Chapter XI: Appendix: II

This appendix is mainly designed to supplement the table on p. 60, by giving a list of the auxiliary regiments grouped according to the provinces in which they were raised. I have also added for the sake of completeness a further section dealing with the _cohortes civium Romanorum_, and a few regiments of which we do not know the place of origin. The list thus contains, or is intended to contain, the names of all the auxiliary regiments known to us, and includes far more than existed at any one time. The greater part of this list is, of course, merely a repetition of that drawn up by Cichorius in his articles on _ala_ and _cohors_ contributed to Pauly-Wissowa, and in view of the admirable summary of the evidence there given I have restricted myself to appending to the title of each regiment the name of the province in which it was stationed, or, when this is unknown, a reference to a single inscription mentioning it. Only in cases where I have been able to add to the list a regiment unknown when Cichorius wrote have I added a note on the evidence. The whole may, in fact, be described as a summary of Cichorius’s articles, with a supplement bringing them up to date, and as such may, I hope, be of some value to students of this subject.

As in the list on p. 60, regiments raised before 70 and those of later date are divided into two groups, distinguished by the letters A and B.

BRITAIN.

_Alae._

A. I Flavia Augusta Germania Superior—Pannonia
Britannica M. C. R.[507] Inferior.
Brittonum V. Mauretania Caesariensis.

_Cohorts._

A. I Britannica M. C. R.[508] Pannonia—Dacia.
I Brittonum M. E. Pannonia—Dacia.
II Brittonum M. C. R. P. F. Dacia.
II Brittonum Mauretania Caesariensis.
III Britannorum Raetia.
III Brittonum Dacia.
III Brittonum V. E. xi. 393.
IV and V Brittonum supposed because of the existence of
VI Brittonum ii. 2424.

B. I Flavia Brittonum Dalmatia—Noricum.
I Ulpia Brittonum M. Dacia.
I Aelia Brittonum M. Noricum.
I Augusta Nervia Pacensis Dacia.
Brittonum M.[509]
I Aurelia Brittonum M. Dacia.
II Flavia Brittonum Moesia Inferior.
II Augusta Nervia Pacensis Pannonia Inferior.
Brittonum M.

BELGICA.

_Alae._

A. Batavorum Germania Inferior.
I Canninefatium C. R. Germania Superior—Pannonia
Superior.
Treverorum Germania Inferior.
Tungrorum Frontoniana Dalmatia—Pannonia—Dacia.
I Tungrorum Britain.

B. I Batavorum M. Dacia.

_Cohorts._

A. I Batavorum C. R. Britain.
I-VIII Batavorum M. The regiments which joined the
rebellion of Civilis and were
presumably disbanded.
IX Batavorum M. E. Raetia.
I Belgarum E. Dalmatia.
I Belgica Germania Superior.
Cohortes Canninefatium Joined the rebellion of Civilis
and were presumably disbanded
in consequence. Cf. Tac.
_Hist._ iv. 19.
I Frisiavonum Britain.
I Germanorum C. R. Germania Superior.
I Germanorum M. E. Cappadocia.
I Lingonum E. Britain.
II Lingonum E. Britain.
III Lingonum E. xi. 5959.
IV Lingonum E. Britain.
V Lingonum Dacia.
I Menapiorum Britain.
I Morinorum Britain.
Nemetum Germania Superior.
I Nerviorum Britain.
II Nerviorum Britain.
III Nerviorum C. R. Britain.
IV and V Nerviorum C. R. supposed on account
of the existence of
VI Nerviorum C. R. Britain.
I Sequanorum et Rauracorum E. Germania Superior.
I Sugambrorum V. E. Moesia Inferior—Syria.
I Claudia Sugambrorum Moesia Inferior—Syria.[510]
II and III Sugambrorum supposed on account
of the existence of
IV Sugambrorum Mauretania Caesariensis.
I Sunucorum Britain.
I Tungrorum M. Germania Inferior—Britain.
II Tungrorum M. E. C. L. Germania Inferior—Britain.
Cohortes Ubiorum Germania Inferior, cf. Tac.
_Hist._ iv. 28.
I Ubiorum Moesia Inferior—Dacia.
Usiporum Tac. _Agr._ 28.
I Vangionum M. E. Germania Superior—Britain.

B. I Batavorum M. Pannonia—Dacia.
I Batavorum Britain.
II Batavorum M. Pannonia.
III Batavorum M. Pannonia Inferior.[511]
I Septimia Belgarum Germania Superior.
I Ulpia Traiana Cugernorum Britain.
I Nervana Germanorum M. Britain.
I Mattiacorum supposed on account of the existence of
II Mattiacorum Moesia Inferior.
I Treverorum supposed on account of the existence of
II Treverorum Germania Superior.[512]

LUGDUNENSIS.

