Chapter XVI: Part 16

4. France (Paris, 1470: Lyon, not after 1473).

5. Netherlands (Utrecht, about 1471–3: Alost, 1473).

6. Austro-Hungary (Buda-Pesth, 1473: Trient, 1475).

7. Spain (Valencia, 1474: Saragossa, 1475).

8. England (Westminster, 1477: Oxford, 1478: St. Alban’s, 1480
[1479?]: London, 1480).

9. Denmark (Odensee, 1482: Schleswig, 1486).

10. Sweden (Stockholm, 1483: Wadsten, 1495).

11. Portugal (Lisbon, 1489: Leiria, 1492).

12. Montenegro (Cettinje, 1494).

* * * * *

It is hoped that the above summary statement of the arguments for and against the date of the Jerome will serve to make the present position of the question clear. What general conclusion can be arrived at before further facts are discovered? Caxton, who began to print in England in 1477, nowhere claims to have introduced printing into England. Is it still conceivable that Oxford preceded Westminster by nine years? The answer is that it is still conceivable, but not probable. The ground has been slowly and surely giving way beneath the defenders of the Oxford date, in proportion to the advance of our knowledge of early printing, and all that can be said is that it has not yet entirely slipped away. All the new contributions to the argument and all the chief bibliographers are against it, while no fresh defending forces are in sight. But it is still allowable to assert that the destructive arguments, even if we admit their cumulative cogency, do not at the present time amount to proof.

In the venerable building at the north-east corner of St. Mary’s Church at Oxford—the old House of Congregation, which, though once the cradle of the University,

Nunc situs informis premit et deserta vetustas—

there is still a single tenant, feebly holding his ground and refusing to be evicted. He wears the form of King Alfred and bears a legend beneath, telling us boldly that he founded the University[12]. The clamour of disputation never reaches that silent room, the changes of centuries have disregarded it, and it remains the one place where a belief which cast a lustre of royalty over early Oxford, and to this day gives primacy to one of the oldest colleges, is still maintained without contradiction. The figure neither utters nor listens to argument: it asserts and chooses to assert. But the spirit of the age is at the door: St. Mary’s is swathed in scaffolding: the sounds of trowel and saw penetrate through the dim glass and the cobwebs and all things become new. It is probable that the opening years of the twentieth century will see the age-worn bust of Alfred and the copy of the Oxford Jerome in the University archives consigned to a common flame as Impostors in an age of light.

_Copies known._

1. British Museum. Perfect. Given by the Earl of Oxford on 10 Mar.
1729/30 to James West, at whose sale in 1773 it probably passed to
M. C. Tutet: then in the King’s Library, which passed in 1829 to
the British Museum, where it bore the mark 8. D. 5; now 167. b.
26.

2. Bodleian. Wanting e 10, a blank leaf. One page (b 7^r) is printed
askew, in this copy only. Owned in 1582 by William Wright: then
Bp. Juxon’s, who gave it on 31 July 1657 to Bp. Barlow, among
whose books it passed to the Bodleian in 1693: where it has been
successively marked A. 19. 6 Linc., Auct. Q. 1. 5. 18, Auct. Q. 1.
6. 12 and Auct. R. supra 13.

3. All Souls College, Oxford. Wanting a 4, a 5. Given by Benj. Buckler
in 1756: bound in the 18th cent. with the Aretinus (see p. 253).
Marked NN. 10. 1, now LL. 10. 17.

4. Oriel College, Oxford. Perfect. Originally this was bound 4th in a
volume containing Augustinus de dignitate sacerdotum: Meditationes
Bernardi: Exempla Scripturae, Paris, 1478: the Jerome: Comm. Petri
de Osoma in symbolum Quicunque vult, Paris: the Aegidius, Oxf.
1479: Ars bene moriendi: and Hugonis Speculum ecclesiae. Owned by
Edmund Lyster in the 16th cent. The present binding is of the 18th
century: but there are old manuscript signatures throughout the
volume.

