholding, 69-70
maps of, 163, 172, 221, 222, 223
petition of in Chancery, 235-236

Ashley, Professor W.J.--
views of as to date of enclosing movement, 11
" " " legal position of copyholders, 290-292

Aske, Robert--
evidence of as to agrarian grievances, 319
" " " monastic economy, 383
Pilgrimage of Grace led by, 134, 319

Bacon, Francis--
bills against depopulation introduced by, 387
history of King Henry VII. by quoted, 28, 346
ideal of government of, 398
use of word "yeoman" by, 28
views as to pauperism of, 274

Bath, the Earl of, property of villeins seized by, 42-43

Becon, views of as to agrarian changes, 6, 7

Bell, William, commons enclosed by, 373

Berkeley, Lord Thomas, agreement by to enclose, 181

Bolen, Sir William, enclosing by, 380

Bracton--
on assize of novel disseisin, 122
villeinage, 292

Brudenell, Lord, fine imposed on for enclosing, 391

Buckingham, the Duke of--
enclosing by, 380
park made by, 148

Burleigh, Lord, advice of to Queen Elizabeth, 341

Cade, Jack, 194

Captain Pouch, part played by in revolt of 1607, 318

Cecil, Sir Robert--
views of on poor law, 273-274
" " military importance of ploughmen, 343
" " Statute of Inmates, 4, 279

Cecil, Sir William, letter to concerning Somerset's policy, 347-348, 368

Celys, the, wool purchased by, 196

Charles I., agrarian policy of government of, 391, 398, 399

Clarkson--
Northumbrian manors surveyed by, 5
views of as to equal use of commons, 235
" " " importance of commons, 160
" " " importance of numerous tenantry, 189-190

Cobbett, view of as to social effects of reformation, 382

Coke, Sir Edward--
petition of tenants to, 412-413
reports of, 247
view of as to acts against depopulation, 379
" " " copyholders, 289, 291
" " " border tenure, 299
" " " Statute of Merton, 248

Combe, William, enclosing by, 375

Cotton, Sir J., enclosing by, 380

Coventry, Lord, address of to Judges of Assize, 398

Cromwell, Thomas--
letter of to Henry VIII., 360-361
" " Rich, 361
responsibility of for agrarian distress, 360
tenants protected by, 361

Crowley--
"Information and Petition against the Oppressors of the Poor Commons" by,
365-366
views of as to agrarian changes, 6, 179
" " " attitude of landlords, 384
" " " excessive fines and rents, 307

Cunningham, Dr., account of origin of corn laws, 3

Cushman, Robert, remarks of on emigration, 270

Danbury, Lord, enclosing by, 380

Darcy, Lord--
dispute of with tenants, 380
letter to from Commons of Westmoreland, 322

Darrell, William, complaints of tenants against, 374

Davenport, Miss--
evidence as to leasing of demesne, 209
" " " progress of pasture-farming, 224

Dawney, Sir John, ordered to reinstate tenants, 361

De Malynes, Gerard, views of as to effect of rise in prices, 199-200

Defoe, "Giving Alms no Charity" by, 105

Delavale, Joshua--
account of depopulation at Hartley by, 258
"Seaton Delavale," 257

Delavale, Robert, enclosing and depopulation carried out by, 192, 257-258

Derby, the Earl of, eviction of tenants by, 361

Durham, the Dean of, account of depopulation by, 261

Edward VI.--
agrarian policy in reign of, 352, 362-372
Book of Private Prayer of quoted, 20
Remains of quoted, 6

Elizabeth, agrarian policy in reign of, 14, 372-374

Ely, the Bishop of, letter of Lord North to, 349

Englefield, Sir Francis, enclosing by, 148, 251-252

Everard, diggers led by, 321

Firth, _The House of Lords during the Civil War_ by, 38

Fitzherbert--
_Book of Husbandry_ and _Surveying_ by, 5
" " " on commons, 242
" " " borrowing, 109
" " " duty of housewives, 112
" " " enclosing, 151
_Surveying_ on commons, 249
" " copyholders, 288-289
" " enclosing, 150, 152
" " land taken from demesne or waste, 285
" " rack-renting, 150

Fortescue--
_On the Governance of England_ by, quoted as to fiscal importance, 346
" " " " " prosperity of peasants, 98, 133

Fowler, Dr. G.H., evidence of as to conditions at Aspley Guise, 73

Fuller--
_The Holy and Profane State_ by, quoted as to yeomen, 36-37
" " " " " fiscal importance, 346

Gairdner--
_Letters and Papers of Henry VIII._ edited by, quoted,
319, 322, 323, 324, 326, 327, 330, 334, 343, 347, 350, 361, 380
_Constitutional Documents of the Puritan Revolution_ by, quoted, 399

