Chapter LIX: Appendix: Dispatches and Documents (4)

Kertch, expedition to, 263;
return of the expedition, 264;
second expedition, 265;
town of, 268, 269;
capture of, 268;
plunder of, 269, 270, 279;
its inhabitants, 272, 273;
hospital at, 274;
dreadful ravages in, 275, 276;
peninsula of, 419, _note_

Kinburn, expedition to, 406;
description of, _ib._;
plan of the attack on, 407-409;
bombarded by the Allied fleet, 410;
surrender of, 411;
fort described, 412;
refortified by the Allies, 419;
Cossacks in the neighbourhood of, _ib._

Koran, not adapted to the civil law of Turkey, 20

Kostendji, village of, laid waste, 57

Kurds, chieftainess of the, 54

Lancaster gun, destroyed by a shot, 252

Laspi, the French doctor, plundered by the Turks, 313

Lawrence, Colonel, 9, 111, 112

Leblanc, Mr., accidentally shot, 241

_Leander_, frigate, 12

Leslie, Lieutenant, wounded, 119

Letters from head-quarters, 31

Levinge, Major, death of, 60

Levinge, Captain, 42

Liège muskets, used by the Russians, 178

Light Cavalry Brigade, its desperate charge at Balaklava, 159;
ordered to embark for Eupatoria, 393

Light division, its heroic gallantry, 109, 111, 112;
its severe losses, 357;
its casualties, 432;
its attack at the Alma, 491

Lights, short supplies of, 440

"Looting" at Kertch, 272

Lucan, Lord, commander of the cavalry division, 33, 87;
at the Tchernaya, 154;
his desperate cavalry attack, 159;
his recall, 220

Lüders, General, 457

Luggage of the English and French armies, 30

Lyons, Admiral, his opinions on the flank march of the expedition, 134;
commands the expedition to the Sea of Azoff, 266;
his operations in Cherson Bay, 413 _et seq._

Machines, for exploding, 278

Mackenzie's Farm, 133

Macnish, Lieutenant W. L., drowned, 34

Malakoff Tower, 207;
French preparations for attacking, 215;
unsuccessful attack on the, 290, 291;
great losses sustained, 292-294;
a second attack on the, left to the French, 303;
the French advances towards, 308;
assaulted and captured by the French, 343;
contest in the rear of the, 350, 351;
its capture causes the loss of Sebastopol, 365;
strength of its works, _ib._;
terrible scenes of the, _ib._;
number of guns captured in the, 383

Malea, Cape, 10, 11

Malta, arrival of the Guards at, 4;
busy scenes in, 5;
cordial reception of the British troops at, 5, 6;
arrival of the French troops at, 6, 8

Mamelon, attack on the, 243;
contest for the, 244;
firing from the, 249;
capture of the, 284;
continued struggles for the, 285;
interior of the, 297

_Manilla_, her arrival at Malta, 5

Mansell, Captain, 24, 54

Markham, General, assumes the command of the second division, 305

Marmora, Sea of, 14, 16, 25, 37

Marmora, General della, the Sardinian commander, 264;
his departure from the Crimea, 492;
honours paid to, _ib._

Martimprey, General, 6

Matapan, Cape, 10

Maule, Colonel, death of, 60

May-day, in the Crimea, 262

Medals, distribution of, at Sebastopol, 372

Medicines, utter want of, in the Crimea, 208

Mediterranean, storm in the, 9

Mehemet Kiprisli Pasha, 34

Memorials of the brave in the Crimea, 494

Menschikoff, Prince, the Russian commander, at the battle of the Alma, 101;
his military force, 123;
his military genius, 436;
satirical songs on, 470

Michael, Grand Duke, at the battle of Inkerman, 168;
his reconnaissance of the Allied armies, 191

Middle Packet Ravine, 246, 296

Military spectacle, a grand one, 260

Military matters, criticisms of civilians on, 447

Mines, explosion of, 255;
of the French and Russians, 493

Minié rifle, its destructive effects, 171, 172

Miskomia, valleys of, 448, 475

Mitylene, 12

Mixed commission for dividing the spoils of Sebastopol, 381-385

Monastir, town of, 64, 67

Monetary arrangements, intricacy of, 22

Money, waste of, 326

Money-changers, Jew and Armenian, 32

_Montezuma_, her arrival at Malta, 6

Monument at the Alma, 491

Morea, coast of the, 10;
arrival of the troops at, 12

Mortar-battery, contest for the, 245

Mounted staff corps, disbanded, 378

Mud, of the Crimea, 444;
of Balaklava, 445

Mule-litters of the French, 199

Muscovite character, type of the, 490

Muscovite infantry, a bad lot of, at Kinburn, 412

Music, military, influence of, 141

Musketry, affair of, between the Russians and the French, 210

Napoleon, Emperor, his Christmas presents to the Crimean army, 198

Napoleon, Prince, arrives at the Dardanelles, 27;
reviews the troops, _ib._;
his arrival in Bulgaria, 48