5. Oxford University Archives. Perfect. Owned by John Rhodes in 1664:
given by Moses Pit, a London bookseller, 31 Jan. 1679/80. Bound
with the ©Casus breves© of Johannes Andreas (n. d.).

6. Cambridge University Library. Wanting e 10, a blank leaf. This copy
has a painting of St. Jerome, a coloured capital and border, &c.,
and a coat of arms. It bears a George I bookplate dated 1713.
Marked C. 5. 1, and now AB. 5. 18.

7. John Rylands Library, Manchester. Perfect. Bought for the Spencer
Library for £150: bound by C. Lewis: marked 17320, or E. 237:
transferred to Manchester with the whole Spencer Library.

8. The Huth Library.

9. The Earl of Pembroke’s Library.

10. Sir Henry Dryden’s Library. Wanting e 10, a blank leaf. In
original binding, part of a volume containing Joh. Sulp. Verulanus
de Octo partibus orationis: Aug. Senensis de loquendi regulis: the
Jerome: Alb. de Ferrariis de horis canonicis, 1485: Kamintus on
the pestilence: and two leaves of a Prognostication of 1486 or
1487.

11. Paris National Library. Bought by Lord Blandford in Feb. 1812 for
£91: in the White Knights sale sold for £28.

12. A copy recently sold to an American. Perfect. It was originally in
an Oxford contemporary binding with the Oxford Aegidius, 1479:
Mich. de Hungaria’s Tredecim Sermones: “Oxoniensis cuiusdam
exercitationes”: Adelard of Bath’s Quaestt. naturales: the Jerome
was last. Owned by A. Hilton in the 15th cent.

In 1862 a copy in F. S. Ellis’s catalogue (p. 14, no. 957) was priced
£110.

Fragments:—Leaves a 2, a 7, a 8, b 4, c 1, c 3, e 3, e 6–8 are in the
Bodleian.

2. ¬Aretinus¬ (1479, see p. 1).

The reasons for placing this book second are given above at pp. 241–2: if they are regarded as sufficient, we must take “1479” in the Aegidius as what we should call 1480, which is in agreement with the ordinary usage of the time and which gains a slight probability, in that the printing would have been finished on a Sunday, if the year were taken as 1478/9. All copies are poorly printed. It was quite fitting that the first book printed at Oxford should be theological and the second the Nicomachean Ethics of Aristotle.

_Copies known._

1. British Museum. Wanting a 1, a blank leaf. In this copy alone there
is a director for the large O of _Omnis_ on b 1^r. Owned by Will.
Davis in 1792: then in the Grenville Library: marked “7. p. 115.
1,” 8. D. 5, 163. B. 2, G. 7930, and now C. 2. a. 7. Bound with it
is a manuscript translation into Latin of Aristotle’s ©Œconomica©
and ©Politics©, dedicated to Humphrey Duke of Gloucester.

2. Bodleian. Perfect. In this copy at o 2^r and o 2^v is a ć printed
in the margin, apparently meaning “cancel,” since the recto is
printed askew. Manuscript notes show that the book, which is in
contemporary binding, was at first in the hands of an Oxford
student (?) who received pittance from the Prior of Oseney. Then
“Codex Michaelis Canni.” Owned by John Selden, among whose books
it came to the Library in 1659. Marked 8^o A. 17 Art. Seld., Auct.
Q. 1. 5. 17, Auct. R. supr. 8, and now S. Selden e. 2.

3. All Souls College, Oxford. Perfect. Bound with the Jerome (see p.
252).

4. Norwich Cathedral Library.

5. John Rylands Library, Manchester. Imperfect, wanting a 1, a blank
leaf. Made up out of two copies, the Alchorne and the Freeling.
Bound by C. Lewis: marked 15969 or G. 237: transferred as the
Jerome.

