Chapter XXXVIII: Act I: Scene I.--An Indian Trading House (3)

The Representatives of the Freemen of the Province of Pennsylvania, in General Assembly met, being informed that you intend shortly to embark for England, and moved with a due Sense of the important Services you have rendered to his Majesty, his Northern Colonies in general, and to this Province in particular, during our late Wars with the French, and barbarous Indians, in the remarkable Victory over the savage Enemy, united to oppose you, near Bushy Run, in August, 1763, when on your March for the Relief of Pittsburg, owing, under God, to your Intrepidity and superior Skill in Command, together with the Bravery of your Officers and little Army; as also in your late March to the Country of the savage Nations, with the Troops under your Direction; thereby striking Terror through the numerous Indian Tribes around you; laying a Foundation for a lasting as well as honorable Peace, and rescuing, from savage Captivity, upwards of Two Hundred of our Christian Brethren, Prisoners among them. These eminent Services, and your constant Attention to the Civil Rights of his Majesty's Subjects in this Province, demand, Sir, the grateful Tribute of Thanks from all good Men; and therefore we, the Representatives of the Freemen of Pennsylvania, unanimously for ourselves, and in Behalf of all the People of this Province, do return you our most sincere and hearty Thanks for these your great Services, wishing you a safe and pleasant Voyage to England, with a kind and gracious Reception from his Majesty.

Signed, by Order of the House,
JOSEPH FOX, Speaker.

2. CONDITION AND TEMPER OF THE WESTERN INDIANS.

Extract from a letter of Sir William Johnson to the Board of Trade, 1764, December 26:--

Your Lordships will please to observe that for many months before the march of Colonel Bradstreet's army, several of the Western Nations had expressed a desire for peace, and had ceased to commit hostilities, that even Pontiac inclined that way, but did not choose to venture his person by coming into any of the posts. This was the state of affairs when I treated with the Indians at Niagara, in which number were fifteen hundred of the Western Nations, a number infinitely more considerable than those who were twice treated with at Detroit, many of whom are the same people, particularly the Hurons and Chippewas. In the mean time it now appears, from the very best authorities, and can be proved by the oath of several respectable persons, prisoners at the Illinois and amongst the Indians, as also from the accounts of the Indians themselves, that not only many French traders, but also French officers came amongst the Indians, as they said, fully authorized to assure them that the French King was determined to support them to the utmost, and not only invited them to the Illinois, where they were plentifully supplied with ammunition and other necessaries, but also sent several canoes at different times up the Illinois river, to the Miamis, and others, as well as up the Ohio to the Shawanese and Delawares, as by Major Smallman's account, and several others, (then prisoners), transmitted me by Colonel Bouquet, and one of my officers who accompanied him, will appear. That in an especial manner the French promoted the interest of Pontiac, whose influence is now become so considerable, as General Gage observes in a late letter to me, that it extends even to the Mouth of the Mississippi, and has been the principal occasion of our not as yet gaining the Illinois, which the French as well as Indians are interested in preventing. This Pontiac is not included in the late Treaty at Detroit, and is at the head of a great number of Indians privately supported by the French, an officer of whom was about three months ago at the Miamis Castle, at the Scioto Plains, Muskingum, and several other places. The Western Indians, who it seems ridicule the whole expedition, will be influenced to such a pitch, by the interested French on the one side, and the influence of Pontiac on the other, that we have great reason to apprehend a renewal of hostilities, or at least that they and the Twightees (Miamis) will strenuously oppose our possessing the Illinois, which can never be accomplished without their consent. And indeed it is not to be wondered that they should be concerned at our occupying that country, when we consider that the French (be their motive what it will) loaded them with favors, and continue to do so, accompanied with all outward marks of esteem, and an address peculiarly adapted to their manners, which infallibly gains upon all Indians, who judge by extremes only, and with all their acquaintance with us upon the frontiers, have never found any thing like it, but on the contrary, harsh treatment, angry words, and in short any thing which can be thought of to inspire them with a dislike to our manners and a jealousy of our views. I have seen so much of these matters, and I am so well convinced of the utter aversion that our people have for them in general, and of the imprudence with which they constantly express it, that I absolutely despair of our seeing tranquillity established, until your Lordships' plan is fully settled, so as I may have proper persons to reside at the Posts, whose business it shall be to remove their prejudices, and whose interest it becomes to obtain their esteem and friendship.

The importance of speedily possessing the Illinois, and thereby securing a considerable branch of trade, as well as cutting off the channel by which our enemies have been and will always be supplied, is a matter I have very much at heart, and what I think may be effected this winter by land by Mr. Croghan, in case matters can be so far settled with the Twightees, Shawanoes, and Pontiac, as to engage the latter, with some chiefs of the before-mentioned nations, to accompany him with a garrison. The expense attending this will be large, but the end to be obtained is too considerable to be neglected. I have accordingly recommended it to the consideration of General Gage, and shall, on the arrival of the Shawanoes, Delawares, &c., here, do all in my power to pave the way for effecting it. I shall also make such a peace with them, as will be most for the credit and advantage of the crown, and the security of the trade and frontiers, and tie them down to such conditions as Indians will most probably observe.

NOTE.

Of the accompanying maps, the first two were constructed for the illustration of this work. The others are fac-similes from the surveys of the engineer Thomas Hutchins. The original of the larger of these fac-similes is prefixed to the _Account of Bouquet's Expedition_. That of the smaller will be found in Hutchins's _Topographical Description of Virginia_, etc. Both of these works are rare.

_Index._

A.

Abbadie. See _D'Abbadie_.

_Abenakis_, some of them present at the battle of the Monongahela,
88, 114.

Abercrombie, General James, has a force of 50,000 men, 96;
fails in his attack on Ticonderoga, 98, 99.

Acadia ceded to the English crown, 79;
disputes respecting its boundaries, _ib._;
reduced by Col. Monkton, 92;
the inhabitants transported, _ib._

Albany, meeting of colonial delegates there, 83;
a rendezvous for Indian traders, 117.

_Algonquin_ family of Indians, found over a vast extent of territory,
35;
their inferiority to the Iroquois, 40;
points of distinction, _ib._;
their legends, 40;
and religious belief, 41;
Algonquin life, 38, 39.

Allegory uttered by Pontiac, 153-155.

Ambuscade at the Devil's Hole, 330;
a convoy lost there, 330;
another ambuscade, 331.

Amherst, Sir Jeffrey, afterwards Lord Amherst, takes Louisburg, 98;
also Ticonderoga and Crown Point, 100;
captures Montreal, 110;
sends a force to take possession of the western posts, 126;
his contempt and careless treatment of the Indians, 138 _note_,
147;
his letter to Major Gladwyn, 182 _note_;
his uncomfortable position, 297;
his inadequate comprehension of the Indian war, 298;
takes measures to reinforce the frontier garrisons, 299, 300;
hears of the murders near Detroit, 301;
determines on "quick retaliation," 301;
wishes to hear of no prisoners, 302;
his blustering arrogance, 303 _note_;
proposes to infect the Indians with small-pox, 304;
his anger at the feeble conduct of the Pennsylvania Assembly, 344;
resigns his office as commander-in-chief, 346;
his ignorance of Indian affairs, 388.

