Chapter XII: Part I: , for 1776, London, 1776, pp. 100-6. (The narrative is somewhat (10)

ACKERMAN, JOSEPH DIAZ, HENRY
ALEXANDER, ADOLPH DAVIS, ISAAC C.
ABRAHAM, JACOB DAVISON, LEWIS
ACKERMAN, DAVID FREEMAN, MORRIS
ACKERMAN, AARON FREEMAN, ALEXANDER
ALEXANDER, CHARLES FREEMAN, AARON
ADLER, WILLIAM FREEMAN, SAMUEL
ADLER, HENRY FUCHS, JACOB
ARNOLD, JACOB FUCHS, MICHAEL
ACKERMAN, JOSEPH FRANKS, HENRY P.
ACKERMAN, MORRIS GREEN, AARON
ABRAMS, ELIAS GREEN, MOSES
ACKERMAN, AARON GEIGER, GEORGE
ACKERMAN, ABRAHAM GEISINGER, JACOB
ABRAMS, JACOB GEISINGER, ISAAC
ARNOLD, MICHAEL GEISINGER, FREDERICK
ABRAMS, CHARLES GOTTSCHALK, SAMUEL
BUXBAUM, WILLIAM GREEN, AARON S.
BAER, JOSEPH GEIGER, JACOB
BEHRENS, CHARLES GREEN, JOSEPH
BAUER, JOSEPH A. GOODMAN, MARCUS
BALL, ABRAHAM HARRIS, DAVID
BACHMAN, JACOB HARDENDORF, JACOB
BAUER, JACOB S. HARRIS, ISAAC
BRILL, JACOB HOLZMAN, GEORGE
BAUER, MORRIS HARRIS, DAVID
BACHMAN, WILLIAM H. HARRIS, BENJAMIN
COLEMAN, MOSES HERRMAN, HENRY
COLEMAN, REUBEN HAHN, MARTIN
DAVIS, ISAAC HESS, CHARLES
DAVIS, NATHAN HESS, SAMUEL
HAHN, CHARLES KLEIN, SAMUEL
HARRIS, ABRAHAM KING, JACOB
HOFMAN, LEWIS KOHLER, ELIAS
HAHN, MORRIS LOEB, BENJAMIN
HOFMAN, DAVID LOZIER, ALEXANDER
HARRIS, SAMUEL LYON, EBENEZER
HOFMAN, BENJAMIN LYON, LEWIS
HOFMAN, ISAAC LEHMAN, JOSEPH
HART, DAVID MYERS, JULIUS
HOFMAN, JACOB MEYER, ALEXANDER
HARRIS, JOSEPH MEYER, HENRY
HARTMAN, GUSTAV MEYER, FRANK
HARRIS, JACOB B. MEYER, JOSEPH
HART, ISAAC MEIER, CHARLES
HART, JACOB C. MEYER, JOSEPH
ISAAC, HENRY MEIER, CHARLES
JACOBS, HENRY MEYERS, SAMUEL
JACOBS, WILLIAM MEYER, JACOB
JOSEPHS, FREDERICK MORITZ, GEORGE
JACOBS, JOSEPH MEYERS, ADOLPH
JACOBS, CHARLES MEYER, ISAAC
KING, MOSES MEYERS, JOSEPH
KOENIG, MAXIMILIAN MEYERS, LOUIS
KUHN, THEO. MARX, CHARLES
KOHLER, HENRY MEYER, JOSEPH P.
KUHN, FERDINAND MOSES, WILLIAM
KLEIN, LUDWIG MOSES, A.
KING, ISAAC MARKS, JOSEPH
KING, ISAAC M. MEIER, HERMAN
KING, JOSEPH MEIER, LEWIS
KONIG, GUSTAV NEWMAN, JOSEPH
KLEIN, JOSEPH NEWMAN, JACOB
KOCH, FREDERIC NEWMAN, JULIUS
KING, ALEXANDER NAUMAN, JULIUS
KUHN, JACOB NEWMAN, DAVID
KING, ABRAHAM NEWMAN, LEVI
KING, LEWIS NEWMAN, JOEL
KOHLER, JACOB NEWMAN, DAVID
SOMINSON, FREDERICK SIMON, HENRY
SANGER, CARL STAHL, LEOPOLD
SIMONS, JOSEPH VOGEL, FERDINAND
SIGAL, BENJAMIN VOGEL, LOUIS
SIMON, SAMUEL VOGEL, JOSEPH
SIMONS, LEVI VOGEL, LEWIS
SIMONS, JOSEPH WOLF, AUGUST
STEIN, LOUIS WEISS, ADOLPH
SIMONSON, JESSE WOLF, CHARLES
STEINBACH, JOSEPH WOLF, FREDERICK
SIMONS, ISAAC WOLF, JOSEPH
WOLF, WILLIAM

NEW YORK.

