Chapter LVIII: Appendix: Dispatches and Documents (3)

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Precisely at noon M'Mahon, La Motterouge's, and Dulac's divisions, electrified by their leaders, threw themselves against the Malakhoff, the Curtain, and the Little Redan of Careening Bay. After surmounting unheard-of obstacles, and after a terrible hand-to-hand struggle, M'Mahon's division succeeded in making good a footing in the front part of the Malakhoff. The enemy kept up a hail of projectiles of every description upon our brave troops. The Redan of Careening Bay, exposed to a cross fire and to the fire of the steamers, was obliged to be evacuated after having been occupied; but La Motterouge's division held its ground on a portion of the Curtain, and M'Mahon's division gained ground in the Malakhoff, where General Bosquet poured in reserves, which I hastened up.

The other attacks were subordinate to that of the Malakhoff, the key of the defences of the whole place.

From the Brancion Redoubt, where I had placed myself, I saw that the Malakhoff was in our hands, and I gave the signal agreed upon with General Simpson.

The English at once advanced bravely against the salient of the Great Redan; they succeeded in lodging themselves there, and struggled for a long time to keep it; but, overwhelmed by the Russian reserves, which never ceased advancing, and by a violent fire of artillery, they were forced to fall back into their parallels.

At the same signal General de Salles attacked the Central Bastion. Levaillant's division had commenced establishing itself there, as also on the right lunette, when, after a sweeping fire of grape, such strong Russian reinforcements came up, that our troops, decimated by the fire, and their officers _hors de combat_, were compelled to return to the _places d'armes_ they had started from.

Convinced that the capture of the Malakhoff must decide the success, I prevented a renewal of the other attacks, which, by occupying the enemy on all the points of his vast _enceinte_, had already fulfilled their chief object, and I concentrated all my attention on the possession of the Malakhoff, now completely in the power of General M'Mahon. A critical moment was, however, at hand.

General Bosquet had just been struck by a large fragment of a shell, and I was obliged to give his command to General Dulac. A powder magazine in the Curtain near the Malakhoff blew up, and made me fear the most serious consequences.

The Russians, hoping to profit by this accident, advanced in dense masses, and in three columns attacked the centre, left, and right of the Malakhoff. But arrangements had already been made within the work. General M'Mahon had daring troops, who feared nothing, to oppose them, and after some desperate attempts the Russians were compelled to beat a retreat. From that moment they relinquished any offensive attack. The Malakhoff was ours, and could not be taken from us. It was half-past four. Measures were immediately taken to put us in a condition to repulse the enemy, should he attempt to attack us in the night. But our uncertainty was soon put an end to. At nightfall flames burst out on all sides, mines exploded, powder magazines blew up. The spectacle of Sebastopol in flames, witnessed by the whole army, was one of the most imposing and terrible sights ever presented in the history of wars. The enemy was evacuating the place. The retreat was effected during the night by means of the bridge established between the two sides of the roadstead, and under cover of the successive explosions, which prevented me from approaching to harass it. On the morning of the 9th the whole south side of the town was abandoned and in our hands.

I need not point out to your Excellency the importance of such a success; nor need I speak of that brave army whose warlike virtues and devotion are so well appreciated by our Emperor, and I shall have, though the number is great, to point out to you those who distinguished themselves among so many valorous soldiers. I cannot do so yet, but I shall fulfil that duty in an early despatch.

Accept, M. le Maréchal, the expression of my respectful devotion.

PELISSIER,

Commander-in-Chief.

* * * * *

On the 9th of September, when it became known that the city was abandoned, the following order was issued:--

"GENERAL AFTER-ORDER.

"HEAD-QUARTERS, _September 9_.

"The Commander of the Forces congratulates the army on the result of the attack of yesterday.

"The brilliant assault and occupation of the Malakoff by our gallant Allies obliged the enemy to abandon the works they have so long held with such bravery and determination.

"The Commander of the Forces returns his thanks to the general officers and officers and men of the Second and Light Divisions, who advanced and attacked with such gallantry the works of the Redan. He regrets, from the formidable nature of the flanking defences, that their devotion did not meet with that immediate success which it so well merited.

"He condoles and deeply sympathizes with the many brave officers, non-commissioned officers, and men who are now suffering from the wounds they received in the course of their noble exertions of yesterday.

"He deeply deplores the death of the many gallant officers and men who have fallen in the final struggle of this long and memorable siege.

"Their loss will be severely felt, and their names long remembered in this army and by the British nation.

"General Simpson avails himself of this opportunity to congratulate and convey his warmest thanks to the general officers, officers and soldiers of the several divisions, to the Royal Engineers and Artillery, for their cheerful endurance of almost unparalleled hardships and sufferings, and for the unflinching courage and determination which on so many trying occasions they have evinced.

"It is with equal satisfaction that the Commander of the Forces thanks the officers and men of the Naval Brigade for the long and uniform course of valuable service rendered by them from the commencement of the siege.

"By order,

H. W. BARNARD, Chief of the Staff."

STATE OF ARMY, MARCH, 1855.

+----------+---------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| | OFFICERS. | SERJEANTS. |
| +---------------------+------------+-----------+----+-----+-----+
| | | Present. | Sick. | | | |
| | +------------+-----------+ | | |
| |Field Officers. | |Other-| |Com-|POWs | |
| | |Captains. | |wise | |mand|and | |
| | | |Subalterns.|Under|Emp- |Pre- |Ab- | |Miss-| |
| | | | |Staff.|Arms.|loyed.|sent.|sent.| |ing. |Total|
+----------+----+----+----+------+-----+------+-----+-----+----+-----+-----+
|Mounted | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Staff | ..| 1| 2| .. | 2| .. | .. | .. | 1| .. | 3|
|Cavalry | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Division| 16| 29| 39| 46 | 125| 45 | 9 | 14 | 15| .. | 208|
|Infantry | 85| 246| 391| 218 | 1293| 165 | 150 | 406 | 134| 2 | 2150|
|Ambulance | 1| 1| 1| 1 | 6| .. | .. | 1 | 3| .. | 10|
+----------+----+----+----+------+-----+------+-----+-----+----+-----+-----+
|ARTILLERY.| | | | | | | | | | | |
|Staff | 7| 12| ..| 5 | 27 | .. | .. | 2 | ..| .. | 29|
|Field | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Batteries| ..| 16| 25| 10 | 52 | .. | .. | 5 | ..| .. | 57|
|Siege | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Train | ..| 28| 34| 4 | 66 | 1 | 3 | 8 | 1| .. | 79|
| +----+----+----+------+-----+------+-----+-----+----+-----+-----+
| Total | 7| 56| 59| 19 | 145 | 1 | 3 | 13 | 1| .. | 163|
+----------+----+----+----+------+-----+------+-----+-----+----+-----+-----+
| Royal }| | | | | | | | | | | |
|Engineers}| | | | | | | | | | | |
|Sappers, }| | | | | | | | | | | |
|and }| 4| 9| 15| 6 | 19 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 20| .. | 48|
|Miners }| | | | | | | | | | | |
+==========+====+====+====+======+=====+======+=====+=====+====+=====+=====+