_Alae._

A. Gallorum Flaviana Moesia Inferior.
Gallorum Indiana Germania Inferior—Britain
—Germania Superior.
Augusta Gallorum Petriana M. Germania Superior—Britain.
Augusta Gallorum Proculeiana Britain.
Gallorum V. Egypt.
I Flavia Gallorum Gaul.
Tauriana[513]
I Claudia Gallorum Moesia Inferior.
I Gallorum et Bosporanorum Dacia.
I Gallorum et Pannoniorum Moesia Inferior.
II Gallorum Sebosiana Germania Superior—Britain.
II Gallorum Cappadocia.

The majority of the following regiments, which bear titles derived from personal names, can be shown to have received recruits from the Gallic provinces, where it is probable that all were originally raised.

Agrippiana Germania Superior—Britain.
II Flavia Agrippiana[514] Syria.
Apriana Egypt.
Atectorigiana Moesia Inferior.
Classiana Germania Inferior—Britain.
Longiniana Germania Inferior.
Patrui ix. 733.
Picentiana Germania Superior.
Pomponiani Germania Inferior.
Rusonis Germania Superior.
Sabiniana Britain.
Scaevae x. 6011.
Siliana C. R. Africa—Pannonia.
Sulpicia Germania Inferior.

_Cohorts._

A. I Gallica C. R. E. Tarraconensis.
II Gallica Tarraconensis.
I Gallorum Aquitania.
I Gallorum Dacica Dacia.
II Gallorum Moesia Inferior.
II Gallorum Macedonica E. Moesia Superior—Dacia.
II Gallorum Mauretania Caesariensis.
II Gallorum E. Britain.
III Gallorum Germania Superior—Moesia Inferior.
III Gallorum Spain.
IV Gallorum Moesia Inferior.
IV Gallorum Raetia.
IV Gallorum Britain.
V Gallorum Pannonia—Moesia Superior.
V Gallorum Britain.
VI Gallorum vi. 1449.
VII Gallorum Moesia Inferior.
VIII, IX, and X Gallorum supposed on account of the existence of
XI Gallorum[515] Dalmatia.

AQUITANIA.

_Alae._

None.

_Cohorts._

A. I Aquitanorum V. E. Germania Superior.
I Aquitanorum Germania Superior—Britain.
II Aquitanorum E. Germania Superior—Raetia.
III Aquitanorum E. C. R. Germania Superior.
IV Aquitanorum E. C. R. Germania Superior.
I Biturigum Germania Superior.
II Biturigum xiii. 6812.

NARBONENSIS.

_Alae._

A. Augusta Vocontiorum Germania Inferior—Britain.
Vocontiorum Egypt.

_Cohorts._

None.

ALPES. (All the little Alpine provinces.)

_Alae._

A. Vallensium. Germania Superior.

_Cohorts._

A. I Alpinorum Pannonia Inferior.
I Alpinorum E. Pannonia Inferior.
I Alpinorum E. Dacia.
I Alpinorum Britain.
II Alpinorum E. Pannonia Superior.
III Alpinorum E. Dalmatia.
I Ligurum[516] Alpes Maritimae—Germania
Superior.
II Gemina Ligurum et Corsorum Sardinia.
I Montanorum Noricum—Pannonia—Dacia.
I Montanorum C. R. Pannonia Inferior.
I Montanorum Palestine.
Trumplinorum v. 4910.

RAETIA.

_Alae._

None.

_Cohorts._

A. I Helvetiorum Germania Superior.
I Raetorum Raetia.
I Raetorum E. Cappadocia.
II Raetorum C. R. Germania Superior.
II Raetorum Raetia.
Two cohorts III Raetorum supposed on account of the existence of
IV Raetorum E. Cappadocia.
IV Raetorum Moesia Superior.
V Raetorum viii. 8934.
VI Raetorum Germania Superior.
VII Raetorum E. Germania Superior.
VIII Raetorum C. R. Pannonia—Dacia.
Raetorum et Vindelicorum Germania Superior.
I Vindelicorum M. Dacia.
II and III Vindelicorum supposed on account of the existence of
IV Vindelicorum Germania Superior.

B. I Aelia Gaesatorum M. Dacia.

NORICUM.

_Alae._

A. Noricorum Germania Superior.

_Cohorts._

A. I Noricorum Pannonia Inferior.

PANNONIA.

_Alae._

A. I Pannoniorum Africa.
I Pannoniorum Moesia Inferior.
I Pannoniorum Tampiana Britain.
II Pannoniorum Dacia.
Pannoniorum Pannonia Superior.

B. I Illyricorum[517] Dacia.
Flavia Pannoniorum[518] Pannonia Inferior.
Sarmatarum[519] Britain.

_Cohorts._

A. I Breucorum Raetia.
II Breucorum Mauretania Caesariensis.
III Breucorum ix. 4753.
IV Breucorum Britain.
V Breucorum Noricum.
VI Breucorum[520] Moesia Superior.
VII Breucorum Pannonia Inferior.
VIII Breucorum xiii. 7801.
I Pannoniorum Germania Superior—Britain.
I Pannoniorum Mauretania Caesariensis.
I Augusta Pannoniorum Egypt.
I Pannoniorum et Dalmatarum x. 5829.
II Pannoniorum Britain.
III Pannoniorum Britain.
IV Pannoniorum iii. 12631, ix. 3924.
I Varcianorum supposed on account of the existence of
II Varcianorum Germania Inferior.