ASHER, MOSES BACHARACH, MORITZ
ASHER, ISAAC BERNSTEIN, DAVID
ASSENHEIMER, ISAAC BLUM, ADOLPH
ADLER, MOSES BRILL, HENRY
ASHER, DAVID BLUM, ISAAC
ADLER, MARCUS Baruch, M.
ASH, ISAAC BAER, ABRAHAM
ARNHEIM, OSCAR BALL, SIMON
ADLER, DAVID BACHMAN, ABRAHAM
AARON, DAVID BAER, MOSES
ASH, MOSES BIEN, MORITZ
ARNHEIM, GUSTAV BERLINER, A.
ASH, LEWIS BRESLAUER, ALEXANDER
AARON, LOUIS BAUER, JULIUS
AARON, MOSES BAUM, C.
ARNOLD, FRANK BLUMENTHAL, CHARLES
ALTMAN, ISAAC BAUM, WILLIAM
AUERBACH, GOTTLIEB BACHARACH, SIMON
ACKERMAN, ADOLPH BAMBERGER, LOUIS
ALTMAN, CHARLES COHEN, MOSES
ACKERMAN, GUSTAV DAVIDSON, JACOB
AUERBACH, MOSES DAVIDSON, ISAAC
BUNSTEIN, MOSES DAVIDSON, OSCAR
BACHARACH, MARCUS DAVID, MOSES
BLUMENSTEIN, MAYER DAVID, ISAAC
EPPENSTEIN, MORRIS LAZARUS, EDWARD
EHRLICH, J. LOWENTHAL, SIMON
EISEMAN, MAX LEDERMAN, MORITZ
FRIEDBERG, H. LOWENSTEIN, ISAAC
FRIEDMAN, ISAAC LANDAUER, JOSEPH
FLEISCHMAN, M. MANNHEIMER, MOSES
FRIEDMAN, ADOLPH MANN, JOSEPH
FLEISCHMAN, GEORGE MAY, ADOLPH
GOODMAN, MAYER MAAS, FREDERICK
GOTTLIEB, MOSES MANTEL, LEWIS
GOODMAN, M. MENDELSON, JOSEPH
GOTTLIEB, A. MARCUS, OSCAR
GOODMAN, LEWIS MANDELBAUM, ISAAC
GOLDSMITH, I. NATHAN, SIMON
HARRIS, M. NATHANSON, JACOB
HARRIS, GEORGE NUSSBAUM, MOSES
HARRIS, ADOLPH OPPENHEIMER, MAIER
HEINEMAN, ADOLPH OCHS, MOSES
HOCHHEIM, M. PINKSON, GUSTAV
JACOBSON, M. PROSKAUER, JACOB
JACOBSON, A. POLLOCK, ISAAC
JONES, DAVID POLLOCK, MOSES
JONES, MEIER POSNER, JOSEPH
JONES, OSCAR ROSENBAUM, JOSEPH
JONES, ADOLPH ROTHSCHILD, MEYER
JONES, MARTIN ROTHSCHILD, JACOB
KOHN, MAYER ROSENFELD, ABRAHAM
KOHN, ALEXANDER RAPHAEL, JOSEPH
KAUFMAN, ISAAC ROSENBLATT, JULIUS
KAHN, OSCAR STRAUSS, MOSES
KOCH, J. STRAUSS, OSCAR
KATZ, JACOB SINZHEIMER, GUSTAV
KONG, ISAAC SCHOENTHAL, GEORGE
LOEB, JACOB SELIGNAN, JOSEPH
LOEB, MOSES SCHOENBERG, MAYER
LICHTENSTEIN, JACOB SCHOENEMAN, HARRY
LIMBURGER, ISAAC SILBERMAN, MOSES
LEVY, BERNHARD SPIEGEL, LOUIS
LIPPMAN, MOSES SCHIFF, DANIEL
SCHONEWALT, MORITZ WEINBERG, JULIUS
SCHWAB, ADOLPH WIENER, MORITZ
SCHWAB, HENRY WEIL, JULIUS
STERN, FREDERICK WASSEMAN, MORRIS
SACHS, LEWIS WASSEMAN, SIMON
SCHLESSINGER, ELI WEINSTEIN, JOSEPH
SCHWARZSCHILD, HENRY WISE, SIMON

NORTH CAROLINA.

ABRAHAM, S. MEYER, SAMUEL
COHEN, MOSES OPPENHEIM, DAVID
MAYER, NATHAN WOLF, JOSEPH
Killed in action.

OHIO.

AARONSTEIN, I. COLEMAN, ABRAHAM
ALTMAN, FRANK COLEMAN, JACOB
ABRAHAM, ALEXANDER COLEMAN, DAVID
ACKERMAN, HENRY DAVIS, JOSEPH
ALEXANDER, JACOB DAVIS, ASA
ALEXANDER, ISAAC DAVIS, SAMUEL
ACKERMAN, JOSEPH DAVIS, FRANK
ALEXANDER, DAVID DAVIS, DAVID
ALTMAN, SAMUEL DAVIS, HENRY
ALTMAN, SOLOMON DAVIS, LEVI
BAUER, GUSTAV DAVIS, ABRAHAM
BALL, LEWIS DAVIS, OSCAR
BAUER, JACOB DAVIS, ELI
BALL, ABRAHAM DAVIS, ISAAC
BASH, MOSES DAVIS, LEWIS
BRILL, DAVID DAVIS, BENJAMIN
BALL, SOLOMON DAVIS, JACOB
BASH, BERNARD DAVIS, ISRAEL
BAER, ISAAC DAVIS, NATHAN
BAUM, CHARLES EHRLICH, ADOLPH
BLAU, EMIL EHRLICH, CHARLES
BLAU, A. EHRLICH, LEWIS
CLINE, JACOB FIX, BERNARD
FRANKS, GUSTAV HAHNEMAN, J.
FRANK, HEYMAN ISAACSON, HENRY
FRIEDBURG, PHILIP ISAACS, MOSES
FIX, LEWIS ISRAEL, ELIAS
FUCHS, DAVID JONES, ISAAC
FREUND, DANIEL JONES, HENRY
FREEMAN, ABRAHAM JONES, JACOB
FREUND, JACOB JONES, DAVID
FREEMAN, SAMUEL JONES, AARON
FRIEDMAN, JACOB JONES, JULIUS
FUCHS, JACOB JONES, LEVI
FRANK, DAVID KLEIN, JESSE
GREEN, ISAAC KLEIN, LEWIS
GREEN, JACOB KOCH, CHARLES
GOODMAN, JOSEPH KING, BENJAMIN
GOODMAN, DAVID KLEIN, CHARLES
GREEN, LEVI KING, JOSEPH
GREEN, DAVID KLEIN, HENRY
GREEN, ABRAHAM KONIGSBURGER, HENRY
HARRIS, SOLOMON LIPPOLD, JACOB
HARRIS, LEVI LUDWIG, LEWIS
HART, ISAAC LEDERMAN, JOSEPH
HOFMAN, HENRY LUDWIG, JACOB
HARRIS, EPHRAIM LESTER, BENJAMIN
HAYS, ALEXANDER LUDWIG, ISAAC
HELLER, CHARLES LEDERMAN, SAMUEL
HARRIS, ABRAHAM LUDWIG, DANIEL
HALLER, BENJAMIN LESTER, DAVID
HARRIS, SIMON LUDWIG, SAMUEL
HOCHSTEDTER, HUGO LIPPOLD, FREDERICK
HEINE, HENRY LUDWIG, NOAH
HART, FRANK LOWENSTEIN, J.
HARRIS, BENJAMIN LOWENTHAL, I.
HARRIS, SAMUEL LEVI, NATHAN
HART, BENJAMIN LEVI, HENRY I.
HARRIS, LEWIS MOSES, HENRY
HELLER, JACOB MARKS, LESTER
HAYS DAVID MANGOLD, HENRY
MOSES, PERRY PERLEY, V
MANN, LEWIS RAPP, DAVID
MARIENTHAL, SIMON RICH, CHARLES
MICHELS, ABRAHAM RAPP, ADOLPH
MOSES, ASA ROSE, AARON
MANGOLD, JACOB RAPP, JACOB
MARKS, JACOB ROSE, NATHAN
MUNZ, GOTTLIEB ROSE, DAVID
MOSES, CHARLES RUBD, WILLIAM
MANUEL, JAMES SCHWEITZER, JACOB
METZGER, JACOB SWITZER, HENRY
MANGOLD, GEORGE SAMPSON, FRANK
MOSES, JAMES SCHENK, SALOMON
MARX, J. H. SCHWARZ, GOTTLIEB
MOSES, ENOCH SCHLOSSER, S.
MANGOLD, JOSEPH SCHIFF, SIMON
MANN, ALEXANDER TACHAN, HENRY G.
MOSES, WILLIAM TANNHAUSER, A.
MOAK, J. UTZ, JACOB
MOSES, ENOCH UTZ, JOSEPH
NIEMAN, THEODORE UTZ, SAMUEL
NIEMAN, CHARLES YOST, EPHRAIM
OCHS, JULIUS YOST, DAVID
ORBANSKI, ABRAHAM YOST, CHARLES
PHILLIPS, EMANUEL YOST, DANIEL
PHILIP, NOAH YOST, HENRY
PHILLIPS, LEWIS WISNER, HENRY
PHILLIPS, DANIEL WITTKOWSKY, H.
PIKE, H. WITTKOWSKY, K.