6. The Earl of Pembroke’s Library.

7. Chetham Library at Manchester. Wants a 1 and two leaves in sign. k.

8. Lord Ashburnham.

Anthony Askew possessed a copy (Sale catal. 1775, no. 998, sold for £5
5_s._ to Dent), and an imperfect one occurred in the Bright sale
in 1845 (no. 180), and fetched £5 15_s._

Fragments:—The Bodleian possesses fragments comprising l 3, l 6–8, v
3, v 6, v 7, v 8: Queen’s College, Oxford, possesses m 8, with
some variations of reading: and i 4 was in 1888 in the possession
of F. J. H. Jenkinson, Esq., at Cambridge.

3. ¬Aegidius¬ (1479/80?, see p. 1).

In this work the colophon is printed in red, the only instance of colour printing in the early Oxford press. The book is for some reason rarer than the two which precede. It is noticeable that in every known copy the bad grammar of the printed colophon was corrected in red ink before it left the office.

_Copies known._

1. Bodleian. Perfect. Owned by Robert Burton, the author of the
©Anatomy of Melancholy©, in 1601. Originally bound first in a
volume also containing De viginti preceptis elegantiarum,
Bois-le-duc, 1487: Perotti grammatica: Bonaventurae Soliloquium.
Marked 4^o A. 28 Th., then Auct. Q. 1. 5. 16, then separately
bound as Auct. R. supra 4.

2. Oriel College Library. Perfect. See the Jerome, no. 4.

3. John Rylands Library, Manchester. Wanting a 1 and c 8, blank leaves
and a 8. Purchased by Lord Spencer: once part of the volume
containing the Jerome no. 12.

A copy was in the Harleian Library (Catal. vol. 3, no. 6674).

4. ¬Cicero, Pro Milone¬ (1480?, see p. 2).

This is a puzzling book. The type so closely resembles Oxford type that every bibliographer has accepted it provisionally as identical. Yet it exhibits spaced type, it uses / for a comma (both points unique in Oxford printing), and the sections are made up in sixes. It is also by many years the first classic printed in England, the next being a Terence in 1497. The volume probably consisted of a—e in sixes, allowing a leaf blank at the beginning: perhaps section e was in eight. The first half of each section bears signatures. The book was clearly made up of half quarto sheets, three to each section. Mr. Blades was of opinion that the type was more worn than that of the Ales: and Mr. E. G. Duff thinks that the spacing and other peculiarities point to a later date than 1480.

Fragments known:—b 3–4, c 3–4 are in the Bodleian (Auct. R. supra 3),
having been presented by Sir William H. Cope in 1872. They were
fly leaves in a volume containing five treatises dated from 1491
to 1505, probably bound in Oxford for William Cope (d. 1513) who
lived near Banbury. Also c 1–2, 5–6 are in Merton College Library,
Oxford, among some loose printed fragments.

5. ¬Latin Grammar¬ (1481?, see p. 2).

This is only known from two leaves in the British Museum, acquired in 1872 or late in 1871, which were found in the binding of a book, which in the sixteenth cent. belonged to Nicholas Browere. It is a Latin grammar in English, the examples of which connect its composition with Oxford (e. g. “I goo to grammer att Oxforde Incumbo grammatice Oxonij,” “Y go to Oxforde Eo Oxonium vel ad Oxonium.”) From letters in the ©Athenaeum©, 4 and 11 Nov. 1871, and notes in the book, it appears that the author might be John Anwykyll (see p. 257) and that it is probably not by Holt or Stanbridge. The chain lines run across the page: but it is at present impossible to say whether the sections were in sixes or eights. Marked C. 33. i. 10.

6. ¬Ales¬ (1481, see p. 2).