B. I Ulpia Pannoniorum M. E. Pannonia Superior.

DALMATIA.

_Alae._

None.

_Cohorts._

A. I Dalmatarum Britain.
II Dalmatarum Britain.
III Dalmatarum Germania Superior.
IV Dalmatarum Germania Superior.
V Dalmatarum Germania Superior.
VI Dalmatarum E. Mauretania Caesariensis.
VII Dalmatarum E. Mauretania Caesariensis.

B. I Dalmatarum M.[521] Dalmatia.
II Dalmatarum M. Dalmatia.
III Dalmatarum M. E. C. R. Dacia.
IV Dalmatarum M. iii. 1474.

MOESIA.

_Alae._

A. Bosporanorum[522] Syria—Dacia.

B. I Vespasiana Dardanorum Moesia Inferior.

_Cohorts._

A. Bosporanorum M. Cappadocia.
I Bosporiana Pannonia Superior
II Bosporanorum x. 270.[523]

B. I Aurelia Dardanorum Moesia Superior.
II Aurelia Dardanorum Moesia Superior.
M. E.[524]

DACIA.

_Alae._

B. I Ulpia Dacorum Cappadocia.

_Cohorts._

B. I Ulpia Dacorum Syria.
I Aelia Dacorum M. Britain.
II Augusta Dacorum Pannonia.
Dacorum Syria.
I Aurelia Dacorum supposed on account of the existence of
II Aurelia Dacorum Pannonia Superior.[525]

THRACE.

_Alae._

A. Thracum Herculania Syria.
I Augusta Thracum Raetia.
I Thracum Germania Inferior—Britain.
I Thracum Mauretana Egypt.
I Thracum V. S. Pannonia Inferior.
I Thracum Victrix Pannonia Superior.
II Augusta Thracum[526] Mauretania Caesariensis.
III Augusta Thracum S. Pannonia Superior.
III Thracum Syria.

_Cohorts._

A. I Augusta Thracum E. Pannonia Inferior.
I Thracum Germanica C. R. E. Germania Superior—Pannonia
Superior.
I Thracum M. Palestine.
I Thracum S. Dacia.
I Thracum E. Pannonia Inferior.
I Thracum Syriaca Palestine—Moesia Superior.
I Thracum Germania Inferior—Britain.
II Augusta Thracum Pannonia Inferior.
II Gemella Thracum Africa.
II Thracum Syriaca Syria.
II Thracum E. Egypt.
II Thracum E. Britain.
III Thracum V. Raetia.
III Thracum C. R. Raetia.
III Augusta Thracum E. Syria.
III Thracum Syriaca[527] Syria.
IV Thracum Syriaca Syria.
IV Thracum E. Germania Superior.
V Thracum supposed on account of the existence of
VI Thracum Germania Superior—Britain—
Pannonia—Dacia.

B. I Flavia Bessorum[528] Macedonia.
II Flavia Bessorum Moesia Inferior.

MACEDONIA.

_Alae._

None.

_Cohorts._

A. Macedonum E.[529] _A. E._ 1908. 58.
I Cyrrhesticorum supposed on account of the existence of
II Cyrrhesticorum[530] Dalmatia.

GALATIA.

_Alae._

A. VII Phrygum[531] Syria.

_Cohorts._

B. I Ulpia Galatarum Palestine.
II Ulpia Galatarum Palestine.
III Ulpia Galatarum[532] Egypt.
I Ulpia Paflagonum supposed on account of the existence of
II Ulpia Paflagonum Syria.
III Ulpia Paflagonum Syria.

CILICIA.

_Alae._

None.

_Cohorts._

A. I Cilicum Moesia Inferior.
II Cilicum supposed on account of the existence of
III Cilicum[533] Egypt.

B. I Flavia Cilicum E. Egypt.

CYPRUS.

_Alae._

None.

_Cohorts._

A. I, II, and III Cypria[534] supposed on account of the existence of
IV Cypria Dacia.

CRETE AND CYRENAICA.[535]

_Alae._

None.

_Cohorts._

A. I Cretum Moesia Superior.
I Cyrenaica Germania Superior.
II Augusta Cyrenaica Germania Superior.
III Cyrenaica S. _A. E._ 1896. 10.
III Augusta Cyrenaica _Römische Mitteilungen_,
iii. 77.[536]

SYRIA.