_Andastes_, swept away before the Iroquois, 32;
a remnant of them at Conestoga, 359 _note_.

Armstrong, Colonel, his expedition against the Indians on the upper
Susquehanna, 346.

_Atotarho_, name of the presiding sachem of the Iroquois: strange
legend concerning the first of the name, 23, 24.

B.

Baby, a Canadian near Detroit, supplies food to the garrison, 186;
scene between him and Pontiac, 193;
befriends the garrison, 214.

Ball-play, Indian, described, 250;
a prelude to the massacre at Michillimackinac, 250.

Barbarity, Indian, shocking instances of, 28, 61, 175, 176, 180
_note_, 201 _note_, 221, 252, 262, 290 _note_, 336, 337.

Bartram, John, the botanist, quoted, 26, 27 _note_.

Beaujeu, a French captain, leads a sortie of French and Indians
against Braddock's army, 88;
wounded in the fray, 90.

Bedford, Fort, repels an Indian attack, 283;
crowded with fugitives, 306;
reinforced, 317.

Beletre, captain, commandant at Detroit, 128;
surrenders to Major Rogers, 129.

Bird, Dr. Robert M., his story of "Nick of the Woods," 358.

_Blacksnake_, a Seneca warrior, 331 _note_.

Blane, Lieutenant Archibald, commands at Fort Ligonier, 306;
successfully defends the fort against an attack of the Indians,
308, 309;
vents his complaints of the service, 389.

Bloody Bridge fight, 229 _et seq._;
great loss of the English, 234.

Boscawen, Admiral Edward, captures a French squadron previous to a
declaration of war, 84;
and thus begins the war of 1755, 85;
the act condemned by English writers, 85 _note_.

Bouquet, Colonel Henry, his history, 297;
his letter to Sir Jeffrey Amherst, 295;
an excellent officer, 298;
his correspondence with Amherst and others about the war, 299 _et
seq._;
his "truculent letter" to Amherst about extirpating the Indians,
302;
hears of the destruction of the frontier garrisons, 302;
he will try to send the small-pox among the Indians, and proposes
to hunt them with English dogs, 304;
is displeased with the surrender of Presqu' Isle, 308;
complains of the negligence of the people of Pennsylvania, 310;
his campaign against the Indians, 315 _et seq._;
difficulties and dangers of the march, 317;
attacked by the Indians at Bushy Run, 319;
his masterly stratagem, 322;
and complete success, 323.
See _Appendix_ D.
Arrives at Fort Pitt, 325;
his dissatisfaction with the service, 390;
severely blames the government of Pennsylvania, 422;
sets out from Carlisle on an expedition against the Delawares and
Shawanoes, 424;
is displeased with Colonel Bradstreet, 424;
arrives at Fort Pitt, 426;
sends a message to the Delawares, 426;
good effect of the message, 427;
difficulties of the march through the woods, 427;
the troops cross the Muskingum, 428;
their number and fine appearance, 430;
the commander holds a council with the Delawares, 430;
his speech to them, 432-434;
effect of the speech, 434;
his decisive tone, 434;
the Indians submit and give up their captives, 435, 436;
number of the captives, 437;
meeting of friends long separated, 441-443;
some touching incidents, 443;
the troops, having accomplished their work, return home, 448;
Bouquet made a brigadier general, 449;
his death, 450.
See _Appendix_ F.

Braddock, General Edward, sails in command of a military force for
Virginia, 84;
his character, 86;
his duel with Gumley, 86 _note_;
his march through the wilderness, 87;
difficulties of the advance, _ib._;
the ambuscade, 89;
the battle, 90;
the utter defeat, 91;
Braddock's insane behavior, 92;
his death, _ib._;
the terrible carnage, _ib._;
the disgraceful rout, _ib._;
the unhappy results, 92, 93.

Bradstreet, Colonel John, captures Fort Frontenac, 78, 391;
his expedition against the north-western Indians, 392 _et seq._;
the troops leave Niagara and embark on Lake Erie, 399, 400;
he is shamefully duped by wily Indian foes, 401;
he is reprimanded by General Gage, 402 _note_;
arrives at Sandusky, 403;
his imbecility, 403;
reaches Detroit, 404;
returns to Sandusky, 413.

Brebeuf, Jean de, a Jesuit missionary, his appalling fate, 51.

Bushy Run, severe battle there with the Indians, 319 _et seq._;
the enemy repulsed, 323;
and totally routed, 323;
the losses on both sides, 324.
See _Appendix_ D.

C.

Cadillac, La Motte, founds Detroit, 159.

Cahokia on the Illinois, a French settlement, 57, 120, 459;
described, 499;
Pontiac killed there, 499, 500.

Calhoun, a trader, betrayed by the Indians, but escapes, 280, 281.

Campbell, Lieutenant George, killed with all his command at Niagara,
332 _note_.

Campbell, Captain, commands at Detroit, 137;
discovers an Indian plot, 137, 138;
second in command, 174;
treacherously detained in captivity by Pontiac, 179, 180;
exposed by Indians to the fire of English guns, 195;
cruelly murdered by the Indians, 221, 222.

Canada, a child of the church, 49;
settled under religious impulses, 50;
characteristics of the population, 47, 160;
the fur-trade, 48;
the true interest of the colony neglected, _ib._;
Jesuit missionaries in, 50;
want of energy in the common people, 53, 57;
advantages for intercourse with the Indian tribes, 59;
the colony suffers from the hostility of the Iroquois, 61;
Canada an object of the bitterest hatred to the English colonies,
and why, 79;
surrendered to the English arms, 109;
Canadians excite the Indians to attack the English, 134, 135, 240.

Canadians compared with the people of New England, 47-49;
their false representations of the English colonists, 141;
their character, 160;
unfriendly to the English after the conquest, 134, 135, 240.

Cannibalism of the Indians, 262.

Captives taken in war by the Indians, their treatment, 28, 61, 180
_note_, 445-448, 466 _note_;
sometimes they prefer to remain with the Indians, 446.

Carlisle, Pa., a frontier town in 1760, 279;
panic among the inhabitants, 311;
deplorable scenes there, 312;
many leave the place for Lancaster and Philadelphia, 313;
it becomes the outer settlement, 336 _note_.

Carver, Capt. Jonathan, the traveller, 166;
his account of the conspiracy of Pontiac, 166 _note_, 167;
other statements made by him, 236, 237 _note_;
his description of Minavavana, the Ojibwa chief, 264, 265 _note_;
his account of the death of Pontiac, 500 _note_.

_Cayugas_, one of the Five Nations, 20.
See _Iroquois_.

Champlain, Samuel de, attacks the Iroquois, 60;
the baleful consequences, _ib._.

_Cherokees_ attacked by the Iroquois, 74;
remain quiet during the Pontiac war, 356.

_Chippewa_ Indians. See _Ojibwa nation_.

Chouteau, Pierre, one of the first settlers of St. Louis, 463;
surprising changes witnessed by him, _ib._;
the author visits him, _ib._ _note_;
remembers seeing Pontiac, 463 _note_, 498.

