Chapter III: Introduction (3)

[Sidenote: In June weed the corn.]
In the later ende of Maye, and the begynnynge of
June, is tyme to wede thy corne. There be diuers maner
of wedes, as thistyls, kedlokes, dockes, cocledrake,
darnolde, gouldes, haudoddes, dogfenell, mathes, ter, 4
and dyuers other small wedes. But these be they that
[Sidenote: Thistles.]
greue mooste: The thistyll is an yll wede, roughe and
sharpe to handell, and freteth away the cornes nygh it,
and causeth the sherers or reapers not to shere cleane. 8
[Sidenote: Charlock.]
Kedlokes hath a leafe lyke rapes, and beareth a yelowe
floure, and is an yll wede, and groweth in al maner corne,
and hath small coddes, and groweth lyke mustard sede.
[Sidenote: Docks.]
Dockes have a brode lefe, and diuers high spyres, and 12
[Sidenote: Cockle.]
very small sede in the toppe. Cockole hath a longe small
lefe, and wyl beare fyue or vi. floures of purple colour, as
brode as a grote, and the sede is rounde and blacke, and
maye well be suffred in a breade-corne, but not in sede, 16
[Sidenote: ‘Drake.’]
for therin is moche floure. Drake is lyke vnto rye, till it
[Sidenote: [Fol. 17.]]
begynne to sede, and it hath many sedes lyke fenell-sedes,
and hangeth downewarde, and it maye wel be suffred in
breade, for there is moche floure in the sede: and it is an 20
[Sidenote: Darnel.]
opinion that it commeth of rye, &c. Dernolde groweth
vp streyght lyke an hye grasse, and hath longe sedes on
eyther syde the sterte, and there is moche floure in that
sede, and growethe moche amonge barley: and it is 24
[Sidenote: Golds.]
sayde, that it cometh of small barley. Golds hath a shorte
iagged lefe, and groweth halfe a yarde hygh, and hath a
yelowe floure, as brode as a grote, and is an yll wede, and
[Sidenote: Hawdod.]
groweth commonlye in barleye and pees. Hawdod hath 28
a blewe floure, and a fewe lyttell leues, and hath .v. or syxe
braunches, floured in the toppe: and groweth comonly in
[Sidenote: Dog-fennel.]
rye vpon leane grounde, and dothe lyttel hurte. Dogge-fenell
and mathes is bothe one, and in the commynge vp 32
is lyke fenell and beareth many white floures, with a
yelowe sede: and is the worste wede that is, excepte terre,
and it commeth moste commonly, whan great wete commeth
[Sidenote: Tares.]
shortly after the corne is sowen. Terre is the 36
worste wede, and it neuer dothe appere tyll the moneth
of June, and specyallye whanne there is great wete in
that mone, or a lyttell before, and groweth mooste in rye,
and it groweth lyke fytches, but it is moche smaller, and 40
[Sidenote: [Fol. 17_b_.]]
it wyll growe as hyghe as the corne, and with the weyght
therof it pulleth the corne flatte to the erth, and freteth
the eares away; wherfore I haue seene housbandes mowe
downe the corne and it together: And also with sharp 44
hokes to repe it, as they doo pees, and made drye, and
than it wyll be good fodder.

[Sidenote: Dee-nettles.]
There be other wedes not spoken of, as dee-nettylles,
[Sidenote: Dodder.]
dodder, and suche other, that doo moche harme. 48

21. ¶ Howe to wede corne.

[Sidenote: How to weed.]
Nowe it wolde be knowen, howe these cornes shulde be
weded. The chyefe instrument to wede with is a paire
of tonges made of wode, and in the farther ende it is
nycked, to holde the wed faster; and after a shoure of 4
raine it is beste wedynge, for than they maye be pulled
vp by the rotes, and than it cometh neuer agayne. And
[Sidenote: Weeding-hook.]
if it be drye wether, than muste ye haue a wedynge-hoke
with a socket set vpon a lyttel staffe of a yarde longe, and 8
this hoke wolde be well steeled, and grounde sharpe bothe
[Sidenote: Forked stick.]
behynde and before. And in his other hande he hath a
forked stycke a yarde longe, and with his forked stycke
[Sidenote: [Fol. 18.]]
he putteth the wede from hym, and he putteth the hoke 12
beyond the rote of the wede, and pulleth it to hym, and
cutteth the wede fast by the erthe, and with his hoke he
taketh up the wede, and casteth it in the reane, and if
the reane be full of corne, it is better it stande styll, 16
whan it is cut, and wyddre: but let hym beware, that he
trede not to moche vppon the corne, and specyallye after
[Sidenote: Cut not the corn.]
it is shotte, and whan he cutteth the wede, that he cut
not the corne: and therefore the hoke wolde not passe 20
an inche wyde. And whanne the wede is soo shorte,
that he can not with his forked stycke put it from hym,
and with the hoke pull it to hym, thanne muste he set
his hoke vppon the wede, fast by the erthe, and put it 24
from hym, and so shall he cutte it cleane. And with
[Sidenote: Stoop not.]
these two instruments, he shall neuer stoupe to his warke.
Dogfenell, goldes, mathes, and kedlokes are yll to wede
after this maner, they growe vppon so many braunches, 28
[Sidenote: Pull up darnel.]
harde by the erthe: and therfore they vse most to pul
them vppe with theyr handes; but loke well, that they
pull not vppe the corne with all; but as for terre, there
wyll noo wedynge serue. 32

22. ¶ The fyrst sturrynge.

[Sidenote: [Fol. 18_b_.]]
Also in June is tyme to rygge vppe the falowe, the
whiche is called the fyrst sturrynge, and to plowe it as
depe as thou canste, for to tourne the rotes of the wedes
vpwarde, that the sonne and the drye wether maye kyll 4
them. And an housbande can not conuenyentelye plowe
[Sidenote: How to plough and load out dung.]
his lande, and lode out his dounge bothe vppon a daye,
with one draughte of beastes: but he maye well lode oute
his dounge before none, and lode heye or corne at-after 8
none: or he maye plowe before none, and lode hey or
corne at-after none, with the same draughte, and noo
hurte to the cattell: bycause in lodynge of hey or corne,
the cattel is alwaye eatynge or beytynge, and soo they 12
can not doo in lodynge of dounge and plowynge.

23. ¶ To mowe grasse.