+----------+------------------------------------------+ | | TRUMPETERS OR DRUMMERS. | | +------------+-----------+----------+------+ | | Present. | Sick. | | | | +-----+------+-----------+Command. | | | | |Other-| | |POWs | | | | |wise | | |and | | | |Under|Emp- |Pre- |Ab- | |Miss-| | | |Arms.|loyed.|sent.|sent.| |ing. |Total.| +----------+-----+------+-----+-----+----+-----+------+ |Mounted | | | | | | | | | Staff | ..| .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |Cavalry | | | | | | | | | Division| 28| .. | 1 | 2 | 2 | .. | 33 |Infantry | 488| 2 | 35 | 106 | 8 | .. | 638 | |Ambulance | ..| .. | .. | 1 | .. | .. | 1 | +----------+-----+------+-----+-----+----+-----+------+ |ARTILLERY.| | | | | | | | |Staff | ..| .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |Field | | | | | | | | | Batteries| 11| .. | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | 13 | |Siege | | | | | | | | | Train | 26| .. | 1 | 2 | .. | .. | 29 | | +-----+------+-----+-----+----+-----+------+ | Total | 37| .. | 2 | 3 | .. | .. | 42 | +----------+-----+------+-----+-----+----+-----+------+ | Royal }| | | | | | | | |Engineers}| | | | | | | | |Sappers, }| | | | | | | | |and }| 12 | .. | .. | .. | 2 | .. | 14 | |Miners }| | | | | | | | +==========+=====+======+=====+=====+====+=====+======+

----------+-------------------------+-------------------------------------- | RANK AND FILE. | HORSES. +-------------+-----------+----+-----+------|-----+-----+-----+----- | Present. | Sick. | | | | | | | +------+------+-----------+ | | | | | | | |Other-| |Com-|POWs | | | | | | |wise | |mand|and | | | | | |Under |Emp- |Pre- |Ab- | |Miss-| |Pres-| |Com- | |Arms. |loyed.|sent.|sent.| |ing. |Total.| ent.|Sick.|mand.|Total. ----------+------+------+-----+-----+----+-----+------|-----+-----+-----+----- Mounted | | | | | | | | | | | Staff | 15| 1 | .. | 9 | 12| .. | 37| 18 | 6 | 31 | 55 Cavalry | | | | | | | | | | | Division| 989| 233 | 140 | 312 | 114| 1 | 1,789| 315 | 323 | 82 | 720 Infantry |15,920| 1854 |3394 |9476 |1713| 64 |32,421| .. | .. | .. | .. Ambulance | 85| .. | 4 | 66 | 41| .. | 196| .. | .. | .. | .. ----------+------+------+-----+-----+----+-----+------|-----+-----+-----+----- ARTILLERY.| | | | | | | | Native Horses. | | | | | | | +-----+-----+----------- Staff | ..| 68 | .. | .. | ..| .. | 68| 51 | 12 | .. Field | | | | | | | | | | Batteries| 1,196| .. | 175 | 307 | ..| 3 | 1,681| 749 | 290 | .. Siege | | | | | | | | | | Train | 1,608| 6 | 90 | 291 | ..| .. | 1,995| 17 | 73 | .. +------+------+-----+-----+----+-----+------|-----+-----+----------- Total | 2,804| 74 | 265 | 598 | ..| 3 | 3,744| 817 | 375 | .. ----------+------+------+-----+-----+----+-----+------|-----+-----+----------- Royal }| | | | | | | | | | Engineers}| | | | | | | | | | Sappers, }| | | | | | | | | | and }| 406| 43 | 37 | 76 | 106| .. | 668| .. | .. | .. Miners }| | | | | | | | | | ==========+======+======+=====+=====+====+=====+======+=====+=====+===========

----------------------------------------------------------------------+ GRAND TOTAL. | ----------------------------+----------------------+------------------+ Cavalry and Infantry. |Ordnance Corps. |Whole Army. | Officers 1,077 | Officers 175 | Men 43,318| Sergeants 2,371 | Sergeants 211 | Horses 1,967| Trumpeters, &c. 673 | Drummers 56 | Guns 195| Rank and File 34,443 | Rank and File 4,412 | | Horses 775 | Horses 1,192 | | ----------------------------+----------------------+------------------+

THE TREATY OF PARIS.

THE FOLLOWING ARE THE MOST IMPORTANT ARTICLES OF THE TREATY, SIGNED
BY THE REPRESENTATIVES OF THE GREAT POWERS, AT THE END OF THE
CRIMEAN WAR.

Art. VII. Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, His Majesty the Emperor of Austria, His Majesty the Emperor of the French, His Majesty the King of Prussia, His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, and His Majesty the King of Sardinia, declare the Sublime Porte admitted to participate in the advantages of the public law and system (_concert_) of Europe. Their Majesties engage, each on his part, to respect the independence and the territorial integrity of the Ottoman Empire; guarantee in common the strict observance of that engagement, and will, in consequence, consider any act tending to its violation as a question of general interest.

Art. VIII. If there should arise between the Sublime Porte and one or more of the other signing Powers any misunderstanding which might endanger the maintenance of their relations, the Sublime Porte, and each of such Powers, before having recourse to the use of force, shall afford the other Contracting Parties the opportunity of preventing such an extremity by means of their mediation.

Art. IX. His Imperial Majesty the Sultan, having, in his constant solicitude for the welfare of his subjects, issued a firman which, while ameliorating their condition without distinction of religion or of race, records his generous intentions towards the Christian population of his empire, and wishing to give a further proof of his sentiments in that respect, has resolved to communicate to the Contracting Parties the said firman, emanating spontaneously from his sovereign will.

The Contracting Powers recognize the high value of this communication. It is clearly understood that it cannot, in any case, give to the said Powers the right to interfere, either collectively or separately, in the relations of His Majesty the Sultan with his subjects, nor in the internal administration of his empire.