The woodcut border which is found in some copies of the Ales and Latteburius is the earliest found in English printing, though Caxton uses woodcut engravings in the text (for the first time) in the same year. It consists of birds and flowers grouped on long winding stems, the four pieces which form the border measuring in all not less than 11¼ × 7¾ in. (no quite intact copy is known, the binder’s ruthless knife invariably removing a portion). A full-size reproduction of it is given in E. G. Duff’s ©Facsimiles of English types© (Lond. 1895).

_Copies known._

1. British Museum. Without border. Wanting a 4, a 5. Re-bound lately,
but with the original sides. Owned by William Wodebrigge,
sub-prior of Butleigh, co. Suffolk: then by John Warner: then by
Cranmer: then by lord Lumley. In the Old Royal Library: once 520.
9. 12, now C. 38. g. 1.

2. Bodleian. Without border. Perfect: in original Oxford binding,
plain sides. Owned by Roger Balkwell in the 15th cent. Marked A.
5. 4 Art., then C. 7. 15 Art., now Auct. R. supra 10.

3. Oxford—Balliol.

4. Oxford—Brasenose. Without border. On vellum. Imperfect, wanting 13
leaves. In contemporary Oxford binding, with stamped sides. Owned
by—Claxton and Patrick Grante.

5, 6. Oxford—Magdalen. Two copies, one imperfect, both with border. In
J. E. T. Rogers’s ©History of Prices© is a note that Magdalen
purchased a copy of this book in 1481 for 33_s._ 4_d._

7. Oxford—New College.

8. Oxford—St. John’s (_not_ in Oriel, as has been stated).

9. Oxford—Trinity.

10. Oxford—Worcester. Without border. Imperfect, wanting a i (blank),
k 2, y 3. Given to Gloucester Hall by Clement Barksdale.

11. Cambridge University Library. With border in three places, a 2, h
1, z 1. Perfect. Marked P*. 9. 15.

12. Do. Without border. Wanting a 1 (blank). Marked AB. 10. 9: with
George I’s bookplate.

13. John Rylands Library, Manchester. With border in three places, a
2, h 1 and z 1. Wanting three leaves, a 1, g 6, y 8, all blank.
Marked D. 237, E. 237, 19944, in the Spencer Library.

14. Durham Cathedral Library. Without border.

15. Dulwich College Library: bound with Lettou’s edition of Ant.
Andreae, 1480.

16. Lincoln Cathedral Library.

Fragments:—In the Bodleian r 6 and parts of C 1, E 6: in Merton
College, Oxford, two leaves (one is i 7): in Corpus Christi
College, Oxford, part of one leaf: in the Cambridge University
Library, parts of E 1 and other fragments: in the British Museum
(MS. Harl. 5929, no. 36: last leaf with colophon and date): at
Trinity College, Cambridge.

7. ¬Latteburius¬ (1482, see p. 2).

Some copies of this work also bear the engraved border noticed on p. 254. Some copies have a distinct variation on sign. “kk” (= K) 7^v, thus

liū super capitulum s’m trenorū Ihe, _or_
liū suꝑ capitulū secūdū trenorū Ihe.

Clearly the type was altered because s’m is a fair contraction when meaning “according to,” but not properly used when meaning “second.” See plate III.

_Copies known._

1. British Museum. With border. Perfect. In the original stamped
leather binding. Owned by Simon Foderby in the 15th century: by
Christopher Viscount Castlecomer, and W. F. (?) Hunter, 1824.
Marked 1215. k. 1, 1215. k. 6, 45. b. 30. 135, now C. 37. h. 10.

2. Bodleian. With border. Perfect. Owned by John Cuthbertson, priest,
and Robert Bonwick. Marked L. 1. 3 Th., L. 7. 2 Th., Auct. Q. 1.
2. 8, now Auct. R. supra 11.