[Sidenote: End of June.]
Also in the later ende of June is tyme to begyn to
mowe, if thy medowe be well growen: but howe-so-euer
[Sidenote: July.]
they be growen, in July they muste nedes mowe, for
diuers causes. One is, it is not conuenient to haue hey 4
[Sidenote: Mow hay early.]
and corne bothe in occupation at one tyme. An other is,
the yonger and the grener that the grasse is, the softer
[Sidenote: [Fol. 19.]]
and the sweter it wyll be, whan it is hey, but it wyll haue
the more wyddrynge; and the elder the grasse is, the 8
harder and dryer it is, and the worse for al maner of
cattell: for the sedes be fallen, the whiche is in maner
of prouander, and it is the harder to eate and chowe.
And an other cause is, if drye wether come, it wyll drye 12
and burne vpon the grounde, and waste away. Take
[Sidenote: How to mow.]
hede that thy mower mow clene and holde downe the
hynder hand of his sith, that he do not endent the grasse,
and to mowe his swathe cleane thorowe to that that 16
was laste mowen before, that he leaue not a mane bytwene,
and specyallye in the common medowe: for in
the seuerall medowe it maketh the lesse charge, and that
[Sidenote: Mole-hills.]
the moldywarpe-hilles be spredde, and the styckes cleane 20
pycked out of the medowe in Apryll, or in the beginnynge
of Maye.

24. ¶ Howe forkes and rakes shulde be made.

[Sidenote: Forks and rakes.]
A Good husbande hath his forkes and rakes made
redye in the wynter before, and they wolde be gotte
bytwene Mighelmasse and Martylmasse, and beyked, and
[Sidenote: [Fol. 19_b_.]]
sette euen, to lye vpryght in thy hande: and than they 4
wyll be harde styffe and drye. And whan the housbande
sytteth by the fyre, and hath nothynge to do, than maye
he make theym redye, and tothe the rakes with drye wethy-wode,
[Sidenote: Bore holes for the teeth of the rakes.]
and bore the holes with his wymble, bothe aboue 8
and vnder, and driue the tethe vpwarde faste and harde,
and than wedge them aboue with drye woode of oke, for
that is hard, and wil driue and neuer come out. And if
he get them in sappe-tyme, all the beykyng and drienge 12
that can be had shal not make them harde and styffe,
[Sidenote: Use hazel and withy.]
but they woll alwaye be plyenge: for they be moste
comonly made of hasell and withee, and these be the
trees that blome, and specially hasell: for it begynneth 16
[Sidenote: Use no green wood.]
to blome as sone as the lefe is fallen. And if the rake
be made of grene woode, the heed wyll not abyde
vppon the stele, and the tethe wyll fall out, whan he
hath mooste nede to them, and let his warke, and lose 20
[Sidenote: Make all evenly.]
moche heye. And se that thy rake and forke lye vpryghte
in thy hand, for and the one ende of thy rake, or the syde
of thy forke, hang downe-warde, than they be not handsome
nor easy to worke with. 24

25. ¶ To tedde and make hay.

[Sidenote: [Fol. 20.]]
Whan thy medowes be mowed, they wolde be well
[Sidenote: Tedding hay.]
tedded and layde euen vppon the grounde: and if the
grasse be very thycke, it wolde be shaken with handes,
[Sidenote: Ted hay carefully.]
or with a shorte pykforke. For good teddynge is the 4
chiefe poynte to make good hey, and than shall it be
wyddred all in lyke, or elles not: and whan it is wel
wyddred on the ouer syde, and dry, than turne it cleane
before noone, as soone as the dewe is gone: And yf thou 8
dare truste the wether, lette it lye so all nyghte: and
on the nexte daye, tourne it agayne before none, and
towarde nyght make it in wyndrowes, and than in smal
[Sidenote: Hay-cocks.]
hey-cockes, and so to stande one nyghte at the leaste, and 12
sweate: and on the nexte fayre day caste it abrode
agayne, and tourne it ones or twyse, and than make it
[Sidenote: Larger hay-cocks.]
in greatter hey-cockes, and to stande so one nyght or
more, that it maye vngiue and sweate. For and it sweate 16
not in the hey-cockes, it wyll sweate in the mowe; and
than it wyll be dustye, and not holsome for hors, beastes,
nor shepe. And whan it standeth in the cockes, it is
better to lode, and the more hey maye be loded at a lode, 20
[Sidenote: Quich-hay.]
and the faster it wyll lye. Quyche-hey commeth of a
grasse called crofote, and groweth flatte, after the erthe,
[Sidenote: [Fol. 20_b_.]]
and bearethe a yelowe floure halfe a yarde hygh and
more, and hath many knottes towarde the roote, and it 24
is the beste hey for horses and beastes, and the sweteste,
if it be well got; but it wyll haue moch more wyddrynge
than other hey, for els he wyll be-pysse hym-selfe and
[Sidenote: How to know when hay is dry.]
waxe hote, and after dustye. And for to knowe whanne 28
it is wyddred ynoughe, make a lyttell rope of the same,
that ye thinke shulde be moste greneste, and twyne it as
harde to-gether bytwen your handes as ye canne, and soo
[Sidenote: Twist a wisp, and then cut it.]
beynge harde twon, let one take a knyfe, and cut it faste 32
by your hande; and the knottes wyll be moyste, yf it be
not drye ynough. Shorte hey, and leye-hey, is good for
shepe, and all maner of catell, if it be well got. A man
maye speke of makynge of hey, and gettynge of corne, 36
but god disposeth and ordreth all thynge.

26. ¶ Howe rye shulde be shorne.

[Sidenote: In July, shear rye.]
In the later ende of July, or in the begynnynge of
Auguste, is tyme to shere Rye, the whiche wolde be
shorne cleane, and faste bounden. And in somme
places they mowe it, the whiche is not soo good to the 4
housbandes profytte, but it is the sooner done. For
[Sidenote: [Fol. 21.]]
whan it is mowen, it wyll not be so fast bounden: and
he can not gather it soo cleane, but there wyll be moche
losse, and taketh more rowme in the barne than shorne 8
corne dothe. And also it wyll not kepe nor saue it selfe
from rayne or yll wether, whan it standeth in the couer,
as the shorne corne wyll do.

27. ¶ Howe to shere wheate.