Art. XI. The Black Sea is neutralized: its waters and its ports, thrown open to the mercantile marine of every nation, are formally and in perpetuity interdicted to the flag of war, either of the Powers possessing its coasts, or of any other Power, with the exceptions mentioned in Articles XIV. and XIX. of the present Treaty.

Art. XIII. The Black Sea being neutralized according to the terms of Article XI, the maintenance or establishment upon its coast of military-maritime arsenals becomes alike unnecessary and purposeless; in consequence, His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias and His Imperial Majesty the Sultan engage not to establish or to maintain upon that coast any military-maritime arsenal.

Art. XXII. The Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia shall continue to enjoy, under the suzerainty of the Porte, and under the guarantee of the Contracting Powers, the privileges and immunities of which they are in possession. No exclusive protection shall be exercised over them by any of the guaranteeing Powers. There shall be no separate right of interference in their internal affairs.

Art. XXVIII. The Principality of Servia shall continue to hold of the Sublime Porte, in conformity with the Imperial Hats which fix and determine its rights and immunities, placed henceforward under the collective guarantee of the Contracting Powers.

In consequence, the said Principality shall preserve its independent and national administration, as well as full liberty of worship, of legislation, of commerce, and of navigation.

Art. XXIX. The right of garrison of the Sublime Porte, as stipulated by anterior regulations, is maintained. No armed intervention can take place in Servia without previous agreement between the High Contracting Powers.

* * * * *

Hang TREATY BETWEEN HER MAJESTY, THE EMPEROR OF AUSTRIA, AND THE EMPEROR OF THE FRENCH, GUARANTEEING THE INDEPENDENCE AND INTEGRITY OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE.

_Signed at Paris, April 15, 1856._

_Ratifications exchanged at Paris, April 29, 1856._

Art. I. The High Contracting Parties guarantee, jointly and severally, the independence and the integrity of the Ottoman Empire, recorded in the Treaty concluded at Paris on the thirtieth of March, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.

Art. II. Any infraction of the stipulations of the said Treaty will be considered by the Powers signing the present Treaty as _casus belli_. They will come to an understanding with the Sublime Porte as to the measures which have become necessary, and will without delay determine among themselves as to the employment of their military and naval forces.

* * * * *

THE DENUNCIATION OF THE TREATY OF PARIS.

EARL GRANVILLE TO SIR A. BUCHANAN.

FOREIGN OFFICE, _Nov. 10, 1870_.

Sir,--Baron Brunnow made to me yesterday the communication respecting the Convention between the Emperor of Russia and the Sultan, limiting their naval forces in the Black Sea, signed at Paris on the 30th of March, 1856, to which you allude in your telegram of yesterday afternoon.

In my despatch of yesterday I gave you an account of what passed between us, and I now propose to observe upon Prince Gortschakoff's despatches of the 19th and 20th ult., communicated to me by the Russian Ambassador on that occasion.

Prince Gortschakoff declares, on the part of His Imperial Majesty, that the Treaty of 1856 has been infringed in various respects to the prejudice of Russia, and more especially in the case of the Principalities, against the explicit protest of his representative, and that, in consequence of these infractions, Russia is entitled to renounce those stipulations of the Treaty which directly touch her interests.

It is then announced that she will no longer be bound by the Treaties which restrict her rights of sovereignty in the Black Sea.

We have here an allegation that certain facts have occurred which, in the judgment of Russia, are at variance with certain stipulations of the Treaty, and the assumption is made that Russia, upon the strength of her own judgment as to the character of those facts, is entitled to release herself from certain other stipulations of that instrument.

This assumption is limited in its practical application to some of the provisions of the Treaty, but the assumption of a right to renounce any one of its terms involves the assumption of a right to renounce the whole.

This statement is wholly independent of the reasonableness or unreasonableness, on its own merits, of the desire of Russia to be released from the observation of the stipulations of the Treaty of 1856 respecting the Black Sea.

For the question is, in whose hand lies the power of releasing one or more of the parties from all or any of these stipulations?

It has always been held that that right belongs only to the Governments who have been parties to the original instrument.

The despatches of Prince Gortschakoff appear to assume that any one of the Powers who have signed the engagement may allege that occurrences have taken place which in its opinion are at variance with the provisions of the Treaty; and, although this view is not shared nor admitted by the co-signatory Powers, may found upon that allegation, not a request to those Governments for the consideration of the case, but an announcement to them that it has emancipated itself, or holds itself emancipated, from any stipulations of the Treaty which it thinks fit to disprove. Yet it is quite evident that the effect of such doctrine, and of any proceeding which, with or without avowal, is founded upon it, is to bring the entire authority and efficacy of Treaties under the discretionary control of each one of the Powers who may have signed them; the result of which would be the entire destruction of Treaties in their essence. For whereas their whole object is to bind Powers to one another, and for this purpose each one of the parties surrenders a portion of its free agency, by the doctrine and proceeding now in question one of the parties, in its separate and individual capacity, may bring back the entire subject into its own control, and remains bound only to itself.

Accordingly, Prince Gortschakoff has announced in these despatches the intention of Russia to continue to observe certain of the provisions of the Treaty. However satisfactory this might be in itself, it is obviously an expression of the free will of that Power, which it might at any time alter or withdraw; and in this it is thus open to the same objections as the other portions of the communications, because it implies the right of Russia to annul the Treaty on the ground of allegations of which she constitutes herself the only judge.

The question therefore arises, not whether any desire expressed by Russia ought to be carefully examined in a friendly spirit by the co-signatory Powers, but whether they are to accept from her the announcement that, by her own act, without any consent from them, she has released herself from a solemn covenant.

I need scarcely say that Her Majesty's Government have received this communication with deep regret, because it opens a discussion which might unsettle the cordial understanding it has been their earnest endeavour to maintain with the Russian Empire; and for the above-mentioned reasons it is impossible for Her Majesty's Government to give any sanction, on their part, to the course announced by Prince Gortschakoff.

If, instead of such a declaration, the Russian Government had addressed Her Majesty's Government and the other Powers who are parties to the Treaty of 1856, and had proposed for consideration with them, whether anything has occurred which could be held to amount to an infraction of the Treaty, or whether there is anything in the terms which, from altered circumstances, presses with undue severity upon Russia, or which, in the course of events, had become unnecessary for the due protection of Turkey, Her Majesty's Government would not have refused to examine the question in concert with the co-signatories to the Treaty. Whatever might have been the result of such communications, a risk of future complications and a very dangerous precedent as to the validity of international obligations would have been avoided.

