Chapter VI: Part 6

115. Hunyg was the name of his first son, and he obtained the power
when the king Oxlahuh tzy his father died, and all four of the
tribes gave their consent that Hunyg should be chief. Vakaki Ahmak
was the name of the second son; Noh was the third; Beleheqat the
fourth; Imox the fifth, Maku Xguhay was the name of the queen, wife
of the king Oxlahuh tzy. She had three children, oldest of whom was
the king Hunyg. He had also two other wives, each of whom was
mother of part of the children of the king; and the mother of the
king (Hunyg) had also Beleheqat.

Chi vahxaki Ah [c]axel ru cahlauha yuhuh.

The day 8 Ah completed the 14th year after the Revolt.

116. Ok xcam chi[c]a ahauh Cablahuh Tihax; chi cahi Ey xcam ahauh.

116. Then died the king Cablahuh Tihax; this king died on the day 4
Ey.

Voo Ah, [c]a xel rolauha rubanic yuhuh.

The day 5 Ah completed the 15th year after the revolt.

117. Tok xahauar chi[c]a ahauh Lahuh Noh rubi, nabey ru [c]ahol ahauh Cablahuh Tihax. He [c]a xeulaan Yaqui Ah Culuvacan, ri ahauh Huny[t], Lahuh Noh; chi hun Toh xeul Yaqui ru camahel ahauh Modeccumatzin rahaual Ah Mexicu.

117. Then began also to reign the king Lahuh Noh, eldest son of the
king Cablahuh Tihax. At this time the Yaquis of Culuacan were
received by the kings Hunyg and Lahuh Noh. The Yaquis arrived on
the day 1 Toh, sent by the king Modeczumatzin, king of the
Mexicans.

118. [c]a ha [c]a ki xka[c,]et ri oki xeul ri Yaqui Ah Culuvacan, he [c]iya Yaqui xeul oher, yxnu[c]ahol, tantahauar ka mama Huny[t] Lahuh Noh.

118. And we ourselves saw these Yaquis of Culuacan when they
arrived; and they came in old times in great number, these Yaquis,
O my children, during the reign of our ancestor Hunyg and Lahuh
Noh.

Chi cay Ah, xel ru vaklauha ru banic yuhuh.

The day 2 Ah completed the 16th year after the Revolt.

119. Chupam huna xoc chic labal chuvach [c]ichevinak, chi vahxaki [t]anel xoc [c]am [c]eche, tantahauar Huny[t] ka mama tan [c]a nima rahpop achi ymama chiri ok xoc labal [c]echee, yxnu[c]ahol, he[c]a ki xebano chic labal [c]iche ri y mama rahpop Achi Balam, rahpop achi Y[t]ich, ru [t]alel achi [c]atu, [c]iya camic [c]eche vinak cuma; maquina xaquere xe[t]a[t]ar ka tata ka mama.

119. During the year the war broke out afresh with the Quiches. On
the day 8 Ganel Quiche was entered and taken when Hunyg our
ancestor was ruling, a great counselor and ancient man, when the
war entered Quiche. O my children. Those who began this war at
Quiche were the old men, the counselor Balam, the counselor Ygich,
and the noble Qatu; and many Quiches perished through them. But not
thus did our fathers and ancestors acquire their power.

Chi cablahuh Ah, xel ru vuklauha ru banic yuhuh.

The day 12 Ah completed the 17th year after the Revolt.

Chi belehe Ah, xel chic vahxaklauha yuhuh.

The day 9 Ah completed the 18th year after the Revolt.

120. Chupam chi[c]a huna ok xey[c]o chicop, xche chel ut, quere ri e ute chi oxi Caok xey[c]o oher pa tinamit chi Yximchee, kitzih tixibin chi chicop.

120. During this year the beasts and doves came out of the forests,
and on the day 3 Caok the doves passed over the city of Iximche,
and truly it was terrifying to see the beasts.

121. [c]a vo vinak ok [c]a que y[c]o xche chel ut, ok xei[c]o chi[c]a ca[c]: chi cay Y[t] xey[c]o pa tinamit kitzih, que xibin chi ca[c] xey[c]o oher.

121. One hundred days after the doves had been seen to come from
the woods, the locusts came. It was on the day 2 Yg that they
passed over the city, and really it was terrifying to see them
pass.

122. Xa ru beleh vinak chic ok x[c]at chi Yximchee, chi cahi Camey xyaar tinamit chi [t]a[t]. Tan mani ahauh Huny[t] ka mama, tan [c]o ka [c]haka ya, tane mani ka tata ka mama ok x[c]at tinamit xka [c,]et ronohel ri, yxnu[c]ahol.

122. About that time nine persons perished in a fire at Iximche; on
the day 4 Camey the city was injured by fire. The king Hunyg was at
the time absent on the other side of the river; our fathers and
ancestors were also absent. But when the city burned, we saw it
all, we, my children.

Chi vahxaki Ah xel beleh lauha yuhuh.

The day 8 Ah completed the 19th year after the Revolt.

123. Chupam [c]a huna ok xcam [c]eche vinak pa Co[c,]il ya cuma y mama; [c]iy nimak achiha xuyari, ok xquiban labal chiri.

123. During the year the Quiche men were destroyed near the river
of the Tzotzils, by our ancestors; a great number of other
principal men were conquered when this war occurred.

124. Humul chi[c]a xe yaar [c]eche vinak xiquin chi pokoh, pa Mukche xeoc vi [c]eche vinak cuma, [c]iy nimak rahpop achij, ru [t]alel achi xuyari chiri, [c]iy [c]a ri [c]hutik camic xquiban tzatz teleche xoc pe cuma y mama.

124. The Quiches were again beaten and suffered loss at Mukche,
because they entered there. A great number of their principal
counselors and nobles were lost; many were put to death slowly, and
many were taken prisoners by our ancestors.

Chi oxi Ah [c]a xel humay ru camic Tukuchee ru banic yuhuh.

The day 3 Ah completed one cycle after the death of the revolted
Tukuches.

Ha[c]a chi oxlahuh Ah xel chic huna.

With the day 13 Ah, another year was completed.

125. Chupam huna xi[c]o chic pokob chuvi Cakhay ruma ahauh Lahuh Noh, chi vahxaki [t]anel xla[t]abex [c,]ak, kitzih chi nima [t]a[t]al xquiban chic ahaua chiri, xul ronohel vuk ama[t], Huny[t], Lahuh Noh xebano he [c]atan quebano labal ri y mama, rahpop achi Balam rahpop achi Y[t]ich, ru [t]alel achi [c]atu.

125. During this year they took up their shields on the Cakhay on
account of the king Lahuh Noh. On the day 8 Ganel the fortress was
occupied and truly the chiefs made their great power felt. All
those of the seven nations came with Hunyg and Lahuh Noh, to make
war, and it was also made by the ancients, the Counselor Balam and
the Galel-achi Qatu.

