Chapter XXVIII: Part II: Reptilia (16)

[40] _Amer. Natural._ xxix. 1895, p. 998.

[41] _J. Morphol._ xi. 1895, p. 375.

[42] _P. Z. S._ 1895, p. 401.

[43] P. and F. Sarasin, "Zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der ceylonesischen
Blindwühle, _Ichthyophis glutinosa_." _Ergebnisse naturwiss._
_Forschungen auf Ceylon_, 1887-1890, vol. ii.

[44] "Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Entwicklungsgeschichte und der Anatomie
der Gymnophionen," _Zool. Jahrb. Anat._ x. 1897, p. 389, and xii.
1899, p. 477.

[45] The existence of such a form as _Typhlotriton_, in the adult of which
the eyes become closed up, makes such short diagnoses of the families
defective, although there is no doubt about the Desmognathine
affinities of this genus. See p. 103.

[46] _J. Coll. Japan._ i. 1887, p. 269.

[47] _J. Morphol._ xi. 1895, p. 375.

[48] _Amer. Natural._ xxxiii. March 1899, p. 231.

[49] _Amer. Natural._ March, 1899, p. 235.

[50] _Zool. Garten_, 1896, p. 88.

[51] _P. Calif. Ac._ (2) v. 1895, p. 776.

[52] _Amer. Natural._ xxxiii. 1899, p. 691.

[53] _Amer. Natural._ xxxi. 1897, p. 635.

[54] _Zeitschr. wiss. Zool._ xxvii. 1877, p. 522; xli. 1891, p. 365;
_Zool. Anz._ 1882, p. 513.

[55] _Zoolog. Garten._ 1896, p. 114.

[56] _Zeitschr. wiss. Zool._ xxv. 1875, p. 297. See also Hahn, _Rev.
Quest. Sci._ (2), i. 1892, p. 178.

[57] _Amer. Journ. Sci._ (2), xlvi. Nov. 1868, p. 364.

[58] _Zeitschr. Biol._ xxxiv. 1896, pp. 340-396.

[59] _Zeitschr. wiss. Zool._ xxix. 1877, pp. 324 f., pl. xxii.

[60] _Ann. Mus. Genova_, xvi. 1880, p. 83.

[61] _Journ. Morphol._ viii. 1893, p. 269.

[62] _Amer. Natural._ 1891, p. 1084.

[63] _P.Z.S._ 1895, p. 150.

[64] See also M. von Chauvin, _Zeitschr. wiss. Zool._ xxxviii. 1883, p.
671.

[65] E. T. Emerson, _Proc. Boston Soc._ xxxii. 1905, p. 43.

[66] _Nature_, lx. 1899, p. 389.

[67] _Amer. Natural._ xix. 1885, p. 1226.

[68] _Proc. Ac. Philad._ 1864, p. 181.

[69] _The Natural History Review_, No. xvii. 1865, p. 97.

[70] _Journ. Ac. Nat. Hist. Philad._ vi. p. 189.

[71] Beddard, _P.Z.S._ 1895, p. 841.

[72] _Phil. Trans._ B. 136, 1896, p. 1.

[73] _P.Z.S._ 1890, p. 69.

[74] _P.Z.S._ 1894, p. 101.

[75] Groenberg und Klinckowstroem, "Zur Anatomie der _Pipa americana_,"
_Zool. Jahrb. Anat._ vii. 1894, p. 609.

[76] _P.Z.S._ 1896, p. 595.

[77] _Zool. Garten_, 1885, p. 299.

[78] _P.Z.S._ 1899, p. 790.

[79] _Faune Vertebr. Suisse_, iii. 1872, p. 587.

[80] _Zool. Garten_, 1885, p. 299.

[81] For further information, cf. Portschinsky, "Biologie des mouches
coprophages et nécrophages, 2me partie. Étude sur la _Lucilia
bufonivora_, parasite des batraciens anoures."–_Horae Soc. ent.
Ross._ xxxii. pp. 225-279 (in Russian). German summary in _Zool.
Centralbl._ v. 1898, pp. 855-859.

[82] _Arch. Naturg._ xliv. 1868, p. 141.

[83] _Quart. J. Micr. Sci._ xlii. 1899, p. 3.

[84] _Arbeiten Instit. Würzburg_, x. 1895, p. 57.

[85] _Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist._ xxi. 1883, p. 104.

[86] _P.Z.S._ 1895, p. 89 (with a sketch of a pond, with nests, in Dr.
Goeldi's garden).

[87] _P.Z.S._ 1895, p. 209.

[88] _Arch. Anat. und Phys._ 1854, p. 449. Also Boulenger, _P.Z.S._ 1898,
p. 107.