I am, &c., (Signed) GRANVILLE.

P.S.--You will read and give a copy of this despatch to Prince Gortschakoff.

* * * * *

PRINCE GORTSCHAKOFF TO BARON BRUNNOW.

CZARSKOE SELO, _8 (20) November, 1870_.

M. le Baron,--The English Ambassador has read to and given me a copy of a despatch of Lord Granville relating to our communications of the 19th (31) of October.

I have hastened to place it before His Majesty the Emperor. It has pleased our August Master to notice, first, the earnest desire of the Cabinet of London to maintain a cordial understanding between England and Russia, and secondly, the assurance that it would not refuse to examine the modifications which circumstances have caused in the results of the Treaty of 1856. As regards the view of strict right laid down by Lord Granville we do not wish to enter into any discussion, recall any precedent, or cite any example, because such a debate would not conduce to the understanding that we desire.

Our August Master has had an imperative duty to fulfil towards his country, without wishing to wound or threaten any of the Governments who signed the Treaty of 1856. On the contrary, His Imperial Majesty appeals to their sentiments of justice, and to the consciousness of their own dignity.

We regret to see that Lord Granville dwells chiefly on the form of our communications. It was not done by our choice. Assuredly, we should have desired nothing better than to arrive at the result in harmony with the Powers who signed the Treaty of 1856. But Her Britannic Majesty's principal Secretary of State well knows that all the efforts repeatedly made to unite the Powers in a common deliberation, in order to do away with the causes of complication which trouble the general peace, have constantly failed. The prolongation of the actual crisis, and the absence of a regular Power in France, remove still further the possibility of such an union. Meanwhile, the position of Russia by this Treaty has become more and more intolerable. Lord Granville will allow that the Europe of to-day is very different from that which signed the Act of 1856. It was impossible that Russia should consent to remain indefinitely bound by a transaction which, already onerous when concluded, lost its guarantees from day to day.

Our August Master knows his duty towards his country too well to impose on it any longer an obligation against which the national feeling protests.

We cannot admit that the abrogation of a theoretical principle without immediate application, which only restores to Russia a right of which no other nation would be deprived, can be considered as a menace to peace, or that the annulment of one point in the Treaty implies the annulment of the whole.

Such has never been the intention of the Imperial Cabinet. On the contrary, our communications of the 19th (31st) of October declare in the most explicit manner that His Majesty the Emperor adheres entirely to the general principles of the Treaty of 1856, and that he is ready to come to an understanding with the Powers who signed that transaction, either by confirming the general stipulations, or by renewing them, or by substituting for them any other equitable arrangement which will be considered fitting to ensure tranquillity in the East, and the equilibrium of Europe. There seems to be no reason why the Cabinet of London, if agreeable to it, should not enter into explanations with those who signed the Treaty of 1856.

On our part, we are ready to join in any deliberation having for its object the general guarantees for consolidating the peace of the East.

We are sure that this peace would receive additional security if a permanent cause of irritation now existing between the two Powers most directly interested in it was removed and their mutual relations were resettled on a good and solid understanding.

You are requested, M. le Baron, to read and give a copy of this despatch to Lord Granville.

The principal Secretary of State of Her Britannic Majesty has expressed to you the regret he would experience if this discussion would alter the good understanding which the Government of Her Majesty the Queen has striven to maintain between the two countries. Will you inform his Excellency how much the Imperial Cabinet would share in this regret.

We think the good understanding of the two Governments essentially useful to the two countries, as well as to the peace of the world. It is with a lively satisfaction that we have seen it become during the last few years more and more intimate and cordial.

The parity of the circumstances in which we are placed seem of a kind to render this more desirable than ever.

Receive, &c.,

GORTSCHAKOFF.

* * * * *

EARL GRANVILLE TO SIR A. BUCHANAN.

FOREIGN OFFICE, _Nov. 28_.

Sir,--The Russian Ambassador has read and given to me a copy of a despatch of Prince Gortschakoff of the date of 8th (20th) November.

It is not necessary for Her Majesty's Government to recur to the important questions of international law raised by the circular of Prince Gortschakoff, as they have nothing to add to the declaration on the subject which they have already made.

His Excellency has been good enough to appeal to my knowledge of facts which His Excellency states prevented that consultation and agreement with other parties to this Treaty which Russia would have preferred.

I am aware that suggestions for Congresses to settle other European questions have been made and not adopted.

It has been also stated to me that intimations have been given to some of my predecessors, that in the case of certain contingencies, which however have never occurred, such as the possession of the Principalities by Austria, Russia would feel bound to call into question some of the provisions of the Treaty of 1856. But I am ignorant of any occasion on which Russia, the party most interested, has proposed in any way to this country that a relaxation of the Treaty should be taken into consideration.

I cannot therefore admit that the Imperial Government can justify this proceeding by the failure of efforts which have never been made.

The courteous language in which Prince Gortschakoff's despatch is written, his assurance of the manner in which he would have preferred to open this question, and his declaration of the strong desire for a confirmation of good relations between the two nations, particularly important at this time, encourage Her Majesty's Government in the belief that the obstacle to such relations will be removed.

They observe that His Excellency describes the declaration which has been made by Russia as an abrogation of a theoretical principle without immediate application. If these words are to be construed into an announcement that Russia has formed and stated her own opinion of her rights, but has no intention of acting in conformity with it without due concert with the other Powers, they go far to close the controversy in which the two Governments have been engaged.

Her Majesty's Government have no objection to accept the invitation which has been made by Prussia to a Conference, upon the understanding that it is assembled without any foregone conclusions as to its results. In such case Her Majesty's Government will be glad to consider with perfect fairness, and the respect due to a great and friendly Power, any proposals which Russia may have to make.

You will read and give a copy of this despatch to Prince Gortschakoff.

I am, &c., (Signed) GRANVILLE.

* * * * *

THE CONFERENCE OF 1871.

HANG THE RESULT OF THE DENUNCIATION OF THE TREATY OF PARIS BY RUSSIA WAS THAT A CONFERENCE, SUGGESTED BY PRINCE BISMARCK, WAS ARRANGED TO MEET AT LONDON.

PROTOCOL NO. 1.

_At the Sitting of January 17._

Earl Granville expressed himself as follows:--

Earl Granville--

"The Conference has been accepted by all the co-signatory Powers of the Treaty of 1856, for the purpose of examining, without any foregone conclusion, and of discussing with perfect freedom, the proposals which Russia desires to make to us with regard to the revision which she asks of the stipulations of the said Treaty relative to the neutralization of the Black Sea.