Xel [c]a ru caba chi lahuh Ah yuhuh.

A second year was completed on the day 10 Ah, after the Revolt.

126. Chupam chi [c]a huna xecam chic [c]eche vinak cuma ka tata ka mama, chiree xquiban vi chi [c]otoh, chi [t]ocibal Cokolahay, xu[c]ul vachih ca[c]hob chi chay ru[c]in [c]eche vinak, haok xuyari ya Yaxontik ru [c]ahol ahauh Ahpoptuh, [c]iy [c]a nimak achiha xuyari, quere[c]a xe[t]a[t]ar vi y mama ri yxnu[c]ahol, [c]iy navipe teleche xoc pe chucohol ri nimak labal mixkabijh can.

126. During this year the Quiches were again defeated by our
fathers and ancestors. The battle was gained by the arms and the
bravery of those of Cokolahay, whose divisions met face to face the
leader of the Quiches and his warriors. There was slain Yaxonkik
son of the Prince Ahpoptuh. Many warriors were slain; therefore
great was the majesty of our ancestors, O my children; and they
also made many prisoners in this great war of which we speak.

Chi vuku Ah xel roxa ru camay yuhuh.

On the day 7 Ah, was completed the third year of the second cycle
after the Revolt.

Chi cahi Ah xel chic ru caha yuhuh.

On the day 4 Ah was completed the fourth year after the Revolt.

127. Chupam [c]a voo huna, vae ok ixtiquer yauabil, yxnu[c]ahol, nabey xyabix ohb, ratzam xyavabix chi[c]a qui[c], [t]ana chuluh, kitzih tixibin chi camic xi[c]o oher. Haok xcam ahauh Vakaki Ahmak, xe [c]a hala chic ma tipe nima [t]ekum, nima a[t]a pa qui vi ka tata ka mama pa ka vi [c]a, yxnu[c]ahol, ok xyabix [c]hac.

127. In the course of the fifth year the pestilence began, O my
children. First there was a cough, then the blood was corrupted,
and the urine became yellow. The number of deaths at this time was
truly terrible. The Chief Vakaki Ahmak died, and we ourselves were
plunged in great darkness and great grief, our fathers and
ancestors having contracted the plague, O my children.

Chi hun Ah xel humay voo yuhuh, ok xyabix [c]hac.

On the day 1 Ah there were one cycle and 5 years from the Revolt,
and the pestilence spread.

128. Vae chupam huna xyauabix vi [c]hac, ha ok xe[c]iz chi camic ka tata ka mama Diego Juan; chi voo Ah [c]axoc chi vi labal Panatacat, cuma ka mama, ha[c]a ok xtiquer yavabil [c]hac. Kitzih tixibin chi camic xpe pa ru vi vinak, mani yabim viri quere ri x[c]hol vinak.

128. In this year the pestilence spread, and then died our ancestor
Diego Juan. On the day 5 Ah war was carried to Panatacat by our
ancestor, and then began the spread of the pestilence. Truly the
number of deaths among the people was terrible, nor did the people
escape from the pestilence.

129. Xcavinak ok xtiquer yauabil, tok xecam ka tata ka mama, chi cablahuh Camey xcam ahauh Huny[t] yxiquin mama.

129. Forty were seized with the sickness; then died our father and
ancestor; on the day 14 Camey died the king Hunyg, your
grandfather.

130. Xa[c]a ru cabih xcam chic ka tata rahpop Achi Balam ri y mama, yxnu[c]ahol; xa [c]a hunam xecam y mama ru[c]in ru tata ki tan ti chuvin, ti [c]ayin vinak chi camic. Tok xecam ka tata ka mama, xax be tzak chi el [c]hakap vinak chi civan, xa [c,]ij, xa [c]uch, xtiochic vinak; tixibin chi camic xecamican ymama, herach camic ru [c]ahol ahauh ru[c]in ru cha[t] ru nimal: quere[c]a xoh canah vi can chi mebail ri yxnu[c]ahol, [c]aoh ok [c]hutik [c]ahola, ok xoh canah can konohel. Rupoyibal alaxic.

130. But two days afterward died our father, the Counselor Balam,
one of the ancients, O my children. The ancients and the fathers
died alike, and the stench was such that men died of it alone. Then
perished our fathers and ancestors. Half the people threw
themselves into the ravines, and the dogs and foxes lived on the
bodies of the men. The fear of death destroyed the old people, and
the oldest son of the king died at the same time as his young
brother. Thus did we become poor, O my children, and thus did we
survive, being but a little child--and we were all that remained.
Hence the putting aside of our claims.

_Quibi y mama vae xeru[c]aholah ahauh._

_Names of (our) Ancestors, Sons of the King._

131. Rahpop achi Balam, rubi, nabey ru[c]ahol ahauh Huny[t], ha ki tanti [t]a[t]ar chi quivach ahaua, ok xpe nima camic [c]hac.

131. The counselor Balam, the oldest son of the king Hunyg, was
already distinguished before the face of the chieftains when he
died by the great plague.

132. Ahmak rubi rucam al, ha ru[c]ahol can ri Don Pedro Solis. Tohin [c]a rox al, mani retal ri he [c]a xecam ru[c]in ahauh ri e oxi ka tata.

132. Ahmak was the name of the second son. His son is Don Pedro
Solis. Tohin was the third. There is no record of him, as he died
with the king and our three fathers.

133. Ha [c]a ka tata Francisco rahpop achi [c,]ian rucah al.

133. Our father Francisco, the counselor Tzian, was the fourth son.

134. Balam voo al, mani [c]a retal ri.

134. Balam was the fifth son; there is no record of him.

135. Ah[c,]alam Hunahpu ru vakak al, he [c]a xecolotah chic ri he oxi ka tata ruma [c]hac; [c]aoh ok, ok [c]a [c]hutik konohel cu[c]in ok xoh canah, xka [c,]et [c]a ronohel ri yavabil, ix nu[c]ahol; ha [c]a ri rubi ka tit; nabey rixhayil ahauh Huny[t], Chuvy[c,]ut ru bi xo[t]ohauh, he oxi xerelah, ha ri ka tata, he[c]a ri ru tata Don Pedro Solis, mani [c]a ru [c]ahol rij Tohin: xcam [c]ari xo[t]ohauh Chuvy [c,]ut, xoc chipe xo[t]ohauh X[t]eka[c]uch A[c,]iquinahay, ha quite rahpop achi [c,]ian Balam, xa e cay ral.

135. Ahtzalam Hunahpu was the sixth son. He was saved from the
plague with our three other ancestors. As for us, we were then
little children, and we all escaped, and we saw all the pestilence,
O my children. These are the names of our female ancestors: the
first wife of king Hunyg was the queen Chuvytzut; she had three
sons, our father, the father of Don Pedro Solis, and Tohin, who
left no children. The queen Chuvytzut being dead, the queen
Xgekaqueh, the female Ahtziquinahay, took her place. She was the
mother of the Counselor Tzian Balam, and these were her two
children.

