Chapter THE TENTH: Of the fear the Indians had of the horses (6)

Seeing that the officers of His Majesty are about to return to Spain with the governor, and fearing that he may in the meanwhile die, or be removed to some other place where the report might not be delivered to him, and that His Majesty's service might in this way suffer loss, and the governor himself be prejudiced, and that I might be held blameworthy--taking all this, I say, into consideration, and for the discharge of my conscience, now I, in order to serve God and the King, and the governor in his name, desire to make a declaration of the said discovery, that His Majesty may know of it and the reports I obtained from the natives. I have therefore asked and required the notary to receive my statement, which is as follows:

"I, Captain Hernando de Ribera, say and declare that on the 20th of December last year (1543), I set out from the port of Los Reyes in the brigantine _El Golondrino_ ('The Swallow') with fifty-two men, in obedience to the governor's orders, and went on navigating the river Ygatu, which is an arm of the aforesaid two rivers Yacareati and Yaiva, and is very wide and voluminous; and on the sixth day I entered the parent stream of these two water-courses. According to the reports of the natives where I happened to land, these two rivers come from the interior of the country, the Yaiva most probably from the Sierras of Santa Martha. This river is wide and deep, and greater than the Yacareati, which according to the Indians, flows from the Peruvian Sierras; and between those two water-courses there is a wide expanse of land, and innumerable villages and tribes. According to the natives, the Yaiva and the Yacareati unite in the country of the Indians called Perobazanes, and there they separate again, and seventy leagues lower down they reunite.

"After navigating that river for seventeen days, I passed through the land of the Perobazanes, and arrived at another country, where the inhabitants are called Xarayes. These people are agriculturists, have a quantity of provisions, and rear geese, fowls, and other birds. They fish and hunt, and are a reasonable people, obeying their chief. Being in one of their settlements, consisting of about a thousand houses, and well received by their chief, Camire, I collected information concerning the settlements of the interior. In consequence of that information, I left the brigantine under the care of ten men, and taking a guide from the said Xarayes, advanced three days inland, till I reached the settlements of a tribe of Indians, called Urtueses, a good people, cultivating the soil like the Xarayes. From this place, I went on through an inhabited country, till I reached fourteen degrees twenty minutes going westwards.

"While staying in the settlements of the Urtueses and Aburuñes, many chiefs of tribes farther inland came and spoke with me, and brought feathers, like those of Peru, and metal plates in the rough. From them I also obtained information, questioning each individually concerning the settlements and tribes beyond. All these Indians told me that at ten days' march from there, towards the west-north-west, there were women inhabiting large villages, who possessed a large quantity of white and yellow metal, and all their domestic utensils and vessels were of this metal, and their chief was a woman. They are a warlike people, much feared by the Indians. Before reaching those female warriors it is necessary to pass a tribe of very small Indians, who make war upon the women, and also upon those Indians who gave the information. At a certain time of the year these women unite with their neighbours, and cohabit with them. And if the children born of this intercourse be girls, the mothers keep them; if they are boys, they send them as soon as they are weaned to their fathers. On the other side of the settlements of these women, bordering with them, there are very large villages and tribes of Indians. These statements they made of their own free will, without my asking them. They talked also of a large lake, which they call the House of the Sun, because they say the sun locks himself in there, and said that these women lived there between the flanks of Santa Martha and the lake on the west-north-west, and that beyond the settlements of those women were other large nations of black people. According to the description they gave, these negroes are eagle-faced, with pointed beards like the Moors. We asked them how they knew those people to be black, and they answered that their fathers had seen them and other tribes living in that neighbourhood had reported it. These people clothe themselves, and have houses of stone and earth; they are tall, and possess white and yellow metal in such abundance that they make use of no other material for their domestic utensils and vases, and all kinds of great vessels. We asked where those black people lived, and they pointed to the north-west, saying, that should we wish to go there, we might reach their settlements in fifteen days. And it seemed to me, judging from the indications given by the Indians, that those settlements lie in twelve degrees towards the north-west, between the sierras of Santa Martha and Marañon. They are a race of warriors fighting with bows and arrows. The same Indians also gave us to understand that between west-north-west and north-west, one quarter north, there are many tribes of Indians with such large settlements that it is a day's journey to pass from one end to the other; and all are rich in white and yellow metal, and wear clothes. They may be reached in a short time, always passing through inhabited country.

"Farther to the west there is a large lake, so wide that it is impossible to see from shore to shore, and by its side dwells a nation who wear clothes, and possess much metal and brilliant stones, which they work into the borders of their dress; and they find these stones in the lake. They have large villages, are agriculturists, and have stores of provisions, besides an abundance of geese and other birds. From the place where I was they said I might reach the lake and its settlements in fifteen days, always travelling through inhabited country, abounding in metal, and by good roads. They offered to show us the way thither when the floods subsided, though we were but few Christians, and the settlements we should have to pass were very large and populous.

"I also formally declare that the Indians showed me by signs that in the direction west, one quarter south-west, there are large towns, with houses built of earth, inhabited by a good people, clothed, very rich, and possessing plenty of metal. They rear a large number of great sheep, using these for agriculture and transport. I asked if those people were far off, and they answered that the route thither lay through a thickly inhabited country, and that it was not far. Among those people they said there were other Christians, and great waterless deserts of sand. We asked them how they knew there were Christians on that side, and they answered, that in times gone by the Indians living in that neighbourhood had been heard to say that as they were passing the desert they met many white people, clothed, with beards, and they had certain animals with them (evidently, according to their showing, horses), and riders on their backs, and that owing to the want of water they had returned, and many had died on the way. The Indians thought they had come from the other side of the desert. They showed us also, by signs, that in the direction west, one quarter south, there were high mountains, and an uninhabited country. Having heard that there were people dwelling beyond those deserts, the Indians had attempted to pass that way, but were unable to proceed, because they died of hunger and thirst. We asked them how they came to learn all this, and they answered, that all the Indians of this country communicated with one another, and it had been related how those Indians had seen the Christians and their horses crossing the desert. They said, too, that on the south-west skirt of those mountains there were many large settlements, and people rich in metal; and beyond these again lay the salt water and the great ships. We asked them if those settlements were ruled by separate chiefs, and they answered, that there was only one chief who ruled all the towns, and was obeyed by all. I further declare, that in order to verify their statements I questioned each of them separately for a day and a night, and they always repeated the same story without any variation whatever."

The above statement was made by Hernando de Ribera, who said and declared that he had received it with all clearness, faithfully and loyally, without fraud and deceit; and in order that all credit and faith should be given to it, and that there should not be the slightest doubt concerning it, or any portion thereof, he said he would swear to the truth of it, and he swore in the name of God and Santa Maria, and on the four sacred gospels, upon which he placed his right hand, a missal being held open for that purpose by the reverend father, Francisco Gonzalez Paniagua, at the very place where the sacred gospels are written, and on the sign of the cross, like this: ✠ [Maltese cross], where he also placed his right hand to testify that the aforesaid statement, according to the form and manner of it, was given, said, and declared by the Indian chiefs of the aforesaid land, and by other aged men whom he had diligently examined and interrogated in order to learn the truth, and have a clear understanding of the interior of the country.