PENNSYLVANIA.

DE YOUNG, CHARLES LEVY, ELIAS
FLEISHER, MOYER LEWI, DAVID
32nd Regiment of Pennsylvania SAMUEL ABRAHAM
State Militia. STERN, ISRAEL W.
HIGHHILL, ISRAEL Served four years and
HIGHHILL, SOLOMON three months.
LEHMAN, SOLOMON STERN, SIMON

SOUTH CAROLINA.

BARUCH, D LYONS, ISAAC L.
COHEN, O Seriously wounded.
Killed in action. MOSES, A. I.
COHEN, HENRY MOSES, ISAAC C.
Buried at Richmond. MENKEN, NATHAN
GOLDSMITH, ABRAHAM MILLER, EZRA B.
HIRSCH, ISAAC Killed in action.
JACOBS, HENRY MOSES, DR. FRANK J.
Killed in action. NATHAN, JULIUS
LEHMAN, ABRAHAM SIMON, A.
Killed in action. SOLOMON, H.
LEOPOLD, JACK WEISS, SAMUEL
Wounded in action. Killed in action.

TENNESSEE.

FELSENTHAL, ----} (Brothers) FRAUENTHAL, M
FELSENTHAL, ----} SOLOMON, ERNST

TEXAS.

FLEISCHEL, CAPTAIN MAYER, LEO E.
KAUFMAN, C. Captured.
KAUFMAN, K.

VIRGINIA.

BACHARACH, M. HOLZINGER, E.
Buried at Richmond. HESSBERG, I.
BACHARACH, S. Killed in action.
Buried at Richmond. KAYTON, HERRMAN
EICHEL, JACOB KROMER, C. H.
EICHEL, A. LEVIN, SOLOMON M.
FALK, EMANUEL MOISE, WILBORN
FLEISCHMAN, SOLOMON MARCUS, MADISON
GOLDBERG, ---- MILLER, CHARLES
GANS, LEON WEIL, CHARLES

WEST VIRGINIA.

BLONDHEIM, H.

ADDENDA TO LISTS OF SOLDIERS

[Additional names received after printing of lists, and before
close of present form.]

CHARLES BAUM served in the 80th Ohio Infantry, during the Civil
War. Mr. Baum is now a resident and a leading merchant of
Washington, D. C.

SOLOMON POLOCK and LOUIS POLOCK, two brothers, served in the Army
during the Mexican War.

LIEUTENANT LAUCHHEIMER, serves as Judge Advocate-general in the
Regular Army of the United States.

JACOB LYON enlisted in June, 1854, in Battery E, 2nd Regiment,
United States Artillery. He re-enlisted in June, 1859, and was
honorably discharged in June, 1864. Participated in eighteen
engagements.

CHARLES STEIN enlisted in the United States Marine Corps, June
22nd, 1864, at Philadelphia, Pa., became sergeant and was honorably
discharged, June 22nd, 1868. He died on March 6th, 1881, from
disease contracted while in the service.

MORITZ AUGENSTEIN served in Company E, 52nd Regiment, New York
Infantry, during the Civil War.

SIMON FLEISHER served in Company A, 18th North Carolina Infantry,
during the Civil War.

MORRIS M. KATZ served in Company A, 18th North Carolina Infantry,
during the Civil War.

ABRAHAM MAYER served in Company A, 18th North Carolina Infantry,
during the Civil War.

AARON STERN served in the Regular Army before and during the Civil
War. Now attached to the Record and Pension Division of the War
Department, at Washington, D. C.

CHARLES KATZENSTEIN, Regular Army, now connected with the Record
and Pension Division of the War Department.

BENJAMIN JACOBS, Regular Army, now in Adjutant General's office, at
Washington, D. C.

STATISTICAL.

NUMBER OF JEWISH SOLDIERS WHO SERVED IN DIFFERENT WARS OF THE UNITED STATES.

In the Continental Armies (including patriots) 46
In the War of 1812 44
In the Mexican War 58
In the United States Regular Army 96
In the United States Navy 78

IN THE CIVIL WAR.

Staff Officers in the Union Army 16
Staff Officers in the Confederate Army 24
Officers in the Confederate Navy 11
Soldiers classified in Regiments from different
States who served in the Union and Confederate
Armies during the Civil War 7038
Soldiers unclassified as to States who served
during the Civil War 834
Other Soldiers (indicated in Addenda) 12
----
Total in all wars 8257

IN THE CIVIL WAR.

NUMBER OF SOLDIERS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO STATES.

Alabama. 135
Arkansas. 53
California. 28
Connecticut. 17
District of Columbia. 3
Florida. 2
Georgia. 144
Illinois. 702
Indiana. 475
Iowa. 12
Kansas. 9
Kentucky. 22
Louisiana. 224
Maine. 1
Maryland. 7
Massachusetts. 174
Michigan. 130
Mississippi. 158
Missouri. 86
Nevada. 3
New Hampshire. 2
New Jersey. 277
New Mexico. 2
New York. 1996
North Carolina 58
Ohio. 1004
Pennsylvania. 527
Rhode Island. 4
South Carolina. 182
Tennessee. 38
Texas. 103
Vermont. 1
Virginia. 119
Washington Territory. 1
West Virginia. 7
Wisconsin. 331
Wyoming Territory. 1
----
Total. 7038

JEWISH PATRIOTISM IN CIVIL LIFE.

The foregoing lists of Jewish soldiers in the armies of the Civil War may well be supplemented by a review of Jewish activity in civil walks in connection with that momentous struggle. In the political movements for the abolition of slavery there were not lacking many Jews who took an active and at times a leading part in the moulding of public opinion, and the fact that the influence of these men did not become more widespread may be regarded as almost wholly due to their having been but recent immigrants from foreign lands and therefore comparative strangers in the communities in which they settled. Such men were Michael Heilprin, the scholar and philanthropist whose devotion to liberty had previously been attested by his activity as a member of Kossuth's civil staff during the Hungarian Revolution; Dr. Edward Morwitz, then a writer and afterwards publisher of the "Demokrat," a German newspaper of Philadelphia, and Rev. Dr. Sabato Morais, then and still at present the Rabbi of a Philadelphia congregation. Dr. David Einhorn's ardent advocacy of the abolition of slavery led to his removal from Baltimore; and in New York, Rev. Samuel M. Isaacs, then Rabbi of a congregation of that city and editor of the "Jewish Messenger," took an earnest part in the movement.