136. [c]a vo vinak ok [c]a quecam ahaua Huny[t] Lahuhnoh, ok xechap chic ahaua Cahi Ymox Belehe[c]at, chi hun Can; xa[c]a hun chioc ri Belehe[c]at xcolotah, xa[c]a kayon chicoc a[c]uala mani hunchic ka tata xcolotah, [c]a e ok [c]hutik ri [c,]ian Balam, ri ki ok retal ahauh Huny[t]. Quere[c]a xahauar vi Belehe[c]at rij, xa huna [t]alel [c]amahay; chioc x[c]hao rahauarem maqui [c]a xrah raho ahauh atzih vinak Ba[c]ahol: vo quic chi ahauarem ri Belehe[c]at; hatah xoc chi ahauarem ri ka tata rahpop achi [c,]ian xraho ahauh atzih vinak Ba[c]ahol, quere[c]a roquic chi ahauarem ri.

136. A hundred days after the death of the kings Hunyg and Lahuh
Noh, there were elected as kings Cahi Ymox and Belehe Qat, on the
day 1 Can. For Belehe Qat alone remained. As for us we were little
boys and our elders did not choose any of us. Tzian and Balam, the
only other descendants of Hunyg, were also young. Belehe Qat was
therefore chosen to rule but only as heir apparent, the orator
Baqahol declaring that it was not proper that he should take the
supreme rule. The honor of the royalty was decreed to Belehe Qat;
but the orator Baqahol desired that the real chief should be our
ancestor Tzian; therefore he entered into power.

_Xavi [c]a chupam ru vaka vae._

_What Took Place in the Sixth Year._

137. [c]a huvinak ok [c]a que chap ahaua, ok xban yuhuh chi Ah[c,]iquinahay; chi lahuh Queh xban xeul coloel qui ahaua Ah[c,]iquinahay [c]icihay chi Yximchee ruma yuhuh, xul qui yaca el achiha.

137. Twenty days after the chiefs began to rule there was an
insurrection against the Ahtziquinahay. It occurred on the day 10
Queh, and the chiefs Ahtziquinahay and Qicihay went to Iximche on
account of the revolt, coming to raise soldiers.

138. Xa[c]a ru cablah xcam chic ama[t] [c,]utuhile, ruma Co[c,]il Tukuchee chi hulahuh Ymox, xyaar [c,]utuhile chi camic, xeyaar Ah[c,]iquinahay, conohel tzatz chi teleche chicana, quere[c]a xit puak tixibin chi camic xuban [c,]utuhile, xka tinamit xepoyom. Cani [c]a xetzolih ka ahaua Tepepul Ah[c,]iquinahay [c,]icihay chi cochoch.

138. Twelve of the Tzutuhil villages were destroyed by the Tzotzil
Tukuches on the day 11 Ymox and the Tzutuhils were slain. Very many
were taken prisoners. Therefore the Tzutuhils in fear of death were
made to give up their treasures and the town of Xepoyom was taken.
Then returned the chiefs Tepepul Ahtziquinahay and Tzizihay to
their homes.

139. Tok xebokotah chi [c]ape Ah Xecaka abah ronohel, xul colo chi el rij Cakchiquel, tzatz chi[c,]utuhile xel pe oher pa tinamit, he chi [c]arah xquiban labal chirih Ah [c,]iquinahay, Ah Pavacal, xrah cach[c]ul chijh chic cuma, xa[c]a xboy chijx achiha ruma Ah Pavacal.

139. At that time the people of Xecaka abah, all of whom had been
driven forth, were aided by the Cakchiquels. Many Tzutuhils also
came to the villages to make war against the Ahtziquinahay, and
those of Pacaval, and wished to join forces, their warriors having
been provoked by the people of Pacaval.

140. Chi belehe Ba[c,], [c]a xban camic chuvi Lakanabah, pa Chitulul, mani [c]a nimak achiha xcanah. Xaki ruyon vinak Belehe[c]at, Cahi Ymox xebano.

140. On the day 9 Batz there was slaughter at the rock of Lakam at
Chitulul. Not many warriors took part. Only the men of Belehe qat
and Cahi Ymox were engaged.

Chi hulahuh Ah, xel humay vaka yuhuh.

On the day 11 Ah there were 26 years from the Revolt.

141. Mixka [c]iz can vae huna xeyaar vi katata ka mama ruma camic [c]hac.

141. Then was completed one year since our fathers and ancestors
died of the plague.

142. Chupam huna ok xoh [c]ule ru[c]in xtee, yxnu[c]ahol, xhunabir ok quecam y mama; chi cablahuh Toh xoh [c]amo yxok.

142. In this year we married your mother, O my children, one year
after the death of your grandfather. We took her to wife on the day
12 Toh.

Chi vahxaki Ah xel ru vuka vuhuh.

On the day 8 Ah was completed the 7th year from the Revolt.

143. Chupam huna xorotah vi labal [c]echee, [c]a ru hulauha xorotah labal [c]echee.

143. During this year the Quiche war ceased; the Quiche war ceased
on the 11th.

Chi voo Ah xel humay vahxaka.

On the day 5 Ah was the eighth year of the first cycle.

_Culibal Castilan vinak Xetulul vae._

_The Arrival of the Castilians at Xetulul._

144. Va[c]a te chupam huna ok ki xeul Castilan vinak; xcavinak ok rubeleha, ok xeul Castilan vinak Xepit Xetulul; chi hun [t]anel xcam [c]echevinak chiri ruma Castilan vinak, Tunatiuh Avilantaro rubi, cahaual ri ki xkacan ronohel ama[t]; mahaok tetamax vi quivach [c]a tahinok ti [t]ihalox chee, abah.

144. It was during this year that the Castilians arrived.
Forty-nine years have passed since the Castilians came to Xepit and
Xetulul. On the day 1 Ganel the Quiches were destroyed by the
Castilians. Tunatiuh Avilantaro, as he was called, conquered all
the towns. Their countenances were previously unknown and the
people rendered homage to sticks and stones.

145. Xul chi[c]a Xelahub, xeyaar chic [c]eche vinak chi camic chiri, tok xbokotah chi[c]a el [c]eche vinak, ronohel [c]ulelaay richin Castilan vinak, okix yaar chic [c]eche vinak chuvach pe Xelahub.

145. On their arrival at Xelahub, the Quiche nation was routed and
destroyed. All of them had hastened there to oppose the Castilians;
and there the Quiche nation was destroyed, in front of Xelahub.

146. Tok xul [c]a ha tinamit [t]umarcaah, cani [c]a x[c]ul cuma ahaua ahpop ahpop [c]amahay, cani xya patan ruma [c]eche vinak; xa[c]a cani xeoc ahaua pa [c]hi[c]h ruma Tunatiuh.