_Alae._

A. Hamiorum[537] Mauretania Tingitana.
I Augusta Parthorum Mauretania Caesariensis.
Parthorum V. xiii. 10024³⁵.

B. I Commagenorum Egypt—Noricum.

_Cohorts._

A. I Antiochensium Moesia Superior.
I Apamenorum S. E. Egypt.
I Chalcidenorum E. Africa.
II Chalcidenorum Moesia Inferior.
III and IV Chalcidenorum supposed on account of the existence of
V Chalcidenorum Syria.
I Damascenorum Palestine.
I Hamiorum Britain.
II Hamiorum viii. 10654.
I Hemesenorum M. S. E. C. R. Pannonia Inferior.
I Sagittariorum Germania Superior—Dacia (?).
II Sagittariorum supposed on account of the existence of
III Sagittariorum[538] iii. 335, xiv. 3935.
I Tyriorum[539] Moesia Inferior.

B. I Flavia Canathenorum M. Raetia.
I Flavia Chalcidenorum S. E. Syria.
I Flavia Commagenorum Dacia.
II Flavia Commagenorum Dacia.
III, IV, and V Commagenorum supposed on account of the existence
of
VI Commagenorum Africa.
I Flavia Damascenorum M. E. Germania Superior.
I Ulpia Sagittariorum E. Syria.
I Aelia Sagittariorum M. E. Pannonia Superior.
I Nova Surorum M. S. Pannonia Inferior.

PALESTINE.

_Alae._

A. I Augusta Ituraeorum Pannonia Inferior.
Sebastenorum Palestine—Mauretania Caesariensis.

_Cohorts._

A. I Ascalonitanorum Felix E. Syria.
I Augusta Ituraeorum S. Pannonia—Dacia.
I Ituraeorum Germania Superior—Dacia.
II Ituraeorum E. Egypt.
III Ituraeorum Egypt.
IV, V, and VI[540] Ituraeorum supposed on account of the
existence of
VII Ituraeorum Egypt.
I Sebastenorum M. Palestine.

ARABIA.

_Alae._

B. I Ulpia Dromedariorum M.[541] Syria.

_Cohorts._

B. I Ulpia Petraeorum M. E.[542] Syria.
II Ulpia Petraeorum M. E. xi. 5669.
III Ulpia Petraeorum M. E. Cappadocia.
IV Ulpia Petraeorum[543] Palestine.
V Ulpia Petraeorum E. Syria.
VI Ulpia Petraeorum[543] Palestine.

EGYPT.

_Alae._

None.

_Cohorts._

A. I Thebaeorum E. Egypt.
II Thebaeorum Egypt.

AFRICA.

_Alae._

A. Afrorum Germania Inferior.
Gaetulorum V. Palestine.

B. I Ulpia Afrorum supposed on account of the existence of
II Ulpia Afrorum Egypt.
I Flavia Gaetulorum Moesia Inferior.

_Cohorts._

A. I Afrorum C. R. E.[544] x. 5841.
I Cirtensium supposed on account of the existence of
II Cirtensium Mauretania Caesariensis.
I Cisipadensium Moesia Superior.
I Gaetulorum viii. 7039.

B. I Flavia Afrorum supposed on account of the existence of
II Flavia Afrorum[545] Africa.
I Ulpia Afrorum E. Egypt.
I Flavia Musulamiorum Mauretania Caesariensis.
I Flavia Numidarum Lycia.
II Flavia Numidarum Dacia.

MAURETANIA.

_Alae._

None.

_Cohorts._[546]

B. Maurorum M. Africa.
Maurorum M. Pannonia Inferior.
Maurorum Quingenaria Pannonia Inferior.

TARRACONENSIS.[547]

_Alae._

A. I Arvacorum Pannonia Superior.
II Arvacorum Moesia Inferior.
I Asturum Britain.
I Asturum Moesia Inferior.
II Asturum Britain.
III Asturum xi. 3007.
I Hispanorum Campagonum Dacia.
I Hispanorum Germania Superior—Dacia.
I Hispanorum Auriana Noricum.
I Lemavorum Tarraconensis.
I Hispanorum Vettonum C. R. Britain.