* * * * *

In the West, among the pioneers of the Jewish community, are to be named in this connection Dr. James Horwitz, of Cleveland; Rabbi Liebman Adler, then of Detroit; Henry Greenebaum, then a member of the City Council of Chicago; Edward Salomon, afterwards County Clerk of Cook county and subsequently Brigadier-General in the army, and Leopold Mayer and Michael Greenebaum, likewise of Chicago. In an article on the German pioneers of Chicago, published in a late issue in the "Times-Herald" of that city (June 9th, 1895), are printed some interesting reminiscences of ante-bellum times, wherein Mr. Mayer is quoted as follows:

"The fugitive slave law set us at loggerheads with the powers
that were. It was sometime in 1853 when a United States Marshal,
on the corner of Van Buren and Sherman streets, arrested a poor
devil of a negro as a fugitive. A crowd of citizens, led by Michael
Greenebaum, liberated the prisoner and on the same evening a big
meeting was held to ratify this act. The enthusiasm in this meeting
reached its highest pitch when Long John Wentworth entered the hall
and publicly declared from the platform that he would be with us in
resisting the enforcement of the barbaric law. From that time we
slowly but steadily marched up hill. The first official call for a
German mass meeting to join the Republican party appeared in the
'Staats Zeitung' signed by George Schneider, Adolph Loeb, Julius
Rosenthal, a cigar dealer by the name of Hanson and my humble self."

Here we find four Jews among five leaders of the German population of Chicago in a great political movement.

* * * * *

In another portion of the same article another of the old pioneers, William Vocke, Esq., referring to the record of the 24th Illinois regiment, is quoted as follows:

"Our regiment served three years and three months. With recruits
taken in from time to time, fully 1200 men had joined it. Only 240
of us returned. One company of this regiment consisted exclusively
of Hebrews. It was led by Captain Lasalle, who stuck it out with us
to the last."

* * * * *

Another striking incident of the forcefulness of Jewish sentiment in the great agitation that preceded the outbreak of the war is recorded by Rear Admiral George Henry Preble, U. S. N., in his "History of the Flag of the United States of America," (Houghton, Mifflin & Co., Boston, fourth edition, 1894.) We quote as follows: (Page 406).

"On the 11th of February, 1861, Mr. Lincoln, the President-elect
of the United States, left his home in Springfield, Illinois,
for the seat of government, accompanied by a few friends. His
fellow-citizens and neighbors gathered at the railway station to
wish him God-speed. He was visibly affected by this kind attention,
and addressed the assembly of his friends in a few words,
requesting they would all pray that he might receive the Divine
assistance in the responsibilities he was about to encounter,
without which he could not succeed, but with which success was
certain. Before leaving Springfield, he received from Abraham Kohn,
city clerk of Chicago, a fine picture of the flag of the Union,
bearing an inscription in Hebrew on its folds. The verses being the
4th to 9th verses of the first chapter of Joshua, in which Joshua
was commanded to reign over a whole land, the last verse being:
'Have I not commanded thee? Be strong and of a good courage; be not
afraid, neither be thou dismayed; for the Lord, thy God, is with
thee whithersoever thou goest.'"

* * * * *

In a recent speech at Ottawa, Kansas, on June 20, 1895, (quoted in the _Reform Advocate_, of Chicago, July 13, 1895,) Governor William McKinley, of Ohio, referred to this incident as follows:

"What more beautiful conception than that which prompted Abraham
Kohn, of Chicago, in February, 1861, to send to Mr. Lincoln, on
the eve of his starting to Washington, to assume the office of
president, a flag of our country, bearing upon its silken folds
these words from the first chapter of Joshua: 'Have I not commanded
thee? Be strong and of good courage. Be not afraid, neither be thou
dismayed, for the Lord, thy God is with thee, whithersoever thou
goest. There shall not any man be able to stand before thee all the
days of thy life. As I was with Moses so shall I be with thee. I
will not fail thee nor forsake thee.'

"Could anything have given Mr. Lincoln more cheer, or been better
calculated to sustain his courage or to strengthen his faith in the
mighty work before him? Thus commanded, thus assured, Mr. Lincoln
journeyed to the capital, where he took the oath of office and
registered in heaven an oath to save the Union. And the Lord, our
God, was with him, until every obligation of oath and duty was
sacredly kept and honored. Not any man was able to stand before
him. Liberty was the more firmly enthroned, the Union was saved,
and the flag which he carried floated in triumph and glory from
every flagstaff of the republic."

* * * * *

In reply to a letter addressed to him by the daughter of Abraham Kohn, Mrs. Dankmar Adler (whose husband, the architect of the Auditorium building and one of the architects of the Columbian Exposition, had fought through the war and been wounded at Chickamauga), Major McKinley wrote: "The incident deeply impressed me when I first learned of it, and I have taken occasion to use it, as in my speech at Ottawa, to which you refer.

"I am very glad to have been able to give publicity to this
striking incident, and I am sure that the family of Mr. Kohn should
feel very proud of his patriotic act."

* * * * *

The patriotism of the Jewish people in the support of the soldiers in the field was no less positive than their participation in the fray itself. The various bodies organized at the North for the support of the government, such as the Sanitary Commissions, counted a full quota of Jewish citizens among their membership everywhere.

Prominent in the West among these earnest co-workers in the cause of the Union was the lamented Benjamin F. Peixotto, of Cleveland, who severed the affiliations of an active political career and took an earnest part in arousing the patriotic sentiment of the people. He contributed largely of his means to the furtherance of the civil movements in support of the men at the front and attained a recognized position as a leader. When in 1872, the Jews of Roumania were subjected to persecutions by the Government of that principality, Mr. Peixotto was selected as Consul of the United States at Bucharest,[26] in which capacity his services were of marked importance to the cause of humanity and won for him the gratitude of the Jewish people at large, as well as the confidence and support of our government. Other Jewish patriotic leaders in the West during the war were Isidor Busch, of St. Louis; Henry Mack, of Cincinnati; Nathan Bloom, of Louisville, and others that ought, perhaps, to find mention here.

Notable in this connection at the East was Hon. A. S. Solomons, now the General Agent of the Baron de Hirsch Trust in the United States. Before the war and during its early years he was a leading Jewish citizen of Washington and enjoyed the confidence and esteem of President Lincoln, of Secretaries Stanton and Chase, and of many other leading spirits of the time. His home was a centre of patriotic activity and he made heavy sacrifices of his personal interest in behalf of the Union cause.