After he had obtained this information, other Indians of different settlements came to see him, especially of a large village, called Uretabere. He went one day's march in their territory, and collected information wherever he went, and all the statements agreed. He declared, moreover, under the sanctity of his oath, that there was no exaggeration or imagination in anything he had said, nothing but the truth, without fraud or reservation whatsoever. He also declared that the Indians assured him that the river Yacareati has a fall from a high mountain.

This he certifies to be true, so help him God, and if it be otherwise may he pay dear in this world with his body, and in the next with his soul. This oath having been read out to him, he said: "I swear it, Amen."

The aforesaid captain asked and required me to testify to this statement, as much for his peace of mind as to serve as evidence for the aforesaid governor, and to preserve his rights; the following being witnesses: the aforesaid reverend father Paniagua; Sebastian de Valdivieso, valet of the said governor; Gaspar de Hortigosa and Juan de Hoces, citizens of Cordoba, all of whom have signed their names as follows: Francisco Gonzalez Paniagua, Sebastian de Valdivieso, Juan de Hoces, Hernando de Ribera, Gaspar de Hortigosa.

Done before me, Pedro Hernandez, notary.

INDEX,

A.

Abacoten, Indian chief, 132

Abangobi, Indian chief, 111

Abipones, Indian tribe, xxxvi, 16

Abrego, Diego de, quarrels with Francisco de Mendoza, 78 _seq._;
his name also written Abreu and Abriego, 79;
his cousins marry Irala's daughters, 79 _seq._

Aburuñes, 266

Achkere. _See_ Aracaré

Achkeres, why so called, 42;
no tribe of that name, _ib._

Acosta, Diego de, 240

----, Gonzalo de, 122

----, author of "History of the Indies" referred to, 66

Acuña, Hector de, 207

Adelantado, the title, xv, 35, 96

Agazes, Indian tribe (Aygais), xxxvi, 16, 18;
their war with the Spaniards, 18 _seq._;
their place, 19, 22, 23, 54, 131;
their treatment of captives, _ib._;
their wars, 131 _seq._;
peace with, 132 _seq._;
peace broken by, 150 _seq._; 153;
judgment passed on, 158, 238;
expedition to punish, 239

Alabos, Indian chief, 132

Alcalde Mayor, 158

Algarroba, the seed of the carob-tree, 18

All Saints' Eve, 33, 165

Almenza, Martin de, 136, 137, 159

_Almirante_ (Almiranda), a Spanish title, 89

Alvar Nunez. _See_ Cabeza de Vaca

Amazon, xxxiii

Amazons, xxxix, riches of, 45;
reports concerning, 45 _seq._;
island inhabited by, 46, _note_, _ib._;
their king's name, _ib._; 48

America, partition of, xxi;
trade with, xxiv;
general language of, xxxiii

_Amida._ _See_ Sheep

_Amne._ _See_ Sheep

Anchieta, the missionary, xxxiii

Andalusia, 5

Andes, Cordillera of, xxxiii, xxxvi

Andrada, Francisco d', 159, 251

Angelis, Don Pedro de, editor of Schmidt's voyage referred to, xxiii

Anghiera, Pedro Martyr de, xxv

Angra, justice of, 261

Añiriri, Indian chief, 107

Anta, _or_ Tapir. _See_ Sheep

Antilles, sea of the, xxxiii

Antorff. _See_ Antwerp

Ants, red and black, 200;
antidote against stings of, _ib._

Antwerp, xv, xxiv, 1, 81, 88, 91

Anzures, Pero, Gobernacion of, 65;
sent to conquer Chunchos, 73, _note_

Aracaré (Achkere), Indian chief, 37, 160;
his treachery, 161 _seq._, 163;
executed by Spaniards, 164

Argentina, pampas of, xxxiii

_Argentina_, poem, 10

Arianicosies, Indian tribe, 223, 224, 226, 233

Armenta, Bernardo de, a Franciscan friar, 100, 105, 116, 136, 159, 175;
leaves the country, 250

Armeven (Armuia), 91

Aroaz, Juan de, notary, 108

Arquebusiers, 107, 177

_Arroba_, a Spanish weight, 195

Arrows made of cane, 11

Artaneses, Indian tribe, 212

Arthus, Prof. Gotard, xxii

Arumaya river, 73

Ascension. _See_ Asuncion

Asher, J., his essay on "Hulsius's Voyages" referred to, xxx

Assumption, Feast of the, 22

Asuelles. _See_ Anzures

Asuncion (Desumsion), city of, xxii;
founded, 22, _note_; 24, 27, 28, 35;
distance from Santa Catalina, 36; 38, 39, 51, 57, 59, 61;
latitude of, 74;
besieged, 79; 81, 86;
always Ascension in the _Commentaries_, 102, 103, 104, 105, 109,
115, 118, 122, 123, 124, 125, 127, 128, 132, 134, 135, 137, 138,
149, 156, 157, 160, 161, 164, 165, 166;
fire at, _ib._;
rebuilt, 167; 173, 177, 179, 180, 181;
return of expedition to, 237 _seq._, 239, 260, 263

Atabare, or Tabaré, Indian chief, his hostility to the Spaniards, 170
_seq._, 180;
offers to accompany the expedition, 181

Ave Maria, 142

Aygais. _See_ Agazes

Ayolas (Eyollas), Juan de, xxvi, xxvii, 6;
placed in command, 12; 13, 14;
sails up Paraná, _ib._;
takes Lambaré, 21, 22; 23, 24, 26;
death of, 27, 62;
sick Spaniards left by, 70, 102, 103, 109, 123, 124, 182, 185, 186,
187

Azara, Don Felix de, his opinion of Schmidt's voyage, xxxv, 4

B.

Bachacheis. _See_ Mbaiás

Bachereos. _See_ Xarayos

Bachkeku or wacheku. _See_ Bananas

Bagenberg, 25

Bananas, 63

Barba, Don Diego de, 146

_Barbacoas_ or _parrillas_ for roasting meat, 154

Barchkonis, 66, 68

Barcia, de, his translation referred to, xxiii, 6, 35, 37, 65

Barco Centenera, the pseudo-poet, 10

Bareia, 81

Barter trade, 15

Batates. _See_ Guatatas

Bats, vampire, 199 _seq._

Beni, River, 73

Bermejo, Rio (Red River), 19

Bigg-Wither, referred to, 108

Black River, the lagoon, 195

Blood of wild beasts drank by Indians, 7

Blue stone worn in lip, 72

Boa, the, 84

Boar, wild, 15, 19, 118, 135

_Bodelle._ _See_ _Rodela_

Bonas Aeieres. _See_ Buenos Ayres

Bone Speranso. _See_ Buena Esperanza

Brabant, 91

Bravo, Anton, bastinadoed, 252

Brazil, xiv, xviii;
the name, xxii, 32, 35, 175, 176, 190, 250

Brazilian (Brazil) wood, xxii, xxviii, 85, 86

Breastplates on horses, 146

Bresa, Baron de la, xxiv

Brigantines (Parchkadienes), xxvi, 10, 12, 13, 21, 28, 34, 37, 39, 40,
49, 51, 59, 62, 162

Buena Esperanza, or Corpus Christi, founded by Mendoza, 15, _note_, 22

Buenos Ayres (Bonas Aeires), Santa Maria de, foundation of, xxvi, 7;
besieged, 11; 31, 32, 33, 34, 36;
province of, 81; 101, 102, 103, 104, 106;
abandoned, xvi, 123, 124, 125;
relief sent to, 127, _seq._; 164, 165,
measures to re-establish, 165

Bull, Papal, xxi

Bullets, stone, 8

Burton, Sir Richard, his edition of Hans Stade referred to, xviii

C.