B. II Flavia Hispanorum Spain.

_Cohorts._

A. I Asturum Germania Superior—Britain.
I Asturum Noricum.
II Asturum Germania Inferior—Britain.
III Asturum Mauretania Tingitana.
IV Asturum supposed on account of the existence of
V Asturum Germania Inferior.
VI Asturum ii. 2637.
I Asturum et Callaecorum[548] Mauretania Tingitana.
II Asturum et Callaecorum Pannonia Inferior.
I Ausetanorum ii. 1181.
I Bracaraugustanorum Moesia Inferior.
II Bracaraugustanorum vi. 1838.
III Bracaraugustanorum Britain.
III Bracaraugustanorum Raetia.
III Bracaraugustanorum[549] Palestine.
IV Bracaraugustanorum Palestine.
V Bracaraugustanorum Raetia.
I Cantabrorum supposed on account of the existence of
II Cantabrorum Palestine.
Carietum et Veniaesum v. 4373.
I Celtiberorum Spain.
I Celtiberorum Britain.
II Celtiberorum supposed on account of the existence of
III Celtiberorum Spain.
I Hispanorum Dacia.
I Hispanorum V. E. Moesia Inferior.
I Hispanorum E. Britain.
I Hispanorum E. Egypt.
II Hispanorum Germania Superior.
II Hispanorum Scutata Dacia.
Cyrenaica
II Hispanorum E. Africa.
II Hispanorum E. Cappadocia.
III Hispanorum Germania Superior.
IV Hispanorum Dacia.
V Hispanorum Germania Superior—Moesia Superior.
VI Hispanorum xi. 4376.
I Lucensium E. Dalmatia—Syria.
I Lucensium Hispanorum Germania Inferior.
II Lucensium Moesia Inferior.
III Lucensium Spain.
IV Lucensium Syria.
V Lucensium et Callaecorum Pannonia Superior.
I Fida Vardullorum M. E. C. R. Britain.
I Vasconum supposed on account of the existence of
II Hispanorum Vasconum Britain.
C. R. E.

B. I Flavia Hispanorum Mauretania Caesariensis.
I Flavia Hispanorum M. E. Moesia Superior.
I Flavia Ulpia Hispanorum
M. E. C. R.[550] Dacia.
I Aelia Hispanorum M. E. Britain.

LUSITANIA.

_Alae._

None.

_Cohorts._

A. I Augusta Praetoria Egypt.
Lusitanorum E.
I Lusitanorum Pannonia Inferior.
I Lusitanorum Cyrenaica Moesia Inferior.
II Lusitanorum E. Egypt.
III Lusitanorum E. Germania Inferior—Pannonia
Inferior.
IV and V Lusitanorum supposed on account of the existence of
VI Lusitanorum[551] Raetia.
VII Lusitanorum E. Africa—Raetia.

SARDINIA AND CORSICA.

_Alae._

None.

_Cohorts._

A. I Corsorum C. R. Mauretania Caesariensis.
I Corsorum Sardinia.
I Sardorum Sardinia.
II Sardorum E. Mauretania Caesariensis.

B. I Gemina Sardorum et Corsorum Sardinia.
II Gemina Ligurum et Corsorum Sardinia.

These last two regiments seem to have been formed by amalgamating the cohorts I Corsorum, I Sardorum, and I Ligurum, which appear in Sardinia in the pre-Flavian period, but not later.

COHORTES VOLUNTARIORUM AND OTHER REGIMENTS OF ROMAN CITIZENS.

The character of these regiments has already been discussed on pp. 65-7, where the origin of the greater number, at any rate, was traced to the exceptional levies made during the Pannonian revolt of 6-9, and after the defeat of Varus in the latter year. This levy included not only free-born Roman citizens, _ingenui_, but also freedmen enrolled in _cohortes voluntariorum_. The latter form a series numbered up to thirty-two, which may have included the _cohortes ingenuorum_. The latter may, however, have been numbered separately, and it must be admitted that the presence of a Cohors IV Voluntariorum is rather against the hypothesis, previously advanced, that the first six numbers of the series were reserved for the _ingenui_. It is impossible to argue from the fact that a _cohors voluntariorum_ and a _cohors ingenuorum_ never appear bearing the same numbers, since the series has many gaps, and only the following regiments can be traced:

I Ingenuorum C. R.[552] v. 3936.
IV Voluntariorum C. R. Pannonia Superior.
VI Ingenuorum C. R. Germania Inferior.
VIII Voluntariorum C. R. Dalmatia.
XIII Voluntariorum C. R. iii. 6321.
XV Voluntariorum C. R. Germania Inferior.
XVIII Voluntariorum C. R. Pannonia Superior.
XIX Voluntariorum C. R. vii. 383.
XXIII Voluntariorum C. R. Pannonia Superior.
XXIV Voluntariorum C. R. Germania Superior.
XXVI Voluntariorum C. R.[553] Germania Superior.
XXX Voluntariorum C. R. Germania Superior.
XXXII Voluntariorum C. R. Germania Superior.

The following regiments seem to have a similar character, although we know nothing concerning the occasion of their creation:

I Italica Voluntariorum C. R. xiv. 171.
II Italica Voluntariorum C. R. M. Cappadocia.
I Campanorum Voluntariorum Dalmatia—Pannonia Inferior.
C. R.[554]

Lastly, a series of at least seven regiments bearing the inexplicable title of Campestris, of which only the following have left traces:

III Campestris Dacia.
VII Campestris Syria.

The following three regiments should perhaps be included in the same category:

Ala I C. R. Pannonia Inferior.
Cohors Apuleia C. R. Cappadocia.
Cohors I Lepidiana C. R. Moesia Inferior.

In a final section I have grouped together regiments which bear non-ethnical titles, and a few cases of ethnical titles which are at present inexplicable, owing to our ignorance of the situation of the tribes referred to. In the former case it must, however, be remembered that many of these regiments may have had ethnical titles which are not mentioned in the only references to them which we possess.