In the South, during the dark and trying days of the Confederacy, the Jewish citizens of that section displayed to the full their devotion to the cause which they held at heart. The Jewish Southerners were as zealous in their efforts as were their neighbors all about them, and however mistaken was their contention, they adhered to it tenaciously. A Jew, it is said, fired the first gun against Fort Sumter, and another Jew gave the last shelter to the fleeing President and Cabinet of the fallen Confederacy.

Throughout the country, North and South, the earnestness of the Jewish character found expression through an active participation by Jewish citizens in the great movements of the time. A closer examination of this feature of our subject would involve a detailed reference to the leading members of the various Jewish communities throughout the land, and carry us into fields beyond our present scope, which have already received the careful attention of other writers.[27]

* * * * *

One specially significant example of American Jewish citizenship and manly worth yet claims our attention. In New York, foremost in every patriotic movement, were the brothers Joseph and Jesse Seligman. The place that they filled in the affairs of that time and since has become a part of our country's history. Their influence in maintaining the financial credit of the Government during the war was of far reaching import for the cause of the Union, and the recognition of their services led President Grant to offer to Joseph Seligman, who died in 1880, a place in his Cabinet as Secretary of the Treasury. The universal esteem in which Joseph and Jesse Seligman were held, not alone as men of affairs, but as patriots, citizens and philanthropists, was well betokened by the expressions given to the public feeling when Jesse Seligman died. Some of these expressions may well be cited here, for Jesse Seligman was, _par excellence_, as perfect a type of the American Jew as he was typically an American citizen. He died in April, 1894, and from among the innumerable tributes to his worth, we cite a few of the expressions of some of the leading men of the metropolis, whose stations are a guarantee of their judgment and sincerity, and most of whom had known him through a generation of years.

Lengthy, comparatively speaking, in view of the necessary limitations of this volume, as are these several presentations, they yet command our full consideration by reason of their great significance.

* * * * *

Hon. Carl Schurz, on the occasion of the Memorial Services at the New York Hebrew Orphan Asylum, Decoration Day, May 30, 1894, painted for his audience in the following deeply thoughtful utterances a vivid picture of a model Jew and a model man:

"It is most fit that the memory of Jesse Seligman should be
celebrated here, on this very spot. I see him now, as he stood
here years ago, when the corner-stone of this magnificent building
was laid, and when, owing to his friendly invitation, I enjoyed
the privilege of taking part in the dedication ceremonies, I
see him, his face beaming with joy over the good that had been
accomplished, and with glad anticipation of the greater good still
to be done, for his whole heart was in this noble work. And here,
where his monument stands--not a mere monument of stone or brass,
but a living monument in grateful human hearts--here, where he
still lives and will not die, the lessons of his life may be most
worthily learned, not to be forgotten.

"Indeed, the legacy not only of benefactions, but of lessons which
that life has left behind it, may be, especially to the young
among us, if they understand well and treasure them up to inspire
and guide their hearts and minds, of far greater value than any
amount of his money that Jesse Seligman might have bequeathed to
them. Some of us may, perhaps, have envied him while he lived, as
an eminently successful man. But do we consider him worthy of envy
now, since he is dead? Why do we honor his memory, and wish that,
when we shall be gone, we should, in many respects, be remembered
as he is? Because he was a rich man? Certainly not; for that is
in itself nothing to be proud of. The ambition to be merely rich
is only a small and vulgar ambition. It may be gratified by the
accident of birth or of good fortune; it may be gratified by the
diligent and constant exertion of faculties, which do not by any
means belong to the higher attainment of human nature. Of those
who, in the history of mankind, left most fragrant memories behind
them, only very few were distinguished by great wealth, and the
mere possession of that wealth never constituted their title to
affection and reverence.

"Are we honoring Jesse Seligman because he was a successful,
self-made man? This is especially in our country of great
opportunities, not in itself a distinction deserving uncommon
esteem. I know, and no doubt you know, self-made men so
inordinately puffed up with their own success, so forgetful of the
merits of others in comparison with their own, so oppressive with
the ostentations and unceasing display of their riches as their
self-appreciation, that they rank among the most disagreeable
members of human society, making us wish that they had made
anything else but themselves.

"Or do we admire Jesse Seligman above others because he was a
patriotic man? No, for under ordinary circumstances it is only
a natural thing to be patriotic. Especially a citizen of this
Republic is more apt to attract attention and to be blamed when he
is not patriotic, than to be praised when he is.

"All these things, therefore, are in themselves not sufficient to
make a life valuable as a memory, and as an inspiration. Jesse
Seligman's life, as we look back upon it, is such a valuable memory
and inspiring lesson because he was above the ordinary level of the
merely rich, self-made, liberal and patriotic men.

"The ideal rich man is he, who not only has come by his wealth
honestly, but who uses his riches in such a fashion as to silence
the voice of envy, and to make those who knew him glad and grateful
that he was rich. To reach this ideal completely is given to but
few. But it may truly be said that Jesse Seligman approached it.
No doubt, he wished to be rich and worked for it. He valued the
acquisition of wealth, but he valued it most as the acquisition
of opportunities for something larger and nobler. He saw his
business success but not his higher ambition and his happiness in
his balance sheets. He felt himself greater and happier in this
orphan-home than in his bank. He made his wealth a blessing to
others; he enjoyed it the more, the greater the blessing to others
it became, and there were many who wished him to be much richer,
knowing that his greater wealth would only have become to many
others greater relief and comfort. He was such a self-made man as
it is a joy to meet. In a high degree he had the self-made man's
virtues and was remarkably free from his faults. He never forgot
his lowly beginnings, but never boasted of them, to contrast his
success with other people's failures. His recollections only
stimulated his sympathy with those less fortunate than himself.
He did not in his affluence affect the rough simplicity and
contempt of refinement in which upstarts sometimes demonstratively
please themselves and which is only a coarse form of vanity; and
still less was he an ostentatious swaggerer bent upon letting
the world perceive that he possessed his millions. He lived with
his family in a style becoming his means, but with the modesty
becoming a gentleman. There was no gaudy display of riches, no
obtrusive flashing of diamonds on hotel piazzas, and no flaring
exhibition in opera boxes. But there was nothing mean about him or
his. The hospitality of his house was hearty and most generous,
but it abstained from anything that might have made one of his
guests feel poor or small. Nor was there anything in him of that
superciliousness not unfrequently met with in rich men which claims
for them much wisdom, because they have much money.