Gardiner, _History of England_ 1603-1642 by, quoted, 398

Gaskell--
_Artisans and Machinery_ by, 106
_The Manufacturing Population of Great Britain_, 106

Gasquet, _Henry VIII. and the English Monasteries_ by, 383

Gay, Professor--
views of as to progress of pasture-farming, 10, 195, 224, 263-265
" " revolt of 1607, 318, 320
" " small disturbance caused by enclosure, 11

Gneist, R. von, 400

Gonner, Professor--
evidence of as to continuity of enclosures, 11
" " " enclosures of eighteenth century, 263
" " " fines for depopulation, 386
" " " immigration into towns, 275

Grenvilles, the, lands of Buckland Abbey granted to, 194

Hales, John--
bills introduced by, 367, 385
charge to juries by, 367
departure from England of, 371
evidence of as to enclosing by peasants, 151, 167
" " " in fifteenth century, 11-12, 166
" " population, 105
" " rack-renting, 199
" " rise in prices, 199
part played by on Royal Commission of 1548-1549, 167, 360-367
remarks of on commons, 7
value of evidence of, 5-6, 386
Warwick's attack on, 368

Hammond, J.L. and Barbara, views of as to enclosures of eighteenth
century, 3, 183

Harrington, Sir J.--
views of as to decay of feudalism, 191
" " " effect of Tudor agrarian policy, 388-389
" " " rise of middle-classes, 38

Harrison--
views of on copyholders, 49, 56-57
" " depopulation, 105
" " diet of artificers and husbandmen, 132-133
" " Poor Laws, 271, 273
" " prosperity of yeomen, 10, 21, 40
" " superfluous trades, 19

Harry Clowte, 333

Hasbach--
quotation by as to advantages of copyhold tenure, 86
views of on age of marriage, 106
" " effects of Tudor commercial policy, 13

Henry II., Assize of Novel Disseisin established by, 122

Henry VII.--
commercial policy of, 112-113, 197
demand of peasants for conditions obtaining under, 98-99
enclosures made before reign of, 11-12, 166

Harrington on agrarian policy of, 38, 191, 388-389

Henry VIII.--
commercial policy of, 112-113, 197
intervention to protect tenants under, 360-362
letter of Cromwell to, 360-361

Herbert, Lord, _History of King Henry VIII._ by, quoted, 398

Herbert, William, Earl of Pembroke--
estates of, consolidation of peasant holdings on, 67-69
" " demesne lands on usually leased, 203
" " " " leased to capitalist farmers, 210
" " " " " " small holders, 204-205
" " " " " " village, 205-206
" " " " " proportion of pasture on, 225-226
" " statistics of duration of tenure and of fines on, 298
" " " " tenants on, 25
" " villeins on, 42
park of attacked by peasants, 194, 326
rebellion in West put down by, 324
share of in monastic estates, 324, 380

Humberstone--
manors of Duke of Devonshire surveyed by, 5
remarks of, on relation of lords to tenants, 349-350
" " on variety of manorial customs, 293

Huntingdon, the Earl of, request to elect his nominee, 387

Jack of the North, 333

Jack of the Style, 318

Jackson, Cyril, Report of on Boy Labour, 342

James I., agrarian policy of Government of, 374-375, 394, 398

Johnson, the Rev. A.H.--
views of, on decay of yeomanry in nineteenth century, 139
" " enclosure of commons, 9
" " entailing of land, 39
" " geographical distribution of enclosures, 261

Kalm, _Account of a Visit to England_ (translated by J. Lucas) by, on open
field system, 389

Ket, Robert--
manor held by, 326
programme of agrarian reform put forward by, 334-337
rebellion in Norfolk led by, 331-333

King, Gregory--
statistics of as to population, 21
" " " yield of an acre, 111

Kitchin, _Court Leet_ by, on copyhold tenure, 289

Latimer, Bishop--
complaints of by landlords, 368
remarks of on education of yeomen, 134-135
views of on agrarian changes, 6, 134-135, 347, 365, 386

Laud, Archbishop--
activity of on Depopulation Commission, 391, 399, 420-421
complaints of by landlords, 420-421

Lamond, Miss E.M., introduction by to _The Commonweal of this Realm of
England_, 7, 11, 105, 263, 331, 364, 366, 367, 368, 377, 385

Leadam, I.--
evidence of as to independence of peasants, 120-121, 325, 330
" " " protection of tenants by Government, 357, 360, 362
" " " size of enclosures, 154-155
" " " status of enclosers, 154-155
views of on copyhold tenure, 289-290, 292, 293
" " enclosing for arable, 10, 195, 224
" " geographical distribution of enclosures, 8, 262

Lee, J.--
_A Vindication of a Regulated Enclosure_ by, evidence of as to enclosures
of seventeenth century, 11, 151
number of labourers employed, 22
views of on uselessness of legislation, 319
" " yardlands, 67

