Chapter LI: Summary and General Deductions (3)

Tate, G., ii. 3, 113
---- R., ii. 204
Tatlock, Mr. R. R., i. 273, 278
Tawney, E. B., i. 157
Teall, Mr. J. J. H., i. 90, 114, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 156, 192, 194,
200, 207, 210, 275, 277, 290, 311, 336, 338, 346, 407, 449; ii. 2, 3,
5, 7, 11, 32, 44, 113, 131, 134, 135, 137, 138, 140, 144, 149, 292, 293,
329, 367, 368, 369
Teesdale, i. 228
Termier, M. P., ii. 375
Terrestrial volcanic eruptions, i. 50
Tertiary Volcanic Series, ii. 181
Subaerial character of eruptions, ii. 103, 198
Scenery of, ii. 255, 256, 349, 391, 405, 408
The Plateaux, ii. 183, 249;
lavas of, 183, 218, 236, 256;
thickness of individual sheets, 192, 206, 254, 257;
lenticular character of lavas of, 193, 257;
greatest depth of, 210, 211, 213, 260;
tuffs and clays of, 194, 202, 204, 211, 222, 225, 251, 258, 277,
284, 287;
non-volcanic fragments in, 196, 211, 213, 219;
lignites of, 198, 203, 208, 213, 251;
gravels and conglomerates of, 198, 212, 238, 256;
coal of, 213, 251, 256, 287;
leaf-beds of, 204, 212, 222, 225, 288;
carbonaceous nature of the upper parts of intercalated sediments in,
223, 226, 227, 229, 232, 251, 288;
evidence for intervals between the eruptions in, 203, 205, 208, 221,
228, 240, 245, 251, 254, 288;
no evidence of great central vents in, 208, 214, 255, 258, 260, 267;
faulted condition of, 200, 208, 209, 452;
subsidences of, 205, 208, 209, 214, 447;
ancient river channels of, 217, 228, 231, 234, 456;
volcanic cones of, 202, 218, 230, 277, 281, 285;
paralleled by the modern Icelandic eruptions, 260;
vents of, 202, 218, 230, 270, 276
The Basic sills, ii. 298, 304
The Gabbro bosses, ii. 327, 349, 355, 358;
history of the gabbro intrusions, 359
The Acid rocks, ii. 364;
petrography of, 366;
history of their investigation, 371;
analogies with trachytes of Central France, 373;
intruded at base of the gabbros or of the bedded basalts, 337, 353,
357, 431, 432, 444;
bosses of Skye, 378;
of Mull, 395;
of Small Isles, 405;
of St. Kilda, 405;
of Arran, 418;
of Carlingford, 420;
of Slieve Foye, and Barnavave, 421;
of Slieve Gullion, 422;
of Antrim, 426;
acid sills, 430;
acid dykes and veins, 437
Metamorphism of the basalts, ii. 272, 276, 337, 339, 340, 347, 355, 356,
357, 358, 362, 378, 383, 386, 397, 399, 400, 404, 413
Texture, varieties of, in igneous rocks, i. 78, 449; ii. 5, 299, 360
Tholeiites, ii. 137, 158
Tholeiite type of basalt, i. 419, 421
Thornhill, volcanic rocks of, ii. 60
Thoroddsen, Th., ii. 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 278
Thrust-planes, i. 229
Time in geological history, ii. 107, 461, 465
Timmins, J. H., i. 133
Tinto, i. 278, 288, 329
Titterstone Clee Hill, ii. 101
Toadstones of Derbyshire, i. 359; ii. 8
Topley, W., i. 147; ii. 3, 5, 7
Torridonian rocks, i. 111, 112, 113, 120; ii. 350
Tortworth, volcanic rocks at, i. 238
Tourmakeady, volcanic rocks of Bala age at, i. 251
Townson, R., i. 363
Trachyte, i. 183, 230, 246, 273, 276 (analysis), 379 (analysis), 386, 403,
407, 421; ii. 36, 47, 96, 138, 152, 184, 236
Traill, Mr. W., ii. 175, 421, 422
Traprain Law, i. 372, 380, 403, 405
Traquair, Dr. R. H., i. 266
Tremadoc group, i. 144, 177
Trevelyan, W. C., ii. 3
Triassic eruptive rocks, i. 29;
geography, ii. 108
Trichites, i. 19; ii. 136
Troctolite, ii. 332
Tuffs, i. 31;
association of, 33;
composition of, 34;
alternations of, 34, 61;
blending of, with non-volcanic sediment, 35, 437;
fossiliferous, 36;
without lava, 36;
necks of, 58;
relation of, to lavas, 61;
metamorphism of, ii. 224
---- pre-Cambrian, i, 125, 135;
Cambrian, 147, 151, 155, 163, 165, 167;
Silurian, 178, 189, 190, 195, 205, 209, 212, 213, 222, 224, 229, 232,
241, 245, 246, 254, 255;
Devonian, 262;
Old Red Sandstone, 279, 281, 289, 337, 339, 351;
Carboniferous, 381, 384, 387, 399, 422, 427, 429, 432, 436, 466;
ii. 11, 18, 24, 36;
Permian, 57, 58;
Tertiary, 194, 197, 202, 204, 211, 222
Tyrol, Triassic eruptive rocks of, i. 29
Tyrone, Old Red Sandstone of, i. 314