"In all my experience I have never met a rich man, more modest,
more generous more tolerant of adverse opinion, or a self-made man
less overbearing, less vain-glorious, and less conceited, more
sympathetic and more helpful. As a matter of fact, he was thought
much richer than he really was--richer not because of his display,
but because of his benefactions. To judge from the good he did,
his wealth should have been much greater. He was a liberal giver,
but he gave much more than money. That rich man only manifests
the true spirit of benevolence who not only gives to the needy,
but who also thinks for them and works for them. It was by this
that Jesse Seligman proved the genuine gold of his humanity, and
nowhere did this gold shine more brightly than on this very spot.
There was indeed no charitable enterprise within his reach that did
not feel the generosity of his open hand, and, when needed, the
kindly thoughtfulness of his counsel, from the hospital and the
home for the aged up to that remarkable triumph of wisely directed
energy, the Hebrew Technical Institute, which not only successfully
demonstrates that the Jew, when well guided, will take to skilled
handicraft with enthusiasm and with the whole force and ingenuity
of his nature, but which also in its plan, organization and conduct
may serve as a noble model of its kind to the educators of any
country and of any creed.

"All such endeavors could count upon Jesse Seligman's bountiful
aid; and when his last will was opened and the community saw
the list of the benevolent institutions to which he had left
bequests, without regard to religion or nationality, with
unsurpassed catholicity of spirit, people asked with wonder, not
what opportunities for doing good he had thought of, but whether
there was any he had failed to remember. It was, however, here
in the Orphans' Home that his heart found its favorite field for
beneficent work. Here he lived on the best of his nature. It was
truly touching to see this man, loaded down with the enormous
responsibilities and cares of a vast financial business, at least
once a week, every Sunday morning, wend his way to this house,
forget all about bonds and stocks and syndicates and chances of
gain and financial crises in which fortunes might be lost, and to
give all his thoughts to the little ones who are cast upon the
mercy of the world, and study and scheme and work--as indeed he
did often also when he was not here to turn sunshine upon their
bereaved existence--to arm them for the struggles of life, and to
enable them to become useful, self-reliant, self-respecting and
happy citizens of a free country. This was the work he loved most,
which satisfied his fondest ambition and in which he found the most
genuine happiness. In the best sense of the word he was the father
of the fatherless and it was his active, untiring and unceasing
care for the welfare of these children, more than any other of his
benefactions, that stamped him as a truly benevolent man, a genuine
friend of humanity and therefore this is the noblest and most
enduring of his monuments.

"He was a patriotic man--not in the sense merely that he cheerfully
performed all his duties as a citizen, or that he gave the
government valuable advice and aid as a financier whenever called
upon--but that he ardently loved his adopted country, was proud of
it and was not only willing but eager to serve it. Some gentlemen
of high standing among us here have in their published tributes to
Jesse Seligman's memory, regretfully mentioned the fact that he
and his son, too, have been struck at by anti-Semitic hostility,
by that narrow-minded, contemptible spirit which revived the
prejudices of dark ages and which seeks in barbarous persecution
the remedy for evils, for which popular ignorance, sloth and
improvidence are in the largest manner responsible; a spirit so
utterly abhorrent to justice and enlightened reason, that it is
difficult to understand how a person of self-respect can share it
or behold it in others without shame and indignation.

"I have heard it said that a Jew cannot be a patriot because he
has no fatherland. Those who say so do not want the Jew to have a
fatherland and would, if they had their way, make it impossible
for him to be a patriot. A country can hardly expect those of its
inhabitants to be ardent patriots whom it treats as aliens or
outcasts. In the same measure as an anti-Semitic spirit prevails,
a Jew is a patriot under difficulties. If he is a patriot under
anti-Semitic persecution, that patriotism is in him a virtue of
especial merit. And this virtue Jesse Seligman possessed in the
highest degree. I saw him and spoke with him when the smart he had
suffered was fresh. I know how keenly he felt it, but I know also
that had at that moment the country, or what he understood to be
the public interest, demanded of him any service or any sacrifice
he would have offered it with the same enthusiastic devotion that
ever had animated him. He would have remained a patriot in spite
of any difficulty--a shining example for his own race to follow,
putting to shame its revilers; indeed, an example to every citizen
of whatever creed or origin.

"And now he lies in an honored grave, and by it stand with sadness,
but also with pride, his dear ones whom he loved so much, and who
so warmly returned his love. And you all have come, rich and poor,
native and foreign born, Christian and Jew and Gentile, with hearts
full of respect and affection for the man who understood the great
truth, and whose life has taught the greatest lesson, that our
truest and most enduring happiness springs from the contributions
we make to the happiness of others--a lesson that every one may
follow according to his means and opportunities, each in his sphere
and in his way, to win the same happiness and to deserve the same
honor. It may well be said that he had not lived in vain whose life
has left its mark in the advanced well being of his kind; and there
are multitudes of human beings whose tears he has dried, whose
distress he has relieved, whom he has helped to make strong for
the struggle of life who now and ever will gratefully affirm and
proclaim that Jesse Seligman has surely not lived in vain, and who
will never cease to bless his memory."

* * * * *

Ex-Postmaster General Thomas E. James, President of the Lincoln National Bank of New York City, wrote the following graphic and affecting tribute:--

"I have received the news of the death of Jesse Seligman with the
shock which comes only with the announcement of the sudden loss
of an old and valued friend. My acquaintance with him commenced
away back in the sixties; and I dearly learned to value his
sturdy honesty, his integrity, untiring industry, and his genial,
warm-hearted friendship. Moreover, I was impressed, in those dark
days when I first knew him, with his sterling patriotism, he being
one of those men of foreign birth who seemed to go beyond those of
us of native birth, in the all-consuming zeal and devotion for our
common flag. I think that is what particularly attracted me towards
Mr. Seligman; and I soon found that he really did understand more
fully and completely, perhaps, than many of us did, what the war
meant and what the result would be. He was one of those men, too,
who, when some were anxious, speaking hesitatingly about the
outcome, gave by his courageous faith and heroic example, a grand
impulse of which we afterwards saw the results in that impressive
tender by the financiers of New York of their credit and their gold
to the government in its extremity.

"He had undying faith in General Grant, too, in those dark hours.
He was one of the few men in New York who knew him personally,
and he never wavered in his confidence in the great commander's
ability to carry the war through to a successful issue. Later on we
learned the grounds of his faith; for he was probably the oldest
acquaintance of General Grant in New York, having become acquainted
with him in Watertown, N. Y., where Grant was then stationed as a
Second Lieutenant; and he had afterwards renewed the friendship,
when General Grant was sent as First Lieutenant to the Pacific
Coast, where he found his old friend Seligman one of the argonauts
of California.