[Sidenote: Shear wheat clean.]
Wheate wolde be shorne cleane, and harde bounden
in lyke maner; but for a generall rule, take good hede,
that the sherers of all maner of whyte corne cast not
vppe theyr handes hastely, for thanne all the lose corne, 4
and the strawes, that he holdeth not fast in his hande,
flieth ouer his heed, and are loste: and also it wyll pull
of the eares, and specyallye of the cornes that be verye
[Sidenote: Shear wheat clean.]
rype. In somme places they wyll shere theyr cornes 8
hyghe, to the entente to mowe theyr stubble, eyther to
thacke or to bren: if they so do, they haue greate cause
to take good hede of the sherers. For if the eares of
corne croke downe to the erthe, and the sherer take 12
not good hede, and put up the eare er he cut the
strawe: as many eares as be vnder his hoke or sicle
[Sidenote: Fol. 21_b_.]
fall to the erthe, and be loste; and whan they mowe
the stubble, it is great hyndraunce to the profytte of 16
[Sidenote: Near Ilchester and Martock they shear low.]
the grounde. And in Sommersetshire, about Zelcestre
and Martok, they doo shere theyr wheate very lowe,
and all the wheate-strawe that they pourpose to make
thacke of, they do not thresshe it, but cutte of the 20
eares, and bynde it in sheues, and call it rede: and
therwith they thacke theyr houses. And if it be a
[Sidenote: Best kind of thatching.]
newe house, they thacke it vnder theyr fote: the
whiche is the beste and the surest thacking that can 24
be of strawe, for crowes and douues shall neuer hurte it.

28. ==> To mowe or shere barley and otes.

[Sidenote: Mow barley and oats.]
Barley and otes be moste commonly mowen, and a
man or woman folowythe the mower with a hande-rake
halfe a yarde longe, with .vii. or .viii. tethe, in the
lyfte hande, and a syckle in the ryghte hande, and 4
with the rake he gethereth as moche as wyll make a
shefe. And thanne he taketh the barley or otes by the
toppes, and pulleth out as moche as wil make a band,
and casteth the band from him on the land, and with his 8
rake and his syckle taketh vp the barley or otes, &
[Sidenote: [Fol. 22.]]
layeth them vppon the bande, and so the barley lyeth
vnbounden .iii. or .iiii. dayes, if it be fayre wether,
and than to bynde it. And whan the barley is ledde 12
[Sidenote: Rake afterwards.]
away, the landes muste be raked, or els there wyll be
moche corne loste, and if the barley or otes lye, they
muste nedes be shorne.

29. ¶ To repe or mowe pees and beanes.

[Sidenote: Reap or mow peas and beans.]
Pees and benes be moste commonly laste reped or
mowen, of diuers maners, some with sickles, some
with hokes, and some with staffe-hokes. And in some
places they lay them on repes, and whan they be dry, 4
they laye them to-gether on heapes, lyke hey-cockes,
and neuer bynde them. But the beste way is, whan
[Sidenote: Bind them together.]
the repes be dry, to bynde them, and to set theym on
the rydge of the landes three sheues to-gether; and 8
loke that your sherers, repers, or mowers geld not
[Sidenote: Cut beans low.]
your beanes, that is to saye, to cutte the beanes so hye,
that the nethermoste codde growe styll on the stalke;
and whan they be bounden, they are the more redyer 12
to lode and vnlode, to make a reke, and to take fro
the mowe to thresshe. And soo be not the repes.

[Sidenote: [Fol. 22_b_.]]
30. ¶ Howe all maner of cornes shulde be tythed.

[Sidenote: How to tithe.]
Nowe that all these cornes before specyfyed be
shorne, mowed, reped, bounden vp, and layde vppon
the rydge of the lande, lette the housbande take
hede of goddes commaundemente, and let hym goo 4
[Sidenote: Count 9 sheaves, and cast out the tenth.]
to the ende of his lande, and begynne and tell .ix.
sheues, and let hym caste out the .x. shefe in the
name of god, and so to pervse fro_m_ lande to lande,
tyll he haue trewely tythed all his corne. And beware, 8
and take hede of the sayinge of our lorde by his
[Sidenote: Malachi iii. 8, 9.]
prophete Malachias, the whiche saythe, _Quia michi non
dedisti decimas et primitias, id circo in fame et penuria
maledicti estis_. That is to saye, Bycause ye haue not 12
gyuen to me your tythes, and your fyrste-fruytes, therefore
ye be cursed, and punysshed with honger and
[Sidenote: Augustine.]
penury. And accordynge to that saynte Austyn saythe:
_Da decimas, alioqui incides in decimam partem angelorum_ 16
[Sidenote: Give tithes truly.]
_qui de celo corruerunt in infernum_. That is to say, Gyue
thy tythes truely, or els thou shalt fall amonge the tenthe
parte of aungelles that felle from heuen in-to hell, the
whiche is an harde worde to euery man, that oughte to 20
[Sidenote: [Fol. 23.]]
gyue tythes, and doth not gyue them truely. But saynte
[Sidenote: Augustine.]
Austyne saythe a comfortable worde again, to them that
gyue theyr tythes truely, that is to saye: _Decimæ sunt_
[Sidenote: Tithes are tributes to the needy.]
_tributa egentium animarum_: Tythes are tributes or 24
rewardes to nedye soules. And ferther he saythe: _Si
decimam dederis, non solum abundantiam fructum recipies,
sed etiam sanitatem corporis et animæ consequeris_, That
is to saye, If thou haue gyuen thy tythes truely, thou 28
shalte not onely receyue the profite, and the abundaunce
of goodes, but also helthe of bodye and soule shall
folowe. Wolde to god, that euerye man knewe the
harde worde of our lorde by his prophete Malachias, 32
and also the comfortable wordes of the holy saynte
Austyn. For than wolde I truste verely, that tythes
shulde be truely gyuen.

31. ¶ Howe all maner of corne shulde he couered.

[Sidenote: How to cover corn.]
Nowe these cornes be shorne and bounden, and the
tithes cast out, it is tyme to couer theym, shoke theym,
or halfe-throne them, but couerynge is the beste waye
[Sidenote: [Fol. 23_b_.]]
of all maner of whyte corne. And that is, to set foure 4
sheues on one syde, and .iiii. sheues on the other syde,
[Sidenote: Set ten sheaves together.]
and two sheues aboue, of the greatteste, bounden harde
nyghe to the nether ende, the whiche must be set vpwarde,
and the top downewarde spredde abrode to couer all the 8
other sheues. And they wyll sta_n_d beste in wynde, and
saue theym-selfe beste in rayne, and they wolde be set
on the rydge of the lande, and the sayde sheues to leane
to-gether in the toppes, and wyde at the grounde, that 12
[Sidenote: For peas and beans set three together.]
the winde may go through, to drye them. Pees and
beanes wolde be set on the rydge of the lande, thre
sheues together, the toppes vpwarde, and wrythen to-gether,
and wyde benethe, that they maye the better 16
wyddre.