146. He then went to the city Gumarcaah, and there came before him
the chiefs, the king and the next in rank, and tribute was paid by
the Quiches; and the chiefs suffered many torments from Tunatiuh.

147. Chi cahi [c]at [c]a xepe rox ahaua ahpop, ahpop [c]amahay ruma Tunatiuh, maqui y[c]o vinak ru [c]ux Tunatiuh chi labal. Cani [c]a xpe ru camahel Tunatiuh cu[c]in ahaua, takol richin achiha: tipe ul rachihilal Ahpoco[c,]il Ahpoxahil, tu camican [c]eche vinak, xcha ru camahel Tunatiuh chique ahaua. Cani [c]a xtakex ru tzih Tunatiuh, ok xbe [c]a vomu[c]h achiha camicay richin [c]echevinak, xa[c]a ruyon ahtinamit xbe maqui xcaho achiha conohel chique ahaua, xa[c]a oxmul xbe achiha, xoc patan ruma [c]eche vinak, oh [c]a xoh be [c]amo richin Tunatiuh, yxnu[c]ahol.

147. On the day 4 Qat three chiefs, the king and the next in rank
were burned alive by Tunatiuh, nor was the heart of Tunatiuh
satisfied with war. Soon a messenger from Tunatiuh came to the
chiefs that they should send him warriors: "Let the warriors of the
Ahpozotzils and Ahpoxahils come to the slaughter of the Quiches!"
So spoke the messenger of Tunatiuh to the chiefs. Immediately the
words of Tunatiuh were published, and 400 men went forth to the
slaughter of the Quiches; but they were only those of the city, the
other warriors refusing to obey the chiefs. Only three times did
the warriors go forth to enforce the tribute on the Quiches; then
we also were taken by Tunatiuh, O my children.

_Haok ki xul chi Yximche vae._

_How They Now Came to Iximche._

148. Ha [c]a chi hun Hunahpu, toki xul Castilan vinak pa tinamit chi Yximchee, Tunatiuh ru bi cahaval; cani [c]a xbe [c]ulel Tunatiuh cuma ahaua Belehe[c]at, cahi Ymox. Utz [c]a ru [c]ux Tunatiuh chique ahaua toki xul pa tinamit, mani labal, xati quicot Tunatiuh ok ki xul chi Yximchee. Quere[c]a tok xul Castilan vinak ri oher, yxnu[c]ahol, kitzih tixibin ok xeul, mani etaam vi quivach, he [c]abouil xe quina ahaua. Xka na [c]a oh ytata, oh kixoh [c,]eto culic chi Yximchee chupam Tzupam hay xvar vi Tunatiuh; chuca [t]ih [c]a xvachi[c] ahauh, tixibin chi achiha, xul ru[c]in pa ru varam xe ru tak [c]a ahaua: Nak ruma xtiban labal vu[c]in [c]o pe tan tin ban chive, xcha. Maquian, quere xa rumal [c]iya achiha caminak, vave he[c]a mixe a [c,]et vae pa hul [c]o vi qui ni[c]ahal, xecha ahaua, quere [c]atok xoc pa rochoch ahauh [c]hicbal ri.

148. It was on the day 1 Hunahpu when the Castilians arrived at
Iximche with their chief, Tunatiuh. The people went forth to meet
Tunatiuh with the chiefs Belehe Qat and Cahi Ymox. Good was the
heart of Tunatiuh when he entered the city with the chiefs. There
was no fighting and Tunatiuh rejoiced when he entered Iximche. Thus
did the Castilians enter of yore, O my children; but it was a
fearful thing when they entered; their faces were strange, and the
chiefs took them for gods. We, even we, your father, saw them when
they first set foot in Iximche, at the palace of Tzupam, where
Tunatiuh slept. The chief came forth, and truly he frightened the
warriors; he came from his chamber and called the rulers: "Why do
you make war with me, when I also can make it?" said he. "Not at
all. Why should so many warriors find their death? Do you see any
pitfalls among them?" So replied the chiefs, and he went to the
house of the chief Chicbal.

149. Cani[c]a labal xu[c]utuh Tunatiuh chique ahaua, xecha [c]a ahaua: cay [c]ovi nu labal [c,]utuhil, Panatacat, at [c]abouil, xucheex [c]a cuma ahaua. Xa[c]a hunobix xi[c]o rubana Tunatiuh pa tinamit; tok xcam [c,]utuhile ruma Castilan vinak, ha chi vuku Camey xcamicax [c,]utuhile ruma Tunatiuh.

149. Then Tunatiuh agreed to join the chiefs in their wars, and the
chiefs said to him:--"O thou God, we have two wars, one with the
Tzutuhils, one at Panatacat." Thus spake the chiefs. Only five days
after, Tunatiuh went forth from the capital. Then the Tzutuhils
were conquered by the Castilians. It was the day 7 Camey that the
Tzutuhils were destroyed by the Castilians.

150. Xe[c]a huvinak voo chi [t]ih xi[c]o rubana pa tinamit, ok xbe Tunatiuh Cuzcatan xi[c]o cam apon Atacat; ha chi cay Queh xcam Atacat ruma Castilan vinak ronohel [c]a achiha; xebe ru[c]in Tunatiuh camicay richin Yaqui.

150. Twenty-five days afterwards Tunatiuh went forth from the
capital to Cuzcatan going there to destroy Atacat. On the day 2
Queh, Atacat was slain by the Castilians, with all his warriors.
There went with Tunatiuh all his Mexicans to this battle.

151. Ha [c]a chi lahuh Hunahpu, xul chic ok xpe Cuzcatan, xa ru cavinak xbe ru bana Cuzcatan, ok xul chic pa tinamit. Tok xu[c]utuh [c]a Tunatiuh hun quimeal ahaua, xya [c]a chirichin Tunatiuh ri cumal ahaua.

151. On the day 10 Hunahpu he returned from Cuzcatan. He had been
absent only 40 days to make the conquest at Cuzcatan when he
returned to the capital. Then Tunatiuh asked for a daughter of one
of the chiefs, and she was given to Tunatiuh by the chiefs.

_Qutubal [c]a puak vae._

_A Demand for Money is made._

152. Tok x[c]utux [c]a qui puvak ahaua ruma Tunatiuh; xrah naek [c]a yari xaki molom puvak xa tzimay, xa [c]al vach: maqui [c]a xu[c]am xacani xcakar Tunatiuh chique ahaua, xcha: Nak rumal maqui ti ya puvak chuvichin, maquipe vave ulinak vi ru puak ronohel ama[t] avu[c]in, tauaho pe cat nu poroh, cat nu hi[c,]ah, xeucheex ahaua.

152. Then Tunatiuh began to ask the chiefs for money. He wished
that they should give him jars full of precious metals, and even
their drinking cups and crowns. Not receiving anything, Tunatiuh
became angry and said to the chiefs: "Why have you not given me the
metal? If you do not bring me the precious metal in all your towns,
choose then, for I shall burn you alive and hang you." Thus did he
speak to the chiefs.