Leicester, the Earl of, manor purchased by, 502

Leonard, Miss E.M.--
evidence of as to exclusion of immigrants by towns, 376
letter from Justices quoted by, 278-279
views of on enclosures of seventeenth century, 11
" " results of agrarian policy of Tudors and Stuarts, 348,
389-390

Lever, sermons by, 6

Lloyd, oppression of tenants by, 390

Locke, _Two Treatises of Government_ by, quoted as to limits of Government
action, 400

Mackay, T., views of on origin of Poor Law, 266-267

Maitland, F.W.--
evidence of as to fixed copyhold rents, 119, 305
view of as to nature of common rights, 244

Merton College--
letter to subwarden of, 30, 410-411
rents on estates of, 119
scale of landholding on estates of, 66-68, 73, 76, 85, 163

Moore, John--
evidence of as to enclosures of seventeenth century, 5, 11, 167
" " " pauperism caused by enclosures, 278

More, Sir Thomas--
evidence of as to enclosing for pasture, 6
" " " monastic economy, 382
remarks of on condition of workmen and artificers, 45
" " " nature of Government, 274, 372

Nasse, view of as to objects of enclosure, 10

Norden--
evidence of as to agriculture in Somersetshire, 110-111, 171
" " " constitution of a manor, 350
" " " copyhold and customary tenure, 47, 50
" " " enclosure by peasants, 151
" " " fixity of copyholders' rents, 118
" " " relations between lords and freeholders, 30
" " " rise in prices, 308
" " " security of freeholders, 30, 35
" " " unpopularity of surveyors, 349
" " " villeinage, 46
" " " wickedness of depopulation, 150

North, Lord, letter of to Bishop of Ely, 349

Northumberland, the Earl of--
fines on estates of, 299, 305
letter to, 303
petition to, 303-304

Page, statistics of as to commutation of labour services, 52

Paget, Sir William, letter of to Somerset on peasants' revolts, 319,
338-339, 368

Parker, Archbishop, address of to Norfolk rebels, 332

Pembroke, the Earl of, _see_ Herbert, Sir William

Petruschevsky--
_The Rebellion of Wat Tyler_ by, on improvement of wastes, 87
on land speculation by peasants, 81

Pollard, Professor, 264, 371

Pollock and Maitland, _see_ Maitland

Powell, E., _The East Anglian Rising_ by,
evidence of as to landholders, 21-22

Poyntz, Sir Nicholas, oppression of tenant by, 362

Pseudonismus--
_Considerations concerning Common Fields and Enclosures_ and
_A Vindication of the Considerations concerning Common Fields and
Enclosures_, evidence of as to the abuse of commons, 171, 278
evidence of as to depopulation, 167
" " " enclosing in seventeenth century, 11, 388
" " " legislation checking conversion to pasture, 388

Pyrce Plowman, 202, 318, 333

Raleigh, Walter (junior), on subsidies, 346

Raleigh, Walter (senior), part played in revolt of 1549, 194

Reyce, account by of prosperity of freeholders in Suffolk, 40

Rich, Lord--
enclosing by, 380
letter of Cromwell to, 361

Rogers, Thorold, statistics of as to prices, 13, 196, 198

Rous, evidence of as to enclosing in fifteenth century, 12

Russell, _Ket's Rebellion in Norfolk_ by, quoted, 98, 321, 324, 335, 368

St. John, Sir John, oppression of tenants by, 362

Sanders, part played by in agrarian dispute at Coventry, 326

Sandes, Richard, paper by on the evils of depopulation, 416-417

Sandys, Archbishop, letter of to Queen Elizabeth, 48-49

Savine, Dr. A.--
views of on copyhold tenure, 287, 292, 300
" " monastic economy, 203, 225, 226, 383
" " villeinage in sixteenth century, 41

Saye and Sele, Lord, name of returned among enclosers, 376

Schanz, Professor G., statistics of as to export of woollen cloth, 196

Seebohm, Dr. F., Domesday statistics quoted by, 27

Shakespeare, references to works of, 194, 343

Sheffield, Sir R., enclosing by, 380

Shrewsbury, the Earl of--
dispute of with tenants, 327
enclosing by, 380
letter from, 338-339

Slater, Dr. G.--

Summary of Depopulation Acts by, 353
views of on effect of statutes against depopulation, 389
" " geographical distribution of enclosures, 262
" " policy of Clarendon, 400

Smith, Sir Thomas--
_De Republica Anglorum_ by, on copyholders, 56-57
" " " " Court of Star Chamber, 358
" " " " villeinage, 46
" " " " yeomen, 28, 32