32. ¶ To lode corne, and mowe it.

[Sidenote: To load corn.]
Whanne all these cornes be drye and wyddred ynoughe,
than lode theym in-to the barne, and laye euerye corne
[Sidenote: Make many mows, if it be wet.]
by it-selfe. And if be a wete haruest, make many mowes:
and if thou haue not housynge ynoughe, thanne it is 4
better to laye thy pees and benes without vppon a reke,
than other corne, and it is better vppon a scaffolde than
vppon the grounde: for than it muste be well hedged
[Sidenote: [Fol. 24.]]
for swyne and catel, and the grounde wyll rotte the 8
bottom, and the scaffolde saueth both hedgynge and
rottynge: but they must be well couered bothe. And the
[Sidenote: The scaffold.]
husband may set shepe or catel vnder the same scaffold
and wyll serue hym in stede of an house, if it be well 12
and surely made, &c.

33. ¶ The second[25] sturrynge.

[Sidenote: August.]
In August, and in the begynnyng of September, is
[Sidenote: Second stirring.]
tyme to make his seconde sturrynge, and most commonly
it is cast downe and plowed a meane forowe, not to depe
nor to ebbe, so he turne it clene. And if it be caste, it 4
[Sidenote: Water-furrow the land.]
wolde be water-forowed bytwene the landes, there-as
the reane shulde be, and it wyll be the dryer, whan the
lande shall be sowen. And if the landes lie high in
the ridge, & highe at the reane, & lowe in the 8
myddes of the side, that the water may not ronne easely
in-to the reane, as I se dayly in many places: than let
the husband set his plough .iii. or .iiii. fote fro_m_ the
[Sidenote: How to ridge it up.]
rydge, and cast all the rydge on bothe sydes, and whan 12
the rydge is cast, set his plough there-as he began, and
rydge vp the remenant of the lande, and so is the land
bothe cast and rydged, and all at one plowynge. And this
[Sidenote: [Fol. 24_b_.]]
shall cause the lande to lye rounde, whan it is sowen 16
at the nexte tyme, and than shall it not drowne the corne.

34. ==> To sowe wheat and rye.

[Sidenote: Michaelmas.]
Aboute Myghelmasse it is tyme to sowe bothe wheate
[Sidenote: Sow wheat and rye.]
and rye. Wheate is mooste commonlye sowen vnder the
forowe, that is to saye, caste it vppon the falowe, and
than plowe it vnder. And in some places they sowe theyr 4
[Sidenote: Pease stubble.]
wheate vppon theyr pees-stubble, the whiche is neuer
soo good, as that that is sowen vppon the falowe: and
that is vsed, where they make falowe in a fyelde euery
[Sidenote: In Essex a child sows.]
fourthe yere. And in Essex they vse to haue a chylde, 8
to go in the forowe before the horses or oxen, with a
bagge or a hopper full of corne: and he taketh his hande
full of corne, and by lyttel and lytel casteth it in the
[Sidenote: He ought to have much discretion.]
sayde forowe. Me semeth, that chylde oughte to haue 12
moche dyscretion.

Howe-be-it there is moche good corne, and rye is
[Sidenote: Sow 2 London bushels to an acre.]
mooste commonlye sowen aboue and harrowed, and two
London busshelles of wheate and rye wyll sowe an acre. 16
Some grounde is good for wheate, some for rye, and
some is good for bothe: and vppon that ground sowe
[Sidenote: [Fol. 25.]]
blend-corne, that is both wheate and rye, the whyche is
the surest corne of growyng, and good for the husbandes 20
[Sidenote: Wheat and rye mixed.]
houshold. And the wheate, that shall be medled with
rye, muste be suche as wyll soone be rype, and that is
flaxen wheate, polerd wheate, or whyte wheate. And ye
shall vnderstande, that there be dyuers maners of wheates. 24
[Sidenote: Flaxen wheat.]
Flaxen wheate hath a yelowe eare, and bare without anis,
and is the bryghtest wheate in the busshell, and wyll
make the whytest breed, and it wyll weare the grounde
sore, and is small strawe, and wyll growe very thycke, 28
[Sidenote: Pollard wheat.]
and is but small corne. Polerde wheate hath noo anis,
thycke sette in the eare, and wyll soone fall out, and is
[Sidenote: White wheat.]
greatter corne, and wyll make whyte breed. Whyte
wheate is lyke polerde wheate in the busshell, but it 32
hath anis, and the eare is foure-square, and wyll make
white breed: and in Essex they call flaxen wheate
[Sidenote: Red wheat.]
whyte wheate. Red wheate hath a flat eare, an inche
brode, full of anis, and is the greatteste corne, and 36
the brodeste blades, and the greatteste strawe, and
wyl make whyte breed, and is the rudeste of colour
in the busshell.

[Sidenote: English wheat.]
Englysshe wheate hath a dunne eare, fewe anis or none, 40
and is the worste wheate, saue peeke-wheate. Peeke-wheete
[Sidenote: Peek-wheat.]
hath a red eare, ful of anis, thyn set, and ofte
[Sidenote: [Fol. 25_b_.]]
tymes it is flyntered, that is to saye, small corne wrynkeled
and dryed, and wyll not make whyte breade, but it wyl 44
growe vpon colde grounde.

35. ¶ To thresshe and wynowe corne.

[Sidenote: Carefully clean seed-corn.]
This wheate and rye, that thou shalte sowe, ought to
be very cleane of wede, and therfore, er thou thresshe
thy corne, open thy sheues, and pyke oute all maner of
wedes, and than thresshe it, and wynowe it cleane, 4
and so shalt thou haue good clene corne an other
[Sidenote: In Essex and Kent they fan the corn.]
yere. And in some countreys, aboute London specyallye,
and in Essex and Kente, they do fan theyr corne, the
whiche is a verye good gise, and a great saueguarde for 8
shedynge of the corne. And whan thou shalte sell it,
if it be well wynowed or fande, it wyll be solde the
derer, and the lyghte corne wyll seme the husbande in
his house. 12

36. ¶ To seuer pees, beanes, and fytches.