153. Tok xu[t]at [c]a Tunatiuh oxo[t]opeto chi [t]ana puvak, xquitih chi[c]a ahaua ru [t]ipuxic, xeo[t] ahaua chuvach; xax maqui vi xraho chic Tunatiuh, xa xcha: Ti vechaah pe ri puak obix tiya. Vue [c]a maqui ti ya chiri, ti vetamah [c]a nu [c]ux, xeucheex ahaua. Cani x[c,]ak can xca retal, tok xquimol [c]a ahaua qui puak ronohel [c]a ru mam ahauh ru [c]ahel ahauh, xu ya ru puak, xutih ru [t]ih vinak ruma ahaua.

153. Then Tunatiuh cut from three of them the gold ornaments they
wore in their ears. The chiefs suffered keenly from this violence,
and wept before him. But Tunatiuh was not troubled, and said: "I
tell you that I want the gold here within five days. Wo to you if
you do not give it. I know my heart." So said he to the chiefs. The
word was then given. The chiefs gathered together all their metals,
those of the parents and children of the king, and all that the
chiefs could get from the people.

154. Ki [c]a tini[c]ahar ru yaic puak chire Tunatiuh, tok x[c]utun hun achi [c]axto[c]: Yn cakolahay, tincamicah Castilan vinak, xcha chique ahaua; xa pa [t]a[t] queyaar vi, tin [t]ocih tinamit que el [c]a el ahau [c]haka ya, ha [c]a chi vuku ahmak tinban, xcha achi ri [c]axto[c] chique ahaua. Kitzih [c]a xqui na ahaua, xoquecax ru tzih achij cuma, ki [c]a ti ni[c]ahar can ru yaic puvak ok xoh pax.

154. While they were gathering the gold for Tunatiuh, a priest of
the Demon showed himself: "I am the lightning; I will destroy the
Castilians." So said he to the chiefs. "I will destroy them by
fire. When I beat the drum let the chiefs come forth and go to the
other bank of the river. This I shall do on the day 7 Ahmak." Thus
did this priest of the Demon speak to the chiefs. Truly the chiefs
thought that they should trust in the words of this man. It was
when they were gathering the gold that we went forth.

_Haok ki xoh pax pa tinamit vae._

_How We went forth from the City._

155. Chi vuku Ahmak [c]a xban paxic. Haoki xtole can tinamit chi Yximchee, xa[c]a ruma ri achi [c]axto[c], ok xeel ahaua; vue kitzih xticam Tunatiuh, quecha; tan mani labal chu [c]ux Tunatiuh, tan ti qui cot ruma puvak tan ti ya. Xa rumal achi ri [c]axto[c], tok xtole can ka tinamit, chi vuku ahmak, yx nu[c]ahol.

155. The day 7 Ahmak was that of the going forth. They deserted the
city of Iximche on account of the priest of the Demon, and the
chiefs left it. "Yes, truly, Tunatiuh shall die," said they. "There
is no more war in the heart of Tunatiuh, as he now rejoices in the
gold given him." Thus it was that our city was abandoned on the day
7 Ahmak on account of a priest of the Demon, O my children.

156. Xe na chi vi naek [c]a ahaua ruma Tunatiuh; xlauheher ok kopax pa tinamit, oki xtiquer labal ruma Tunatiuh; chi cahi Camey xtiquer ka camic ruma Castilah vinak, haok xtiquer pokonal chikih; xoh pax xe chee, xe[c]am, yxnu[c]ahol, ronohel [c]a ama[t], xoh camican ru[c]in Tunatiuh; haok xti[c]e xeapon ri Castilan vinak, xel [c]a pa tinamit xu tolobacan. Tok xe[c]ulelax [c]a Castilan vinak cuma Cakchiquel vinak, xban he [c]otoh, xban [c]a hulqueh, cimah xecamicabex, xa ki labal chic xban ruma vinak. He [c]a [c]iy Castilan vinak xecam, quere[c]a queh xcam pa hul queh, xyaar [c]a ri [c]echevinak, [c,]utuhile, quere[c]a ronohel ama[t] xyaar ruma Cakchiquel vinak. Quere[c]a x[c]ohe vi ruxla ri ruma Castilan vinak, x[c]ohe navipe ruxla ruma ama[t] ronohel; xbeleh vinak ok [c]a ko pax pa tinamit chi Iximchee, ok xel ru beleha.

156. But what the chiefs did was soon known to Tunatiuh. Ten days
after we had left the city, war was begun by Tunatiuh. On the day 4
Camey began our destruction. Then began our misery. We scattered in
the forests; all our towns were taken, O my children; we were
slaughtered by Tunatiuh. The Castilians entered the city and they
arrived as to a deserted spot. From that time the Castilians were
hated by the Cakchiquels. They made trenches, they dug pitfalls,
that the horses might be killed, and war was waged by their men.
Many men of the Castilians were slain, and many horses killed in
the pitfalls. The Quiches and Tzutuhils were destroyed and all
their villages ruined by the Cakchiquels. Only thus did the
Castilians let them live, and only thus were they let live by all
the villagers. One hundred and eighty days after the desertion of
the city of Iximche was completed the ninth year (of the second
cycle).

Chi cay Ah, xel humay beleha ru banic yuhuh.

On the day 2 Ah was completed the 29th year after the Revolt.

157. Chupam ru lauha vae ki tan tiban labal ru[c]in Castilan vinak, tanti [c]ilibem Xepau ruma Castilan vinak chiri chupam ru lauha, kitan ti yao ri labal xu[c]am ru covil vinak.

157. During the tenth year the war continued with the Castilians.
But the Castilians having received aid in this tenth year at Xepau,
carried on the war with such vigor that they destroyed the forces
of the nation.

158. Ok xbokotah [c]a el Tunatiuh Xepau, xax coco ok xel mani xelah vinak chuvach; xvakvinak ok ru caba kopax pe pa tinamit ok xtolecan xbenam [c]a richin ok xi[c]o ru [c]ata can tinamit Tunatiuh, chi cahi Camey xuporoh can tinamit, vak vinak ru caba chi labal xbanok xtzolih.

158. Tunatiuh then went forth from Xepau, and so harassed us that
the people would not come before him. There were lacking one
hundred and twenty days to complete two years since we had
abandoned the capital, now deserted, when Tunatiuh came there on
his march in order to set fire to the city. On the day 4 Camey, two
years less six months after the beginning of the war, he set fire
to the capital and returned.

Chi cablahuh Ah xel humay lauha yuhuh.

On the day 12 Ah was completed the 30th year after the Revolt.

159. Chupam huna vae xuxlan vican halal ka [c]ux xavi e [c]oh ahaua conohel Cahi Ymox Belehe[c]at, mani xtzak chuvach Castilan vinak, tan [c]a oh [c]oh chila Holom Balam, yxnu[c]ahol.