Christie, Ensign, defends the fort at Presqu' Isle, 209-211;
surrenders, 212;
escapes and arrives at Detroit, 213;
a further account of the matter, 288 _note_.

Church, Roman Catholic, its zeal for the conversion of the Indians,
46.

Clapham, Colonel, murdered by the Indians, 280 _note_.

Colden, Governor of New York, refuses to have the Moravian Indian
converts brought within his province, 375.

Colonies of France and England, their distinctive traits, 46, 59.

Compton, Henry, bishop of London, advises William Penn to buy land of
the Indians, 69.

Conestoga, a settlement of friendly Indians, 359;
their manner of life, 360;
suspected of hostile practices, _ib._; a massacre there, 361.
See _Appendix_ E.

Conner, Henry, Indian interpreter, his statement respecting Pontiac's
birth, 139 _note_;
his account of the disclosure of the plans of Pontiac, 164-166.

Conference of Indians with Sir William Johnson at Niagara, 395;
they ask forgiveness, 398.

Conspiracy of the Indians against the English after the French war,
131;
its causes, 131;
the English neglect to cultivate their friendship, 133;
disorders of the English fur-trade, 133;
intrusion of settlers on the Indian lands, 133;
the arbitrary conduct of Sir Jeffrey Amherst, 147;
the discontent of the Indians artfully increased by the French,
134;
Indian plot to destroy the English, 137;
a great crisis for the Indian race, 140;
the conspiracy discovered, 165, 166;
treachery of Pontiac, 169-174;
the war begins, 175;
attack on the fort at Detroit, 177, 178;
negotiation, 179;
comes to no good result, 180 _et seq._

Conyngham, Redmond, publishes an account of the massacre at
Conestoga, 361 _note_.

Council of Indians summoned by Pontiac, 151 _et seq._;
appearance of Pontiac, 152;
his speech, 153 _et seq._;
council-house at Onondaga, 21 _note_, 26, 27.

"_Coureurs de bois_," or bush-rangers, 68, 160;
their degradation, _ib._;
and superstition, 68;
excite the Indians against the English, 135.

_Creek_ nation hostile to the English, 356.

Creoles along the Mississippi, their character and modes of life,
459.

Croghan, George, his representations to the Lords of Trade, 387;
they are disregarded, 389;
sent to negotiate with the western Indians, 475;
his convoy seized by the Paxton men, 476, 477;
at Fort Pitt he meets Indians in council, 480;
finds them undecided in their plans, 480;
descends the Ohio, 484;
is attacked by the Kickapoos, 485;
arrives at Vincennes, 485;
meets with Pontiac, who offers the calumet of peace, 486;
proceeds to Detroit, 487;
holds a council there with the Indians, 487-490;
his speech to the Ottawas, 488;
outdoes the Indians in the use of figurative language, 488, 489
_note_;
his complete success, 490.

Crown Point, a French fort erected there, 79;
plan for its reduction, 86;
the plan fails, 93;
another attempt, 99;
the fort evacuated, 100.

Cumberland County, Pa., settled by the Scotch-Irish, 335.

_Cusick_, a Tuscarora Indian, the historian of his tribe, 24, 25
_notes_.

Cuyler, Lieutenant, leaves Niagara with a reinforcement for Detroit,
198;
is attacked by Indians, 199;
fate of his detachment, 200.

D.

D'Abbadie, governor of the French, New Orleans, 472;
gives audience to the messengers of Pontiac, 473;
refuses aid, _ib._; dies, _ib._

_Dahcotah_, their estimated military strength, 265;
their hatred of the Ojibwas, 268;
their interference saves the English garrison at Green Bay, _ib._

Dalzel, Captain, leaves Niagara with a reinforcement for Detroit,
226;
attacked by the Indians, 227;
arrives at Detroit, _ib._;
his night attack on the Indians, 228;
his great bravery, 231;
falls in the action, 232.

Davers, Sir Robert, murdered by Indians, 176;
the transaction erroneously reported, 196.

_Delaware_ tribe of Indians, a brave and generous people, 36;
called also Lenni Lenape, 35;
the parent stem of the Algonquin tribes, _ib._;
subjugated by the Iroquois, 19;
recover their independence, 36;
their treaty with William Perm, 36, 70;
oppressed by his descendants, proprietors of Pennsylvania, 71-74,
84;
driven from their homes, 73;
some of them present at the battle of the Monongahela, 88;
in alliance with the French, 111;
attack the English settlements, 111;
their number estimated, 115;
where located in 1760, 116;
found at present beyond the Mississippi, 36;
incensed against the English, 134;
a Delaware prophet, his wide influence, 136;
the Delawares attack Fort Pitt, 284, 292;
attack a body of British troops at Bushy Run, 319;
are repulsed with great loss, 323;
moral effect of the affair, 326;
their hostile inroads in Pennsylvania, 345;
a party of them brought prisoners to Albany, 356;
their inveterate hostility, 410, 413;
their worthless promises, 414;
they sue for peace, 431-436.

Detroit founded, 159;
description of, 159, 160, 163;
held by a French garrison, 52, 57, 100, 126, 128;
it capitulates to the English, 129, 130;
its population at that time, 159;
character of its inhabitants, 160;
the fortifications, _ib._;
the British garrison in 1760, 163;
plan of Pontiac to seize the fort, 165, 166;
the plot revealed, 166;
See _Appendix_ C.
Pontiac in Detroit, 169 _et seq._;
attack on the fort 170, 171;
distress of the garrison, 185;
Detroit alone of all the frontier posts escapes capture by the
Indians, 204;
the garrison reinforced, 216;
Gladwyn holds a council with the Canadians, 216, 217;
his speech to them, 217;
Indian attempt to burn an armed schooner, 223;
the garrison again reinforced, 227; their numbers, 234;
a supply of provisions collected, 351;
the Ojibwas and other tribes ask for peace, _ib._;
the siege of Detroit abandoned, 353;
moral effect of the failure, 355;
the garrison continue to be harassed by Indian hostility, 404;
arrival of Bradstreet with a large military force, _ib._;
he meets the Indians in council, 405;
his absurd demands, 406;
gives great offence to the Indians, 407.

Devil's Hole, near Niagara, described, 330;
a convoy attacked there by Indians, _ib._;
the fearful issue, 331.

Dieskau, Louis Auguste, Baron, sails from Brest with troops for
Canada, 84;
his defeat at Lake George, 94-95;
wounded dangerously, but not mortally, 95, 96 _note_.

Dinwiddie, Robert, Lieutenant-Governor of Virginia, remonstrates
against French encroachment, 80.

_Dionondadies_, or Tobacco Nation, 30.

Dogs, proposal to hunt the Indians with them, 304;
the plan given in detail, 305 _note_.

E.

Easton, Pa., peace there made with the Indians, 111.

Ecuyer, Captain Simeon, commander at Fort Pitt, 279;
his letters to Colonel Bouquet quoted, 279, 280 _note_, 282, 284,
293;
his answer to the proposal to surrender, 285;
his answer to a similar and subsequent demand, 292;
his precautions for the safety of the fort, 295 _note_;
his gallant conduct, 294;
his discontent at the service, 390.