Naval brigade, their attack on the Redan, 291;
their severe losses, 294;
their admirable practice, 336

"Navvies," their rapid progress, 214;
their industry, 232

Newbury, Mr., death of, 60

Newspaper correspondence in the Crimea, 188;
its difficulties, 189

Newspapers, effect of their statements, 209, 210

Nicholaieff, its situation in the bay, 404;
dockyards of, 418;
its ship-building and arsenal, _ib._

Nicholas, the Czar of Russia, his menacing pretensions, 1;
his ideas respecting the campaign, 65, 66;
death of, 236

Nicholas, Grand Duke, at the battle of Inkerman, 168

Niel, General, the French engineer, 214

Night attacks, difficulty of describing, 261

Nightingale, Miss Florence, her devoted labours at Scutari, 24

Nixon, Lieutenant, his bravery at the Alma, 111

Nolan, Captain, killed at Balaklava, 160

Norcott, Colonel, 105;
his bravery at the Alma, 109, 111, 114

November, anniversary of the month, 429;
favourable change of circumstances in the, _ib._;
its seasonable mildness, _ib._

Oczakoff, fort of, destroyed, 412

Odessa, threatened by the Allied fleets, 398;
the alarm of the inhabitants, 399;
reasons for not attacking, 401, 403;
description of, 398, 402

Old Fort, selected for the landing-place for the expedition, 81

Omar Pasha, his military appearance, 50;
his review of the troops, 51;
at Varna, 33;
his conference with Lord Raglan and Marshal St. Arnaud, 34;
his proposed plans, _ib._;
his arrival at Sebastopol, 197;
his visit to the Crimea, 217;
undertakes to send 20,000 Turks to Sebastopol, 239;
is tired of his inactive position in the Crimea, 306;
his expedition in Asia Minor, 447

Order of Merit, suggestion respecting, 296, 451

Osmanli, their military courage, 49;
their want of discipline, _ib._;
their military appearance, _ib._;
their temperance and spare diet, 145;
their kindness to the sick, 165

Out-posts, good-fellowship of the, 211

Ovens, combat for the, 191

Paget, Lord G., ordered to Eupatoria, 393

Pashas of Turkey, their adherence to ancient usages, 20

Paskiewitch, General, his bombardment of Silistria, 34

Patton, Captain, death of, 139

Paulet, Lord, W., his promotion, 420

Pavlovskaia, fort of, 268;
occupation of, 277

Peace, rumours of, 325;
proclamation of, 467

Pelissier, Marshal, succeeds General Canrobert, 264;
created a marshal, 372;
his review of the British troops, 454-456

Pennefather, Brigadier-General, 25, 169

Pera, district of, 38

Perekop, its defences, 495

Peroffsky, mined chateau of, 475

Phoros, visit to, 475;
obstacles at, 476, 477

Pickets, affair of, 187

Piedmont, political situation of, 310;
character of her army, 311

_Pluton_, the, 8

Polish deserters, 191, 234, 387

Post-house, imperial, in Sebastopol, 130

Potteries district, 252

Powell, Captain, 55, 166

Press, its faithfulness and ability, and its support of the ministry, 2, 3

Promotions of officers, 420

Provisions, prices of, at Gallipoli, 24;
general depôt for, 201;
dearness of, at Balaklava, 213;
want of apparatus for cooking, 478

Purchase system, evils of the, 465-467

Quarantine battery, contentions for the, 191

Quarries, capture of the, 284;
continued contests for the, 285;
batteries of the, 338

Races in the Crimea, 234, 265

Rafts, Russian, capture of, 517

Raglan, Lord, the British Commander-in-Chief, his arrival at Gallipoli, 27;
his conference with Omar Pasha at Varna, 34;
visits the Turkish encampment, _ib._;
his head-quarters at Scutari, 32;
his review of the troops, 94;
his want of communication with General Evans, 98;
his strong political feelings and aristocratic prejudices, 104;
an accomplished gentleman, but no general, 105;
his operations against Sebastopol, 140 _et seq._;
his orders at Balaklava, 158, 159, 161;
his despatch after the battle of the Tchernaya, 163;
his death, 299;
his qualities, 300;
succeeded by General Simpson, 301

Railway road, its formation in the Crimea, 213, _note_, 214;
brought into use, 232

Railway train, accident with the, 249

Railway works, 441

Ranken, Major, death of, 458

Rations, ill supply of, 17;
scarce supply of, 440

Reade, Mr., death of, 139

Reconnaissance, preparations for, 220;
frustrated, 222

Red tape and routine business, 208, 212

Redan, defences of the, 253;
unsuccessful attack on the, 291, 292;
great losses sustained, 292-294;
final attack on the, 346 _et seq._;
plan of assault, 344, 345;
description of the interior, 349 _et seq._;
failure of the English attack, 350;
detailed account of the conflict 351 _et seq._;
causes of the repulse, 356;
tremendous losses sustained thereby, 354, 355, 357-359;
ruin and desolation of the, 367;
number of guns captured in the, 383;
melancholy accident in the, 433