159. In the course of this year we breathed for a little, as did
also the kings Cahi Ymox and Belehe Qat. They had not lost all hope
before the Castilians, and they maintained themselves at
Holombalam, O my children.

160. Xhunabir ok [c]a ru[c]in huvinak, titole can ruma Tunatiuh ok xul chic Castilan vinak Chij xot; chi hun Caok, xtiquer chic ka camic ruma Castilan vinak, x[c]ulelaax chic ruma vinak, xyaloh chic labal xban. Xavi x[c]hub chic chi camic, mani xyao patan ronohel huyu, xa hala chic matel humay hulauha yuhuh ok xul chic Chij xot.

160. One year and twenty days had passed since the places had been
made desolate by Tunatiuh, when the Castilians arrived at Chiixot.
On the day 1 Caok our slaughter by the Castilians began. They
fought with the nation and persisted in war. Death ravaged us
again, but the whole country continued to refuse tribute. There was
not much lacking of the 31st year after the revolt when they came
to Chiixot.

Chi belehe Ah, [c]a xel humay hulauha yuhuh.

On the day 9 Ah was completed the 31st year after the Revolt.

161. Chupam huna chic vae, xavi tanti tahin labal ruma Castilan vinak xutuloba chi can Chij xot, haok ki xla[t]abex Bulbuxya ruma Castilan vinak, vave chupam huna ki xyaloh vi labal xmani vi xyao patan ruma ronohel huyu.

161. In the course of the following year, while the Castilians were
engaged in war, Chiixot was abandoned. Then Bulbuxya was occupied
by the Castilians. During this year the war was continued, but the
whole country refused the tribute.

_Roquebal [c]a patan vae._

_The Beginning of the Tribute._

162. Xvolahuvinak ok ti [c]utun Chij xot, ok xoc patan chuvach capitan cuma [c]hinta Queh, vove chuvi Tzolola chi vakaki [c,]i [c]a xoc patan, haok xalax nu [c]ahol Diego Pabo Cotanoh [c]ovi, ok xatalax chi vakaki [c,]ij, at nu[c]ahol, haok xtiquer chic patanihic; huley chivi chi pokon xka[c]am chic, xkacolah can ri labal. Camul ki chi nimak chi camic xkaban.

162. Three hundred days after Chiixot was taken, began the payment
of tribute to the Captain by Chinta Queh. It was here at Tzolola,
on the day 6 Tzi, that the tribute began. At that time was born my
son. Diego Pabo Cotanoh. Thou wert born, O my son, on that day, 6
Tzi, on which the tribute began. Deep, indeed, were the sufferings
we underwent to escape from the wars, and twice we were on the
point of losing our life.

Chi vakaki Ah, xel humay cablauha yuhuh.

On the day 6 Ah was completed the 32d year after the Revolt.

163. Xvahxak vinak ok ru caba, toc patan ok xcam ahauh Ahtun Cuc Tihax, chi vakaki Akbal xcam. Xavi [c]a maha que [c]utun ahaua Ahpopco[c,]il, Ahpopxahil chiri.

163. It was two years less one hundred and twenty days after the
beginning of the tribute when died the chief Ahtun cuc Tihax. He
died on the day 6 Akbal. The chiefs Ahpopzotzil and Ahpopxahil had
not yet submitted.

Chi oxi Ah, xel humay oxlauha.

On the day 3 Ah was completed the 33d year.

164. Chupam huna ok xe[c]utun chic ahaua, ahpop Co[c,]il ahpop Xahil, chuvach Tunatiuh, cahvinak ruvaka xquiban ahaua xe chee xe[c]am, maqui [c]a xax cutzih ahaua xeba, [c]hi[c]h tal qui[c]amic ruma Tunatiuh, xax [c]atun qui tzihol ahaua chuvach Tunatiuh. Ha [c]a chi vuku Ahmak xebokotah el ahaua, xeapon Paruyaal Chay, tzatz chi ahaua xcuchu ri ronohel [c]a ru mam ahauh, ru [c]ahol ahauh, xbe tzatz chi vinak cachbiyil ahaua. Chi vahxaki Noh [c]a xeapon Panchoy, xa[c]a tiquicot Tunatiuh chique ahaua, tok x[c,]et chic quivach ruma Tunatiuh.

164. In the course of this year the chiefs Ahpopzotzil and
Ahpopxahil came before Tunatiuh. For eighty-six days these chiefs
had hid in the woods. Not only did they wish to come forth, but
their labors and sufferings were known to Tunatiuh, and the memory
of these chiefs came to Tunatiuh. On the day 7 Ahmak the chiefs
decided to come forth. When they arrived at Paruyaal chay, many
chiefs, all the fathers of the chiefs and their sons, and a
multitude of people accompanied the chiefs. On the day 8 Noh they
reached Panchoy. Then Tunatiuh rejoiced with the chiefs, when their
faces were seen again before Tunatiuh.

Chi oxlahuh Ah xel humay cahlauha yuhuh.

On the day 13 Ah was completed the 36th year after the revolt.

[_I append the translation of the remainder of what I believe to be the original work (see Introduction, page 58); but as its contents are of little general interest, I omit the text._]

165. During this year frightful imposts were levied; they paid gold and silver before the face of Tunatiuh, and there were demanded as tribute five hundred men and five hundred women to go to the gold washings; all the people were busy seeking gold. Five hundred men and five hundred women were also demanded by Tunatiuh to aid in building Pangan for his princely residence. All that, yes, all that, we ourselves witnessed, O my children.

On the 10th Ah was completed the 35th year after the Revolt.

166. Forty days were lacking to complete three years from the date of the submission of the kings when Belehe Qat died. He died on the 7th Queh, when employed in washing for gold and silver. As soon as he was dead Tunatiuh set to work to appoint his successor. The prince Don Jorge was appointed by the sole command of Tunatiuh. There was no council held nor assembly to confirm him. Tunatiuh gave his orders to the princes and they obeyed him; for, truly, he made himself feared.

On the 7th Ah was completed the 36th year after the revolt.

167. Three hundred and forty days after the death of Belehe Qat the princes were forced to place Don Jorge in possession of the throne. His father was Don Juan Xuares.

Oh[TN-23] the 4th Ah was completed the 37th year after the revolt.

168. In the course of this year the king Cahi Ymox Ahpozotzil withdrew and went to inhabit the capital. He intended to separate from the others, because the tribute had been imposed on all the chiefs, even on the king himself.

On the 1st Ah was completed the 38th year after the revolt.

169. During this year Tunatiuh departed for Castile, making new conquests on his road. Thus he destroyed those of Tzutzumpan and of Choloma; and many other towns were destroyed by Tunatiuh. There occurred an unheard of event at Tzutzumpan. I saw Hunahpu tremble a litle[TN-24] while before the prince Mantunalo arrived here. Tunatiuh went to Castile, leaving Tzutzumpan.