Cabeza de Vaca, Alvar Nuñez, his parentage, xiii, xvi;
opposed by Irala, _ib._;
judgment and acquittal of, xvii;
Commentaries of, _ib._; xviii, xx, xxvii;
route opened by, xviii, xx, xxx;
referred to, 27, 35 _seq._;
Schmidt's opinion of, 35, _note_, 41, 49, 51, 52;
arrest and imprisonment of, 52 _seq._;
is sent to Spain, 53;
honesty and capacity of, _ib._, _note_;
horrible treatment suffered by, _ib._;
his captivity in Florida, 95;
returns to Spain, _ib._;
offers to lead a relief expedition, _ib._;
appointed Adelantado, 96;
equips at his own cost an expedition, _ib._;
vessels bought by, _ib._;
is detained in Cadiz, _ib._;
sets sail, _ib._;
arrives at La Palma, _ib._;
sails towards Cape Verd, _ib._;
takes possession of Cananea, 99;
arrives at Santa Catalina, _ib._;
disembarks his people, 100;
treats Indians kindly, _ib._, 107;
protects monks, 101;
clothes Spanish refugees, 103 _seq._;
hastens to Asuncion, 104;
opens route overland, _ib._;
leaves Santa Catalina, 106;
begins his march, _ib._;
enters the interior, 107;
discovers Indian settlements, _ib._;
takes possession of territory for king, 107;
his name, 108;
his generosity to Indians, 109;
protects natives, 109 _seq._;
writes to Asuncion, 118;
descends the Yguazú, 120;
orders rafts to be made, 121;
arrives at Asuncion, 125;
shows his credentials, _ib._;
recognised as governor, _ib._;
his orders to rebuild Buenos Ayres, 128;
summons meeting of clergy, 128;
assembles native vassals, 129;
makes peace with Agazes, 132;
clothes needy Spaniards, 134;
reduces taxation, _ib._;
arrests officers, _ib._;
consults clergy, 136 _seq._;
leads expedition against Guaycurús, 139;
narrow escape of, 143;
restores order in his troops, _ib._;
his dispositions for attack, 146;
inquires into the acts of the Agazes, 151;
receives the submission of Guaycurús, 154;
sends further relief to Buenos Ayres, 159;
prepares to explore province, 159 _seq._;
orders vessels to be built, 162;
returns thanks for safety of Spaniards, 166;
supplies destitute Spaniards, 167;
assembles clergy and officers, 168;
orders brigantines to be equipped, 169;
supports friendly Indians, 170;
writes to Irala, 173;
animosity against, 175;
orders depositions to be taken, 176;
starts on voyage of discovery, 177;
builds a church, _ib._;
reaches Tapua, 178;
stays at Itapuan, 183;
treats with Payaguás, 186 _seq._;
orders soundings to be taken, 191;
speaks with Guaxarapos, 192;
takes possession of Los Reyes, 198;
cautions Spaniards and Guaranís, 198;
bitten by a vampire bat, 199 _seq._;
holds a council, 205;
decides on an advance, 215;
arrives at Rio Caliente, 216;
is advised to return, 220;
sends Ribera to Tapuá, 221;
summons chiefs of Los Reyes, 222;
sends for provisions, 223;
sends Hernando Ribera to the Xarayes, 225;
recalls Mendoza, 233;
falls sick with fever, 236;
remains at Los Reyes, 237;
orders Indian girls to be restored, 237;
returns to Asuncion, 238;
conspiracy against, 239 _seq._;
his property seized, 242;
his life threatened, 245;
his imprisonment, 247;
corresponds with his friends, 247 _seq._;
asks for a confessor, 251, 253;
appoints a deputy, 257;
is chained on the brigantine, 257;
poison administered to, 259;
his chains filed asunder, 260;
arrives at the Azores, 261;
in Spain, _ib._;
is arrested and kept a prisoner eight years, 262;
acquitted and released, _ib._;
losses sustained by, _ib._

Cabeza de Vaca, Pedro Estopiñan, nephew of Alvar Nuñez, sent by sea to
Buenos Ayres, 36, 106, 107;
arrives at Asuncion, 164;
his report, _ib._;
seized and put in irons, 258;
sent to Spain, _ib._

Cabot, Sebastian, expedition under, xiv, xxv;
fort of, 15;
referred to, 202

Cabrera (Gabrero), Alonso, arrives from Spain, 14, 32, 33, 52, 125;
letter signed by, 165; 240, 243, 256, 259;
files the governor's chains asunder, 260;
loses his reason and kills his wife, 262

----, Antonio, 37

Caceres, Felipe de, 52;
sent to the La Plata, 101, 104, 125;
accompanies expedition, 177; 240

_Cacocies Chaneses._ _See_ Xarayes

Cactus hedge round Indian village, 67

Cadiz (Calles), 1, 88, 90, 98

Caguazú, Indian settlement, 136, 137

Calderon, 31

Calles. _See_ Cadiz

Camire, Indian chief, 211, 212, 265

_Camoati_, Guaraní word for beehives, 77

_Campo, el_ (the plain), 104, 107

Camus, M., his collection of voyages referred to, xxxiv

Cananea, 36, 99, 100

Canaria, 96

Canary Islands, their distance from San Lucar, 2; 4

Candelaria, port of, 102, 185;
latitude of, 186;
now Corumbá, _ib._

Candirées, Indian tribe, 203, 232

Cannibalism, remarks on, xxxvi _seq._;
denied by the editor of this book, xxxviii;
Schmidt's notices of, 20;
C. de Vaca's notices of, 129, 234, 254

Canoes, 13;
swiftness of, 193;
large, 194

Cape Verde, 96, 261;
islands, 4, 97, 98

_Capibara_, or _Capincho_, water-hog, 184;
chase of, _ib._

_Capitana_, name of ship, 96, 124, 127

Captives in war, treatment of, 20, 129 _seq._

Caracas, province of, xxiv

Caravels (Karabella), 32, 35

_Carcaraes_, Indian tribe, 203, 232

Carch Karaisch. _See_ Guaycurus

_Cardas_, a kind of teasel, 155

_Cardos_ (Cardes), Spanish for thistle, 69

Carendies. _See_ Quirandis

_Carib_ and _Caniba_, name given by Indians of Hayti to their enemies,
xxxvii

Carieba, 57;
taken by treachery, 58

Carios, name by which Schmidt calls the Guaranís, 14, 15, 19;
extent of their country, 19;
their superiority for work, _ib._;
their customs, 20;
their cannibalism, _ib._;
their treatment of prisoners, _ib._;
their war, _ib._;
their town, _ib._;
their forts, 21;
pits dug by, _ib._;
their fight with the Spaniards, _ib._;
their submission, 22;
build a town for the Spaniards, _ib._; 27, 28, 37, 38, 40, 41;
their insurrection, 54;
expedition against, 55 _seq._;
their fortifications, 56, 57, 59;
defeat of, 59;
join Irala's expedition, 62; 64, 70, 71, 76, 81, 82, 83, 102