[Sidenote: Sift your peas and beans.]
Whan thou haste thresshed thy pees, and beanes,
after they be wynowed, and er thou shalte sowe or selle
them, let theym be well reed with syues, and seuered in
[Sidenote: [Fol. 26.]]
thre partes, the great from the small, and thou shalte gette 4
in euerye quarter a London busshell, or there about. For
[Sidenote: Separate small from large.]
the small corne lyeth in the holowe and voyde places of
the greate beanes, and yet shall the greate beanes be solde
as dere, as if they were all together, or derer, as a man 8
may proue by a famylier ensample. Let a man bye
[Sidenote: 120 herrings, at 2 a penny, cost 5 shillings;]
.C. hearynges,[26] two hearynges for a penye, and an other
.C. hearynges, thre for a peny, and let hym sell these
.CC. hearinges agayne .v. heringes for .ii. d.; nowe hath 12
he loste .iiii. d. For C. hearinges, .ii. for i. d., cost v. s.,
[Sidenote: 120 herrings, at 3 a penny, cost 3_s._ 4_d._;
or 8_s._ 4_d._ in all.]
and C. hearynges, .iii. for a peny, coste .iii s. and .iiii d.,
the whiche is .viii. s and .iiii. d.; and whan he selleth
.v. herynges for .ii. d., xx. heringes cometh but 16
[Sidenote: 20 herrings, at 5 for 2_d._, cost 8_d._; 12 times
as much are 24 groats, or 8_s._]
to .viii. d. and there is but .xii. score heringes, and that
is but .xii. grotes, and xii. grotes, and that cometh but to
.viii. s. and so he hath lost .iiii. d. and it is bicause there be
not so many bargeins, for in the bienge of these .CC. 20
heringes there be .v. score bargeins, and in the sellinge
of the same there be but .xlviii. bargeyns, and so is
there lost .x. hearinges, the whiche wolde haue ben .ii.
[Sidenote: Always buy by gross sale, and sell by retail.]
bargeyns moo, and than it had ben euen and mete. And 24
therfore he that byeth grosse sale, and retayleth, muste
nedes be a wynner. And so shalt thou be a loser, if
thou sell thy pees, beanes, and fytches together: for than
[Sidenote: [Fol. 26_b_.]]
thou sellest grosse sale. And if thou seuer them in thre 28
partes, than thou doest retayle, wherby thou shalte wynne.

37. ¶ Of shepe, and what tyme of the yere the rammes
shulde be put to the ewes.

An housbande can not well thryue by his corne,
without he haue other cattell, nor by his cattell, without
corne. For els he shall be a byer, a borower, or
[Sidenote: Sheep are the most profitable cattle.]
a begger. And bycause that shepe in myne opynyon is 4
the mooste profytablest cattell that any man can haue,
therfore I pourpose to speake fyrst of shepe. Than
fyrst is to be knowen, what tyme thou shalt put thy
[Sidenote: Rams and ewes.]
rammes to thy ewes; and therin I make a distinction, for 8
euery man maye not put to theyr rammes all at one
tyme; for if they doo, there wyll be greate hurte and
losse; for that man, that hath the best shepe-pasture for
wynter, and soone spryngynge in the begynnynge of the 12
yere, he maye suffre his rammes to goo with his ewes
all tymes of the yere, to blyssomme or ryde whan they
wyll: but for the comon pasture, it is tyme to put to his
[Sidenote: Sept. 14.]
rammes at the Exaltation of the holye crosse: for than 16
[Sidenote: [Fol. 27.]]
the bucke goth to the rut, and so wolde the ra_m_me.
But for the common husbande, that hath noo pasture but
the common fieldes, it is tyme ynoughe at the feste of
[Sidenote: Sept. 29.]
saynt Mychaell the archangel. And for the poore 20
housbande of the Peeke, or suche other, that dwell in
hylly and hyghe groundes, that haue no pastures, nor
common fieldes, but all-onely the comon hethe, Symon
[Sidenote: Oct. 28.]
and Jude daye is good tyme for theym, and this is the 24
reason why. An ewe goth with lambe .xx. wekes, and
shall yeane her lambe in the .xxi. weke; & if she haue
not conueniente newe grasse to eate, she maye not gyue
her lambe mylke: and for wante of mylke, there be 28
manye lambes perysshed and loste: and also for pouertye,
the dammes wyll lacke mylke, and forsake theyr lambes,
and soo often tymes they dye bothe in suche harde
countreys. 32

38. ¶ To make an ewe to loue her lambe.

If thy ewe haue mylke, and wyll not loue her lambe,
put her in a narowe place made of bordes, or of smothe
trouse, a yarde wyde, and put the lambe to her, and
[Sidenote: If a ewe]
socle it, and yf the ewe smyte the lambe with her 4
[Sidenote: [Fol. 27_b_.]]
heed, bynd her heed with a heye-rope, or a corde, to
[Sidenote: smite her lamb, tie up her head.]
the syde of the penne: and if she wyl not stande
syde longe all the lambe,[27] than gyue her a lyttell hey,
and tye a dogge by her, that she maye se hym: and 8
this wyll make her to loue her lambe shortely. And
if thou haue a lambe deed, wherof the damme hath
[Sidenote: Put a dead lamb’s skin on a live lamb, and so
change its dam.]
moche mylke, fley that lambe, and tye that skynne vpon
an other lambes backe, that hath a sory damme, with 12
lyttell mylke, and put the good ewe and that lambe to-gether
in the penne, and in one houre she wyll loue
that lambe; & than mayst thou take thy sory weyke
ewe awaye, and put her in an other place: and by this 16
meanes thou mayste fortune to saue her lyfe, and the
lambes bothe.

39. ¶ What tyme lambes shulde be wayned.

In some places they neuer seuer their lambes from
theyr dammes, and that is for two causes: One is, in
the beste pasture where the rammes goo alwaye with
[Sidenote: In the best pastures, lambs wean themselves.]
theyr ewes, there it nedeth not, for the dammes wil 4
waxe drye, and wayne theyr lambes theym-selfe. An
other cause is, he that hath noo seuerall and sounde
[Sidenote: [Fol. 28.]]
pasture, to put his lambes vnto whan they shoulde be
wayned, he muste eyther sell them, or let them sucke 8
as longe as the dammes wyll suffre theym; and it is
a common sayinge, that the lambe shall not rotte, as
longe as it souketh, excepte the damme wante meate.
[Sidenote: Lambs to be weaned at 16 weeks, or 18.]
But he that hath seueral and sounde pasture, it is tyme 12
to wayne theyr lambes, whanne they be .xvi. wekes
old, or .xviii. at the farthest, and the better shall the
ewe take the ramme agayne. And the poore man of
the peeke countreye, and suche other places, where as 16
they vse to mylke theyr ewes, they vse to wayne theyr
[Sidenote: In the Peak, lambs are weaned at 12 weeks.]
lambes at xii. wekes olde, and to mylke theyr ewes
fiue or syxe wekes, &c. But those lambes be neuer
soo good as the other that sucke longe, and haue 20
meate ynoughe.