"This unanimity furnishes a striking proof that the Powers recognize that it is an essential principle of the law of nations that none of them can liberate itself from the engagements of a treaty, nor modify the stipulations thereof, unless with the consent of the contracting parties by means of an amicable understanding."

The Plenipotentiary of Russia requested the permission of the
Conference to read a summary which he wished to be inserted in the
Protocol:--

"He instanced specially the precedent of the Conferences held at
different periods in Paris, and cited the decisions adopted by
general agreement with the view of modifying the Government of the
Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia, an alteration which
received the sanction of the Sublime Porte, as well as the assent
of the other Contracting Powers.

"He affirmed that these deviations from the Treaty have exercised
no influence on the firm intention of the Emperor to maintain
intact the general principles of the Treaty of 1856, which have
defined the position of Turkey in the system of Europe.

"In fact, these stipulations, suggested at another period under the
influence of conjunctures entirely different from the present
situation are no longer in harmony with the relations of good
neighbourhood which exist at this moment between the two Riverain
Powers."

ANNEX.

The Plenipotentiaries of North Germany, of Austria-Hungary, of Great Britain, of Italy, of Russia, and of Turkey, assembled to-day in Conference, recognize that it is an essential principle of the law of nations that no Power can liberate itself from the engagements of a treaty, nor modify the stipulations thereof, unless with the consent Powers by means of an amicable arrangement.

In faith of which the said Plenipotentiaries have signed the present Protocol.

Done at London, the 17th January, 1871.

(Signed) BERNSTORFF. APPONYI. GRANVILLE. CADORNA. BRUNNOW. MUSURUS. BROGLIE.

March 13, 1871.

INDEX.

Adams, Brigadier-General, at Inkerman, 169

_Adelaide_, the, her arrival in Balaklava, 201

_Agamemnon_, the, her orders for sailing, 81;
enters Balaklava, and attacks the fort, 137

Airey, General Sir R., his encampment, 42;
superseded, 423

Aladyn, encampment at, 42, 46

Alexander, Colonel, 128

Alexander, Dr., 8

Allied armies, assembled at Varna, 50;
military review of the, 51;
their great losses in killed and wounded, 341;
their preparation for winter quarters, 379;
error of their campaign, 494, 495.
See _French_, and _Soldiers_

Alma, the river, halt of the Allied forces at,
and preparations for the battle of, 98;
account of the battle, 102 _et seq._;
position of the Russians on, 106;
the Allies victorious, 120;
retreat of the Russians from, _ib._;
military conduct of the battle of, 121;
state of the battle-field, 483;
telegraph at, 486;
position and attack at, 486, 487;
bitter reflections on the battle, _ib._;
graves at, 489;
frightful losses at, 490;
its entrenchments, _ib._;
monument at, 491

Aloupka, visit to, 482;
the Colonel of, _ib._;
dinner at, _ib._

Aloushta, 476;
visits to, 479

Ambalaki, capture of, 268

Ambulance corps, wretchedness of the, 199;
disbanded, 378

Ambulances, their great utility, 363;
superiority of the English ones, 439

Anderson, Captain, 42, 87

Araba drivers, their disappearance from Roumelia and Bulgaria, 201

Arabas, arrival of, with provisions, 97

Arabat, Spit of, 277, 496;
unsuccessful attack on the fortress of, _ib._

Armies of the Russians and the Allies, condition of the, 303;
their respective positions before Sebastopol, 305;
general state of the, 469

Armistice, for the burial of the dead, and
interchange of civilities during the, 228, 246, 267;
sad scenes during the, 295;
news of, from the respective governments, 457;
mutual visits after the, 458 _et seq._;
agreed to, 462;
followed by peace, 467

Arms, a gallant feat of, 258, 259

Army, British, its distressed position at Varna, 62;
its different divisions, and General Commander, 87;
its improved condition, 238;
its concentrated attack on Sebastopol, 351 _et seq._;
its amount of armament in the bombardment of Sebastopol, 336 _et seq._;
jealousies in the, 385, 386;
preparations for its winter encampment, 420.
See _Crimea_, and _Soldiers_

Artillery, duel of, 249;
its powerful effects, 463

Athens, Gulf of, 12

Athos, Mount, 12

Autemarre, General d', the French Commander in the Sea of Azoff, 265.

Azoff, expedition to the Sea of, 265;
capture of Yenikale, 268;
operations in the, 270 _et seq._;
destruction of the Russian shipping, &c., 280;
complete success of the expedition, 281;
purity of its water, 496

Baidar, miserable state of, 475

Bakschiserai, retreat of the Russians to, 131;
visit to, 472;
miserable state of, 474

Balaklava, march of the expedition to, 137;
a poor village, _ib._;
surrender of the town, _ib._;
cholera at, 138;
intended attack of the Russians on, 156;
fortified earthworks thrown around, 166;
hurricane at, 180 _et seq._;
miserable condition of, 191, 192;
dreadful scenes among the Turks in, 192;
false alarm at, 193;
improvements in, 235;
general state of, 250;
movements in front of, 325;
its singular aspect, 375;
discipline in the harbour of, 450;
improvements in, _ib._

Baltschik, rendezvous of the expedition in, 70, 71

Barnard, General, appointed chief of the staff, 305;
his meeting with the Russians, 458

Bashi-Bazouks, their military characteristics, 51;
their encampment, 52;
disbanded, 57

Batteries before Sebastopol, 214, 215;
relative position and strength of the, 336 _et seq._

Bayonet, sanguinary charge with the, at Inkerman, 169, 170;
contests with the, 255, 259;
reluctance to charge with the, 347

Bazancourt's strictures on the Allied forces, 97-100

Beatty, the engineer, his death, 250

Belbek, the river, 132;
scenery of the, _ib._;
barrier of the, 133;
arrival of the Allied troops at, _ib._;
false alarm at, 135;
deliberations at, 136;
march from the, _ib._;
heights of the, 484;
cantonments on the, _ib._

Bell, Captain, his gallantry at Alma, 114

Bentinck, Major-General Sir H., lands at Eupatoria, 86;
his orders relative to the services of the fourth division, 392

Berdiansk, attack on, 270

Birds, crowds of, on board ship, 9, 10;
Crimean varieties, 233

Bizot, General, killed, 252

Black River, the, 133;
gorge of the, 166

Black Sea, entrance of the expedition into the, 39

Blane, Major, 183

Bombardment of Sebastopol, 250 _et seq._;
terrible effects of the, 335, 338 _et seq._
See _Sebastopol_