Carob bean (_Prosopis dulcis mimosa_), 18, 135;
flour and wine made of, _ib._

Casas, Bartolomé, de las, xxv;
abridges Columbus' Journal, xxxvii

Casca, de. _See_ La Gasca

Cassia trees, 189;
fruit of, _ib._

Castellano, gold coin, value of, 242

Castille, 258

Centenera. _See_ Barco

Ceuti, lemon of, 189

Chaco, Indians of the, xiv; xvi

Chanés (Chameses, Chaneses), Indian tribe, 65, 66, 102, 103, 191, 197,
202, 203, 231, 232

Charles V, King of Spain, xiii, xxiii;
his partiality for Flemings, xxiv _seq._;
abdication of, xxix

Charúas, tribe of Indians, xxxvi, 6 _seq._; 11

Chaves, Nuflo de, sent to Peru, 75, 76; 244

Cheriguanos, now named Moxos and Chiquitos, their country, xxvii, 37

_Chimencos_, Indian tribe, 203, 232

Chiquitos, xxvii

Chunchos, territory of, 73

Cipoyay, Indian chief, 107

Cock, crow of, saves a ship, 98

Coligny protects Villegaignon, xxix

Columbus, Christopher, alteration of his words _carne viva_ regarding
the natives of Hayti, xxxvi _seq._

Compans, Ternaux, his Collection of Voyages referred to, xxxiv;
his erroneous identifications, xxxiv, 19, 85

Cordova, or Cordoba, 100, 270

Corpus Christi, fort, 15, 29

Correa, Antonio, 207, 209

Corumbá, 186

Cotton, 19, 212

Crocodile, legend concerning, 42 _seq._

Crossbowmen, 107

Cuenca, Bishop of, 262

Ciudad Real de Guaira, 118

Curitiba, city of, 108

Cuyaba, river, 190

Cuzco (called by Schmidt, Ruessken), 76

D.

Dabere. _See_ Tabaré

_Dantas._ _See_ Sheep

Danube, river, 60

Darts, tipped with flint, 8, 54, 67

De Bry, his collection referred to, xxii;
publishes Schmidt's voyage, xxx

Deer, 44, 45, 66, 68, 118, 148, 149

Demerieff. _See_ Teneriffe

Desumsion. _See_ Asuncion

Diaz, Ruy, 62

Diembus. _See_ Timbus

Diess. _See_ Diaz

Doberim Carolus. _See_ Dubrin

Domingo, an Indian, 176

Dorantes, Pedro (the factor), reconnoitres a way inland, 104;
his report, 125;
joins expedition, 177;
returns to Asuncion, 181; 240, 256, 258

Dryandri, Dr. Johann, Stade's work written by, xxx

Duarte, Lope, a confederate of Irala, 259

Dubrin, Carlos, 14

Duechkamin, town of, 19;
M. Ternaux, erroneous identification of, _ib._;
probably Tomina, _ib._, _note_

E.

Ear ornaments, 40

Earthquake, 165

_El Golondrino_ (the Swallow), name of vessel, 265

Escalera, Antonio d', 251

Espinosa. _See_ Salazar

Espiritu Santo, province and port of, 86

Estopiñan, Pedro. _See_ Cabeza de Vaca

Eyolla. _See_ Irala

Eyollas, Johann. _See_ Ayolas

F.

_Farol_, Spanish for lantern, 90

Fenugreek, 18;
_not_ the herb from which the wine was made, _ib._, 24, 25

Ferdinand and Isabella, xiii

Fish, 5, 87;
extraordinary numbers of, 189, 194;
gold, 195

Flemings, funds supplied by, xxiv;
favours shown to, xxv;
take part in expedition, _ib._;
their struggle for independence, xxx

Flemish merchants, xv

Flooded land, marching through, 47

Floods on Paraguai, 41, 47, 193, 194

Florida, xvii, 35

Flying-fishes, 5

Francisco, a converted Indian, succours the Christians, 122, 127

Franck, Sebastian, his Collection of Voyages, xvi, xxix, xxx

Frio, cape, 99

_Fucar_, the word, xxiv

Fuegians, cannibalism attributed to, xxxviii

Fuggers, family of wealthy merchants, xxiv, xxviii

Furs of the Indians, 9

G.

Gabaretha, 81

Gabrero. _See_ Cabrera

Galan, Francisco Ruiz, 29

Game, abundance of, 229

Garcia, Alejo, the fabulous, 202

Garcia, the interpreter, 190 _seq._;
his expedition into the interior, 191, 202;
not the pilot of that name, 202; 209, 231

Garcia Diego, the pilot, xiv, 202

Garcia, Ruy, sent by Irala to Peru, 75

Gastra, de. _See_ Caceres

Geese, 15, 19, 63, 66, 68, 118;
kept by Indians to destroy crickets, 168

Germans take part in Mendoza's expedition, xxv

Gold and silver, 45, 48, 49, 90, 212, 214, 232, 244

Gold plates worn for ornaments, 48

Gomara, Francisco Lopez de, xxvii

Gomera, island, 2

Gonzales, Bartolomé, 241

Gonzalo, an Indian, 103

Gran Canaria, 100

Guaçani, an Indian chief, his hostility to the Spaniards, 170, 180,
181, 191

Guadalquivir, comparison with, 117

Guadix, 253

Guaira (or Paraná), Jesuit missions in, 111;
province of, xix, xxii, xxviii, xxxiii, 36, 81

Guanacos, 63

Guapay, river, 65, 73.

Guaraní family, xx

Guaraní language, xxxiii, 16, 129, 206

Guaranís, only one nation of, xxxv;
divisions of, _ib._; 107;
their cannibalism, _ib._; 110, 111, 112, 114;
settlements of, 117;
arrayed for battle, 121; 123;
pillaged by Agazes, 131 _seq._, 133; 140;
march to battle, 141;
panic among 144;
timidity of, 146; 148, 149, 150;
chiefs sent for, 152, 153, 155;
attack Buenos Ayres, 165;
extreme point occupied by, 182, 184

Guaranís, of the interior, 203, 204, 206, 210 _seq._, 213, 215, 217,
228, 231;
suffer from fever, 233; 234, 238

Guatatas, 142, 146, 153

Guatos, a tribe of Indians, 213, 227, 234

Guaycurús (Guaicurús), a tribe of warriors and hunters, 15, 16, 25;
their food, _ib._;
their habits, 135;
feared by other tribes, _ib._;
kind to their wives, _ib._;
injuries committed by, 136;
proclaimed enemies, 137;
message sent to, _ib._;
their movements watched, 138, 140; 142, 144;
their mode of beheading prisoners, 147;
defeat of, _ib._;
allow liberty to their women, 148; 149, 150;
captives set free, 152;
submission of, 153 _seq._;
their barter with the Spaniards, 155, 157

Guayviaño, port of, 177, 182, 183

Guaxarapos, country of, 189;
submission of, 190; 192, 193, 213;
attack Spaniards, 222, 227, 234, 235, 238

Guazú, Chera, an Indian chief, 13

Gulgaises. _See_ Guaicurús

Guzman, Alonso Riquelme de (called by Schmidt, Richkell), father of
Ruy Diaz, 79

Guzman, Ruy Diaz, author of _La Argentina_, xxvii, 27, 73, 79

H.