40. ¶ To drawe shepe, and seuer them in dyuers places.

Than thou grasier, that hast many shepe in thy
[Sidenote: Have a large sheep-fold;]
pastures, it is conuenient for the to haue a shepefolde
made with a good hedge or a pale, the whiche wyll
receyue all thy shepe easyly that goo in one pasture, 4
sette betwene two of thy pastures, in a drye place;
[Sidenote: [Fol. 28_b_.]]
and adioynynge to the ende of the same, make an
[Sidenote: another to hold 90 sheep;]
other lyttell folde, that wyll receyue lxxxx. shepe or
moo, and bothe those foldes muste haue eyther of 8
theym a gate in-to eyther pasture, and at the ende
of that folde make an other lyttell folde, that wyll
[Sidenote: and another for 40 sheep.]
receyue .xl. shepe or mo, and betwene euery folde a
gate. And whan the shepe are in the greate folde, 12
let .xl. of them, or there about, come into the myddle
[Sidenote: Let the shepherd examine them in the middle fold.]
folde, and steke the gate. And than let the shepeherde
turne them, and loke them on euery syde, and if he se
or fynde any shepe, that nedeth any helpynge or mending 16
for any cause, lette the shepeherde take that shepe
with his hoke, and put hym in the lyttell folde. And
whan he hath taken all that nedeth any mendyng, than
put the other in-to whether pasture he wyll, and let in as 20
[Sidenote: Put the sick ones in the little fold.]
many out of the greate folde, and take those that nede
any handling, and put them into the lyttell folde. And
thus peruse them all tyll he haue doone, and than let the
shepeherde go belte, grese, and handel all those that he 24
hath drawen, and than shall not the great flocke be taryed
nor kepte from theyr meate: and as he hath mended
them, to put them into theyr pasture.

41. ¶ To belte shepe.

[Sidenote: [Fol. 29.]]
If any shepe raye or be fyled with dounge about the
[Sidenote: How to belt sheep.]
the tayle, take a payre of sheres and clyppe it awaye, and
cast dry muldes thervpon: and if it be in the heate of the
sommer, it wolde be rubbed euer with a lyttell terre, to 4
[Sidenote: Have a board to lay a sheep upon.]
kepe awaye the flyes. It is necessarye that a shepeherde
haue a borde, set fast to the syde of his lyttell folde, to
laye his shepe vpon when he handeleth theym, and an
hole bored in the borde with an augur, and therin a 8
grayned staffe of two fote longe, to be set fast, to hang
[Sidenote: A shepherd wants a dog, a hook, shears, and a
tar-box.]
his terre-boxe vpon, and than it shall not fall. And a
shepeherde shoulde not go without his dogge, his shepe-hoke,
a payre of sheres, and his terre-boxe, eyther with 12
hym, or redye at his shepe-folde, and he muste teche his
dogge to barke whan he wolde haue hym, to ronne whan
he wold haue hym, and to leue ronning whan he wolde
haue hym; or els he is not a cunninge shepeherd. The 16
dogge must lerne it, whan he is a whelpe, or els it wyl
not be: for it is harde to make an olde dogge to stoupe.

42. ¶ To grease shepe.

[Sidenote: How to grease sheep.]
If any sheepe be scabbed, the shepeherde maye perceyue
it by the bytynge, rubbyng, or scratchynge with
[Sidenote: [Fol. 29_b_.]]
his horne, and mooste commonly the woll wyll ryse, and
be thyn or bare in that place: than take hym, and shede 4
the woll with thy fyngers, there as the scab is, and with
thy fynger laye a lyttell terre thervpon, and stroke it a
lengthe in the bottom of the woll, that it be not seen
[Sidenote: Part the wool and put tar on.]
aboue. And so shede the woll by and by, and laye a 8
lyttell terre thervppon, tyll thou passe the sore, and than
it wyll go no farther.

43. ¶ To medle terre.

[Sidenote: How to mix tar.]
Let thy terre be medled with oyle, gose-grease, or
capons grease, these three be the beste, for these wyll
make the terre to ronne abrode: butter and swynes grease,
whan they be molten, are good, soo they be not salte; for 4
terre of hym-selfe is to kene, and is a fretter, and no
healer, without it be medled with some of these.

44. ¶ To make brome salue.

¶ A medicyne to salue poore mennes shepe, that thynke
terre to costely: but I doubte not, but and ryche men
[Sidenote: [Fol. 30.]]
knowe it, they wolde vse the same. Take a shete ful of
[Sidenote: Chop broom small, and boil it;]
brome, croppes, leaues, blossomes, and all, and chop 4
them very smal, and than sethe them in a pan of .xx.
gallons with rennynge water, tyll it begyn to waxe thycke
like a gelly, than take two pounde of shepe suet molten,
[Sidenote: add suet and brine;]
and a pottell of olde pysse, and as moche bryne made 8
with salte, and put all in-to the sayde panne, and styrre it
aboute, and than streyne it thorowe an olde clothe, and
putte it in-to what vessell ye wyll, and yf your shepe be
[Sidenote: use it warm with a sponge.]
newe clypped, make it luke-warme, and than washe your 12
shepe there-with, with a sponge or a pece of an olde
mantell, or of faldynge, or suche a softe cloth or woll,
[Sidenote: It can be used at any time.]
for spendynge to moche of your salue. And at all tymes
of the yere after, ye may relent it, and nede require: and 16
make wyde sheydes in the woll of the shepe, and anoynt
them with it, & it shal heale the scabbe, and kyll the
shepe-lyce, and it shall not hurte the woll in the sale
therof. And those that be washen wyll not take scabbe 20
after (if they haue sufficient meate); for that is the beste
grease that is to a shepe, to grease hym in the mouthe
with good meate; the whiche is also a greate saueguarde
[Sidenote: Good meat in the mouth]
to the shepe for rottynge, excepte there come myldewes, 24
[Sidenote: [Fol. 30_b_.]]
[Sidenote: is the best grease for sheep.]
for he wyl chose the beste, if he haue plentye. And
he that hath but a fewe shepe moderate this medicyne
accordynge.