_Alae._

Augusta Noricum.
Augusta[555] Moesia Inferior.
Augusta[556] Egypt.
Augusta C. R. Pannonia Inferior.
Augusta Germanica Pisidia.[557]
Augusta Moesica Germania Inferior.
Augusta Syriaca Syria.
Augusta ob virtutem appellata[558] Britain.
Claudia Nova Dalmatia—Germania Superior—Moesia
Inferior.
I Augusta Gemina Colonorum Cappadocia.
Constantium[559] _A. E._ 1911. 107.
I Ulpia Contariorum M. C. R. Pannonia Superior.
Flavia Africa.
I Flavia Fidelis M. Raetia.
I Flavia Gemelliana Raetia.
I Flavia Gemina Germania Superior.
I Flavia Singularium C. R. Raetia.
II Flavia M. Raetia.
Miliaria Mauretania Caesariensis.
Miliaria Dacia.
I Augusta Nerviana M. Mauretania Caesariensis.
I Praetoria C. R. Syria.
Scubulorum Germania Superior.
I Ulpia Singularium Syria.
Tautorum Victrix Tarraconensis.
II Ulpia Auriana[560] Cappadocia.

_Cohorts._

Aelia Expedita viii. 9358.
I Augusta Syria.
II Augusta supposed on account of the existence of
III Augusta[561] vi. 3508.
Baetica v. 5127.
I Classica Germania Inferior.
I Aelia Classica Britain.
II Classica Syria.
Claudia E. Cappadocia.
III Coll… Moesia Inferior.
I Dongonum supposed on account of the existence of
II Dongonum Britain.

The Lollianus inscription (iii. 600) mentions a mysteriously named Cohors II Equitum, which seems also to be referred to on an Italian inscription (v. 2841) as Cohors II Equitatum. The Cohors VI Equestris mentioned by Pliny (_Ep. ad Tra._ 106) may belong to the same series. The best explanation of these curious titles is to suppose that they are all varieties of _equitata_.

I Flavia E. Africa.
I Flavia E. Germania Inferior.
Flaviana[562] _C. I. G._ 3615.
V Gemina Palestine.
I Latabiensium Germania Inferior.
Maritima ii. 2224.
Miliaria Syria.
Naut… Alpes Maritimae.
I Augusta Nerviana Velox Mauretania Caesariensis.
I Nurritanorum Mauretania Caesariensis.
Scutata C. R. Egypt.
I Aelia Singularium Mauretania Caesariensis.
I Ulpia supposed on account of the existence of
II Ulpia E. C. R. Syria.

This last section completes our survey of the auxiliary forces of the Empire so far as they are known to us, and it is some satisfaction to feel that so far as the mere names of the regiments go our knowledge is now approaching completion. The recently discovered diploma for Moesia Superior (_A. E._ 1912. 128), which gave the names of twenty-four regiments which were stationed in the province in 103, did not mention one previously unknown to us, and a glance at the _Année Épigraphique_ for the past ten years will show how rarely a fresh name appears among the numerous inscriptions dealing with the auxilia. This knowledge does not, of course, carry us very far; while so many regiments are merely known to us by name from one or two casual inscriptions, we can tell neither the total number of auxilia maintained at any one time nor the relative strength of the frontier garrisons, and a host of minor problems are even further from solution. The very fact, however, that new evidence is now so slow to accumulate seemed to justify the attempt to utilize the available material and state summarily such conclusions as are at present attainable on a subject of some interest and importance to all students of the Roman Empire.

Footnotes:

[507] Seems to be identical with the regiment mentioned in Tac. _Hist._ iii. 41, and was therefore in existence before the Flavian period.

[508] It does not seem possible to make any distinction, chronological or otherwise, between the titles Britannica, Britannorum, and Brittonum.

[509] Not recognized by Cichorius, but see above, p. 158, n. 1. The meaning of the title is obscure, but such an elaborate form is not likely to be early.

[510] On the reason for distinguishing between these two regiments see above, p. 162, n. 2.

[511] See above, p. 60, n. 2.

[512] Apparently a late creation, possibly raised by Severus Antoninus. Cf. xiii. 7616, and Cichorius s.v.

[513] Was in existence before the Flavian period. Cf. Tac. _Hist._ i. 59.

[514] Assuming, as seems most probable, that this regiment was raised, like the others, at an early date and only acquired the title Flavia as an honorary distinction.

[515] As four Gallic cohorts bear the number II, we may add two others bearing the number I in addition to the two known to us, and also another Cohors III to correspond with the third Cohors IV. The total number of Gallic cohorts raised, including the Cohortes Gallicae, must have been twenty-four.

[516] Seems to be identical with the Cohors Ligurum E. which appears in Sardinia and afterwards formed part of the amalgamated Cohors I Ligurum et Hispanorum in Germania Superior.

[517] Developed out of a _vexillatio equitum Illyricorum_. Cf. p. 157.