Hammocks, 84

Hannego. _See_ Vanegas

Hayti, xxxvi

Heads of enemies, how preserved, 55

Hens, 15, 19, 63, 66, 68

Hernandez, Andres, 245

----, Juan, 29

----, Pero, or Pedro, secretary of Cabeza de Vaca, 37;
arrested, 241, 260, 270

Herrera, Antonio de, the historian, referred to, xxv, xxvii, 1, 15, 27

----, Rodrigo de, 251

Herrezuelo, Luiz de, a monk, 159

Hidalgo, the word, 252

Hieronimus, 70

Hoces, Juan de, 270

Honey, abundance of, 77; 110, 124

Horses and mares brought from Spain, 7;
fears excited by, 117; 147, 181, 183

Hortigosa, Gaspar de, 270

_Hulcken_, large merchantmen, 88

Hulsius, Levinus, his edition of Schmidt's voyage referred to, xxx,
xxxiii;
note by, 50

Hulst, or Hulsen, Johann von, a merchant, 81, 86

I.

Iegnis, King of the Amazons, 46

Iepedii, or Ipiti river. _See_ Bermejo

Ieperis. _See_ Yapirus

Iguape, xiv

Iguazu. _See_ Yguazu

Indians, their fear of the horses, 110, 117;
remove their camps, 110;
cordial reception by, 115, 123;
their deference for old women, 119;
houses of, 124;
attack Spaniards, 126;
protection of, 128 _seq._;
their cannibalism, 129;
swiftness of foot of, 135;
converted, 136, 160, 163;
custom of, 140;
Spaniards dependent on, 144; 148;
accompany Spaniards on their discovery, 163;
complaints by, 176;
in war paint, 178;
habits of, 193 _seq._;
their ornaments, 207

_Inriquizava._ _See_ Yeruquihaba

Ipaneme (Ipané) river and port, 60, 181, 182, 191

Irala, Domingo Martinez de, principal part taken by, xvi;
personal ambition of, _ib._,
defence of, xvii; xxvi _seq._;
obtains title of governor, xxviii; xxx, 14, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 34;
yields up government to Cabeza de Vaca, 36;
subdues the Carios, 38;
supposed author of conspiracy against Cabeza de Vaca, 53;
elected governor, _ib._;
attacks and defeats the Carios, 57 _seq._;
advances against Tabaré, 60;
proposes expedition, 61;
sends messengers to Peru, 65;
his letter, 73; 75, 78;
marries his daughters to Spaniards, 80; 102;
is blamed for the death of Ayolas, 103;
withdraws from the country of the Payaguás, _ib._; 125, 143;
sent to explore Upper Paraguai, 160, 165;
returns from his exploration, 167;
his report, 168;
ordered to assist Mendoza, 172;
makes peace with hostile chiefs, 174;185, 241;
elected deputy governor, 243 _seq._; 249, 252, 253, 254, 258, 259

Iron plates, a mistake of author's, 58

Isabella, Queen of Spain, 148

Itabitan. _See_ Itapuan

Itapuan, 183

_Itaqui_, two ports of that name, 180

Itati, 212

Itatis, 37, 41, 43

J.

Jejuy (Giguy) river, 170

"Jigger." _See_ _Nigua_

Juberich Sabaije. _See_ Yeruquihaba

K.

Kalles. _See_ Cadiz

Karchkonis, or Karckkockios, 66, 68, 71 _seq._, 77

Keyser, Christoff, agent of Fugger, 80

Kueremagbas. _See_ Mbaiás

Kumero. _See_ Gomera

_Kuniglin_, probably guinea-pigs, 66

L.

La Gasca, governor of Peru, 65, 74

Lambaré, 20

La Palma, island of, 4, 96, 97

La Plata. _See_ Rio de la Plata

Las Piedras, or Pan de Azúcar, 160 _seq._

Lauchstein. _See_ Lujan

Leagues, Castilian, 4

Lebron, friar Alonzo, 100, 105, 116, 136, 159, 175, 250

Lezcano, Juan Gabriel de, 159

Lieme. _See_ Lima

Locusts, crops eaten by, 68

Lopez, Antonio, a pilot, 104

Lima, 74, 76

Lip ornaments, 20, 37, 40, 43, 72, 214, 230

Lisbon, xxiv, xxviii, 81, 85

Llamas, or great sheep of Peru, 63;
used for riding, _ib._, 204

Los Reyes, port of, 168, 169, 174, 189, 191, 196;
curious rocks near, _ib._;
shallows of, 197;
Indians of, 199;
church built at, 201, 203, 205, 213, 215, 220, 221, 225, 231, 233,
234, 235, 237, 263, 264, 265

Loxa, wife of Alonso Cabrera, 262

Luchsam, Jörg. _See_ Lujan

Lujan, Jorge, 6, 10

M.

Machin, a Biscayan, 259

Machkaria, an Indian chief, 56

Machkasis, Rio, 66, 73, 75

Machkokios, 65, 73

Machkuerendas, perhaps _Mocoretas_, 16;
language of, _ib._, 17

Maijeaijs. _See_ Mbaiás

Maijegoni, or Maigenos, 67, 70 _seq._

Maipai. _See_ Mepenes

Maize wine, 230

Malaria, from putrefying fish, 236

Manchossa. _See_ Mendoza

_Mandepore_, _Mandcoch parpij_, _Mandeochade_, _Mandioch Mandapore_.
_See_ Manioc

_Mandubís_, mandues or manduís (pea-nuts), 25, 37, 40, 41, 63, 118,
155, 199

Manioc, 14, 15, 19, 37, 41, 63;
drink made from, 69, 199

Mantles made by Indian women, 45, 49, 65, 155

Mapennis. _See_ Mepenes

Marañon, sierra of, 267

Marilla, Bartolomé de la, 244

Markets for sale and barter of Indian commodities, 155

Marroni, 67

Martin Garcia, Island, 33

_Matanza_ river, _de la_, 9

Mataraes, Indian tribe, 188

Matto Grosso, xxvii

Mayáes. _See_ Mbaiás

Mayas, 153

Mbaiás, their kindness to the Spaniards, 18;
their mode of piercing the nose, _ib._; 26, 54;
their mode of fighting, 55; 57, 63;
attack by, 64;
slaughter of, 65; 66, 203

Mbiaçá or Mbiaçai, the country opposite Santa Catalina Island, 35, 83,
100

Mechseckheim. _See_ Mexico

Mello, Homem de, referred to, 121

Mendoza, Antonio de, 29, 30;
death of, 31

----, Diego, death of, 8

----, Don Pedro de, first Adelantado of Rio de la Plata, xv, xvi, xxi,
xxv, xxvi, xxvii;
his expedition, 1, _note_;
appoints Juan Osorio to the command, 5; 6, 7, 8, 10, 12;
dies on the voyage back to Spain, 13; 32, 35, 70, 95, 101, 102

----, Don Francisco, 52, 240

----, Gonzalo de, 32, _note_;
sent to relieve Buenos Ayres, 159;
disaster to, 165;
sent to obtain supplies from Indians, 169;
writes to the governor, 170 _seq._;
commands the rear flotilla, 190;
sent for provisions, 223;
his orders, 224 _seq._, 226 _seq._, 233

----, Jorge de, his love-adventure not known in history, 2 _note_, 4

Mepen, Pedro, 234

Mepenes, or Abipones, 17;
their hostility, _ib._;
they only fight on water, 18, 63

Merchireses, Indian tribe, 142

Mexico, 4

Miguel, a converted Indian, 109

Miranda, a Spaniard killed, 238

Miranda, Luis de, the priest, 251, 259

Molina, Pedro de, 253 _seq._

Monkeys pull and throw down pine-cones to eat, 113

Monks, obstinacy of, 116;
consulted, 159;
take to flight, 175 _seq._

Montoya, Ruiz de, the missionary, xxxiii

Moors, pointed beards of, 266

Morales, a gentleman of Seville, 241

Mormosén, Indian chief, 137, 138

Moussy, Martin de, referred to, 121

Moxos, xxvii

Musical instruments of Indians, 44

N.