[89] _Quart. J. Micr. Sci._ xlii. 1899, p. 313.

[90] _Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist._ (5) xvii. 1886, p. 461.

[91] =_Phyllobates_ (part) Bibron; cf. Boulenger, _P.Z.S._ 1888, p. 207.

[92] See Günther, _Nature_, lii. 1895, p. 643.

[93] _Quart. Micr. Sci._ xlii. 1899, p. 329.

[94] _Arch. Naturg._ xxxiii. 1867, p. 124.

[95] _Quart. J. Micr. Sci._ xlii. 1899, p. 309.

[96] _Report on the Work of the Horn Scientific Expedition to Central
Australia_, pt. ii. "Zoology," 1896, p. 164.

[97] _Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W._ (2), iv. 1898, p. 357.

[98] _Zool. Anz._ xvii. 1894, p. 156.

[99] _An. Soc. Espan._ i. 1822. See also Howes, _P.Z.S._ 1888, p. 231.

[100] _Quart. J. Micr. Sci._ xlii. 1899, p. 307.

[101] S. S. Flower, _P.Z.S._ 1896, p. 910.

[102] _Ibid._ p. 909.

[103] Boulenger, _Ann. Nat. Hist._ (6), iv. 1889, p. 247.

[104] See Boulenger, _P.Z.S._ 1888, p. 204.

[105] Boulenger has shown (_P.Z.S._ 1888) that Bibron's species of
_Phyllobates_, hitherto grouped amongst the Cystignathidae, are
Ranoids, closely allied to _Hylixalus_ and _Prostherapis_. The other
species now form the Cystignathoid genus _Syrrhopus_, Cope (cf.
p. 212).

[106] _P.Z.S._ 1895, p. 209.

[107] Cf. p. 273.

[108] _Zool. Jahrb. Syst._ xii. 1898, p. 89.

[109] _Monatsber. Berl. Ac._ 1875, p. 204; 1876, p. 714.

[110] _Malay Archipelago_, 2nd ed. i. 1869, p. 38.

[111] _Annotat. Zool. Jap._ i. 1897, p. 113.

[112] _P.Z.S._ 1896, p. 906.

[113] Boulenger, _Cat. Batrach. Salientia_, p. 22.

[114] _Zool. Gart._ 1885, p. 299.

[115] _Trans. Zool. Soc._ xii. 1884, p. 51.

[116] _P.Z.S._ 1884, p. 573.

[117] _British Reptiles_, 2nd ed. 1849, p. 110.

[118] Boulenger, "Tailless Batrach. of Europe," pt. ii. p. 287, _Ray
Society_, 1897.

[119] Boulenger, _op. cit._ p. 278.

[120] _Phil. Trans._ clxxxvii. 1896, B. p. 23.

[121] _Anat. Anz._ xix. 1897, p. 201.

[122] _Phil. Trans._ clxxxvii. 1896, B. p. 23.

[123] _Trans. Zool. Soc._ xv.

[124] _Trans. N. Zealand Inst._ x. 1878, p. 222.

[125] _Trans. N. Zealand Inst._ xiv. 1881, p. 276; cf. also Reischek, _op.
cit._ xiv. p. 274.

[126] Cope, the inventor of this most appropriate name, soon changed it,
unnecessarily, into Theromora (μωρός = sluggish), perhaps in order
not to emphasise too much their possible Mammalian affinities; while
others rashly called them Sauro-Mammalia. For detailed illustrations
of Theromorpha reference should be made to Owen, _British Fossil
Reptiles_, 4to, London, 1849-55, and to numerous papers by Seeley,
_Phil. Trans._ 178 (1887), 186 (1895), and by E. T. Newton in _Phil.
Trans._ 184 (1893), 185 (1894).

[127] _Cat. Chelonians_, _Brit. Mus._ 1889.

[128] It should be noted that the horny pieces of the carapace are termed
"shields" and the bony pieces "plates."

[129] πλευρόν, side; δειρή, neck.

[130] _Journ. Morph._ xv. 1897, p. 21.

[131] _Amer. Natural._ xxxii. 1898, p. 929.

[132] _Contributions to the Nat. Hist. of the U.S.A._, Boston, 1857.

[133] _Zool. Garten._ 189, p. 260.

[134] _Natural History of Selborne._

[135] _J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal_, vi. 1837, p. 689.

[136] Presidential Address. _Proc. Linn. Soc._ 1898. See also Günther,
_Gigantic Land-Tortoises_, Brit. Mus. London, 1877; Gadow, _Trans.
Zool. Soc._ xiii. 1894, p. 313; Rothschild, _Novit. Zool._, several
notes.