Redschid Pasha, the Turkish commander in the Sea of Azoff, 265

Reid, Sir W., 7

Rifle-pits, position of the, 241;
attacks on, and severe contests for the, 242, 243, 244, 253-255, 259

Riza Pacha, 34

Road-making, 375, 421;
difficulties of, 388

Roads, 198;
round Sebastopol, 441;
one from Balaklava to Kadikoi, 442

Rocket practice, its effects, 258

Ros, Lord de, quartermaster-general, 27;
his interview with Omar Pasha, 33

Rose, Brig-Gen., commissioner for the British army, 88

Round Tower of Sebastopol, defences of the, 253;
desperate contests for the, 285

Russia, causes of the war with, 1;
her spirit of aggression, 1, 2;
her armies on the Danube, 33;
and their siege of Silistria, 48;
death of the Emperor of, 236

Russian forces in the Crimea, 60;
their encampment bombarded by the Allied fleet, 89;
first encounter with the, 94, 95;
their determined bravery at the battle of the Alma, 103, 107-109;
their position, 106, 123;
their defeat, 113, 114, 125;
their retreat towards Simpheropol, 120;
their numbers, 123;
their loss in the battle, 126;
their defences on the north of Sebastopol, 133;
their movements _ib._;
their defence of Sebastopol, 149 _et seq._;
their manoeuvring, 155, 159, 193;
their attack from the Tchernaya, 151, 193;
their cavalry defeated, 155;
their retreat from Balaklava, 160;
their fortified position, 166;
surprise the British at Inkerman, 168;
their desperate attack, 171;
defeated, 172;
formation of the army, 177;
their uniform and weapons, 177, 178;
their general appearance, 177, 178;
their devotion to their officers, _ib._;
their barbarity to our men, _ib._;
their furious conflicts, 214, 216, 227, 239, 242 _et seq._;
receive reinforcements from Sebastopol, 243;
their great losses, 246;
their contests for the rifle-pits, 253, 254;
their movements towards the Tchernaya, 263;
their furious attack, and defeat, 263-265;
destruction of their ports, corn, and shipping, in the Sea of Azoff, 270;
continue to receive supplies of men and food, 306;
defeated at the battle of Tchernaya, 318;
the divisions engaged in the battle at Tchernaya, _ib._;
concentration of the, 330;
their distressed condition, 339;
lose the Malakoff, and retreat to the north side of Sebastopol, 343;
their retreat after the capture of the Malakoff, 360, 361;
ability of their engineers, 362;
their operations after the fall of Sebastopol, 372, 373;
their defences and activity on the north side of Sebastopol, 376;
their firing, 380;
their miserable state after the capture of Sebastopol, 387;
their continued firing, 388;
capture of their immense rafts in the Dnieper, 417;
apprehensions of their renewed attacks, 435;
their threatening movements, 443, 446;
their attempt to surprise, 446;
their continued firing, 451;
their military music, 471;
their fleet submerged, 472, 473;
their mutual intercourse with the Allies, 465;
their mines, 493;
their immense losses in the Crimea, 496, 497

Russian New Year, opening of the, 200

Russian officer discovered at Eupatoria, 84

Russian song on the war, 470

Rustum, Pasha of Adrianople, 15

Sailor, his comparative comforts, 72

Sailors, British, their good-natured assistance to the troops, 86, 87

Sailors' batteries, their activity, 247, 249

Sailors' brigade, their severe losses, 253

St. Arnaud, Marshal, his arrival at Gallipoli, 30;
dines with the Sultan, 33;
his conference with Omar Pasha, at Varna, 34;
his vigour and coolness, 61;
his declaration to the army, on embarking for the Crimea, 66;
seized with illness, 74;
reviews the troops, 94;
explains his plan of battle, 97;
death, 139

St. Laurent, M., death of, 248

Salt lakes of the Crimea, 266, 495

Saltmarshe, Lieutenant, death of, 65

Sanatorium at Balaklava, 240

Sappers and Miners at Varna, 43

Sardinians, their arrival at the Crimea, 264;
their soldierlike equipments, _ib._;
their character as soldiers, 311, 492;
their skill and bravery at the battle of the Tchernaya, 316-318;
their departure from the Crimea, 492;
general orders respecting, _ib._

Saros, Gulf of, 16

Scarlett, Brigadier-General, 52;
at Balaklava, 157

Schapan, on the coast of the Crimea, 79

Scutari, arrival of troops at, 23;
the Alied forces at, 31, 32;
departure from, 36