Naperus. _See_ Yapirus

Navarrete, his Collection of Voyages referred to, xxxii, xxxvii

Navigation, rules observed in, 33, 89

Niedhart, Sebastian, xxv, 2, 80

_Nigua_, Guaraní for the small flea known in W. Africa as "Jigger", 74

Nova Hispania, 4, 75

Nuremberg, 2;
things made at, 48

Nythart, Hans, his translation of Terence's play of "The Eunuch", 52

O.

Ocampo, Augustin de, an officer sent by Irala to Peru, 75

Old age rare among Indians, 50

Oñate, Pedro d', 240

_Orejones_, why so called, 200;
compared with the Incas, _ib._, 230

Orejon, Francisco, a Spaniard, 118

Orellana, a Spanish officer, the first to navigate the river Amazon, 46

Orthuses. _See_ Urtuesses

Osorio, Juan, 5;
unjustly put to death, 6

Ossorig, Hans. _See_ Osorio

Ostriches, 15, 19, 44, 63, 66, 68, 141, 149

Ostrich flesh, 138

Oviedo, Fernandez de, the historian, xxvi

P.

_Pabesse._ _See_ _Pavés_

Pabon, Johan, 8

Pacheco, a mulatto, 190

Padades. _See_ Potatoes

Paeime, or Paine, Heinrich, xxv, 2, 3

Palm tree, 48;
young shoots of, 216

Palm nuts, flour made of, 216

Palma (Palman), 2, 3, 4.
_See_ also La Palma

_Palometa_ (Palmede), teeth of, used by Indians for beheading
prisoners, 54, 147

Paniagua, Francisco Gonzales, 269, 270

Parabor, or Parabog. _See_ Paraguai

_Parabor_, _parabog_, or _paraog_, a Guaraní word, 20, ethnological
note

Paraguai, conquest of, xvii, xviii; conquerors of, xxx;
language spoken in, xxxiii

---- river, xiv, xix, xxvi;
expedition up, 14; 18, 19, 20, 23, 26, 28, 35, 37, 39, 41, 44, 51;
affluents of, 60; 62, 102, 103;
province of, 111, 118; 125, 131, 132, 135, 137, 149, 153, 163, 167,
181, 182, 189, 190;
loses itself, 195; 202, 203, 212, 263

Paraiso, Isla del, 41, 43

Paraná, xxxvi, province of, 36, 108, 111;
river, xiv, xxvi;
width of, 6, 7, 10, 12, 15, 16, 18, 28, 33;
originally called Rio de Solis, _ib._ _note_; 35, 81, 103, 108;
also called Rio de la Plata, 120;
width of, 121; 122, 126, 127, 128, 164, 165

Parana Wassu, or Guazú. _See_ Parana river

Paraná-pané river, now called Paraná-panema, 111

Paranon. _See_ Parana

Parchkadienes. _See_ Brigantines

Paredes, Francisco de, 259, 260

Parnawuie, a Spaniard, 76

Parroni, 67

Parrots, 66;
kept by natives, 127;
feathers used for ornament, 141

Pat, or podell, a boat, 3, 6, 12

Patos, port of Los, xxvi

_Paves_ (Pabesse), 56

Pavon, Juan, 29, 241

Payaguas (Peijembas or Peyssennas), an Indian tribe, 23;
food of, 24, 25, 26;
slay Ayolas and his Spaniards, 27, 28, 103, 182;
parley with, 186;
chief of, 187;
flight of, 188, 193

Paysunóes, Indian tribe, 203, 230, 232

Pea-nuts. _See_ Mandubis

Peihoni, 66, 67

Peijembas. _See_ Payaguás

Peijssenas, probably the same as the Payaguás, 26, 66, 69 _seq._

Peischo Spaide. _See_ Swordfish

Pequiry R., tributary of Paraná, 118, 119, 126

Peralta, Francisco de, 241

Perobazanes, 265

Peru, xvi, xxvii;
mountains of, 19; 74, 75, 76;
sierras of, 265

Pesche-spate, or Peje-espada. _See_ Swordfish

Pesche de ferre, or Peces-sierras, 5, 87

Phillip II, King of Spain, xxix

Pilot, punishment of, 34

Pine-trees, great size of, 112;
fruit of, _ib._; 117

Pinzon, Vicente Yañez, 84

_Pique._ _See_ _Nigua_

_Piraputanas_, native name for shad, 229

Piratininga. _See_ San Paulo

Piseron. _See_ Pizarro

Pitfalls made by Indians, 21

Pizarro, El Marqués Don Francisco, 75;
historical note, _ib._

----, Gonzalo, his rebellion, 74, 75;
his beheadal, _ib._

Plate, river. _See_ Rio de la Plata

Polyphemus, fable of, xxxviii

Portugal, king of, xiv, 5, 81, 85, 88;
his vassals killed by natives, 104, 120, 262

Portuguese, 4, 5, 120

Portuguese territory, how delimited, xxi, 81

Potatoes, (Padades), 14, 25, 40, 41, 63;
three kinds of, 114

Potosi (called by Schmidt, Poduesis), 76

Priesiell. _See_ Brazil

Protestants, French, try to set foot in Brazil, xxix

Pupebaie, an Indian chief, 110

Purchas, his _Pilgrims_, xxiii

Q.

Quintana referred to, xxv

Quirandis, a tribe of Indians, 7, 8;
fight with, 8, 9, 11, 15

R.

Ramallo, Juan (called by Schmidt, Reinmelle), 84, 85;
historical note, _ib._;
his sons, _ib._;
his family the founders of the city of San Paulo, _ib._

Rasquin, Jaime, 240

Ray, wound inflicted by, 200;
its tail used for tattooing, 207

_Real Consejo de las Indias_, 262

Ribera, Francisco de, 41;
sent to Tapua, 221;
returns, 228;
his report, 229 _seq._, 230, 232, 233

----, Hernando de, 41, 42, 46, 49;
sent to explore, 225;
returns from his exploration, 236;
narrative of, 263-270

Rio Caliente, 216

Riogenea. _See_ Rio de Janeiro

Rio de Janeiro, xxviii;
meaning of the name, 5, 6;
by whom discovered, 5; 86, 99

Rio de la Plata, conquest of, xiii;
discovery of, xiv; xv, xvii, xviii, xxvi, xxx, xxxv, 1, 2, 6, 13,
19, 20;
government of, 32; 35, 42, 76;
province of, xx;
how divided, 81; 95, 100, 106, 120

Riodellaplata. _See_ Rio de la Plata

_Rio del Oro_, 193

_Rodela_, 56

Romero, Johann (or Juan), 12, 159;
left in command at Los Reyes, 215;
his report, 222

Rosario, xiv

Rossel, or Rosel, Peter, xxiv, xxix, 86;
mentioned by Hans Staden, _ib._;
receives Schmidt kindly, _ib._

Ruiz, Francisco, 243

Rutia, Miguel de, an officer sent by Irala to Peru, 75

S.