[518] Cichorius identifies this with the last ala Pannoniorum, supposing the title Flavia to have been added as an honorary distinction. But iii. 3252, which is clearly of second-century date, mentions an ala Pannoniorum without any additional title.

[519] Developed out of a _numerus Sarmatarum_ organized from the Sarmatae deported to Britain by Marcus. Cf. vii. 218 and 229.

[520] Not included by Cichorius, but now known from _A. E._ 1905. 162.

[521] See p. 61, n. 3.

[522] See above, p. 157, n. 3.

[523] This inscription is certainly interpolated, but Cichorius believes in the authenticity of this title.

[524] See _A. E._ 1903. 288. Not mentioned by Cichorius.

[525] Not mentioned by Cichorius and only known from iii. 15184.

[526] Another Ala II Thracum may be assumed to have been sometime in existence, as two regiments bear the number III.

[527] The only certain mention with full title is in _A. E._ 1911. 161. For the ascription of this and the following cohort to the garrison of Syria see above, p. 162, n. 3.

[528] Not included by Cichorius and only mentioned on the Macedonian diploma for 124, _A. E._ 1909. 105.

[529] Not included by Cichorius and only known from this inscription.

[530] Not included by Cichorius and only known from one inscription, _A. E._ 1900. 48. The Syrian Cyrrhestis might, of course, be meant, and the soldier’s birthplace, Beroea, is equally ambiguous, but the fact that the regiment was in Dalmatia suggests a Macedonian origin.

[531] For this regiment see above, p. 61, n. 7.

[532] Only mentioned in _Not. Dign. Or._ xxviii. 35, without the title Ulpia, but presumably belongs to the same series as cohorts I and II.

[533] Not included by Cichorius and only known from _A. E._ 1905. 54.

[534] One of these may be the Cohors Cypria mentioned in _A. E._ 1904. 163, and on an inscription from the Crimea, Latyschew ii. 293.

[535] See above, p. 62, n. 6.

[536] One of these two regiments is probably referred to in Arrian, _Ectaxis_, 1.

[537] Not included by Cichorius. Cf. viii. 21814 a, _A. E._ 1906. 19.

[538] Inscriptions of the first of these cohorts (xiii. 7512, 7513) show that it was recruited in the East, as probably all were.

[539] If the emendation suggested above, on p. 69, n. 3, be correct, we should also include a Cohors Seleuciensium.

[540] Arrian, _Ectaxis_, 18, mentions an Ituraean cohort which may be identical with one of these.

[541] This, at least, seems the most likely province for it to have been raised in. This regiment, not included by Cichorius, is only mentioned in the Syrian diploma for 157.

[542] It is not mentioned as _miliaria_, but is conjectured to have been so on the analogy of cohorts II and III.

[543] The title Ulpia is not given in these two cases, but the regiments obviously belonged to the same series and were probably also _equitatae_.

[544] Probably identical with the ‘Cohors Afrorum in Dacia’ mentioned in vi. 3529.

[545] Not included by Cichorius, and only mentioned in _A. E._ 1909. 104, an inscription dating from the end of the second century.

[546] There is no reason why these regiments should not have been raised between 40 and 70, but they do not appear on inscriptions until much later.

[547] Some of the cohorts and alae of Hispani may, of course, have been raised in Baetica.

[548] On some difficult points connected with this regiment see Cagnat, _L’armée romaine d’Afrique_, p. 258 (2nd edition).

[549] From the existence of three cohorts bearing the number III, we may assume two more with the number I, and two with the number II, of which as yet no evidence exists.

[550] This regiment is, however, possibly identical with the preceding.

[551] Not included by Cichorius, and only mentioned on a Greek inscription, which is probably of second-century date, _I. G. R. R._ iii. 56.

[552] Probably identical with the Cohors I C. R., which appears in Germania Superior. The Cohors II C. R. which formed part of the garrison of the same province according to ix. 2958 probably also belongs to this series.

[553] xiii. 6306 may refer to Cohors XXV, but it is probable that the final stroke is omitted, and that Cohors XXVI was meant.

[554] On this regiment see above, p. 65, n. 6.

[555] Possibly identical with the Ala Augusta Moesica.

[556] Possibly identical with the Ala Augusta Syriaca.

[557] See _J. R. S._ ii. (1912), p. 99.

[558] This regiment has no early inscriptions, and is probably identical with one of the other British alae, possibly the Ala Petriana, which renounced its original title in favour of this honorific appellation.

[559] Not included by Cichorius. This regiment is probably either a late formation, or possessed also an ethnical title omitted on this inscription.

[560] The title is probably connected in some way with that of the Ala I Hispanorum Auriana which was stationed in Raetia.

[561] Here again, however, an ethnical title may well have been omitted.

[562] Possibly a Gallic regiment on the analogy of the Ala Gallorum Flaviana.

INDEX

_Actarius_,
in an ala, 41;
in a cohort, 43.