On the 11th Ah was completed the 39th year after the revolt.

170. In the course of the year, on the 11th Noh, Prince Mantunalo arrived. The prince Mantunalo arrived to relieve the nation from its sufferings; the washing for gold and silver promptly ceased, and the tribute of young men and women ceased; the burnings alive and the hangings ceased, and, indeed, all the various acts of violence of the Castilians and the imposts which they had forcibly laid upon us. The roads were once more frequented by travelers when the Prince Mantunalo arrived, as they had been eight years before, when the imposts were first laid upon us, O my children.

On the 8th Ah was completed the 40th year after the revolt.

On the 5th Ah was completed the first year of the third cycle.

171. Before the close of the second year of the third cycle, the prince Tunatiuh arrived, landing at Porto Cavayo. When Tunatiuh came back from Castile with the position of commander, each of us went before him to receive him, O my children. It was then that he killed with his sword the Ah-tzib Caok on account of his lineage; it was on the day 11 Ahmak that he killed the Ah-tzib.

On the day 2 Ah was completed the second year of the third cycle.

172. One hundred and twenty days after the death of Ahtzib and of the return of Tunatiuh to Panchoy, the prince Mantunalo departed, leaving Tunatiuh in command. Two hundred and sixty days after his return, Tunatiuh hanged the king Ahpozotzil Cahi Ymox, on the day 13 Ganel. They hanged with him Quixavit Caok, by order of Tunatiuh.

On the day 12 Ah was completed the third year of the third cycle.

173. Two hundred and eighty days after the execution of the king Ahpozotzil he hanged Chuvy Tziquinu, prince of the city, who had angered him. They hanged him on the day 4 Can at Paxaya. They seized him on the road and executed him secretly. Seventeen other chiefs were hanged at the same time. On the day 4 Ig[TN-25] the chief Chicbal, who had caused the death of Chuvy Tziquinu, was hanged in his turn, and with him Nimabah and Quehchun. Meanwhile, Tunatiuh had left for Xuchipillan, appointing as his lieutenant and to see to the hangings, Don Francisco, who attended to them. One hundred days after the prince Chicbal had been hanged, came the news that Tunatiuh had met his death at Xuchipillan.

On the day 9 Ah was completed the fourth year of the third cycle after the revolt.

174. In the course of this year there was a great disaster which destroyed the Castilians at Panchoy. On the day 2 Tihax the waters burst from the mountain Hunahpu, rushing out from the interior of the mountain, and enveloped the Castilians in destruction. The wife of Tunatiuh was then drowned.

_When Our Instruction Began._

One hundred and sixty days after this disaster there arrived at our house our fathers of St. Dominic, Brother Pedro Anculo and Brother Juan de Torres. They arrived from Mexico on the day 12 Batz, and we began to receive instruction from our fathers of St. Dominic. Then also appeared the Doctrina in our language. Our fathers, Brother Pedro and Brother Juan were the first who taught us the word of God. Until that time the word and the commandments of God were unknown to us; we had lived in darkness, for no one had spoken to us of the doctrine of God. There were also the fathers of St. Francis, Father Alamicer and Father Clerico, with those of St. Dominic, who spoke to us. They translated the Doctrina into our language, and we were soon instructed by them.

On the day 6 Ah was completed the fifth year of the third cycle.

On the day 3 Ah was completed the sixth year of the third cycle after the revolt.

On the day 13 Ah was completed the seventh year.

175. In the course of the year our fathers of St. Dominic separated from those of St. Francis, on account of ashes; the latter went away. Ashes were not given by our Fathers of St. Dominic; therefore, those of St. Francis went away.

On the day 10 Ah was completed the 8th year of the third cycle.

On the day 7 Ah was completed the 9th year of the third cycle after the revolt.

176. In the course of the year the licentiate Don Juan Roxer arrived.

_They Begin to Group the Houses._

One hundred and six days after they had really begun to teach us the word of God, then they commenced to gather together the houses in groups, by order of the ruler, Juan Roser, and the people came forth from their caves and ravines. On the day 7 Caok the capital was repeopled, and we were there with all the tribes.

On the day 4 Ah was completed the 10th year of the third cycle after the revolt.

On the day 1 Ah was completed the 11th year of the third cycle after the revolt.

177. In the course of the year the President Cerrado arrived, while the licentiate Pedro Ramirez was still here. When he arrived he condemned the Castilians; he set free the slaves and prisoners of the Castilians, diminished by one-half the imposts, put an end to forced labor, and obliged the Castilians to pay all for their work, little or great. This Prince Cerrado truly solaced the afflictions of our nation; for I, myself, O my children, was a witness of the many miseries which we endured.

On the day 11 Ah was completed the 12th year of the third cycle.

On the day 8 Ah was completed the 13th year of the third cycle.

178. In the course of the year died the Ahtzib Juan Perez; he died on the day 12 Tihax. Eighty days after the death of the Ahtzib, there was an eruption of the mountain Chigag; it was on the day 9 Ah that the fire appeared in the mountain.

On the day 5 Ah was completed the 14th year of the third cycle.

179. During this year arrived the iron bell; it came from the emperor of Castile; it reached us on the day 3 Hunahpu, which was on a Friday. Twenty days after the arrival of the iron bell, the licentiate Ramirez tried to kill the prince bishop at Pangan, the governor Cerrado being present. The door of the church was forced by Ramirez. This took place on a day 2 Can, on a Thursday. One hundred and sixty days after these leaders had come to blows at Pangan, all our fathers of St. Francis and St. Dominic came to blows in their turn at Xelahub, the former having tried to wrest Xelahub from the Dominicans.

On the day 2 Ah was completed the 15th year of the third cycle.

180. In the course of this year the locusts (grasshoppers) reappeared. It was on the day 12 Tziquin, the day after the Visitation, that the grasshoppers came. They passed over all parts of the country, and we saw them with you, my children.

On the day 12 Ah was completed the 16th year of the third cycle.

181. During the course of this year arrived the President Doctor Quexata; it was on a day 2 Hunahpu that that ruler arrived here, coming from Mexico. They were celebrating the feast of the circumcision. The governor Cerrado was here when he arrived. When the Doctor Quexata had almost arrived, the President Cerrado died. There was but little between them. Then the Doctor Quexata died. He did not condemn any one, because he had no time. But the ruler Cerrado condemned (the Castilians), for he did what was right. About the same time died the chief Don Francisco Ahpozotzil; it was on the day 1 Can, a Monday, the 14th day of the month October, that he died. It was in this year that he died that the nativity of our Saviour Jesus Christ came on the day 1 Batz.

On the day 9 Ah was completed the 17th year of the third cycle.

182. Forty days after the death of the chief Don Francisco, died our Father Fray Domingo de Vico in Acalan. Truly, with great tortures was he put to death by the tribe. Twenty days after the death of our father in Acalan, Father Fray Francisco de la Para was exiled by the bishop and the ruler Ramirez. This took place on Easter day.