Sea, life at, 72

Sea-passage, the, 9 _et seq._

SEBASTOPOL, orders for besieging, 56;
report respecting, 59;
reconnoitring of, 76;
forces of, 89;
its northern defences, 133;
south of, occupied by the Allies, 138;
investment of, and commencement of the siege, 140;
operations against, 141;
first sortie, 143;
the line of operations, 143, 144;
difficulties of the ground, 146;
the Russian defence, _ib._;
the first bombardment, _ib._;
effects of the fire upon, 146, 147;
the Russian manoeuvres, 151;
its continued defence, 186;
its great strength, 211;
the tales of the siege, 193 _et seq._;
during the winter, 195 _et seq._;
reconnaissance of, 206;
Russian defences of, 206, 207;
furious contests before, 214;
a good view of, 224;
its general appearance, 225;
cannonading of, 227;
ships sunk in the harbour of, 228;
active operations against, 229, 231;
Russian reinforcements, 243;
furious struggles for, 244;
a number of officers killed and wounded, 244, 245;
its general defences, 248, 249;
desultory contests, 249;
continued bombardment of, 250 _et seq._;
the various batteries brought against, 252;
its ruinous condition, 253;
renewed operations against, 282;
preparations for the general attack, _ib._;
capture of the Mamelon and Quarries, 284;
and further struggles, 285 _et seq._;
positions of the contending parties, 303 _et seq._;
principal events of the siege, 304-306;
the writer's opinions as to its capture, 308;
letter of a Russian lady respecting, 309;
ominous preparations for the final assault, 312, 313;
crisis of the siege, 330;
commencement of the sixth and last bombardment, 334;
aspect of the city from Cathcart's Hill, _ib._;
tremendous bombardment of, 335, 339;
frightful state of the town, 339, 348;
in flames, 341;
the Russians retreat to the north side on
the capture of the Malakoff, 343, 360, 361;
visit to the city after its capture, 362;
plunder taken from, 363;
hospital of, 364;
general review of the great struggle, 370;
the Russian defences on the north side of, 376;
the mixed commission appointed for adjudicating the spoils of, 381-385;
materials and build of the forts of, 388;
ruins of, 387-389;
Russian account of its capture, 389;
state of affairs in, 420;
want of proper system and organization, 421;
proceedings of the mixed commission on the division of the spoils, 381-385;
how the city might have been taken, 436;
spoils of, contribute to the comfort of the army, 438;
sales of the different articles, _ib._;
destruction of the docks, 451-453;
the city a mass of ruins, 454;
reflections on the siege, 468 _et seq._;
northern forts of, 472

Seymour, Lieut.-Colonel, slain, 170

Shipping of the Russians, sunk in the harbour of Sebastopol, 228;
on fire, 340;
sunk and destroyed, 341

Ships of war engaged in the Crimean expedition, 67

Shumla, Turkish forces at, 34

Sick, comforts for the, 378

Sickness of the British troops, 196, 209, 217;
in the French camp, 198, 209, 218

Siege works, formidable progress of the, 236, 308, 322

Sievernaya, the, 133, 309;
defence of the, 133

Silistria, bombardment by the Russians, 34;
siege of, raised, 48

Simeis, Tartar village of, 481

_Simoom_, her arrival at Malta, 5

Simpheropol, typhus-haunted streets of, 473

Simpson, General, succeeds Lord Raglan as Commander-in-Chief, 300;
not suited for the position of Commander-in-Chief, _ib._;
his order of the day announcing his appointment to the command, 301;
his personal staff, _ib._;
receives the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour, 372;
his despatch respecting the operations on the 8th of September, 390;
his failure as a commander, 424;
suspended, _ib._;
his farewell address, _ib._

Sinope, slaughter of, avenged, 370

Sivash, waters of the, 495

Snow-storm, effects of one, 221-223

Social vultures, 445

Soldier, his hardships, 72

Soldiers, British, their devoted heroism, 2;
their departure for Gallipoli, 9;
their voyage, 9 _et seq._;
their arrival at the Dardanelles, 12;
quartered at Gallipoli, 15;
deficiency of accommodation for the, 16;
their difficulties at Gallipoli, 17;
their arrival in the Bosphorus, 23;
their uniforms, 18;
their complaints 46;
their disposition, 33;
their games and amusements, 35;
their sufferings at Varna, 62;
their landing at Eupatoria, 84;
want of accommodation for, 89;
sickness among, 91;
their operations and bravery at the battle of the Alma, 107 _et seq._;
enter Balaklava, 137;
their siege and bombardment of Sebastopol, 140 _et seq._;
surprised at Inkerman, 168;
their want of clothing, 179;
their distressing position, 180 _et seq._;
their heroism, 199;
continual drain of, 209, 210;
effect of the author's statements, _ib._;
their armament, 305;
their severe losses, 354, 355, 357-359;
not equal to the French as labourers, 389;
their increased comforts, 437, 441;
grand review of the, 454;
their splendid appearance, 455, 456

Soyer, M., at the Crimea, 328;
his system of cookery, _ib._

Spahis, their capture of cattle, 91, 92

Spencer, Hon. General A., commander of the expedition to Eupatoria, 394

Spirit vendors, their abominable articles, 445;
expelled the Crimea, _ib._

Sports of the camp, 234

Spring, sports of the, 234;
its genial influence, 239

Spy, Russian, in the trenches, 210;
his information trustworthy, 216

Squadrons, English and French, their formidable array before Odessa, 399, 400;
their plan of operations in the expedition to the Bay of Cherson, 406-409;
their attack on Kinburn, 407 _et seq._;
compel its surrender, 411;
their departure from the Bay of Cherson, 417, 419