45. ¶ If a shepe haue mathes.

[Sidenote: Maggots in sheep.]
If a shepe haue mathes, ye shall perceyue it by her
bytynge, or fyskynge, or shakyng of her tayle, and mooste
commonlye it is moyst and wete: and if it be nyghe vnto
the tayle, it is ofte tymes grene, and fyled with his 4
[Sidenote: How cured.]
dounge: and than the shepeherde muste take a payre
of sheres, and clyppe awaye the woll bare to the skynne,
and take a handfull of drye moldes, and cast the moldes
thervpon to drye vp the wete, and then wype the muldes 8
away, and lay terre there as the mathes were, and a lyttell
farther. And thus loke theym euery daye, and mende
theym, if they haue nede.

46. ¶ Blyndenes of shepe, and other dyseases, and
remedies therfore.

[Sidenote: Blindness in sheep.]
There be some shepe that wyll be blynd a season, and
yet mende agayn. And if thou put a lytel terre in his eye,
he will mende the rather. There be dyuers waters, &
[Sidenote: [Fol. 31.]]
other medicyns, that wolde mende hym, but this is 4
[the] mooste common medicyne that shepeherdes vse.

47. ¶ The worme in the shepes fote, and helpe therfore.

There be some shepe, that hath a worme in his foote,
[Sidenote: Worms in a sheep’s foot.]
that maketh hym halte. Take that shepe, and loke betwene
his clese, and there is a lyttell hole, as moche as a
greatte pynnes heed, and therin groweth fyue or syxe 4
blacke heares, lyke an inche long and more; take a sharpe
poynted knyfe, and slytte the skynne a quarter of an inche
long aboue the hole and as moche benethe, and put thy
[Sidenote: How cured.]
one hande in the holowe of the fote, vnder the hinder 8
clese, and set thy thombe aboue almooste at the slytte,
and thruste thy fyngers vnderneth forward, and with thy
other hand take the blacke heares by the ende, or with
thy knyues poynte, and pull the heares a lyttell and a 12
lyttell, and thruste after thy other hande, with thy fynger
and thy thombe, and there wyll come oute a worme lyke
a pece of fleshe, nygh as moche as a lyttel fynger. And
whan it is out, put a lyttel tarre into the hole, and it wyll 16
be shortely hole.

[Sidenote: [Fol. 31_b_.]]
48. ¶ The blode, and remedy if one come betyme.

There is a sicknes amo_n_g shepe, and is called the
[Sidenote: ‘The blood’ in sheep.]
bloude; that shepe, that hath that, wil dye sodeinly, and
er he dye, he wil stande stil, and hange downe the heed,
& other-while quake. If the shepeherde can espye 4
hym, let him take and rubbe hym about the heed, &
specyally about his eares, and vnder his eyen, & with
[Sidenote: Cut off the sheep’s ears.]
a knyfe cut of his eares in the middes, & also let hym
blode in a veyne vnder his eien: and if he blede wel, 8
he is lyke to lyue; and if he blede not, than kil him, and
saue his fleshe. For if he dye by hym-selfe, the flesshe is
loste, and the skyn wyll be ferre ruddyer, lyke blode,
more than an other skynne shall be. And it taketh 12
mooste commonly the fattest and best lykynge.

49. ¶ The pockes, and remedy therfore.

[Sidenote: Pocks in sheep.]
The pockes appere vppon the skyn, and are lyke reed
pymples, as brode as a farthynge, and therof wyll dye
many. And the remedy therfore is, to handle all thy
shepe, and to loke on euery parte of theyr bodyes: and 4
[Sidenote: [Fol. 32.]]
as many as ye fynde taken therwith, put them in fresshe
newe grasse, and kepe them fro theyr felowes, and to
loke thy flocke ofte, and drawe theym as they nede. And
if it be in sommer tyme, that there be no froste, than 8
[Sidenote: Wash them.]
washe them. Howe be it some shepeherdes haue other
medycines.

50. ¶ The wode euyll, and remedy therfore.

There is a sickenes among shepe, and is called the
[Sidenote: ‘Wood-evil’ in sheep.]
wode euyll, and that cometh in the sprynge of the yere,
and takethe them moste commonly in the legges, or in
the necke, and maketh them to halt, and to holde theyr 4
necke awry. And the mooste parte that haue that sicknes,
wyl dye shortely in a day or two. The best remedy is,
[Sidenote: Wash them and change their pasture.]
to wasshe theym a lyttell, and to chaunge theyr grounde,
and to bryng them to lowe grounde and freshe grasse. 8
And that sycknes is moste commonly on hylly grounde,
ley grounde, and ferny grounde, And some men vse to let
them bloudde vnder the eye in a vaine for the same cause.

51. ¶ To washe shepe.

[Sidenote: Wash and shear sheep in June.]
In June is tyme to shere shepe, and er they be shorne,
they muste be very well wasshen, the whiche shall be to
the owner great profyte in the sale of his woll, and also to
[Sidenote: [Fol. 32_b_.]]
the clothe-maker; but yet beware, that thou put not to many 4
shepe in a penne at one tyme, neyther at the washyng,
nor at the sheryng, for feare of murtheryng or ouer-pressyng
of their felowes, and that none go awaye, tyll he be
cleane washen, and se that they that hold the shepe by 8
the heed in the water, holde his heed hye ynoughe for
drownynge.

52. ¶ To shere shepe.

[Sidenote: How to shear sheep.]
Take hede of the sherers, for touchynge the shepe with
the sheres, and specially for pryckyng with the poynte of
the sheres, and that the shepeherde be alway redy with
his tarboxe to salue them. And se that they be well 4
[Sidenote: Mark them well.]
marked, bothe eare-marke, pitche-marke, and radel-marke,
and let the wol be well folden or wounden with
a woll-wynder, that can good skyll therof, the whiche shal
do moche good in the sale of the same. 8

53. ¶ To drawe and seuer the badde shepe from the good.