Bomb-shells of the Russians, 248, 343

Bonaparte, Emperor, his intended visit to the Crimea, 260

Bono Johnnies, 53, 54, 175

Bosphorus, arrival of the British troops in the, 23;
scenery of the, 37, 38

Bosquet, General, commander of the second division of the French, 56;
his command at the Alma, 98;
his bravery, 102, 103;
at the Tchernaya, 155;
at Inkerman, 172

Bouljanæk, affair at, 94 _et seq._

Bouet Willaumez, the French Admiral, 487

Boussiniere, his bravery at Alma, 103

Boxer, Admiral, commander of Balaklava, 210;
his improvements at Balaklava, 239

British soldiers, their devoted heroism, 2, 3

British troops, their disembarkation at Eupatoria, 84.
See _Soldiers_

Brown, General Sir G., 8;
visits Rustum Pasha, 15;
his quarters, 16;
cordiality of the French towards, 16;
a strict disciplinarian, 23;
proceeds to Varna, 36;
his landing at Eupatoria, 85;
his danger, _ib._;
commands the light division, 87;
his gallantry at the Alma, 113, 114;
at Inkerman, 169;
his operations, 242;
commander of the expedition to the Sea of Azoff, 265

Bruat, Admiral, 27;
death of, 447;
high mass celebrated for the soul of, _ib._

Bucharest, captured by Omar Pasha, 55

Bug, river, expedition up the, 413;
scenery on the banks of the, _ib._;
conflict with the Russians, 414;
its confluence with the Dnieper, 415;
operations in the, 416, 417;
raising of the blockade, 419;
difficulties of ascending it, _ib._, _note_

Bulair, town of, 16, 21;
military works at, 23;
fortifications at, 27

Bulgaria, peasantry of, 43, 44;
immense forces assembled in, 48, 49;
the natives forsake their homes, 46

Buller, Brigadier-General, 42

Burgoyne, Sir John, proposes the flank march, 132, 134;
his departure for England, 243

Burliouk, ruins of, 489, 491

Burrell, Dr., 8

Cafés at Gallipoli, 17, 18

Calvert, Mr., the consul at Gallipoli, 15;
his active efforts, _ib._

Cambridge, Duke of, his arrival at Gallipoli, 30;
dines with the Sultan, 33;
lands at Eupatoria, 86;
commands the first division, 87;
his gallantry at Alma, 114;
at Inkerman, 169

Camel, anecdote of one at Sebastopol, 439

Cameron, General, of the Highland division, 324

Camp-followers in the Crimea, 449, 450

Camp life, 48

Campbell, General Sir Colin, 25;
his military experience, 114

Campbell, General Sir J., of the fourth division, 242;
his military operations, _ib._;
death of, 292

"Canards," hatching of, 215

Canrobert, General, 6;
at Gallipoli, 15;
arrives at Varna, 41;
his bravery at Alma, 102;
assumes the command of the French troops, 139;
at Inkerman, 172;
his order of the day after the battle of Inkerman, 190;
his address to the troops, 260

Canteen-keepers, their rapacity, 445

Carbuccia, General, death of, 56

Cardigan, Lord, his difficult reconnaissance, 54;
his early operations, 94;
at the Tchernaya, 155;
his desperate cavalry charge at Balaklava, 159

Careening Bay, Sebastopol, 143

Casualties, number of, 324, 432

Cathcart, Sir G., commands the fourth division, 87;
at Balaklava, 139;
slain at Inkerman, 170;
his advice while living disregarded, 436

Cathcart's Hill, its position, 248, 249, 252;
view of Sebastopol from, 334;
present state of, 375

Cavalry brigade, British, criticisms on the, 152;
its charge on the Russians, 157;
relics of the, 257

Cemetery, struggle for the, 292;
its capture, 294

"Chambers of horrors," 367

Chapman, Captain, at Sebastopol, 151

Charges at night, difficulties of describing, 261

Chasseurs, at Inkerman, 171;
review of the, 261

Cherson, Cape, lighthouse of, 138

Cherson Bay, cruise up the, 413

Chersonese, Cape, 76;
memorials of the brave at the, 494

Cholera, its violence in Bulgaria, 56;
at Varna, 57, 58;
horrors attending it, 58, 61, 62;
its ravages at Balaklava, &c., 138, 139, 447

Christian subjects of Turkey, their right to protection, 2

Christmas of 1854, its dreariness in the Crimea, 196;
of 1855, 447

Church, desolated interior of a, 257

Civilians, their criticisms on military matters, 447

Classical fictions, 10

Clifford, Hon. Mr., 115

Climate of the Dardanelles and surrounding country, 25, 26

Clothing, terrible deficiency of, 196, 197;
supplied by the _Times'_ commissioner, 196;
general supplies of, 202, 441

Codrington, General Sir W., his gallantry at Alma, 111, 112;
at Inkerman, 169;
his justification, 353;
appointed commander-in-chief, 423;
his various promotions, 424, 425;
his career, 425;
his general orders, 425;
his grand review of the British troops, 454-456;
his general orders respecting the departure of the Sardinians, 492

Coffee, wretched supply of, 204

Colborne, Major, 31

Cold, destructive effects of the, 205, 206;
paralyzing effects of, 221

Colville, Captain, his bravery at Alma, 111

Comet, appearances of the, 9

Commissariat department, 8;
its difficulties at Gallipoli, 20, 21;
its pressure of business, 59;
its supplies, 179;
its deficiencies, 191;
improvement in the supplies, 238;
favourable changes in the, 437

Commission, mixed, at Sebastopol, for distributing the prize captures, 381-385

Cooking, want of apparatus for, 478

Cooking rations, receipts for, 219

Corn, destruction of, in the Sea of Azoff, 270;
quantity of, issued to the English army, 375;
great waste of, 444

Cossacks, appearance of the, 80, 84;
first encounter with the, 94, 95;
their indefatigability, 202;
their cunning, 212;
a brush with the, 258;
their sly manoeuvres at Kinburn, 420;
their appearance and habiliments, 459, 473, 480;
their horses, 480, 481