Strangways, General Fox, slain at Inkerman, 171

Staff of General Simpson, 301

Stanislaff, threatened attack on, 417

Star fort, in Sebastopol, 138, 309

Steamers, Russian, sunk at Sebastopol, 370

Stewart, Admiral Houston, 7;
his operations in Cherson Bay, 413, 414

Storms, in the Mediterranean, 9;
in the Dardanelles, 26;
their fatal effects, 33, 34, 180-186;
in the Crimea, 449

Sullivan, Colonel, 15

Supplies received by the Russians, 306

Surgeons of the Crimean army, official neglect of, 385

Suttlers, their rapacity, 445

Surgery of the English, its skill, 439

Taganrog, attack on, 270

Taioutine regiment, 133

Takli Bournou, Cape of, 266

Taman, coast of, 266

Tarkan Cape, promontory of, 73, 77

Tartar race of the Crimea, 88, 475;
their friendliness, 92;
their ruined villages, 478, 479

Tartars of Kertch, 272

Tchernaya, the river, 133;
occupied by the Russian infantry, 152;
the adjoining country, 153;
the Russians advance from the, 154, 155;
despatch of General Evans after the battle, 161-163;
attack on the, 315;
position of the, _ib._;
battle of the, 316 _et seq._;
the Russians defeated at, 318;
a review of the battle-field, struggle
between the French and the Russians, 319;
fire of the English battery, 320;
last effort of the Russians, _ib._;
their retreat, _ib._;
memorials of the fight, 322;
excursion to the, after the armistice, 483

Tchongar, its defences, 495

Telegraph, information by, 421;
at Alma, 486

Tenedos, Mount, 12

Thaw, effects of a, 199, 200

Theatre, play-bill of the, 329;
acting in the, 329, 330

Therapia, number of wounded officers at, 311

Thomas, General, at the Alma, 102

Thompson, Dr., 129;
death of, 139

Tice, Dr., 42

_Times_, commissioner, various articles sent by the, 196;
his valuable supplies to the troops, _ib._

Timoyoieff, General, his negotiations respecting the armistice, 459;
characteristics of, 461

Tornado, its violence, 368

Torrens, Brig.-General, at Inkerman, 169

Traktir, hamlet of, 137

Traktir bridge, novel scene at the, 458 _et seq._;
armistice signed at the, 462

Transport, want of, at Varna, 46

Transports to the Crimea, 70

Trenches, terrible state of the, 197;
conversations in the, 261;
service in the, 331

Troad, the, 12

Trochu, Colonel, 56

Truce, flags of, 389;
See _Armistice_

Tryon, Lieut., death of, 190

Turco-Egyptian troops at Varna, 49

Turkey, her independence menaced, 1;
protection of her Christian subjects, 2;
her need of reform, 20

Turkish commission, its difficulties, 19

Turkish forces, strength of the, 34

TURKS, their opinion of the English and the French, 18;
their apathy, 29, 35;
at Sebastopol, 145;
their redoubts, 153;
their flight from the Russian attack, 154;
employed in the trenches, 165;
their inefficiency, 165, 166;
their dreadful state in Balaklava, 192;
their removal from Balaklava, 235;
15,000 infantry join the besiegers before Sebastopol, 254;
their dress and appearance, _ib._;
reconnaissance by the, 256;
their position in Asia Minor, 306;
their plundering disposition, 313, 314

Turner, Commissary-General, 15

Tylden, Brigadier-General, of the Engineers, death of, 128

Unett, Colonel, killed, 346

Uniforms of the French and English, 18

Upton, Mr., capture of, 138

Valetta, arrival of the British troops at, 5;
of the French troops, 6, 8

_Valetta_, the transport, 8

Varna, conferences at, between Omar Pasha and the Allied generals, 34;
departure of the troops at, 36;
arrival at, _ib._;
town of, described, 40, 41;
march from, 41;
improvements at, 43;
surrounding country of, _ib._;
animals of, _ib._;
natives of, _ib._;
inconveniences at, 45;
further arrival of troops at, 48, 49;
council of war at, 55;
cholera at, 57;
great fire at, 61;
council of war at, 63;
determine on invading the Crimea, _ib._;
the army embarks from, 70

Varnutka, valley of, 475

Vatika Bay, landing at, 11

Vegetables and fruits, mismanagement in their supply, 217

Veliki, Lake of, 495

Vicars, Captain, killed, 245

Victor, Colonel, 9

Victoria, Queen, celebration of her birthday in Turkey, 35

Vivandière, the, 21

Wallachia occupied by Omar Pasha, 54

Walpole, Mr., leader of the Indian Osmanli, 55

Walsham, Lieutenant, 119

War, its false economy, 36, 45;
dreadful picture of the horrors of, 97 _et seq._;
havoc of, 360 _et seq._