_Sabalos_, or shad, 229

Salazar, Captain Juan de, 6, 39, 146;
left as lieutenant of the governor, 177;
desired to complete the caravel, 178; 238, 256, 257

---- Juan de, a monk, 159, 259, 260

Salinas del Jaurú, 65, 72, 74

Salinas, Sancho de, 244

Salleisser. _See_ Salazar

Salt region, 72

Salvaischo, Lazarum, 6, historical note

Samacosis, or Surukusis, 37, 40, 41, 42, 51;
their town burnt, 51

San Antonio, cape, 6, 33

Sancte Augo. _See_ Santiago

San Fernando, Point, 33

San Francisco, colony of, xix;
river, island, and bay of, 99, 105

San Juan, river, 165

San Lucar de Barrameda, xviii, 2, 88

San Paulo (or Pablo) in Brazil, 85;
province of, xxiv, 99

San Thomé, island of, 50

San Vicente (or Santos), xv, xix, xxi, xxiv, xxviii;
capitania of, 36;
first Portuguese colony in Brazil, 84, 85, 86

Sancti Spiritus, xiv

Sanabria, Don Diego de, takes command on death of his father, xviii;
his armada dispersed, _ib._;
his unfortunate enterprize, xix

---- Don Juan de, appointed third adelantado of Rio de la Plata, xviii

Santa Catalina (or St. Catherine), island, xix, xx, xxii, xxvi, 32;
a possession of Spain, _ib._, 33, 35;
given to Cabeza de Vaca, 36; 99, 100, 101, 104, 105, 107;
province of, 108; 124, 127, 164

Santa Lucia, hills, 191

Santa Maria, cape, 6, 33;
distance from it to San Gabriel, Island, 34

---- Puerto de. _See_ Buenos Ayres

Santa Martha, sierras of, 265, 267

_Santiago_, battle-cry of Spaniards, 146

Santiago or St. Iago Island, one of the Cape Verd Islands, 4, 5, 50

_Schaubhut_, a fish, 5

Schelebethueba, 84

Scherues. _See_ Xarayos

Schetz or Schetzen, Heinrich, 88

Schetzen, Erasmus, xxiv, xxviii, xxix, 81, 85, 86

Schmidt, Ulrich, his lineage unknown, xiii _seq._;
agent of Flemish merchants, xv;
his name, _ib._;
first edition of his book, xvi;
period embraced by his voyage, xvii, xx;
links his fortune with Irala, xxvii;
not noticed by the chroniclers, _ib._, xxviii;
does not mention Hans Stade, xxix;
errors committed by, xxxiv;
Azara's opinion of, xxxv;
leaves Antwerp, 1;
arrives at Cadiz, _ib._;
at San Lucar, 2;
at island of La Palma, _ib._;
erroneous distances given by, 4;
historical notes, _ib._, 5;
arrives at Rio de la Plata, 6;
helps to found Buenos Ayres, 7 _seq._;
fights against Quirandis, _ib._;
ascends the Paraná, 12;
the Paraguai, 18;
fights against Agazes, 19;
and Carios, 21;
at Asuncion, 23;
takes part in expedition of Ayolas, 24 _seq._;
returns with Irala, 26;
descends the Paraguai and Parana, 28;
at Corpus Christi, 30;
at Buenos Ayres, 32;
sails for Santa Catalina, _ib._;
is shipwrecked, 34;
walks to San Gabriel, _ib._;
ascends the Parana, 35;
remains at Asuncion, _ib._;
records arrival of Cabeza de Vaca, 36;
takes part in Irala's expeditions, 37 _seq._;
his remarks on the Xarayos, 44;
on the Amazons, 45 _seq._;
marches through flooded land, 46 _seq._;
his booty, 49;
his observations on climate, 50;
astronomical errors of, 50 _seq._;
his remarks on Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca, 51 _seq._;
his illness, 53;
an accomplice in conspiracy against Alvar Nuñez, _ib._;
his remarks on native warfare, 54 _seq._;
takes part in military operations, 57 _seq._;
is disabled and rides on a sheep, 63;
captives and booty taken by, 65;
queer names given by, _ib._;
is selected for important duty, 69;
gains favour among the men, _ib._;
takes part in expedition to Peru, 71 _seq._;
his opinion of Pizarro, 74;
his remarks on Peru, 75;
on the fertility of the country, 77;
his share of slaves, 78;
receives letter from Seville, 80;
applies for leave of absence, _ib._;
letters and report delivered by, _ib._;
sets out on homeward journey, 81;
curious names of places mentioned by, _ib._;
comes to the Tapis, 82;
his account of that people, _ib._;
two of his companions killed, _ib._;
is attacked and defends himself, 83;
forests described by, 83;
fatigues endured by, 84;
arrives at San Vicente, 85;
is received by Peter Rossel, _ib._;
sails from San Vicente, _ib._;
puts into Espiritu Santo, 88;
arrives at Lisbon, _ib._;
posts to Seville, _ib._;
arrives at San Lucar, _ib._;
at Cadiz, _ib._;
narrowly escapes shipwreck, 90;
at Cadiz, _ib._;
sails for Holland, 91;
arrives at Isle of Wight, _ib._;
at Antwerp, _ib._

Schmidt, editions of his Voyage, xxii.
_See_ also Bibliography

Schue Eiiba Thuescha, 84

Segura, Pedro, 80

Segurola, Don Saturnino, his collection of MSS., xxiii

Seville, xiv, xv, xxiv, xxvi, xxviii, 2, 78, 80, 88, 241

Sheep, Indian, 15, 19, 25, 45, 56, 63, 68, 118

Siberis, 47, 48, 50, 68 _seq._

Sibylla. _See_ Seville

Sierra do Mar, 108

_Sierra_, meaning of the word, 116

Silver, pieces of, xiv;
crowns, 64.
_See_ also "Gold and silver"

Skins of tiger, tapir, deer, etc., 155

Smith, Buckingham, translation of Cabeza de Vaca's _Naufragios_,
referred to, xvii

Snake, monstrous, 16

Sococies, 191, 197, 202, 224

Socorinos, 224, 234

Solis, Juan Diaz de, xiv, 84

Solorzano, 240

Sosa, Hernando de, 247

Sousa, Martin Affonzo de, sent to Brazil, xiv;
factory established by, xxiv;
colony founded by, 85;
his captaincy and discovery, 120