Councils, divided, evils of the, 426

CRIMEA, causes of the expedition to the, 1;
preparations for the campaign, 2 _et seq._;
influence of the press on the, 2, 3;
early difficulties, and imperfect arrangements for the war, 15, 17;
orders for attacking the, 56;
preparations for invading the, _ib._;
Russian forces at the, _ib._;
departure of the expedition, 70;
its shores and anchorage, 73 _et seq._;
landing at Eupatoria, 84-86;
first encounters with the Russians, 89, 94, 95;
amount of the invading force, 87;
Tartar race of the, 88;
march of the Allied army, 83 _et seq._;
battle of the Alma, 97 _et seq._;
advance from the Alma, 129;
movements of the Russians, 133;
advance on Belbek, 134;
capture of Balaklava, 137;
arrival at Sebastopol, 138;
and its investment, 141 (see _Sebastopol_);
battle of Inkerman, 169;
hardships of the campaign, 179;
attack on Eupatoria, 190;
attack of the French on Sebastopol, and the progress of the siege, 200;
great hardships, 203;
climate, _ib._;
the _Times'_ fund sent to the, 196;
commencement of active operations in the spring, 231;
railway in the, 232;
birds and flowers in the, 233;
sports of the camp, 234;
march of improvement in, 235;
severe fighting before Sebastopol, 244 _et seq._;
Kertch expeditions, 263, 265;
expedition to the Sea of Azoff, 265;
severe fighting before Sebastopol, 284 _et seq._;
death of Lord Raglan, 299;
General Simpson appointed Commander-in-Chief, 301;
battles of the Tchernaya, 155, 315;
the Sardinian contingent, 310;
capture of the Malakoff, 343;
retreat of the Russians, 361;
capture of Sebastopol, 362;
review of the great struggle, 370 _et seq._;
state of the two armies, 387;
ruins of Sebastopol, 387-389;
General Simpson's despatch respecting operations in, 390;
mildness of the weather in November, 1855, 427, 429;
disadvantageous position of the Allies in the, 427;
winter of 1855, 440;
mud of the, 444;
Russian forces in the, 446;
a second Christmas in the, 447;
winter in the, _ib._;
storm in the, 448;
camp followers in the, 449;
destruction of the Sebastopol docks, 451-453;
the British forces in the, 454-456;
armistice takes place, 462;
peace proclaimed, 467;
preparations for evacuation, 468;
review of the great struggle, 468-471;
excursion into the interior, 472;
tour through the, and general aspect of the country, 473;
departure of the Sardinian staff from, 492;
memorials of the brave, 494;
tour in the north of the, _ib._;
its outlets, and the difficulties these presented to the Russians, _ib._;
wells of the, _ib._;
salt waters of the, 495;
German villages of the, 496;
reflections on the campaign, _ib._

Crimean Flora, 477

Croat labourers, their physical strength and endurance, 232

"Crow's Nest," battery so called, 338

Cuddy, Lieut.-Colonel, his bravery and ill-treatment, 466;
his death, _ib._

Dardanelles, arrival of the British troops at the, 12;
coasts of the, _ib._;
climate and scenery of the, 25, 26

Dead, armistice for the burial of the, 228, 246, 287, 295

Death, the valley of, 64, 67

Demur Kapu, 476

Desaint, Colonel, 56

Deserters from the Allied forces, 204;
from the Russians, 204, 234;
their accounts from Sebastopol, 204;
stories of the, 387;
their miserable plight, _ib._

Devno, march to, 50; the Valley of Death, 64, 67

Diarrhoea among the troops at Varna, 46

Dickson, Colonel, 24;
at Balaklava, 139;
at Sebastopol, 146;
at Inkerman, 170

Dinner, a Crimean one, 219

Discipline, relaxation of, 427

Divisions of the British forces, and their commanders, 87;
their landing at Eupatoria, 85, 86;
their order of march, 93

Djemel Pasha, commander of the Dardanelles, 19;
his learning and intelligence, 19, 20

Dnieper, entry of the united squadron into the, 415;
its blockade raised, 419;
difficulties of ascending the, 419, _note_

Dobrudscha, campaign in the, and losses experienced thereby, 56

Docks, of Sebastopol, destroyed, 451-453

Dog-hunting in the Crimea, 235

Dogs and cats from Sebastopol, 439

Doyne, Mr., the head engineer, his vigorous
labours at Sebastopol, 388, 421, 441

Dragoon Guards, their charge on the Russians, 157

Drainage, operations of, 442

Dress of the British soldiers, 18

Drummers of the Crimea, 450

Drunkenness, punishment of, 445

Dundas, Admiral, 41;
his orders, 76

Egerton, Colonel, his bravery at the Alma, 116

Egyptian troops at Varna, 49

Elchingen, Duc d', death of, 56

Electric telegraph laid down, 236;
its tendency to mischievous consequences, 443

Electricity, agencies of, 278

Eman, Colonel, killed, 353

_Emperor_, the guiding star of the fleet, 82

Engineering works, scarcity of men for, 243, 244

England, her commercial interests as regards Turkey, 1

England, Sir Richard, arrives at the Dardanelles, 25;
commands the third division, 87

English. See _Soldiers_, and _Army_

Enniskilleners, their charge on the Russians, 157

Enos, town of, 15

Entrenchments, advance of the, 308

Espinasse, General, 56

Estcourt, General, 129; death of, 299

Etesian wind, 11

Etonnoirs of the French, 255, 494

Euboea, 12

Eupatoria, survey of the coast of, 59;
coast of, 75, 76;
town of, 80;
selected for the landing-place, _ib._;
inhabitants of, 82;
landing of the French at, 82, 83;
resolution to garrison it, 91;
Russian attack on, 190

Evans, General Sir de Lacy, arrives at the Dardanelles, 25;
commands the second division, 87;
lands at Eupatoria, 86;
his bravery at the Alma, 107, 115;
his report of military operations at the Alma, 116;
his despatch from the heights of the Tchernaya, 161-163;
his illness, 165, 175

Expedition, Crimean, its departure, 70;
its extent, 71;
vastness of the armada conveying it, 73;
its voyage from Varna to the Crimea, 73-75;
its uncertainties, 75, 76;
account of its disembarkation, 84-88;
military force of the, 87;
marches into the interior, _ib._;
its order of march, 93;
its halt at the Alma, 96;
at the Katcha, 132;
accession of forces at the, _ib._;
makes a détour round the Belbek, 132 _et seq._;
its march from the Belbek to Balaklava, 136, 137.
See _Crimea_, and _Sebastopol_

Explosions, disastrous ones, 328, 361, 380, 429-433;
causes, 433

Eyre, Brigadier, 25;
appointed to the command of the third division, 311;
his excursion in the interior of the Crimea, 479