_Aeneatores_, 43, n. 11.

African officers, 96.

Ala,
origin of term, 22-5;
titles of, 24, 45;
size of, 26;
officers of, 40.

Archers, 84, 103, 128.

_Augusta_, used as title of auxiliary regiments, 47.

Augustus, military reforms, 13 et seqq.

Balearic slingers, 10, 131.

Barbarization of Roman army, 99, 138.

Barr Hill, fort at, 106.

Batavians, 16, 19, 35, 49, 57, 72.

_Beneficiarius_,
in an ala, 41;
in a cohort, 43.

Breastplates, 124.

Britain, frontier defences, 109, 112, 141.

British regiments, recruiting, 85.

_Bucinator_,
in an ala, 42;
in a cohort, 43.

_Canabae_, 117.

_Capsarius_, 43, n. 8.

_Catafractarii_, 128.

Cavalry,
use of, 104;
superior pay of, 35.

Celtic officers, 96.

Centurions, 37.

Chain armour, 126, 130.

Civilis, 20.

_Civitas_, granted to auxiliaries, 31 et seqq.

_Civitates foederatae_, 57.

_Civium Romanorum_, used as a title of auxiliary regiments, 46.

_Cohortes equitatae_, 28, 29.

„ _miliariae_, 28.

„ _quingenariae_, 28.

„ _voluntariorum_, 65 et seqq., 187.

Cohorts,
size of, 27;
officers of, 43;
titles of, 46 et seqq.

_Constitutio Antoniniana_, 122.

_Contarii_, 104.

_Cornicen_, 43.

_Cornicularius_,
in an ala, 41;
in a cohort, 43.

Cretans, 9, 62.

_Curator turmae_, 41.

„ _alae_ or _cohortis_, 37.

_Custos armorum_, 41.

Dacia, recruiting of garrison, 77.

Decurio,
in an ala, 37;
in a cohort, 38.

Diocletian, military reforms, 136.

_Diplomata militaria_, 31 et seqq.

_Dromedarii_, 30.

_Duplicarius_, 41.

_Equites Singulares Imperatoris_, 41 et seqq., 135;
recruiting, 81.

Face-masks, 127.

Frontier defences, 107 et seqq.

Gaesati, 86.

Gallic regiments, importance of, 64, 81.

_Gemina_, used as a title of auxiliary regiments, 47.

German frontier, 108.

Greek officers, 97.

Hadrian,
military reforms, 90, 107;
speech to army in Africa, 29, 35, 132.

Haltern, fort at, 105.

Helmets, 125.

Hofheim, fort at, 105.

Housesteads, fort at, 27, 118.

_Imaginifer_,
in an ala, 41;
in a cohort, 42.

_Immunes_, 39 et seqq.

Isaurians, 144.

Italian officers, 95.

Josephus, value of, 102.

Legionaries serving as officers in auxilia, 38.

Legions,
recruiting of, 78, 80;
connexion of, with auxilia, 49-51.

_Librarius_,
in an ala, 41;
in a cohort, 43.

Married soldiers, position of, 119.

Mauri, 89, 128, 135.

_Medicus_,
in an ala, 42;
in a cohort, 43.

_Medicus ordinarius_, 43.

_Mensor_, 43.

Mounted Infantry, 29.

Newstead, fort at, 27, 106, 127.

_Notitia Dignitatum_, 138.

_Numeri_, 85 et seqq., 128, 131.

Numidians, 10.

_Optio_,
in an ala, 41;
in a cohort, 42.

Oriental regiments, recruiting of, 82 et seqq.

Osroeni, 135.

Palmyreni, 88.

Pannonia, recruiting of garrison, 71, 75 et seqq.

Pay, 35.

_Praefecti_, 91 et seqq.

_Praefectus alae_, 36.

„ _cohortis_, 36.

„ _equitum_, 23, 24.

„ _numeri_, 87.

_Praepositus_, 37.

Praetorians, 34, 135.

_Principales_, 39 et seqq.

Roman citizens serving auxilia, 33.

Romanization, 117.

Saalburg, fort at, 117.

_Salluitana turma_, 11, 23.

Scale-armour, 124, 127.

_Sesquiplicarius_, 41.

Shields, 125, 126, 129.

Signalling, 111.

_Signifer_,
in an ala, 39, 41;
in a cohort, 42.

_Singulares_, 41.

Slingers, 132.

Spears, 126, 129.

_Stator_, 41.

_Strator_, 41.

_Subpraefectus_,
in an ala, 36;
in a cohort, 36.

Sugambrians, 48, 116.

Swords, 126, 129.

Tacitus, value of, 102.

_Tesserarius_, 42.

_Tribunus cohortis_, 36, 94.

_Tubicen_, 42.

_Velites_, 10.

_Veteranorum cohortes_, 48.

_Vexillarius_,
in an ala, 10;
in a cohort, 42.

_Vexillationes_, 113.

Oxford: Horace Hart M.A. Printer to the University