"It was given to me, in an especially affecting and touching
manner, to see some of those traits in Mr. Seligman's inner life
and his family surroundings, which made his home one of the most
delightful in New York, and gave to him unusual charms in social
and friendly intercourse. I saw those qualities displayed in that
sad, sad summer of 1881, when General Garfield, stricken with an
assassin's bullet, lay on his deathbed, in a cottage at Elberon.
Mr. Seligman's summer home was at Long Branch; and, with that
thoughtful consideration and tenderness which distinguished the man
he showed the official family of the dying President courtesies
and kindnesses that were very grateful and which can never be
forgotten. A more pleasant family circle than Mr. Seligman's I
never met; and I will never cease to remember the charm of that
fireside. There, perhaps, Mr. Seligman was seen in the highest
display of the beautiful qualities of head and heart that made him
not only foremost as a great financier, but as a faithful friend....

... "Of course, I do not need to speak of his genius as a
financier. His name and fame in that particular are secure; and
his achievements will become traditions in the history of those
influences which have made this country the great financial power
among the nations of the earth."

* * * * *

Ex-Judge Noah Davis wrote as follows:

"By the death of Jesse Seligman our country loses a loving and
faithful citizen and friend. He loved America, though not his
native land, with all the ardor of a native, enhanced by a keen and
tender sense of gratitude for what it had done for his race and for
him and his brothers ever since they became its adopted sons.

"I have never met any foreign-born American citizen more prompt to
express warmly and gratefully this sentiment; and yet it will be
rare to find one who has so amply and generously repaid it. His
gratitude was not confined to words. His deeds preceded his words;
and if it had ever been necessary, he would have staked his whole
fortune and his life as well, for our country and its institutions.

"I recall an occasion, when he and I left the Union League Club
together, at a late hour one evening, and walked arm in arm up
the avenue to our homes. I listened as he gave me some happy
reminiscences of his busy life. When we reached the street, I
stopped to part with him. "No," said he, "I will walk further with
you," and he kept on till he reached my home on 50th street. "Now,"
I said, "it is my turn to walk with you, sir," and we walked slowly
back to his own street, where we compromised by his walking half
way back with me. In that delightful walk he developed to me his
loving nature toward our country, its government and its people. I
was chiefly a listener, but a deeply interested and pleased one,
for I could see and feel that a pure-hearted and patriotic man was
talking from the inmost bosom of a noble and tender nature.

"A few days before General Grant sailed on his tour around the
world, the brothers Seligman gave him a farewell dinner at
Delmonico's. There were forty or fifty people present. General
Grant was then fully relieved from all public cares, and felt that
the honors shown him on that occasion were the tribute of pure and
disinterested esteem and affection. He talked with me as I sat
near him of the services his hosts had rendered the government
during the war and to himself during his administration, with a
warm sense of what was due to their genuine patriotism. It happened
afterwards, and after his return from his Eastern tour, that I met
with General Grant in Paris. He spoke on that occasion of that
dinner and his great enjoyment of the evening, and gave a warm
expression of his esteem for the Seligmans and for their services
to the country and himself.

"It was a merited tribute of a noble man to worthy citizens and
friends, and I am glad to lay it now where General Grant would have
placed it--on the bier of Jesse Seligman, his devoted friend....

... "With all his skill, ability and success in business, with
all his love for his country, his devotion to order and good
government, his deep and tender attachment to his family and
friends, I think his chief virtue was 'Charity,' and that most
comprehensive and beautiful word should be inscribed on his tomb."

* * * * *

From General Horace Porter:

"The news of the death of Jesse Seligman has fallen upon many of
the most prominent business men in New York with something akin
to the quiet of a personal bereavement. Few of our citizens have
been more generally known or more highly esteemed. His sudden
removal from the company of his friends and from the active walks
of business life brings a deep regret to many hearts and recalls
the admirable traits which adorned his character. My personal
acquaintance with him began a few years after the war. I had before
that time heard officers of the army and others speak in admiring
terms of him during his sojourn on the Pacific Coast, where he had
displayed so much public spirit and such indomitable courage at the
time the law-abiding citizens were trying to redeem that community
from the domination of the criminal class. I found him displaying
the same qualities in the metropolis which had commended him to his
fellow-citizens in the West. He had been loyally devoted to the
cause of the Union in the great struggle for the preservation of
its integrity, and was always an ardent laborer in all great works.
He was never known to be anything but fearless in the advocacy of
the principles he believed to be right, and always manifested his
faith by his works.

"His death removes a foremost figure in our national and business
life; and we shall long look for one to take the place of this
man, Who by his genius as a financier, his broad liberal charity,
and his loving kindness towards suffering humanity, will long be
remembered; for Mr. Seligman's life and work have made him one of
the benefactors of mankind."

* * * * *

From F. B. Harper, President Mutual Reserve Fund Life Association:

"Few names in the financial and business world of New York are
better known than that of Jesse Seligman, financier, banker,
philanthropist, and citizen. It may truly be said of Mr. Seligman
that he attained one of the highest positions of good citizenship
in the metropolis of the nation. While, strictly speaking, a
financier, he was ever ready to bring capital, business experience
and financial ability into the broader industrial enterprises of
the nation which, in their building up, employ labor, pay out vast
sums in wages, add comfort to the masses, and bring prosperity
to the country. He was not a mere banker, but closely identified
with sound enterprises, which have built up the Empire State
and developed the resources of the republic. He was a man to be
respected, to be looked up to, and his career, as it seems to
me, is one that may well be studied to advantage by the youth of
his race and his country. The Hebrew race has undoubtedly given
to the world more of the most extraordinary instances of great
wealth, but at the same time it has produced many of the greatest
philanthropists the world has ever known.

"It is difficult to sum up in a few words such men as Mr. Seligman.
He was a man who, by his example, as well as his action benefitted
the community of which he was an honored member, and his death will
be greatly regretted, not only by those who knew him intimately,
but the whole community, because his demise will be a real loss to
them. Our wealth of humanity is not so great, even in this great
city, that we can afford to lose many such citizens."

* * * * *

From Henry G. Marquand, Esq., President, Metropolitan Museum of Art:

"I was not brought in contact with the late Jesse Seligman as often
as some others, but during twenty years or more I saw enough of
him to form a very high opinion of his work as a citizen of this
republic. His views were always of the broad and generous stamp.
They were not confined to the various schemes of philanthropy, but
extended to the enterprises relating to high culture at home and
abroad, and by contact with him it was easy to see how quickly his
sympathies were aroused in favor of everything good...."

* * * * *

Ex-Mayor Abram S. Hewitt, expresses himself as follows:

"The story of Jesse Seligman's life should be produced as the best
commentary on his career, and as an encouragement to all young men
who are starting out on the journey of life. * * * Perhaps the most
admirable point of his character was his catholic charity for the
opinion of others and his willingness to co-operate in every great
movement without regard to creed or race."