3. Oxford—All Souls. Without border. On vellum. Perfect, except that
part of O 6 (blank) is gone. Given by Richard Gavent formerly
Fellow of the College. The binding is contemporary Oxford stamped
leather. This copy is remarkable from the fact that four names,
apparently of parchment-sellers, occur as signing certain leaves:
on 54 leaves (representing 108) F. H.: on 31, Hawkyns or Haukins:
on 8, Alison: on 3, J. Alexander (Alysaunder): probably some other
signings are cut off. A comparison of two sets of similar markings
in other books almost establishes the fact that these names do not
represent revisers of the printing, but dimply the owners of the
parchment. Sometimes “8 ff,” and once “8 ff alison,” occur,
showing that the pieces were sold in bundles of eight (?). Marked
P. 2. 18, then QQ. 8. 11.

4. Oxford—Corpus Christi College. With border. Wanting almost all of a
1, L 8, O 6 blank leaves. In contemporary binding. Marked X. P.
iv. 4, then Δ. 18. 3.

5. Oxford—New College.

6, 7. Cambridge University Library. Both with border. One perfect (E.
4. 1), in contemporary binding of stamped leather. Given by
Albanus Butler to Richard Butler, rector of Aston-le-Walls (co.
Northants) 23 June 1603. The other, AB. 7. 27, only wants a 1
(blank leaf); with a George I bookplate.

8. Cambridge—Jesus College. With border.

9. Cambridge—Trinity College. Perfect (?). Marked vi^d. 8. 9
(described in Sinker’s ©Catalogue©, 1876).

10. John Rylands Library at Manchester. With border. Wanting only a 1
(blank leaf). Owned by “Henri Joliff.” Marked 16741 or E. 237.

11. Lambeth Library.

12. Westminster Chapter Library. On vellum.

13. Stonyhurst Library. Wanting only three blank leaves.

14. T. Etherington Cooke, Esq., residing in Glasgow. Perfect. With
border. In original binding.

15. Brussels Library.

Copies occurred in the Sams sale (185-, £17 5_s._, one leaf in
manuscript): Bateman sale (1893: lot 1176): Payne and Foss (1848:
art. 3120, £8 8_s._): Gardiner sale (£9 12_s._): Towneley sale
(1883, with border, wanting O 6, and also L 1 and L 8, H 3 and H 6
occurring in their stead: this copy was in Quaritch’s Rough List.
99, no. 572, Sept. 1889, £32 10_s._): B. H. Bright sale 1845, lot
3364 (£7 7_s._, with another book).

Fragments known:—Lord Robartes (on vellum, part of one leaf, O 3);
Trinity College, Cambridge; Queen’s College, Oxford (on vellum; l
3, l 5, B 4, B 5, kk 5, kk 6); King’s College, Cambridge; Emmanuel
College, Cambridge (on vellum, two half leaves, in q. 4. 62);
Wadham College, Oxford (f 2, f 3, f 6, f 7); British Museum (one
leaf, i 8, in 618. l. 18, and one leaf on vellum in Harl. MS.
5977. fol. 44); S. Sandars, Esq. (one leaf); New College, Oxford
(four leaves, H 2, H 7, g 3, p 4: and on vellum four leaves, D
2–3, &c.); Bodleian (I 3, I 5, kk 2, kk 7, M 2, b 2–5; C 7–8 on
vellum); Brasenose College, Oxford (on vellum, I 6); Corpus
Christi College, Oxford (four leaves: and two leaves on vellum).

8. ¬Anwykyll¬ (1483?, see p. 3).

Four of the chief English grammarians of the 16th century were connected with Magdalen College Grammar School at Oxford. The first master was John Anwykyll (1481?-87); the first usher and second master was John Stanbridge (1481?-88, 1488–94, _d._ 1510); John Holte, the author of the ©Lac Puerorum©, was master; and Robert Whittington was Stanbridge’s pupil at the school. Dean Colet, William Lily and Cardinal Wolsey were also members of Magdalen (see Bloxam’s ©Register of Magdalen College©, iii., ad init.). Of the Latin Grammar in Latin which is now before us and has been assigned with probability by Bradshaw to Anwykyll, no complete copy is known, but it was reprinted at Deventer in 1489. The ©Vulgaria Terentii© occurs also separately, and consists of sentences from Terence with English translation.