----, Thomé de, xix

Spain, xxx;
propaganda against, power of, xxxi;
conquests of, how based, xxi

Spaniards discover Rio Janeiro, 5;
suffer from famine, 9 _seq._;
execution of three, 10;
ill-treated by their officers, 101, 103;
perilous position of, 126 _seq._;
their wars with natives, 131 _seq._;
drowned in crossing river, 139;
land and establishments of, 151;
critical situation of, 165;
escape the fire at Asuncion, 166;
their destitute condition, 167;
wounded by poisonous arrows, 173;
health of, 184;
wild fruit eaten by, 189;
suffer from fever, 233;
discontent of, 238

Spanish government, colonial policy of, xxx;
enemies of, xxxii

Spanish Jesuit missionaries, xxxiii

Spanish words Germanised, 24, 56

Stade, Hans, his narrative, xviii _seq._;
he is contemporary with Schmidt, _ib._;
by whom written, xxx;
not mentioned by Schmidt, xxix;
mistakes made by, 85, 86

St. Andrew's Day, 91

St. Anthony's Day, 85

St. Bartholomew's Day, 2

St. Domingo, island of, 261

St. Fernando, mountain of, 24, 40, 62;
position of, _ib._, 63, 65

St. Gabriel, island of, 6, 7;
distance from, to Cape Santa Maria, 34, 260

St. Hieronymus's Day, 88

St. Iago, island of, 97;
climate of, _ib._;
gold plentiful in, _ib._
_See_ Santiago

St. James's Day, 80

St. Jerome, cannibalism attributed to the Scotch in the time of,
xxxviii

St. John's Day, 12, 86

St. John's bread, 18, 24

_St. Mark_, name of brigantine, 197

Sthuesia river, possibly the Xejuy, or Ipané, 60

Stockades, 57

Suelapa, erroneous rendering of an Indian name, 30

Sugar factories in Brazil, 86

_Sumere_, or straw-fish, 87

Sun, house of the, 266

Surukufers. _See_ Samacosis

Surukusis. _See_ Samacosis

Swamps, difficult marching in, 208

Sword-fish, 5, 87

Symanni, 66, 67

T.

Tabaré, (Dabere or Thabere), brother of Aracaré, 38 _seq._; 58, 59;
submission of, 61

Tabellino, Diego, 37

Tabor, Indian chief, 132

Tamacoxas, also called Samacosis and Machkasis, 73, 76, 77

Tapapirazú, an Indian chief, 109

Tapis (Tapii), Toppis, or Tupys, the tribes inhabiting the south of
Brazil, xix, xxviii, 5, 81 _seq._ ethnological note;
their habits, 82;
their language, _ib._;
hostility of, 83, 216, 229

Tapuá, an Indian village, 137, 138, 178, 179

Tapuaguazú, 218, 219, 228, 230

Taquari river, tributary of Parana-pané, 111

Tarapecosies, a tribe, 231, 232

Tardes. _See_ Darts

Targets, made of skins, 56 _seq._

Teasel (_cardas_), used instead of hemp and thread, 155;
nets made of, 194

Teneriffe island, 2

Terceira, one of the Azores, 88

Teste de Terzero. _See_ Terceira

Thiembus. _See_ Timbus

Thistles used for food, 7, 48, 164

Thohanna, 66, 67

Thraso, the soldier in Terence's play of "The Eunuch", 52

Three Kings' Day, 91, 167

Tibagi river, affluent of Parana-panemá, 108

Tiger, man killed by, 126;
panic caused by, 143 _seq._;
skins of, 155

Timbus (Tyembus or Thiembus), an Indian tribe, described, 12 _seq._;
14, 15;
island inhabited by, 22;
chief of, killed by Spaniards, 29;
treachery of, 30 _seq._, 32

Tocanguasú, an Indian chief, 107; 108

Tocangusir, an Indian chief, 111

Tomina, 19

Tonina (tunny-fish), 87

Topyis. _See_ Tapis

Tordesillas, treaty of, xiv, xxi

Traveller's tree, the (_Urania speciosa_), 68

Truxillo, 244

Tucuman, 19

Tuguy, the place, 112, 113

Tupi, Tupis, Tupin, Tape. _See_ Tapis

Turkish corn or maize, 33, 37, 40, 63, 66

U.

Unhealthy country, 50

Ure, Martin de, 241, 253

Uretabere, village, 269

Urquaie. _See_ Uruguay

Ursa Major, constellation of, 51

Urtueses (Orthuses), 47;
mortality among, 48, 53, 265, 266

Uruguay river, 83

V.

Vaca, Cabeza de. _See_ Cabeza

Vaca, Pedro, 260

Valderas, Juan, notary, 264

Valdivieso, Sebastian, 270

Valladolid, xvii, 238

Valle, Pedro Diaz del, 244

Vanegas, Garcia, 52, 240, 245, 253;
threatens the governor's life, 257;
kisses the governor's feet, 260;
his terrible end, 262

Vardellesse, Germanised form of Spanish _fortaleza_, 24

Vera, Don Pedro, grandfather of Alvar Nuñez, xiii;
province named after, 36; 108

Vergara, Captain, 161

----, Francisco Ortiz de (called by Schmidt, Fergere), 79

Vicenda. _See_ San Vicente

_Viejo_, port, 234

Villegaignon takes possession of Rio de Janeiro, xxix

W.

Welzer, Jacob, xxiv, xxv, 2

West Indies, slaves introduced into, xxv

Weybingen, no village of that name, 24, 25

Whale, length and capacity of, 1

Whales, harm done by, 86 _seq._

Wiessay. _See_ Mbiaçá

Wight, Isle of, 91

Wild boar, 118, 216, 229

Wine made of the carob bean, 18;
of honey, 19, 63;
of maize, 230

Women, sale and barter of, 20

Worms, white (weevil), fried for food, 115

Wydt. _See_ Wight

X.

Xaqueses, 197, 234

Xaquetes, 191

Xarayos, Xarayes or Guarayos (Scherues), 40, 41, 43;
King of, 44, 46, 47, 50; 168, 205;
chief of, 207;
their dress, 209;
their habits, 211 _seq._;
country of, 213, 214, 217, 225, 226, 263, 265

_Xeme_, the measure, 200

Y.

_Yacaré_, a Guaraní word for the amphibious animals, 42

Yacareati River, 263, 265, 269

Yaiva River, 263, 265

Yapirús or Apirus, Yaperús (Jeperis or Naperus), a tribe of Payaguás,
26, 54, 56, 57, 61, 149, 153;
peace made with, 156;
deputation from, _ib._;
nomadic habits of, 157

Yeruquihaba (Juberich Sabaiie), 58, 59;
distance of, from Asuncion, 59, 81, 179

Ygatu. _See_ Yguatu

Yguaron, an Indian chief, 122

Yguatú River, affluent of Paraná, 117

Yguatú, probably Igatu, now Jaurú River, 195;
crosses erected at, 196, 225, 263, 265

Yguazú, Iguazú, or Iguassu River, affluent of Paraná, xxviii, 108,
118, 119;
fall of, 120 _seq._;
latitude of, 123

Ytabucú or Itapucú River, 105, 106

Z.

Zchemiaisch Saluaischo, a tribe of small people, 16, 17

Zchemui. _See_ Chanes

Zchera Wassu. _See_ Guazu

Zechuas, 11

Zechurias. _See_ Charuas

Zeeland, 91

Zeicho Lijemii, an erroneous rendering of a chief's name, 29

Zeyhannis, 66, 68