Ulster, Old Red Sandstone volcanic rocks of, i. 314
Ultra-basic rocks, i. 14, 118, 377, 417
Unconformability, deceptive case of, i. 163
Urgneiss, i. 110
Uriconian volcanic rocks, i. 129
Ussher, Mr. W. A. E., i. 260, 262; ii. 35, 95
Utah, laccolites of, i. 86;
volcanic regions of, ii. 115, 267

Valleys, tendency of vents to appear in, i. 272, 368, 376; ii. 61, 65, 96
Vapours, action of volcanic, i. 13, 15, 16, 17, 31, 57, 72, 78, 97, 99,
180, 289, 426
Variolitic structure, i. 21, 206, 235
Veins, intrusive, i. 66, 77, 79, 98, 426, 429; ii. 311, 313, 400, 410,
432, 437
Velay, volcanic rocks of, i. 26, 27, 29, 60; ii. 271, 373, 375
Vents, volcanic, i. 53;
ground-plans of, 54;
size of, 55;
filled with non-volcanic detritus, 57;
ejected crystals found in, 62;
agglomerates of, 62; ii. 13, 28, 47, 61, 69, 276, 280, 284, 288, 289;
stratification in, i. 63; ii. 80;
metamorphism in, i. 67, 71;
metamorphism of rocks around, 72, 349, 350, 352, 399, 404, 432; ii. 76,
272, 280;
connection of, with geological structure-lines, i. 68;
occurrence of, in lines and in groups, 69;
double and multiple, 69;
possible indications of length of activity of, 72;
inward dip of strata around, 73, 352; ii. 76, 295;
stages in history of, i. 74;
tendency of, to rise in lines of valley, 272, 368, 376; ii. 61, 65,
96, 468;
criteria for the relative ages of, 270;
connection of, with later eruptive bosses, 280, 384, 399, 400
---- Silurian, i. 209, 214, 234;
Old Red Sandstone, 272, 287, 298, 305, 323, 328, 337;
Carboniferous, 394, 399, 400, 404, 406, 424, 465; ii. 13, 28, 47;
Permian, 61, 69;
Tertiary, 202, 270, 294, 400
Vesicular structure of lavas, i. 15; ii. 187
Vesuvius, denudation of, i. 3;
as an active volcano, 4;
as a type of volcano, 10, 39, 53, 100; ii. 108, 115, 261, 266
Vicary, Mr. W., ii. 95
Vogesite, i. 277, 293
Volcanello Island, i. 70
Volcanic action, permanent traces of, i. 4;
of present time elucidates that of the past, 5;
submarine, 5;
transient effects of, 8;
chief factors in, 10;
explosive energy of, 13, 99;
uniformity of, in geological time, 13, ii. 470;
metamorphism by, i. 67, 71;
underground phases of, 77;
proofs of gradual quiescence of, 155, 157, 166;
connected with subsidence, 295, 297; ii. 205, 444, 463, 470;
repetition of, in the same region, i. 368, 375, 377; ii. 42, 69,
94, 467;
developed along continental borders, 466;
persistence of, in Britain, i. 7; ii. 466;
connection of, with lines of geological structure, 468;
connection of, with terrestrial disturbance, 469;
gradual decline of, during Palæozoic time, 471;
quiescence of, during Mesozoic time, 472
Volcanic cycles, i. 27, 92
---- products, general characters of, i. 14;
persistent uniformity of, 30, 46;
thickest mass of, in Britain, 229 (_see_ Agglomerate, Lava, Tuff)
Volcano, Island of, i. 4, 24
Volcanoes, their influence on mythology, i. 1, 2;
denudation of, 3;
number of extinct, 4;
ancient, of Britain, 6;
influence on scenery, 8, 100, 102;
defined, 10;
types of, 10, 39; ii. 471;
determination of relative dates of, i. 46;
their geographical condition in old times, how ascertained, 48;
parasitic, 69;
contemporaneous denudation of, 73, 100;
connected with granite, 89;
incompleted, 86, 93, 99
Vom Rath, G., ii. 474