Elder, John, pastor at Paxton, Pa., his creditable military career,
343;
his report to Governor Perm, 343 _note_;
his character, 360;
preaches to armed men, _ib._;
endeavors to divert the Paxton men from their murderous design, but
in vain, 363;
his letter to Colonel Burd, 365 _note_.
See _Appendix_ E.

Eliot, Charles, brave action of his, 312.

English colonies, their characteristics as contrasted with those of
France, 46, 47, 48, 59, 64;
neglect to cultivate the friendship of the Indians, 65, 131;
plan for a union of these colonies, 83;
its failure, and the reason why, 84;
English colonies, their exposure to Indian hostility, in 1760, 147;
how far they extended at that time, 277.

English treatment of the Indians, 65, 131, 140, 147;
English parsimony towards them, 131.
See _Appendix_ B.
English fur-trade badly conducted, 133;
profligacy of the traders, _ib._;
treatment of the Indians by the soldiers in garrison, _ib._

_Eries_, Indian tribe, destroyed by the Iroquois, 32.

Etherington, Captain George, commands at Michillimackinac, 246;
is warned of danger, _ib._;
his disregard of the warning, _ib._;
his extreme carelessness, 250;
the massacre of his men, 251;
he is taken by the Indians, 206, 251;
his letters quoted, 205, 266;
how he passed the night after the massacre, 256, 257;
his complimentary letter to Colonel Bouquet on his promotion, 450.

F.

Fire, torture by, inflicted by Indians, 28, 51, 61, 201 _note_,
290, 303 _note_.

Fisher, Sergeant, murdered by the Indians, 175;
treatment of his body, _ib._

Forbes, General John, drives the French from Fort Du Quesne, 98,
111, 113.

Forest of the West, 114;
routes and modes of travel through it, 117-120;
the scattered Indian and French settlements, 115, 120;
the forest garrisons, 121;
hunters and trappers, 122.

Fort Du Quesne, built by the French, 86;
Braddock's approach to it, 87;
taken by General Forbes, 98, 113;
the fort destroyed and rebuilt, 278;
and the name changed to Fort Pitt, 118.

Fort Le B[oe]uf, taken by the Indians after a gallant defence, 287,
288.

Fort Ligonier, 279;
attacked by Indians, 283, 308, 309;
the fort is reinforced and holds out to the end, 316.

Fort Miami taken by the Indians, 207.

Fort Pitt, originally Fort Du Quesne, 118, 126;
its commanding position, 278;
built on the ruins of the old fort, 278;
two roads from it to the English settlements, 278;
exposed to danger from the Indians, 279, 285;
strength of the garrison, 284;
attacked by Indians, 285;
the Indians frightened and withdraw, 286;
the surrender of the fort twice demanded, 286, 292;
a vigorous attack by the Indians, 294;
the attack ineffectual, 295;
the fort reinforced and secured from further danger, 324, 325;
brief history of the siege by one of the garrison, 325 _note_.

Franklin, Benjamin, his account of the murder of Indians in Lancaster
jail, 364 _note_;
his energetic conduct in providing for the defence of Philadelphia,
377.

Fraser, Lieutenant Alexander, accompanies Croghan in an embassy to
the Indians, 475;
visits the country of the Illinois, 481;
his account of that country, 459 _note_;
is ill-treated and his life in danger, 481;
Pontiac saves his life, 482;
descends the Mississippi and arrives at New Orleans, _ib._

French colonies, their distinctive characteristics, 46 _et seq._;
devotion to the Romish church, 47, 48;
engaged in the fur-trade, 48;
their lack of energy, 53;
have an extended military frontier, 48, 56;
French plan to exclude the Anglo-Saxon race from the valley of the
Mississippi, 56;
French expeditions against the Iroquois, 60-62;
French influence among the Indians widely extended, 63, 65;
instances of French inhumanity, 65, 66;
complaisance towards
the savages, 66;
French blood mingles largely with Indian, 67, 163;
the French in the Ohio valley, 74;
obtain an influence over the Iroquois, 74, 75;
and over the Indians on the Ohio, 82;
occupation of Fort Du Quesne, 87;
driven from all their possessions in North America, 109;
French settlements in the Illinois valley, 120;
French policy towards the Indians, 132 _note_.
See _Appendix_ B.

Frontenac, Count, Governor of Canada, aids the enterprises of La
Salle, 55;
his expedition against the Iroquois, 61, 62;
cultivates the friendship of other Indians, 66;
burns alive an Iroquois prisoner, _ib._

Frontier of Virginia, 333;
of Pennsylvania, 334;
the frontiersman described, 333, 334.

Frontiers of the English provinces, 277;
how guarded, 277;
ravaged by the Indians, 296;
sufferings of the settlers, 306;
difficulties of communication between the outposts and the settled
country, 309;
the frontiers desolated, 335 _et seq._;
consternation of the settlers, 336;
fearful scenes enacted, 337 _et seq._;
general distress, 342;
the number slain or captivated during four months, 357;
the frontier people make loud complaints of neglect, 357;
their resentment against the Quakers, _ib._;
their intense hatred of the Indians, 358.
See _Appendix_ E.

Fur-trade as carried on from Canada, 48, 59, 63;
from the English colonies, 63, 68;
the _coureurs de bois_, renegades from civilization, 68;
fur-trade, mode of operation, 118;
equipment and character of the fur-trader, 119, 122;
difficulties, hardships, and dangers of the way, 119, 120;
the call for energy and courage, 121;
character and habits of the existing trapper and hunter in the far
west, 121, 122;
the white savage compared with the red, 121;
fur-trade as conducted by the English; its great faults, 133;
bad character of the English traders, 133;
French fur-traders inflame the resentment of the Indians, 134, 240.

G.

Gage, General Thomas, present at Braddock's defeat, 89;
receives a severe wound, 91;
his singular testimony concerning Pontiac, 191;
succeeds Amherst as commander-in-chief, 348;
sends a body of troops to Philadelphia, to protect it against the
Paxton rioters, 376.

Galissonniere, Count, his plan of French colonization, 57.

Gallatin, Albert, quoted, 18, 32, 33.

Gates, General Horatio, present at Braddock's defeat, 89;
severely wounded, 91.

Gladwyn, Major, commands at Detroit, 143, 157;
the hostile plans of Pontiac disclosed to him, 165;
his precautions, 167;
scene between him and Pontiac, 170, 171;
his letters to General Amherst, 172 _note_, 187 _note_;
suffers Pontiac to escape, 171, 172, 174;
refuses to abandon the fort, 184;
Pontiac in vain endeavors to terrify him, 216;
Gladwyn holds a council with the Canadians, 217-220;
his speech to them, 217;
obtains a supply of provisions, 351;
proposes to exterminate the Indians by a free sale of RUM, 352, 353
_note_.

Gladwyn, schooner, on her return to Detroit from Niagara, is attacked
by Indians, 235, 236;
gallant defence by the crew, 235;
saved by a desperate expedient, 236.

Glendenning, Archibald, killed by the Indians, 337;
masculine spirit of his wife, 338.