On the day 6 Ah was completed the 18th year of the third cycle.

183. At this time died Alonzo de Pazon, the day 12 Ganel.

In the 13th month of the year, the day of Sanctiago at Pangan occurred on the day 1 Tziquin. On that day the Castilians at Pangan had great rejoicings, because on that day was inaugurated as supreme monarch over in Castile the Emperor Don Peliphe. There were then three rulers, the Prince Ramirez, the Doctor Mercia and Louaisa. They held court at Panchoy. In the 14th month of the year, after this day of Sanctiago, there came an order from Ramirez. He imposed a tribute on members of the nobility among the people. He also made provision for the surplusage of the tribute. There had never been a surplus under the chiefs; it was known to be stolen, but no one knew by whom. The maize tax was reduced and that of roast fowls, and none of the chiefs could steal anything from the surplus. This order of Ramirez was promulgated on the day of St. Francis, a Monday, the day 7 Camey. Twenty days after the promulgation of the order of Ramirez, the Book of the Doctrina was published, on the day of Saints, a Monday; but many would not accept the Doctrina, but refused it.

On the day 3 Ah was completed the 19th year of the third cycle after the revolt.

184. The Alcaldes in the year 1557 were Don Juan Juarez and Don Francisco Fez.

In the course of the year an incursion was made to destroy the Lacantuns. It was on the day 5 Ey that the ruler Ramirez sallied forth as general, and Don Martin went also as general, twenty days before the close of the third cycle.

Don Juan Juarez and Francisco Pez Martin were chosen as Alcaldes, to issue orders. (_Note by a later writer:_ These were the first Alcaldes, and with them began the elections.)

On the day 13 Ah was completed the third cycle since the Revolt was made. The third cycle was completed in the year 1558.

185. When we were in the eleventh month of the year, a President Royal arrived, on the day 3 Qat. When he arrived at Pangan on 1 Akbal, Don Diego Pez was inaugurated as chief by the ruler Ramirez.

Six months after the arrival of the President at Pangan, began here again the pestilence which had formerly raged among the people. It came from a distance. It was truly terrible when this death was sent among us by the great God. Many families bowed their heads before it. The people were seized with a chill and then a fever; blood issued from the nose; there was a cough, and the throat and nose were swollen, both in the lesser and the greater pestilence. All here were soon attacked. These maladies began, O my children, on the day of the Circumcision, a Monday, and as I was writing, we also were attacked with the disease.

Diego Ernandez Xahil and Francisco Ernandez Galel Bagahol were Alcaldes in the year 1559.

The first year of the fourth cycle since the revolt was completed on the day 10 Ah.

NOTES.

1. The author begins by stating his purpose in a few lines.

_xtinu[c,]ibah_, future of _[c,]ibah_, to write, originally to paint.

_xeboco_, past tense, third person, plural, of the absolute form of _boc_, here, as often, used actively. Compare _Gram._, p. 49.

_la[t]abex_, passive of _la[t]abeh_, to inhabit, to settle.

_huyu ta[t]ah_, hills and plains, or, the interior and the coast; an expression meaning the whole country.

_que cha_, they say, used as the French _on dit_, indicating that the writer is reporting the words of another.

_ki_, an intensive or affirmative particle, thrown in to add strength to the expression.

_ka tata_, our fathers, _ka mama_, our grandfathers and ancestors more remote than fathers. These terms are to be understood in a general sense.

_yx nu qahol_, you my sons, or _yx ka qahol_, you our sons, intimates that this account was prepared for the family of the writer.

_pa Tulan._ The prep. _pa_ (before a vowel _pan_) means in, at, to, and from. Torresano (_MS. Gram._) renders it by the Latin _ad_, _pro_, _absque_, _ab_, _de_, _e_, _ex_. Brasseur translates these words "being still in Tulan," which does not make sense.

2. _[t]a[t]avitz_, _Zactecauh_. Both these names of the ancestral heroes of the Cakchiquels appear to be partly Nahuatl. _[t]a[t]_ is "fire," and _Zak_ is "white," both Cakchiquel words, but _vitzli_, thorn, and _techatl_, the stone of sacrifice, are Nahuatl.

_[c]haka palouh_, the other side of the sea. The word _palouh_ appears to be derived from the verb _paloh_, to lift onesself up, to rise, referring to the waves.

_pe vi_, and _vi pe_; on the use of the particle _vi_, see _Grammar_, p. 63.

_pa Tulan ru bi huyu_, from the country or place called Tulan. The word _huyu_ usually means hill or mountain; but it is frequently used in the vague sense of "place," "locality."

_achij_, men, _viri_, not _homines_, which latter is _vinak_.

_Xahila_, a plural form. The name maybe derived from _xahoh_, to dance in the sacred or ceremonial dances; or from _ahila_, to reckon or number.

3. _chinamit_, the sub-gens. On this see the Introduction. The our[TN-26] referred to include the Xahila, mentioned in the previous paragraph. These four, the Xahila, the Gekaquch, the Baqahol, and the Cibaki, formed the tribe; the remaining four, the Caveki, the Ah Queh, the Ah Pak, and the Ykomagi, were of the same lineage, but not in the confederacy.

_Daqui_; the letter _d_ does not occur either in Cakchiquel or Nahuatl. The foreign aspect of some of these names seems to point to an ancient influence of some allophyllic tongue.

4. _He [c]a [c]oh_, etc. The writer here states that he gives the exact words of the ancient tradition. He probably wrote the text from some antique chant, which had been handed down from his ancestors. The quotation begins at the words _Cahi xpe_, and continues to near the close of the next paragraph, where the words _xecha can ri [t]a[t]avitz_, the above spoke Gagavitz, etc., mark its termination. This is one of the most obscure passages in the book. The original text is given by Brasseur among his _pieces justificatives_, in the appendix to the first volume of his _Hist. du Mexique_. A comparison with his translation will show that in several important constructions I differ from him.

The mythological references to Tulan, [c]abouil, the Chay Abah, Xibilbay, etc., have been discussed in the Introduction. The passage corresponds to the first chapter of the third book of the Popol Vuh.

_Tulan_, _Tullan_; these variations are in the original.

5. The particle _tan_, with which the paragraph opens, throws the narrative into the "historical present," for the sake of greater vividness. The verb _[c,]ak_, as at present used, means to make bricks, etc., out of earth.

_xtiho_; translated by Brasseur, "the trial was made;" but it is the imperfect passive of _tih_, which means "to give to another something to eat or drink."

_xaki_, plural of _xak_, generic word for leaf.

_utiuh_, _koch_; besides these, two other animals are named in the Popol Vuh.

_achak_ is the general word for excrement, either of men or brutes; also, refuse, waste products in general.

_tiuh tiuh_ is the name of a small variety of hawk. "_El gavilan pequeno_." Guzman, _Compendio de Nombres en Lengua Cakchiquel_. MS.