Wacke, i. 157
Walcott, Mr., i. 30
Wales, pre-Cambrian rocks of, i. 126, 142;
early geological work in, 142;
Cambrian volcanoes of, 145, 159;
volcanic scenery of, 176;
Silurian volcanoes of, 176, 202, 205, 207, 218, 219;
Old Red Sandstone of, 257, 259
Waller, Mr. T. H., i. 171, 278
Ward, J. C., i. 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237; ii. 23
Warwickshire, Cambrian rocks of, i. 137, 171
Waterford, volcanic region of, i. 247
Watts, Mr. W. W., i. 131, 132, 135, 137, 189, 190, 191, 243, 276, 278,
336, 347, 417, 421, 423; ii. 40, 42, 43, 45, 57, 96, 184, 204, 224,
272, 424, 425
Weaver, T., i. 238
Wenlock group, i. 175;
volcanic rocks of, 552
Wernerian School, ii. 109
West Lothian, volcanic rocks of, i. 47, 55, 415, 433, 437
Whin Sill of England, i. 83, 85, 97, 449; ii. 2
Whitehurst, J., ii. 9, 109
White trap, i. 96, 426, 449, 456; ii. 65, 87, 103, 165, 252
Williams, Mr. G. J., i. 179, 185, 186, 188
Williamson, W. C., i. 392
Wilson, Mr. J. S. Grant, i. 148, 149, 153, 276, 344, 375, 379, 380;
ii. 137, 164
Wilson, Mr. A., ii. 49
Winch, N. T., ii. 113, 147
Witham, H. T. M., ii. 113, 238
Wood, N., ii. 113
Woods, Mr. H., i. 204
Woodward, Dr. Henry, ii. 449
Woodward, Mr. H. B., ii. 32, 435, 453
Worcestershire, latest eruptive rocks of, ii. 101
Worth, Mr. R. N., ii. 99
Wrekin, i. 130
Wright, J. R., ii. 102
Wunsch, E., i. 369, 392
Würtemberg, puys of, i. 46
Wyoming, lava-fields of, ii. 115

Yates, J., i. 171
Yellowstone Park, volcanic phenomena of, i. 29, 31
Y-foel-frâs, i. 209, 214
Y Glyder-Fach, i. 209
Yoredale group, ii. 9, 13, 17
Young, Mr. John, i. 369, 392
Young, Prof. John, i. 294, 308

Zircon, found in volcanic vents, i. 62
Zirkel, Prof., ii. 327, 329, 334, 356, 364, 370, 372, 379, 430

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Transcriber Note

Minor typos were corrected. A paragraph break was inserted in the last paragraph on pages 271 and 334 to accommodate placement of illustrations. To prevent images from splitting paragraphs, some text was moved.