Somerset, the Duke of--
Act giving security to tenants on demesnes of, 294, 365
agrarian policy of, 362-370
Commission on Enclosures appointed by, 366
Court of Requests used by, 367
execution of, 370
proclamation issued by, 7, 367

Starkey, Thomas, _A Dialogue between Cardinal Pole and Thomas Lupset_ by,
on agrarian changes, 5

Starkey, Thomas, _A Dialogue between Cardinal Pole and Thomas Lupset_ by,
on encouragement of marriage, 105

Starkey, Thomas, _A Dialogue between Cardinal Pole and Thomas Lupset_ by,
on entailing of lands, 39

Starkey, Thomas, _A Dialogue between Cardinal Pole and Thomas Lupset_ by,
on relations between lords and tenants, 195

Steffen, Dr. G., statistics of as to price changes, 13, 198

Strype, J., _Ecclesiastical Memorials_ by, quoted, 315, 331, 366, 367, 368,
370, 380

Stuarts, the, _see_ Charles I., James I.

Throgmorton, Sir John, oppression of tenants by, 373

Tom of Trumpington, 333

Tusser, _Six Hundred Points of Husbandry_ by,
evidence of as to agrarian changes, 5

Unwin, Professor G.--
evidence of as to formation of compact holdings by peasants, 84, 164
" " " growth of capitalists in woollen industry, 186

Vermuyden, engaged to drain Great Level, 395

Vinogradoff, Professor P.--
Domesday statistics quoted by, 27
rights of common explained by, 244
views of as to equality of shares in fields, 77, 92

Walter of Henley on yield of an acre, 111

Warwick, the Earl of--
attack of on Hales, 368
" on Somerset led by, 380
character of Government of, 371-372
Ket's rebellion crushed by, 324, 332
share of in monastic estates, 380

Westmoreland, the Earl of, disputes of with tenants, 380

Willoughbys, the, 192

Wilson, Dr. Thomas--
views of on Canon Law, 307
" " usury, 109, 147, 307

Winstanley--
diggers led by, 321, 337-338, 376
views of, 337-338

Witte, Sir J., enclosing by, 380

Wolsey, Cardinal, agrarian policy of, 359-360, 397-398

Yorke, Sir John--
land speculation by, 381
oppression of tenants by, 285, 390

Young, Arthur--
views of as to open field system, 401, 405
" " " rents, 118

THE END

Transcriber's Notes

Obvious punctuation errors and omissions have been silently corrected, while those requiring interpretation have been left open.

"philosphical" changed to "philosophical" (page viii)

"engineeers" changed to "engineers" (page ix)

"For willsof husbandmen" corrected to "For wills of husbandmen"
(page 2)

"he" corrected to "the" (page 3)

the closing parenthesis was added to "(19.04%)" in Table I (page
25)

"Christain" corrected to "Christian" (page 42)

Footnote 145 had no anchor in the text; placement is based on
context (page 69)

A spurious ")" was removed following "No 324" (page 81)

an unclear fraction was rendered as "6-1/8" (page 107)

"writtings" corrected to "writings" (page 114)

"Wordonand Bilton" changed to "Wordon and Bilton" (page 158)

"Asslegge" was changed to "Asselegge" (page 181)

"Harrington's _The Art of Lawgiving_" was corrected to
"Harrington's _The Art of Law-giving_" (page 191, note 346)

Footnote 399 had no entry in the text, its placement is
speculative, based on the context (page 211)

"arbitarily" was corrected to "arbitrarily" (page 248)

"clases" was changed to "classes" (page 282)

"ntromittere" was corrected to "intromittere" (note 511) (page
292)

"beantiful" was corrected to "beautiful" (page 327)

"protecting the clsss" was corrected to "protecting the class"
(page 340)

"impoverishing the fines fighting material" was corrected to
"impoverishing the finest fighting material" (page 343)

Footnote 670 had no entry in the text, its placement is
speculative, based on context. (page 371)

"wasloste" was corrected to "was loste" (page 410)

"commonweath" was changed to "commonweal" (page 461)

The index page reference for the Earl of Leicester of "502" was
corrected to "302"

Hyphenation is sometimes inconsistent in the text. These inconsistencies have been retained:

bye-laws/byelaws
re-action/reaction
reallotment/re-allotment
sub-let/sublet
land-holding/landholding
over-stocking/overstocking
sub-tenants/subtenants
corn-fields/cornfields
sub-letting /subletting
foodstuffs/food-stuffs
lease-holders/leaseholders
countryside/country-side
re-adjustment/readjustment
sub-divided/subdivided
re-arranged/rearranged
re-arrangement/rearrangement
over-estimated/overestimated

If the discrepancies is between the text and the indexes, the indexes have been corrected to match the text.

"rackrenting" was changed to "rack-renting"
"foldcourses" was changed to "fold-courses"