Warren, Colonel, his bravery at the Alma, 118

Weare, Captain, 119

Weather, improvements in the, 214;
state of the, 217;
returning mildness of the, 235;
effects of the, 251

Wellington, Duke of, his circular to commanding officers in 1812, 390-392

Wells of the Crimea, 484, 494

Welsh Fusileers, monument to their officers slain at the Alma, 491

Wetherall, Colonel, 185

"Whistling Dick," 165

White buildings of Sebastopol, destruction of the, 457

Whitmore, Captain, 15

Wild-fowl shooting in the Crimea, 203, 234

Wild-fowl of the Crimea, 233

Windham, Colonel, bravery of, 346, 349, 350;
goes for assistance, 349;
his promotion, 420

Winter of 1855, four months of, 440;
its severity, 445

Winter encampments round Sebastopol, 193 _et seq._;
requisitions, &c., evil system of, 194, 208

Winter quarters, preparations for, 166, 438

Wolff, Admiral, 270

Woronzoff, Colonel, palace of, 483

Woronzoff Road, 144, 310, 340, 342, 343

Wrangel, General Von, his hospitality, 495

Yalta, visit to, 476

Yea, Colonel, 118

Yellon, Deputy-Assistant-Commissary, killed, 432

Yenikale, capture of, 267;
town of, 270;
destruction and plunder at, 267-269

Yursakova, town of, 67

Yusuf, General, 51, 57

Zouaves, their dress and appearance, 22;
their martial bearing and equipments, 27, 28;
their pillaging propensities, 91, 195, 223;
their bravery at the Alma, 102;
at the Tchernaya, 155;
at Inkerman, 171;
our gay and gallant friends, 195;
their activity and bravery, 242;
review of the, 260;
their capture of the Mamelon, 284

FOOTNOTES:

[1] The letter which appeared in the _Times_ giving an account of the Battle of the Alma was written at a plank which Captain Montagu's sappers put on two barrels to form a table.

[2] The districts which were the scenes of such brutal excesses in the suppression of a conspiracy are not in Bulgaria.

[3] The 3rd Battalion Grenadier Guards, and 1st Battalion Coldstream Guards. The 1st Battalion Scots Fusilier Guards embarked on February 28th.

[4] This was a timely warning--almost a prophetic warning--sounded long ere a British soldier set foot in the East.

[5] It is a fact that at one time the Turks were busily engaged strengthening the batteries at the entrance of the Dardanelles, in order to prevent the entrance of the Allied fleets without their consent.

[6] It did happen that a Russian man-of-war very nearly captured one of our screw transports off the mouth of the Bosphorus as she was running up to Varna with the commissariat chest full of gold on board.

[7] The French aver that it was our tardiness.

[8] Now Lord Strathnairn.

[9] It seems to have been a sort of passion with the French to be "the first" to do everything--or was it a passion with our generals to be second? Our allies were the first at Gallipoli, first at Varna, first in the Crimea--all our attacks depended on them. They attacked first at the Alma, and when they turned the Russian right our attack was to take place. They also attacked first in the two great assaults, and our assaults were made to depend on the success of their demonstrations.

[10] No. 1 company of the 22nd Royal Welsh Fusileers now claim the honour, and Colonel Lysons, who was in the boat along with Lieutenant Drew, asserts that he was the first man to spring on shore.

[11] Lord Raglan and staff, and several officers of rank, remained on board ship that night. His lordship did not take up his quarters on shore till the next day.

[12] They were thrown out of the commissariat araba, in which they had been placed by order of the Commissariat-General, and were abandoned to the Cossacks, so I never saw them again. It was found necessary to make room for some of the reserve ammunition which had been stowed in arabas that broke down on the march.

[13] He must mean a few sotnias of Cossacks. The cavalry were on the right flank.

[14] As an instance of the difficulty of obtaining accurate information respecting the incidents of a general action, I may state that Captain Henry, an officer promoted from the ranks for his distinguished bravery, and who has received the Order of Victoria, told me that the guns were taken over a bridge, and not over a ford--that he was with the first gun, that no wheeler was killed, and that he fired _only_ on Russian _infantry_, and never directed a _round_ against the Russian _guns_. In most of these statements it is probable the gallant officer was mistaken, although actually present.

[15] Since this was written, it appears that the Crimea is to be blessed with a Russian railroad to Theodosia; but it is doubtful whether it will be used for other and better objects than that for which the rail was first laid down on its soil.

[16] This was written on the 22nd of February, 1855. On the 9th of September the enemy retired to the north side, where they remained when we left the Crimea.

[17] Mr. Gould, the ornithologist, informs me that the Crimea is not, to his knowledge, among the habitats of the "summer duck."

[18] This suggestion was acted on, and sanitary commissioners were sent out later in the year.