Gnadenhutten, Pa., a Moravian missionary station, destroyed, 367.

Goddard, an English fur-trader, 244.

Godefroy, a Canadian, summons Fort Miami to surrender, 208;
goes to Illinois as interpreter to an English embassy, 408;
saves Morris's life, 409;
stands firmly by his captain, 410-413.

Gordon, Lieutenant, commander at Fort Venango, 289;
tortured to death by the Indians, 290;
roasted alive during several nights, 303 _note_.

Gorell, Lieutenant J., extracts from his journal, 118;
commands at Green Bay, 265;
his important duties, _ib._;
his prudent conduct, 266;
his speech to the Menomonies, 266, 267;
embarks with his garrison, 268;
arrives at Montreal, 268.

Goshen, N. Y., false alarm there; its singular cause, 329.

Gouin, ----, a Canadian, cautions Gladwyn, 165;
endeavors the security of British officers, 179;
his account of transactions near Detroit, _Appendix_ C., 201
_note_.

Grant, Mrs. Anne, her erroneous account of the murder of Sir Robert
Davers, 196 _note_.

Grant, Captain, in the disastrous affair at Bloody Bridge, 229, 230,
233.

Gray, Captain, falls in the fight at Bloody Bridge, 232.

Gray, a soldier at Presqu' Isle, 286;
escapes massacre, 287.

Gray, Thomas, his "Elegy in a Country Church-Yard," repeated by
Wolfe, the night before his death, 104.

Green, Thomas, a trader, slain by the Indians, 281 _note_.

Green Bay, a French settlement, 52, 57;
taken possession of by the English, 130;
its early history, 239;
an important post, 265;
abandoned by its commander, but its garrison preserved 267, 268.

Greenbrier, Va., attack on, 337.

"Griffin," the first vessel built on the upper lakes, 54;
her voyage on Lakes Erie and Huron, _ib._

H.

Heckewelder, John, Moravian missionary, relates a curious story of
the superstitious regard of Indians for insane persons, 283.

Hendrick, the Mohawk chief, slain at the battle of Lake George, 94.

Henry, Alexander, pioneer of the English fur-trade in the extreme
North-west, 241;
his adventures, 241;
his interview with an Ojibwa chief, 241-243;
attacked by a party of Ottawas, 244;
an Ojibwa chief takes a liking to him, 246;
and warns him of danger, 247;
escapes the massacre at Michillimackinac, 252;
his account quoted, 251-255;
his extreme danger, 253;
his life spared, and the manner thereof, 252 _et seq._;
his further adventures, 256-258, 263;
painted and attired like an Indian, 264;
extract from Henry's Travels, 395, 396;
he is delivered from captivity and brought safely to Niagara, 400.

_Hodenosaunee_, the Indian name for the Five Nations, 19.

Holmes, Ensign, commander of Fort Miami, discovers a plot of the
Indians against the English, 143;
the fort is taken, and he is killed by the Indians, 207.

Hopkins, Mr., of Wyoming, escapes the massacre there, 347, 348.

Howe, Lord, killed at Ticonderoga, 98.

Hughes, John, of Lancaster, Pa., details of his plan to hunt the
Indians with dogs, 305 _note_.

_Hurons_ or _Wyandots_, their population, 30;
had characteristics in common with the Iroquois, 31;
their utter ruin and dispersion, 32;
present at Braddock's defeat, 88;
their population estimated, 115;
their energy, 117;
a conquered people, 114.

I.

Iberville, Lemoine d', founds the colony of Louisiana, 56.

_Illinois_ nation of Indians, 37;
tribes of which that nation was composed, 501 _note_.

Illinois River, the region described, 452 _et seq._;
its early colonization, 456-458;
character of the first settlers, 458;
the population, its numbers and location, 459;
the Indians of that country, 460, 461;
the English take possession of Fort Chartres, and of the Illinois
country, 471, 491.

Insanity, persons laboring under it, superstitious regard of Indians
for, 283.

Indian summer described, 353, 354.

Indians, their general character, 15;
all live by the chase, _ib._;
their pride and self-consciousness, 15;
they cannot endure restraint, _ib._;
influence of the sachems, what, _ib._;
distinction between the civil and military authority, _ib._;
the Indian inflexibly adheres to ancient usages, 17;
division into clans, _ib._;
the _totems_, or symbols of the clans, _ib._;
peculiar character of the clan, _ib._;
its privileges, 18;
division of the Indian population into three great families, _ib._;
their dwellings and works of defence, 25;
their mode of life, 27;
their legendary lore, 40;
and religious belief, 41;
the unity of God unknown to them, 42;
the Indian character often mistaken, _ib._;
the Indian strangely self-contradictory, _ib._;
his character summed up, 43-45;
treatment of Indians by the French, 64-67;
by the English, 63;
by William Penn, 69;
by his sons, 71;
by the Quakers, 70, 71;
attitude of the Indian tribes towards the English in 1755, 78;
their alarm at the appearance of the French on the waters of the
Ohio, 82;
the French conciliate them, 83;
effect on them of Braddock's defeat, 92;
attached to the French interest, 114;
estimate of the Indian population in 1760 in the present territory
of the United States, 115;
striking instance of Indian acuteness, 123 _note_;
their feelings at the surrender of Detroit, 129;
intense hatred of the English takes possession of the Indians, 131;
its manifestations, _ib._;
treatment of the Indians by the English, 131, 132 _note_, 141;
plot formed for the destruction of the English, 137, 138;
their imperfect preparation for the war, 145;
defects of their social system, _ib._;
without any central authority, _ib._;
their chiefs had no power but of advice and persuasion, 146;
Indians will not submit to restraint or discipline, _ib._;
they are capricious and unstable, _ib._;
often desert their leaders, 146;
they are formidable in small detached parties only, _ib._;
they are fond of war and ready to engage in it, _ib._;
they never fight but when sure to win, 147;
alert and active, crafty and treacherous, they cause wide-spread
havoc, but carefully avoid collision with a foe, _ib._;
Indians prone to quarrel, 151;
Indian council, 151 _et seq._;
war-dance, 176;
Indian attack on Detroit, 177 _et seq._;
idea of military honor, 184;
courage, 185;
sad effect of whiskey, 200;
Indians fight from ambush, 198;
Indian barbarity.
See _Barbarity, Indian_.
Indians attempt to destroy an armed schooner, 223;
their prolonged blockade of Detroit, 224;
a curious instance of Indian friendship, 246;
Indian ball-play, 250;
fearful massacre by Indians at Michillimackinac, 251 _et seq._;
cannibalism, 262;
revulsion of feeling, 262, 264;
Indian faithlessness, 147, 250, 281, 282;
Indians fight in ambuscade, 330, 344;
cannot stand before border riflemen, 344;
great conference of Indians at Niagara, 395 _et seq._;
veneration of Indians for the rattlesnake, 395 _note_;
to some white people Indian life has charms, 446;
Indians of the Illinois, 460;
council of Indians meet Sir William Johnson at Johnson Hall, 327;
again at Niagara, 395;
council at Detroit, 487-490;
Indians are pleased when white men adopt their figurative language,
489 _note_.