[Sidenote: Separate the sheep into flocks.]
Whan thou haste all shorne thy shepe, it is than best
tyme to drawe them, and soo seuer theym in dyuers sortes;
[Sidenote: [Fol. 33.]]
the shepe that thou wylte fede by them-selfe, the ewes by
theym-selfe, the share-hogges and theyues by them-selfe, 4
the lambes by theym-selfe, wedders and the rammes by
them-self, if thou haue soo many pastures for them: for
the byggest wyll beate the weikeste with his heed. And of
[Sidenote: Put those of one kind together.]
euery sort of shepe, it may fortune there be some, that 8
like not and be weike; those wolde be put in freshe
grasse by theym-selfe: and whan they be a lyttel mended,
than sel them, and ofte chaunge of grasse shal mend all
12 maner of cattell.

54. ==> What thynges rotteth shepe.

It is necessary that a shepeherde shoulde knowe what
thynge rotteth shepe, that he myght kepe them the
[Sidenote: Spear-wort.]
better. Ther is a grasse called sperewort, and hath a
long narowe leafe, lyke a spere-heed, and it wyll growe 4
a fote hyghe, and beareth a yelowe floure, as brode as a
peny, and it growethe alwaye in lowe places where the
water is vsed to stande in wynter. An other grasse is
[Sidenote: Penny-grass.]
called peny-grasse, and groweth lowe by the erthe in a 8
marsshe grounde, and hath a leafe as brode as a peny of
two pens, and neuer beareth floure. All maner of grasse,
[Sidenote: [Fol. 33_b_.]]
that the lande-floudde renneth ouer, is verye ylle for
shepe, bycause of the sande and fylthe that stycketh 12
[Sidenote: Marshy ground is bad.]
vppon it. All marreys grounde, and marsche grounde is
yll for shepe; the grasse that groweth vppon falowes is
not good for shepe; for there is moche of it wede, and
ofte tymes it commeth vppe by the rote, and that bryngeth 16
[Sidenote: Mildew.]
erthe with it, and they eate both, &c. Myldewe-grasse
is not good for shepe, and that ye shall knowe two
wayes. One is by the leaues on the trees in the mornynge,
and specyally of okes; take the leaues, and putte 20
thy tonge to them, and thou shalt fele lyke hony vppon
them. And also there wyll be many kelles vppon the
grasse, and that causeth the myldewe. Wherfore they
may not well be let out of the folde tyll the sonne haue 24
[Sidenote: Hunger-rot.]
domynation to drye them awaye. Also hunger-rotte is
the worst rotte that can be, for there is neither good
flesshe nor good skynne, and that cometh for lacke of
meate, and so for hunger they eate suche as they can 28
fynde: and so will not pasture-shepe, for they selden
rot but with myldewes, and than wyll they haue moch
[Sidenote: White snails.]
talowe and fleshe, and a good skyn. Also white snailes
be yll for shepe in pastures, and in falowes. There 32
[Sidenote: Pelt-rot.]
is an other rotte, whiche is called pelte-rotte, and that
[Sidenote: [Fol. 34.]]
commeth of greatte wete, specyally in woode countreyes,
where they can not drye.

55. ¶ To knowe a rotten shepe dyuers maner wayes,
wherof some of them wyll not fayle.

[Sidenote: How to know rotten sheep.]
Take bothe your handes, and twyrle vpon his eye, and
if he be ruddy, and haue reed stryndes in the white of
the eye, than he is sounde; and if the eye be white, lyke
talowe, and the stryndes darke-coloured, thanne he is 4
rotten. And also take the shepe, and open the wolle
on the syde, and yf the skynne be of ruddy colour and
drye, than is he sounde; and if it be pale-coloured, and
watrye, thanne is he rotten. Also whanne ye haue 8
[Sidenote: Rotten sheep have loose wool.]
opened the woll on the syde, take a lyttell of the woll
bytwene thy fynger and thy thombe, and pull it a lyttell,
and if it sticke faste, he is sounde, and if it comme
lyghtely of, he is rotten. Also whan thou haste kylde a 12
shepe, his belly wyll be full of water, if he be sore
rotten, and also the fatte of the fleshe wyll be yelowe,
if he be rotten. And also if thou cut the lyuer, therin
[Sidenote: Rotten sheep have flukes in the liver.]
wyll be lyttell quikens lyke flokes, and also the lyuer 16
wyll be full of knottes and whyte blysters, yf he be
[Sidenote: [Fol. 34_b_.]]
rotten; and also sethe the lyuer, if he be rotten it wyll
breke in peces, and if he be sounde, it wyll holde
together. 20

56. ¶ To bye leane cattell.

These housbandes, if they shall well thryue, they
muste haue bothe kye, oxen, horses, mares, and yonge
cattell, and to rere and brede euery yere some calues,
[Sidenote: How to buy oxen.]
and fools, or els shall he be a byer. And yf thou shalte 4
by oxen for the ploughe, se that they be yonge, and
not gowty, nor broken of heare, neyther of tayle, nor
of pysell. And yf thou bye kye to the payle, se that
[Sidenote: How to buy cows.]
they be yonge and good to mylke, and fede her calues 8
wel. And if thou bye kye or oxen to feede, the yonger
they be, the rather they wyll fede; but loke well, that
the heare stare not, and that he lycke hym-selfe, and
be hoole-mouthed, and want no tethe. And thoughe he 12
haue the goute and be broken, bothe of tayle and
pysell, yet wyll he fede. But the gouty oxe wyll not
[Sidenote: How to choose an ox.]
be dryuen ferre; and se that he haue a brode ryb, and
a thycke hyde, and to be lose-skinned, that it stycke not 16
harde nor streyte to his rybbes, for than he wyll not fede.

[Sidenote: [Fol. 35.]]
57. ¶ To bye fatte cattell.

[Sidenote: How to buy fat cattle.]
If thou shalte bye fatte oxen or kye, handel them,
and se that they be soft on the fore-croppe, behynde
the shulder, and vpon the hindermost rybbe, and upon
the hucbone, and the nache by the tayle. And se 4
the oxe haue a greate codde, and the cowe great
nauyll, for than it shulde seme that they shuld be wel
[Sidenote: See where, and of whom, you buy.]
talowed. And take hede, where thou byeste any leane
cattel or fat, and of whom, and where it was bred. For 8
if thou by out of a better grou_n_d than thou haste thy-selfe,
that cattell wyll not lyke with the. And also
loke, that there be no maner of sycknes amonge the
cattell in that towneshyp or pasture that thou byest thy 12
catel oute of. For if there be any murren or longe
sought, it is great ieoperdy: for a beast maye take sycknes
ten or .xii. dayes or more, ere it appere on hym.

58. ¶ Dyuers sycnesses of cattell, and remedies
therfore, and fyrst of murren.