[19] Mr. Beatty, the able, kind, and deserving gentleman who was in charge of the line, received injuries which laid the foundation of a disease that afterwards proved fatal.

[20] Sir Stephen Lushington, in his Report, seems to have been under the impression that the ladders were properly placed. He laboured under a grave delusion.

[21] The creation of an Order of Merit and Valour, which I took every occasion of recommending, and for which I suggested the name "Victoria" in one of my letters, as the most expressive and appropriate, has since been carried out.

[22] It was, as I have since heard, caused by a barrel of tar at the top of the shears, which was placed there in order to light up the dockyards, where the Russians were embarking their wounded and stores for the north side.

[23] On the 18th June, Lord Raglan and Staff were stationed in the parallel of the Right Attack, close behind the Quarries, where they were exposed to heavy fire, but were close to the scene of the assault. The position in which General Simpson was placed by the Engineers was far from the Redan, and was separated from the trenches by the Woronzoff Ravine.

[24] A private named O'Brien led them, or at least was the first to leap out of the trench, and was shot through the back as he was crossing the ditch by a Russian above him.

[25] Very unfavourable comments have been made upon Major-General (then Colonel and acting Brigadier) Windham's conduct in leaving the Redan at such a moment, and some French officers did not hesitate to speak of his "desertion" of his men, as they called it, in the severest terms. I have therefore thought it advisable to give the lengthened statement, which was furnished to me on the best authority the very day after the assault, of the motives which led General Windham to quit the Redan, and of the circumstances which preceded and followed that proceeding. I offer no opinion on the merits of the controversy. I merely state what were presented to me--I believe correctly--as facts by one who ought to have been conversant with them.--W. H. RUSSELL.

[26] Sir W. Codrington, who acted with great gallantry at the Alma, and who proved himself a most careful and excellent Brigadier and a zealous General of Division, denied at the time, in a letter which came under my notice, that he was at all discomposed by the untoward events of the 8th of September. But a man, under such circumstances, is not the best judge of his own acts; and though I have the highest admiration for General Codrington's bravery, honesty, simplicity of mind, and character, and soldierly qualities, I think it right to retain the statement which I made on the faith of officers who had opportunities of observing him on that day, when he was indeed charged with enormous responsibility, and subjected to the severest test by which a general can be tried.

[27] Joined the squadron at Odessa.

[28] "Je suis radicalement opposé."

[29] "Do not attack Odessa unless you are certain of succeeding."

[30] The ascent of the Bug or the Dnieper is only to be attempted by vessels with shot-proof screens and proof decks, inasmuch as every man could be picked off the decks by Minié riflemen, unless the banks of the river were cleared by troops in numbers sufficient to beat back the enemy as they advanced. In spite of our operations in the Sea of Azoff, let it be remembered that we did not reduce Arabat or Genitchi, and that the Russians had free use of the Spit. The water of the sea is frozen in winter to the distance of several miles, so that no boat can approach to prevent the passage of troops or convoys. Had Arabat fallen, and an expedition landed at Kaffa or Theodosia, we should have been masters of the Peninsula of Kertch.

The want of wisdom and foresight of most of our military operations in burning, laying waste, and blowing up, was never better exemplified than at Kertch. There was a very fine barrack near the quarantine station, on the Bay of Kertch, recently built, provided with every comfort, and well supplied with water from a deep well, and with capacious tanks. In the ordinary exercise of reason these buildings should have been preserved, inasmuch as it had been determined to keep a British force at Kertch; but, before Sir George Brown left, they were burnt and reduced to a heap of blackened ruins. During the following winter, with infinite labour and trouble, and at prodigious expense, we were obliged to _send the materials for huts_ to Kertch, and drag them up close to the site of the barracks, where they formed a very poor protection against the weather in comparison with the substantial buildings which we destroyed. As the tanks were ruined and the well spoiled, the men were compelled to drag water a distance of three miles to their new residence.

[31] I do not allude to the advice given by Sir de Lacy Evans, who was so strongly impressed with the falseness and insecurity of our position in a military sense, that he recommended Lord Raglan to retire from it, as much as to the opinions of those generals who maintained that we had no business in the Crimea at all.

[32] Notwithstanding a reckless assertion in Major Calthorpe's letters, I have the best authority for reiterating the statement that Lord Lyons looked with disfavour on the flank march.

[33] The Russians, it will be said, were on the north side, and yet they could not drive us out of the south side. But the Russians had no fleet. Even as it was, we never were in strong military force on the south side, and our boats never ventured on the waters of the harbour.

[34] Every officer of the Crimean army will readily concur with me in saying that a kindlier, more zealous, or more able public servant than Mr. Beatty never existed. We all deeply regretted his death.

[35] Major-General Barnard.

[36] A very accurate and interesting memorial has been written by Captain Brine, R.E., illustrated with admirable sketches by Major the Hon. E. Colborne, and published by Ackerman, Regent Street.