_Iroquois_, or Five Nations, afterwards Six Nations, 19;
the term often applied to the entire family of which they were a
part, _ib._;
their extended conquests, _ib._
See _Appendix_ A.
Causes of their success, 20;
tribal organization, _ib._;
their manner of conducting public business, 21;
divided into eight clans, _ib._;
great power of this system, _ib._;
descent of the sachemship in the female line, 22;
extensive prevalence of this custom, _ib._ _note_;
origin of the Iroquois, 23;
Indian tradition concerning it, 23, 24;
their fantastic legends, 24, 25;
rude state of the arts among them, 25;
their agriculture, _ib._;
their fortifications and strongholds, _ib._;
their dwellings, 26;
their life of excitement, 27;
preparation for war, 28;
return from war, _ib._;
fiendish cruelty, _ib._;
their boundless pride, 29;
military strength, _ib._;
destroy the Hurons, 31;
and several other Indian nations, _ib._;
their cruel treatment of captives, 32;
their licentiousness, 33;
their god of thunder, 41;
attack made on them by Champlain, 60;
they become the irreconcilable foes of the French colonies, _ib._;
their attack on Montreal, 61;
their extreme ferocity, _ib._;
expedition of Frontenac against them, 61, 62;
their rancor abates, 62;
irritated against the English and why, 74;
influence over them gained by Sir William Johnson, 76.
See _Appendix_ A.
They assume to dispose of lands in Pennsylvania, 72, 83;
treaty of alliance with them, 84;
they induce the Delawares to make peace with the English, 111;
flock to the British standard, 114;
estimate of their numbers, 115;
what their approach to civilization, 116;
meet Sir William Johnson in council, and are restrained by him from
war against the English, 327;
the Senecas already at war with them, 137, 142, 290, 296, 327;
the Iroquois send a message to the Delawares, exhorting them to
bury the hatchet, 328;
a war-party of the Iroquois goes out to fight the Delawares, 356;
their success, _ib._

J.

Jacobs, mate of schooner Gladwyn, orders the vessel blown up, 235;
lost in a storm, 236 _note_.

Jamet, Lieutenant, at Michillimackinac slain by the Indians, 251,
266.

Jenkins, Lieutenant Edward, taken prisoner by the Indians, 206;
his letter, 207 _note_.

Jesuit missionaries in Canada, 50 _et seq._;
their religious zeal and enterprise, 51;
their sufferings, 52;
slender results, _ib._;
lead the van of French colonization, _ib._;
the firm auxiliaries of French power, _ib._

Jogues, Isaac, a Jesuit missionary, a captive among the Iroquois,
51;
tortured by them, _ib._;
his death, _ib._

Johnson, Sir William, settles on the Mohawk River, 76;
trades with the Indians, _ib._;
acquires great influence over them, _ib._
See _Appendix_ A.
Becomes a major-general and a baronet, 76;
repeatedly defeats the French, 77, 93-96, 100;
his death, 77;
his good and bad qualities, _ib._;
his noble figure, 493;
his estimate of the Indian population, 115;
his annoyance from Indians, 118 _note_;
his statement of the French policy toward the Indians and its
results, 132 _note_;
his letters quoted, 65 _note_, 328 _note_;
his influence keeps the Indians around him quiet, 296;
convokes a council of the Six Nations and persuades them not to
attack the English, 327;
arms his tenantry, 329;
their numbers, 328 _note_;
offers fifty dollars each for the heads of two noted Delaware
chiefs, 355;
sends messengers to the north-western tribes, 392;
meets a conference of Indians at Niagara, 395 _note_;
his interview with Pontiac at Oswego, 492 _et seq._;
his address, 494;
his indecision at the outbreak of the Revolution, 77;
his death, _ib._

Johnston, Captain, cut off with nearly all his men, 331, 332 _note_.

Jonois, a Jesuit priest, 205;
commended for humanity, 206, 256, 257, 259;
visits Detroit, 205, 259.

K.

Kaskaskia, a French settlement, 57, 120.

Kickapoos attack George Croghan, 484, 485.

L.

L'Arbre Croche, a settlement of the Ottawa Indians, 244, 258, 259,
268.

La Butte, interpreter to Major Gladwyn at Detroit, 171;
goes with a message to Pontiac, 178;
his fidelity suspected, 182;
Major Gladwyn confides in him, 187 _note_.

Laclede, Pierre, the founder of St. Louis, 463.

Lake George, called Lac St. Sacrement, 97;
battle of, 93-96;
the lake described, 97;
the scene of active warfare, _ib._

Lallemant, Gabriel, missionary among the Hurons, tortured with fire,
51;
his lingering death, _ib._

Lancaster, Pa., jail, Indians lodged there for safety, 362;
the jail broken open and the Indians killed, 363, 364;
an account of the affair by Franklin, 364 _note_.

Langlade, Charles, a resident at Mackinaw 251;
a witness of the massacre and careless about it, 252, 253;
kindness of his wife, 254;
he surrenders Mr. Henry to his pursuers, 255;
saves Henry's life, 256;
his heartlessness, 257;
he and his father the first white settlers in Wisconsin, 251
_note_.

La Salle, Robert Cavelier de, his great design, 53;
his character, 54;
builds his first vessel on the upper lakes, _ib._;
his voyage on Lakes Erie and Michigan, _ib._;
penetrates the region of the Illinois, 55;
his difficulties and embarrassments, _ib._;
descends the Mississippi, _ib._;
reaches its mouth, and takes possession of the whole immense valley
for Louis XIV, 56;
ruin of his final expedition, _ib._;
his death, _ib._;
a further account of him, 456, 457.

La Verandrye attempts to reach the Rocky Mountains, 63;
penetrates to the Assinniboin River, _ib._

Legends of the Iroquois, their monstrous character, 24, 25, 40;
of the Algonquins, 41, 42.

_Lenni Lenape_, see _Delawares_.

Leslie, Lieutenant, at Michillimackinac, 250;
taken by the Indians, 251, 268.

Loftus, Major, his abortive attempt to ascend the Mississippi, 469,
470.

Loskiel, Moravian missionary, quoted, 282.

Louisiana colonized, 56.

M.

Macdonald, James, of Detroit, his account of the detention of two
British officers, 181 _note_;
his account of the death of Capt. Campbell, 222 _note_.

McDougal, Lieutenant, of Detroit, visits the Indian camp and is
treacherously seized, 179;
the McDougal MSS. quoted, 189;
escapes, 222.

McGregory, Major, attempts the fur-trade, but fails, 63.

Meloche, at his house two British officers are confined, 181, 187;
further notice of the house, 230.

_Menomonies_, their location, 265;
friends of the English in Pontiac's war, 268.

_Miami_ nation of Indians, 37;
friendly to the English, 78;
retained their ancient character, 117.

Miami fort. See _Fort Miami_.