* * * * *

From Cornelius N. Bliss:

... "No truer friend, once in Jesse Seligman's confidence did
man ever have. With his partners, his brothers, he has been of
inestimable service to the United States Government from the time
of the Civil War.

"A believer in Republican principles, he was a quiet but
all-important influence in the councils of his party. Sagacious
in counsel, always for peace and unity, liberal in view,
rendering to all their just dues, he will be sorely missed in all
circles--social, charitable, business and political."

* * * * *

The foregoing may be fitly supplemented by the following extract from a sermon delivered by the late Henry Ward Beecher, June 14, 1877. Mr. Beecher's pointed references to the absurd prejudices which so frequently manifest themselves at summer resorts have not yet lost their force or application:

"I have the pleasure of the acquaintance of the gentleman whose
name has been the occasion of so much excitement--Mr. Seligman. I
have summered with his family for several years. I am acquainted
with him, with his honored wife, and with his sons and daughters;
and I have learned to respect and love them. During weeks and
months I was with them at the Twin Mountain House; and not only did
they behave in a manner becoming Christian ladies and gentlemen,
but they behaved in a manner that ought to put to shame many
Christian ladies and gentlemen. They were my helpers and they were
not only present at the Sunday services at the Twin Mountain House,
but they were present at the daily prayer meetings on week days,
volunteering services of kindness. I learned to feel that they were
my deacons and that in the ministration of Christian service they
were beyond the power of prejudice and did not confine themselves
to the limitations which might be prescribed by their race."

Hon. Carl Schurz makes reference, as the reader will have noted, to the "unsurpassed catholicity of spirit" manifested by Jesse Seligman's "bequests without regard to religion or nationality." Among the beneficiaries of his concluding bounty were numbered no less than thirty-six different non-Jewish institutions, the aggregate of these legacies amounting to a very large sum. Unsurpassed as was this breadth of liberality, it was by no means the first time when a Jew gave signal evidence of the supreme catholicity of Judaism and the Jewish spirit. Adverting but passingly to the story of Hyam Salomon's liberality, we may stop to remember that Judah Touro, whose patriotism had been attested with his blood in the defense of New Orleans, in 1815, left in his last will and testament in 1854, an example of catholic munificence unequalled before his time and unsurpassed since. Over and above the various bequests made by him to Jewish institutions in different cities of the Union, he left amounts averaging $5000 to fourteen charitable institutions under the control of various Christian denominations, besides $80,000 to the municipality of New Orleans for the poor of that city, and $10,000 to the city of Newport, R. I., for a public improvement. This latter formed the nucleus of the public park of that city, which has commemorated in its "Touro Avenue" the public spirit of this Jewish citizen, who has yet another memorial on Bunker Hill monument, to the erection of which he so largely contributed.[28]

Michael Reese, of San Francisco, who died in 1878, bequeathed amounts aggregating $70,000 to a number of non-Jewish charities, besides $50,000 to the University of California, and left provisions which eventuated in the establishment of the non-sectarian Michael Reese Hospital of Chicago. Rosenna Osterman, of Galveston, and Isidor Dyer, of the same city, divided their estates among charitable institutions without distinction of creed.

* * * * *

Miss Ellen Phillips, of Philadelphia, whose long and useful life, constantly devoted to the cause of charity, closed on February 2, 1891, after aiding the cause to which she was devoted by her unceasing munificence during her lifetime, bequeathed the bulk of her property to various charitable institutions. She left the large collection of paintings and statuary which she inherited from her brother, the late Henry M. Phillips, to the Commissioners of Fairmount Park, as an addition to the collections in Memorial Hall, and divided a very large sum of money among numerous charities, naming ten different non-Jewish institutions among her beneficiaries.

* * * * *

The will of Dr. J. D. Berndt, of Pittsburg, Pa., divides a considerable estate almost equally between Jewish and non-Jewish institutions, over twenty of the latter class being named, and the residuary estate of nearly $35,000 is equally divided between the American Hebrew College of Cincinnati and Carnegie Library of Pittsburg.

* * * * *

Simon Muhr, of Philadelphia, whose untimely death in February, 1895, was mourned by Jew and Gentile alike, after making certain personal bequests and devoting a fund of $10,000 for the support of scholarships in the University of Pennsylvania, left the residue of his large estate to be divided into three parts, one part to be allotted among Jewish charities, one part among non-Jewish charities, and the third part for the improvement of the public school system of Philadelphia.

The Philadelphia _Times_ concluded an editorial reference to the death of Simon Muhr as follows:

"It was his broad and simple tolerance, his unfailing charity
of heart as well as hand, his willingness and even eagerness to
take personal trouble, not only to relieve distress, but to right
wrong, and to defend the victim of oppression, however humble or
disreputable, that gave Simon Muhr a peculiar position in the
community and a peculiar usefulness. He was an example in this way
to many a professing Christian, whose reading of the parable leads
him only to condemn the priest and the Levite, and not to imitate
the Good Samaritan."

The instances of Jewish citizenship and catholicity here cited are but the more prominent examples of that spirit. Only less conspicuous, but with equal breadth and depth of feeling are many more that would likewise point a moral for us all.

FOOTNOTES:

[26] The appointment of Mr. Peixotto to the Roumanian Consulate was initiated and brought about by Hon. Simon Wolf, who afterwards made a tour among the lodges of the Order of B'nai B'rith for the purpose of raising funds to strengthen the Consul's position at Bucharest and to enable him to more effectively exert his influence in behalf of the persecuted Roumanian Jews.

In this connection mention may well and properly be made of Mr. Wolf's untiring efforts, both in his early home in Ohio and later in Washington, in behalf of the Union cause. The movements organized by Mr. Wolf in Washington for the systematic aid of the sick and wounded in the numerous hospitals then established in and about Washington gained for him the recognition of the Government and the friendship of General Grant. In this work Mr. Wolf enlisted the support of the mass of the Jewish citizens of the District and especially the active co-operation of the women of the Jewish community. General Grant, when he became President, appointed Mr. Wolf Recorder of the City of Washington and he was subsequently appointed by President Garfield to the mission at Cairo as Diplomatic Agent and Consul General in Egypt.--EDITOR.

[27] See Marken's "The Hebrews in America," New York, 1888; Judge Charles P. Daly's "Settlement of the Jews in North America," edited by Max J. Kohler, New York, 1893; "History of the Jews of Boston and New England," by A. G. Daniels, Boston, 1892; "Eminent Israelites of the 19th Century," by Henry S. Morais, Philadelphia, 1880; "The Jews of Philadelphia," by the same author, Philadelphia, 1894, and the publications of the American Jewish Historical Society.

[28] See pages 63-4.

JEWS IN LATIN AMERICAN SETTLEMENTS.