[137] _Notes Leyden Mus._ xvi. 1895, p. 211.

[138] _Contributions to the Natural History of the U.S.A._, vol. i. 1857,
p. 333.

[139] _P.Z.S._ 1875, p. 2.

[140] _Wanderings of a Naturalist in India_, Edinburgh, 1867.

[141] _Sketches of the Natural History of Ceylon_, London, 1861.

[142] _Sitzber. Ak. Berlin._ 1891, p. 115; 1893, p. 347.

[143] _J. Morphol._ v. 1891, p. 181.

[144] _J. China Asiat. Soc._ xiii. 1879, pp. 1-36, with Figs.

[145] Boulenger, _Trans. Zool. Soc._ xiv. 1898 (read Nov. 1893).

[146] νόθος = spurious.

[147] _Zool. Gart._ 1889, p. 1.

[148] _P.Z.S._ 1888, p. 351, and 1891, p. 466.

[149] _P.Z.S._ 1889, p. 602.

[150] _P.Z.S._ 1889, p. 452.

[151] F. Mason's _Burma_, London, 1882.

[152] _Sketches of the Nat. Hist. of Ceylon_, London, 1861.

[153] _P. Ac. Philad._ 1864, p. 224, and _P. Amer. Ass._ xix. 1871, p. 236.

[154] _Ann. Nat. Hist._ (5) xiv. 1884, p. 117.

[155] _Burma, its People and Productions_, London, 1882.

[156] _Zool. Garten._ 1895, p. 232.

[157] _Zool. Garten._ 1895, p. 257.

[158] _P. Linn. Soc. N.S.W._ viii. 1883, p. 300.

[159] _Tangweera_, London, 1899.

[160] _Voyage of the Beagle_, London, 1845, chap. xvii.

[161] For further anatomical details see Shufeldt, _P.Z.S._ 1890, p. 148;
Boulenger, _P.Z.S._ 1891, p. 109; and Stewart, _P.Z.S._ 1891, p. 119.

[162] _P.Z.S._ 1899, p. 596.

[163] _Burma, its People and Productions_, London, 1882.

[164] _Sketches of the Nat. Hist. of Ceylon_, London, 1861.

[165] _Organic Evolution._ Translation, London, 1890.

[166] Fischer, _Zool. Garten._ 1884, p. 38.

[167] _Zool. Gart._ 1882, p. 206.

[168] _Denk. Ak. Wien._ iv. 1852.

[169] _C. R. Ass. Franc._ lxxx. 1876, No. 21.

[170] _J. de l'anat. physiol._ viii. 1872, p. 401.

[171] _Morphol. Arbeit._ vii. 1897, p. 515.

[172] _Arch. Physiol._ lxi. 1895, p. 123.

[173] Fischer, _Zool. Gart._ 1882, p. 4.

[174] For a detailed anatomical account, see West, _J. Linn. Soc._ xxv.
1895, p. 419; xxvi. 1898, p. 517; and xxviii. 1900.

[175] Clifford Allbutt's _System of Medicine_, vol. ii. London, 1896, p.
809.

[176] _Erpétologic générale, Suites à Buffon_, vol. vii. Paris, 1852.

[177] _Catalogue of Snakes, British Museum_, London, 1849.

[178] _Reptiles of British India_, Ray Society, 1864.

[179] _P. Ac. Philad._ 1864, p. 230.

[180] _Catalogue of Snakes, British Museum_, London, 1893-1896.

[181] Except _Oligodon_, _Dasypeltis_ and _Atractaspis_ (see. p. 582), in
which palatal teeth are restricted to the palatines.

[182] _Atlas der Thierverbreitung_, pt. v. Gotha, 1887.

[183] W. A. Forbes, _P.Z.S._ 1881, p. 960.

[184] _Burma, its People and Productions_, London, 1882.

[185] _Rep. Brit. Ass._ 1870. _Trans._ p. 115.

[186] _P.Z.S._ 1894, p. 669.

[187] _Zool. Gart._ 1895, p. 330.

[188] _Ibid._ 1896, p. 85.

[189] The same arrangement occurs in the Colubrine genus _Polyodontophis_,
with about ten species in South-Eastern Asia, Madagascar, the Comoro
Islands, and in Central America.

[190] _P.Z.S._ 1896, p. 715.

[191] _P.Z.S._ 1887, p. 340.

[192] _P.Z.S._ 1887, p. 489.

[193] _Natural Science_, i. 1892, p. 44.

[194] _Verbreitung der Kreuzotter in Deutschland._ Frankfurt a. M. 1888.

[195] _J. Linn. Soc._ xxviii.