Michillimackinac, a French settlement and fort, 52, 57;
taken possession of by the English, 130;
captured by the Indians, 205;
the approach to it described, 238;
description of the place itself, 239, 249, 263;
import of the name, 239;
tradition concerning the name, 263 _note_;
early history of the place, 239;
its population in 1763, _ib._;
Indian tribes in the vicinity, 240;
they join in the conspiracy of Pontiac, 245;
strength of the garrison at the time, 245;
warnings of danger, 246;
the evening before the massacre, 247;
the morning of the massacre, ball-play, 249;
the massacre, 251;
shocking scenes, 252;
followed by an Indian debauch, 256;
the Indians leave the place, 264.
See _Appendix_ C.

Military honor, Indian idea of it, 146, 184.

Minavavana, the great Ojibwa chief, called also the Grand Sauteur,
241;
his interview with Alexander Henry, 241-243;
his character and influence, 245;
leads the attack on Michillimackinac, 259;
his speech to the Ottawas, _ib._;
releases Mr. Henry, 261;
description of him from Carver's Travels, 264 _note_;
comes to Detroit to ask for peace, 487.

Missionary labors among the Indians by the Jesuits, 50 _et seq._,
64;
by the English, 64.

_Mohawks_, attack the Penobscot Indians, 19 _note_.

"Mohog all devil!" 19 _note_.

Mongrel population, French and Indian, 68, 163.

Monkton, General, reduces Acadia, 92;
commands under Wolfe in the expedition against Quebec, 103;
in command at Fort Pitt, 126.

Monongahela River, passage of by Braddock's army, 87, 89;
Battle of, 90-92.

Montcalm (Louis Joseph de St. Veran), Marquis of, takes Oswego, 97;
captures Fort William Henry, _ib._;
repels the attack of General Abercrombie on Ticonderoga, 98, 99;
commands the army in opposition to Wolfe, 101;
his defeat and death, 109.

Montour, Captain, makes a successful inroad upon the Indians, 356.

Montreal, attack on it by the Iroquois, 61;
surrenders to the English forces, 110.

Moravian missions in Pennsylvania, 367;
the converts involved in danger from both the French and the
English, _ib._;
murder of some of them, 368;
the mission broken up and the converts removed to Philadelphia,
369;
sent thence to New York, 374, 375;
insulted by the mob, 369;
not allowed to enter New York or to stay in New Jersey, 375;
brought back to Philadelphia, 376;
remain there a whole year, 385.

Morris, Captain, goes on an embassy to the Illinois country, 407;
his interview with Pontiac, 408;
holds a council with the Indians, 409;
encounters a band of savage warriors, 410;
he is a captive among the Indians, 411;
expects to be tortured, 412;
is released, _ib._;
abandons his mission and returns to Detroit, 413;
reference to his published journals, _ib._;
returns home, meeting with disaster on the way, 415, 416.

N.

_Neutral Nation_, why so named, 30;
their destruction by the Iroquois, 31.

New England, population contrasted with that of Canada, 47 _et
seq._;
their energy and patient industry, 48;
did not obtain Indian lands but by purchase, 70 _note_.

New York, Province of, suffers from Indian hostilities, 328.

Niagara, French fort there, 46, 57, 62;
attack on it by the English, 77;
failure of the attack, 92;
another attempt, 99;
the fort surrenders, 100;
great conference of Indians there, 395 _et seq._

O.

Ohio River, no Indians dwelt on its banks, 120.

Ohio Company, formed, and for what purpose, 80.

Ohio Valley, proposal to secure it for the English, 80;
French settlements there, 57;
further encroachments, 74, 80 _et seq._;
alarm of the Indians of that vicinity, 82;
Ohio Indians at war with the English, 111;
estimate of their numbers, 115;
the Ohio valley described as it was in 1760, 114 _et seq._;
its population, 114 _et seq._;
routes of travel, 117;
modes of travel, 117-120.

_Ojibwa_ nation of Indians, 38;
check the career of Iroquois conquest, _ib._;
their modes of life, 39;
sufferings in winter, _ib._;
some of them present at the battle of the Monongahela, 88;
join Pontiac in his attack on the English, 177, 186;
notice of their village on Mackinaw, 240;
a party of them described, 241;
interview with Alexander Henry, 241-243;
their slaughter of the English garrison at Michillimackinac, 250
_et seq._;
hated by the Dahcotahs, 267;
the Ojibwas ask for peace, 351;
they consult their oracle, 393;
the answer received, 394;
peace concluded, 399.

_Oneidas_, a tribe united in confederacy with four others, 20.
See _Iroquois_.

Onondaga, council-house at, 21 _note_;
description of it, 26, 27 _note_, 115.

_Onondagas_, a tribe included in the Confederacy of the Five Nations,
20.
See _Iroquois_.

Oswego, an English fort there, 63;
taken by the French, 66, 97, 113.

_Ottawas_, 38;
present at the battle of the Monongahela, 88;
led by Pontiac, _ib._;
their village near Detroit, 163;
their attack on Detroit, 177, 180;
notice of their village near Mackinaw, 240;
a party of them visit Mackinaw and threaten English fur-traders,
244;
take English prisoners from the Ojibwas, 258;
a party of them take possession of Michillimackinac, 258;
collision with the Ojibwas, 258 _et seq._;
they incite the Delawares to war against the English, 285;
the Ottawas refuse to bury the hatchet, 352;
they meet Sir William Johnson at Niagara and make peace, 398;
at Detroit they meet George Croghan for a like purpose, 488.

Ourry, Captain Lewis, commander at Fort Bedford, 306;
his slender force, 306, 307;
his correspondence with Col. Bouquet, _ib._

Owens, David, diabolically kills and scalps his own Indian wife and
several of her relations, 419, 422.

P.

Paully, Ensign, a captive to the Indians, 202;
adopted as one of them, 203;
makes his escape, 221.

Paxton, in Pennsylvania, character of its inhabitants, 359;
its worthy minister, John Elder, 360;
a party of men proceed from this place and murder six friendly
Indians, 360 _et seq._;
the survivors of the massacre lodged in Lancaster County jail, 362.
See _Appendix_ E.
The act causes great excitement, 365;
the deed justified from Scripture, 366;
the rioters march on Philadelphia to kill the Moravian converts,
373;
alarm of the citizens, 374, 378;
measures for defence, 377;
treaty with the rioters, 381;
they withdraw, 382;
a party of them make prize of Croghan's goods, 476, 477;
they escape punishment and set the government at defiance, 478.

Pawnee woman saves the life of Alexander Henry, 252;
the Pawnee tribe, 252 _note_.

Penn, William, his treatment of the Indians, 69;
pays twice for his lands, 70 _note_;
his sons pursue a contrary policy, 70.

Pennsylvania, treatment of the Indians in, 69 _et seq._;
the "walking purchase," 71;
shameful conduct of the proprietors, 72, 83;
Pennsylvania wasted by Indian war, 111;
extent of its settlements in 1760, 278;
the province refuses aid to its defenders, 310, 316;
distress of the inhabitants on its frontier, 313;
the frontier described, 334;
origin and character of the inhabitants, _ib._;
the frontier settlers betake themselves to flight before Indian
ravage, 336;
general distress, 342;
measures of defence opposed by the Quakers in the Assembly, 343;
warfare along the Susquehanna, 346 _et seq._;
contests of the Assembly with the proprietary governors, 349;
vigorous measures at length adopted, 376.