Fatigue parties, severe duties of the, 197

Fatima Hanoum, the Kurdish chieftainess, 54

Ferguson, General, 7

Fidonisi, French rendezvous of, 71

Fighting, love of, an anecdote, 434

Filder, Commissary-General, 40;
his office in Varna, 59;
his instructions, 67

Fire, a disastrous one, 380

Flagstaff Battery, contentions for the, 191

Flank march of the Allies, 134

Fleet of the Russians, its submergement, 472, 473

Flowers of the Crimea, 233

Food, prices of, at Varna, 41

Forey, General, his bravery at the Alma, 103

Fort Constantine, in Sebastopol, 138

Forts of the north side of Sebastopol, 472

Fourth division, General Bentinck's testimony to their services, 392

France, her political interests as regards Turkey, 1

French camp, sickness in the, 218;
their superiority in cooking, _ib._

French fleet, conveying the expedition, 73, 74

French Spahis effect a landing at Eupatoria, 83

French forces, their arrival at Malta, 6;
their superior arrangements, 15, 16, 21, 47;
their accommodations at Gallipoli, 17, 18;
their police regulations, 18;
their mode of making purchases, 17;
number of, at Gallipoli, 16, 21;
their cordiality to the English, 18, 48;
their uniforms, _ib._;
their methods of dealing with the Turks, 17;
review of, at Gallipoli, 28;
staff of the, 29;
first land on the Crimea, 82, 83;
their successful bravery at the Alma, 102;
their landing at Kamiesch, 138;
their siege and bombardment of Sebastopol, 140 _et seq._;
their order of battle at Inkerman, 174, 175;
road made by the, 198;
important reinforcements received, 205;
their sufferings, 209;
their conflicts with the Russians, 239;
their contests for the rifle-pits, 253-255;
their gallantry, 259;
their capture of the Mamelon, 284, 285;
their unsuccessful attack on the Malakoff, 290, 291;
great losses sustained thereby, 292-294;
their second attack, and capture of the Malakoff, 343;
engaged at the battle of the Tchernaya, 316, 319;
amount of their ordnance on their last bombardment of Sebastopol, 336;
their works for storming the Malakoff, 364;
their operations after the fall of Sebastopol, 375 _et seq._;
review of the, 422;
their system of mines, 493

Frost-bites in the Crimea, 202, 205, 221

_Fury_, the, her reconnaissance of Sebastopol, 59

Fusileer Guards, their arrival at Malta, 5;
their severe losses, 357

Gallipoli, departure of the English and French troops for, 8, 9;
arrival at, 13;
description of, 13, 14;
wretchedness of, 14;
population of, _ib._;
its bad quarters, 15-17;
difficulties of the commissariat at, 17, 21;
high price of provisions, 22;
police regulations at, 18;
alarming fire at, 24;
confusion arising therefrom, 24, 25;
climate and scenery of, 25, 26;
arrival of generals at 27, 30

Gambier, Lieut. Colonel, commander of the siege train at Sebastopol, 146;
at Inkerman, 170

Generals of the army, deficiency of, 190

German colonists of the Crimea, 496

Genitchi, attack on, 270

Gibb, Captain, 9

_Golden Fleece_, the, 8, 9, 10, 12;
her arrival at Gallipoli, 13

Golden Horn, the, 37

Goldie, Brigadier-General, at Inkerman, 169;
slain, 170

Goodram, Samuel, blown up, 434;
anecdotes of, _ib._

Gordon, Captain, 42;
at Sebastopol, 142

Gortschakoff, Prince, 101;
his operations, 437;
his intended plan of operations, 441

Grant, Captain, of the ambulance corps, 199

Greece, localities of, 10, 11

Greek and Latin Churches, their quarrels in Turkey, 1

Greek hermit, 11

Greeks, their religion, 16;
their apathy, 29

Greys, their charge on the Russians, 157

Guards, their departure from London, 3;
their arrival at Malta, 4, 5;
their difficulty of obtaining provisions, 6;
their arrival at Varna, 47;
leave Varna for the Crimea, 67;
their gallantry at the Alma, 110, 114, 120;
their heroism and severe losses at Inkerman, 171, 175;
Queen Victoria's presents to the, 212;
their magnificent appearance in line, 115, 116

Hall, Dr., his letter to Dr. Smith, 385

Hallewell, Captain, 15, 31

Hamelin, Admiral, 41

Hammersley, Major, his tour in the north of the Crimea, 494

Handcock, Colonel, killed, 346

Harbour discipline at Balaklava, 450

Highland Brigade, their condition, 64;
leave Varna for the Crimea, 67;
their gallantry at the Alma, 110, 120;
steadiness of their movements in action, 115;
their bravery at the Tchernaya, 156;
their kilt, 202

Hill, Captain, shot, 247

_Himalaya_, the, her arrival at Malta, 5;
at the Bosphorus, 23;
her enormous cargo of horses and men, 90

Hoey, Colonel, his bravery at the Alma, 118

Horses, difficulty of getting them on shore, 90;
great havoc among, 206

Hospital quarters at Gallipoli, 17

Hurricane at Balaklava, 180;
its violence, 181-186;
distress caused thereby, 184, 185;
miserable state of Balaklava after the, 187

Hussars, arrival of the, 255

Hut of the author, 440;
its situation, 441

Huts, decorations of the, 439, 448;
robberies of the, 439;
complaints against the, 448

Ida, Mount, 12

Inkerman, the British force taken by surprise at, 168;
sanguinary battle of, 169-172;
a series of sanguinary hand-to-hand fights, 170;
review of the dreadful battle-field, 173;
the frightful slaughter at, 174-176;
ghastly relics of the battle, 257

Isarkaia, ruined chateau of, 478

Jack Tar at his tricks, 238;
his playbill, 329

John Bull at a nonplus, 326-328

Jones, General Sir H., replaces Sir J. Burgoyne, 243, 305

Kadikoi, encampment at, 144;
road made from, 198;
its administrative government, 445

Kamara, village of, 166

Kamiesch, landing of the French at, 138;
amusements at, 440

Kara-Bournou, destruction of the magazines, at, 267

Karaguel, town of, 67

Kariakoff, the Russian commander, 101

Kars, fall of, 447

Katcha, mouth of the, 59;
valley of the, 129-132;
river of the, 130;
Russian vessels sunk in the harbour of the, 132;
march from, 134

Keppel, Captain, commander of the naval brigade, 302

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The British Expedition to the CrimeaChapter LVIII: Appendix: Dispatches and Documents (3)

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