* * * * *

Typographical errors corrected by the etext transcriber:

Je suis radicalement oppose=> Je suis radicalement opposé {pg 401}

Light Divison=> Light Division {pg 49}

appeared to be be kept=> appeared to be kept {pg 49}

opportuity=> opportunity {pg 111}

crosssd=> crossed {pg 124}

Divison=> Division {pg 134}

Lancastar=> Lancaster {pg 146}

havresacks=> haversacks {pg 148}

of of => of {pg 163}

Quarantime Fort=> Quarantine Fort {pg 164}

earthworth of quadrilateral form=> earthwork of quadrilateral form {pg 166}

halycon=> halcyon {pg 184}

prepared againts=> prepared against {pg 188}

enciente=> enceinte {pg 191}

suggested by by=> suggested by {pg 192}

could not not describe=> could not describe {pg 192}

dysentry=> dysentery {pg 198}

beame=> became {pg 201}

maison bruleé=> maison brulée {pg 206}

parrallels=> parallels {pg 206}

the managment=> the management {pg 215}

The Navvy's Barrow=> The Navy's Barrow {pg 211}

Scarely=> Scarcely {pg 222}

seriously disabled=> seriously disable {pg 237}

twiced blessed=> twice blessed {pg 240}

Chasseurs Indigenes=> Chasseurs Indigènes {pg 260}

bear the whole brunt=> bears the whole brunt {pg 261}

between=> beween {pg 264}

these was sometimes=> there was sometimes {pg 273}

The Austrian Consul was found to have a large store of corn, which he concealed in magazines painted and decorated to pass as part of his dwelling-house. It was all destroyed. Amid the necessary destruction, private plunderers found facility for their work. Along the quay there was a long line of walls, which once were the fronts of store-houses, magazines, mansions, and palaces. They soon became empty shells, hollow and roofless, with fire burning luridly within them by night, and streaks and clouds of parti-coloured smoke arising from them by day. The white walls were barred with black bands where the fire had rushed out of the window-frames. These store-houses belonged to Russians, and were full of corn--these magazines were the enemy's--these mansions belonged to their nobles and governors--and these palaces were the residences of their princes and rulers; and so far we carried on war with all the privileges of war, and used all the consequences of conquest. In the whole lengthened front facing the sea, and the wide quay which borders it, there was not an edifice untouched but one. This was a fine mansion, with a grand semicircular front, ornamented with rich entablatures and a few Grecian pillars. The windows permitted one to see massive mirrors and the framework of pictures and the glitter of brasswork. Inside the open door an old man in an arm-chair received everybody. How deferential he was! how he bowed! how graceful, deprecatory, and soothing the modulation of his trunk and arms! But these were nothing to his smile. His face seemed a kind of laughing-clock, wound up to act for so many hours. When the machinery was feeble, towards evening, the laugh degenerated into a grin, but he managed with nods, and cheeks wreathed in smiles, and a little bad German and French, to inform all comers that this house was specially under English and French protection, to save it from plunder and pillage. The house belonged, _on dit_, to Prince Woronzoff, and the guardian angel was an aged servitor of the Prince. Being paralytic, he was left behind; and did good service in his arm-chair.

The silence and desolation of places which a few days before were full of people, were exceedingly painful and distressing. They were found in every street, almost in every house, except when the noise of gentlemen playing on pianos with their boot-heels or breaking up furniture was heard within the houses or the flames crackled within the walls. In some instances the people had hoisted the French or Sardinian flag to protect their houses. That poor device was soon detected and frustrated. It was astonishing to find that the humblest dwellings had not escaped. They must have been invaded for the mere purpose of outrage and from the love of mischief, for the most miserable of men could have but little hope of discovering within them booty worthy of his notice.=> Repeat of Page 276 removed {pg 279-280}

Kertch and Yenikalè=> Kertch and Yenikale {pg 281 x 2}

Bastion du Mat=> Bastion du Mât {pg 305, 508}

confiedently affirmed=> confidently affirmed {pg 329}

Divisoin=> Division {pg 346}

her novel birth=> her novel berth {pg 369}

RESOURCES THE OF RUSSIANS=> RESOURCES OF THE RUSSIANS {pg 373}

on the 13th it marked 20° Fahrenheit=> on the 15th it marked 20° Fahrenheit {pg 448}

teh bugle=> the bugle {pg 450}

Tchnernaya=> Tchernaya {pg 457}

why the deuce doesn't go it off=> why the deuce doesn't it go off {pg 457}

them came a big puff=> then came a big puff {pg 458}

widely-spead rumour=> widely-spread rumour {pg 467}

neigbourhood=> neighbourhood {pg 475}

gaud jays=> gaudy jays {pg 475}

Petersburgh=> Petersburg {pg 488}

house of fine fine=> house of fine {pg 489}

have surrenderad=> have surrendered {pg 494}

CATCHCART'S HILL=> CATHCART'S HILL {pg 499}

I must point out out=> I must point out {pg 525}

consesequence=> consequence {pg 537}

with the ocnsent=> with the consent {pg 544}