Penobscot Indians attacked by the Mohawks, 19 _note_.

Philadelphia, a place of outfit for the Indian trade, 118;
the Moravian converts removed thither, 369;
great alarm felt at the approach of the Paxton boys, 373;
the people called to arms, 377;
extreme excitement, 378;
treaty with the rioters, 381.
See _Appendix_ E.

Picquet, a Jesuit missionary, 52;
engages in military enterprises, 75.

Pittman, Captain, does not ascend the Mississippi, 470, 471.

Pittsburgh (Fort Du Quesne) occupied by the English, 81;
by the French, 87;
its capture by General Forbes, 98.

Pontiac, his origin, 139 _note_;
leads the Ottawas out in the attack on Braddock's force, 88, 139;
his interview with Rogers, 127;
his haughty behavior, 128;
his character, 128, 164, 173;
submits to the English, 127, 128;
his extensive influence among the Indians, 138;
his commanding energy, 139;
a fierce, wily savage, 139, 164, 173;
his great qualities, 139, 192;
his enduring fame, 193;
in alliance with the French, 139;
sends ambassadors to excite the Indians over all the West, 141;
listens to the falsehoods of the Canadians, 141;
resolves on war with the English, _ib._;
the proposal accepted, 142;
he collects a multitude of Indians in a council, 151;
his appearance, 152;
his speech, 153 _et seq._;
allegory told by him, 153-155;
his plan for an attack on Detroit, 156, 157;
performs a calumet dance within its walls, 157;
Pontiac at home, 164;
his plan to seize Detroit, 165, 166;
the plot revealed, 166. See _Appendix_ C.
Pontiac admitted to the fort, 170, 174;
finds that his designs are known, 171;
his treachery, 172, 173;
scene between him and Gladwyn, 171, 172, 173;
Gladwyn permits him to escape, 172, 173;
Pontiac throws off the mask, 174;
the war begins, 175;
Pontiac enraged, 176;
the war-dance, _ib._;
attack on the fort, 177, 178;
his duplicity, 179;
detains two British officers, 181;
threatens to burn Gladwyn alive, 186;
visited by a deputation of Canadians, 187-190;
his speech to them, 188-190;
provides supplies of food for his followers, 190;
issues promissory notes for the payment, 191;
is desirous of learning war from Europeans, _ib._;
General Gage's account of him, 191;
Major Rogers's account, 192;
account of him by William Smith, 192 _note_;
his magnanimity illustrated by anecdotes, 193, 194;
number of his followers, 203;
tries to terrify Gladwyn into a surrender, 216;
sends messengers to the Indians of Mackinaw, 245, 263;
his long-cherished hopes of assistance from France come to an end,
352;
his message to Gladwyn announcing this result, 352;
abandons the siege of Detroit, 353;
his interview with Captain Morris on the Maumee River, 408, 409;
his hopes crushed, but his spirit whole, 465;
goes to the Illinois country, _ib._;
is aided by the French settlers there, 466;
they deceive him with hopes of aid from France, 466;
Neyon, the French commandant, discourages him, 467;
rouses the tribes of the Illinois to war, 468;
sends messengers, with similar intent, to the Indians in Southern
Louisiana, 471;
and to New Orleans, 472;
they return without success, 474;
Pontiac saves the life of Lieutenant Fraser, 481;
seizes a cargo of English goods, 483;
his followers forsake him, and he finds that all is lost, 483;
offers the English envoy, Croghan, the calumet of peace, 486;
his speech to the Indian tribes assembled at Detroit, 489;
meets Sir William Johnson at Oswego, 493;
promises a full compliance with the English demands, 496;
still supposed to cherish thoughts of vengeance, 497;
visits St. Louis, 498;
appears in French uniform, _ib._;
his assassination at Cahokia, 499, 500;
buried near St. Louis, 500;
his death avenged, 501.
See _Appendix_ B. and C.

Post, Christian Frederic, a Moravian missionary, visits the Ohio
Indians to detach them from the French interest, 112;
extracts from his journal, 112 _note_;
succeeds in his errand, 113.

Pothier, a Jesuit priest, endeavors to restrain the Wyandots from
hostilities, 183.

_Pottawattamies_, kindred of the Ojibwas, 38;
located near Detroit, 129, 163;
and near the head of Lake Michigan, 204.

Presbyterians of Pennsylvania, their stiffness of character, 335;
hated by the Quakers, 366;
the Quakers hated by them, 377;
mutual recrimination, 384.
See _Appendix_ E.

Presqu' Isle, on Lake Erie, fortified by the French, 80, 121;
occupied by the English, 126;
taken by the Indians, 208;
a false report respecting the capture, 286.

Price, Ensign George, commander at Fort Le B[oe]uf, 287;
his gallant but unavailing defence, 288, 289;
arrives at Fort Pitt, 287, 290.

Prideaux, General, killed at Niagara, 100.

Prophet, among the Delawares: his wide influence, 136;
excites the Indians to war, _ib._;
exhorts them to bury the hatchet, 480.

Q.

Quakers of Pennsylvania: their treatment of the Indians, 69;
anticipated in their policy by the Puritans of New England, 70;
their love of the Indians runs to dangerous extremes, 71;
persuade the Indians to cease their hostilities, 111;
Quaker assemblymen oppose measures of defence, and justify the
Indians in their raids on the settlements, 343, 348;
their own security due to their remoteness from the scene of
danger, 348;
the Quakers alarmed at the approach of the Paxton men, 373;
their dilemma, 373;
they concur in measures for the defence of Philadelphia, 377;
and thus abandon their favorite principle.

Quaker principles no security from the tomahawk, 348 _note_.

Quebec, strongly fortified, 100;
surrenders to the English, 109.

R.

Rangers, description of this species of force, 124;
their services, 124;
their reputation, _ib._;
a body of them under Rogers sent to take possession of the western
posts, 126.

Rattlesnake superstitiously venerated by the Indians, 395 _note_, 456
_note_.

Robertson, Captain, murdered by Indians, 176.

Rogers, Major Robert, commander of the Rangers, 124;
described, 124;
wanting in correct moral principle, 125;
tried for meditated treason, _ib._;
his miserable end, _ib._;
his published works, 125, 126 _note_.
See _Appendix_ B.
Sent to take possession of the Western posts, 126;
passes up Lakes Ontario and Erie, _ib._;
his interview with Pontiac, 127;
his statements respecting the detention of two British officers,
181, 182 _note_;
his account of Pontiac, 192;
Rogers and Pontiac, 193;
comes to Detroit with a reinforcement, 227;
engaged in the fight at Bloody Bridge, 231, 232, 233.

"Royal Americans," a regiment so denominated, 298;
of what material composed, _ib._

Rum: a proposal to exterminate the Indians by the free sale of this
article, 353 _note_.

S.

Sacs and Foxes, their location, 265;
defeated by the French near Detroit, 189 _note_;
a party of Sacs visit Michillimackinac, 249.

Sandusky, fort, captured by the Indians, 203.

Sault Ste. Marie, a military post, 239;
abandoned by the English, 265.

Schlosser, Ensign, taken prisoner by Indians, 204, 205.