There appear to be two different editions of this Grammar (not Vulgaria), for it can be shown that the Cambridge fragments are not of the same edition as the Bodleian book. Not only, for instance, are the contents of sign. h 3 in each entirely different, but the signatures themselves are in different type, and in the Corpus (Cambridge) fragment the signature is n 3, and yet it belongs to the Compendium and not the Vulgaria. The height of the printed page also varies considerably, and the width of the Vulgaria pages is less than that of the Grammar. The subject needs further investigation.

_Parts known._

1. London—British Museum, Vulgaria Terentii only, with written date at
end 5 Jan. 1500/1. Marked C. 33. i. 3.

2. Oxford—Bodleian. A fragment containing signn. fg^8hk^6lm^8 and
(Vulgaria) n-q^8. Sign. i probably contained the Tertia pars
grammaticae. With the Condover Hall (Cholmondeley) bookplate:
bought by the Bodleian from Quaritch in 1892: in whose Rough List,
no. 124, May 1892, it is priced £100. Now marked Inc. e. E 2
1483/1.

3. Oxford—Bodleian. The Vulgaria only, bound first in a volume
containing also P. P. Vergerii de ingenuis moribus liber (Louvain,
Joh. de Westphalia, n. d.), and Adelardi Quaestiones (n. pl. or
d.). The following interesting inscription is in it:—“1483. Frater
Johannes grene emit hunc librum Oxoñ de elemosinis amicorum
suorum.” In plain 15th cent. binding. Owned also by Henry Strathyn
at Bedford, John Uncle, Robert Hunter (all 16th cent.). Bought by
the Bodleian at the T. Thomson sale Jan. 1866 (lot 1068) for £36.
Marked Auct. R. supra 2.

4. Cambridge—University Library. The Vulgaria only. Bound originally
in a volume containing Perotti Erudimenta Grammatices (Par. 1488):
Opusculum quintu-pertitum grammaticale (Gouda, 1486); Ars
Epistolandi Jac. P(ublicii) (n. pl. or d.); the Vulgaria; Matheoli
Perusini tractatus de memoria (n. pl. or d.). Marked AB. 5. 16. 4.

5. John Rylands Library, Manchester. The Vulgaria only.

Small Fragments known:—Cambridge University Library (two leaves, h 3,
and [without sign.] the beginning of the 3rd part): Trinity
College Library, Cambridge (one leaf, d 1, of the same edition as
the University Library fragments). Photographs of these fragments
are in the Bodleian. The Rev. W. D. Macray states in his ©Annals
of the Bodleian© (2nd ed., 1890, p. 159, _note_) that Bradshaw
found two leaves at Corpus and two at St. John’s (both Cambridge),
but these really belong to the Alexander (p. 260). Four leaves are
in the library of Lord Dillon at Ditchley, Oxfordshire, discovered
by Mr. Macray in 1867.

9. ¬Hampole¬ (1483?, see p. 3).

This work by Richard Rolle of Hampole (_d._ 1349) was also printed at Paris in 1510 and at Cologne in 1536. Noticed in J. Ph. Berjeau’s ©Bibliophile©, no. 24 (Dec. 1863), p. 146.

_Copies known._

1. Cambridge University Library. Wants a 1 and l 4 (both blank: AB. 4.
31, with a George I bookplate).

2. Cambridge University Library. Wants l 4 (H* 9. 51. 5).

3. John Rylands Library, Manchester, purchased in 1893 from the
Cambridge University Library. Wants almost all a 1 (F* 5. 26. 3,
when at Cambridge).

Fragments:—Some leaves from the Babington sale (1889) are in the
Library of St. John’s College, Cambridge.

10. ¬Logic¬ (1483?, see p. 3).

There is a Registrum cartarum at the end of this book, on sign. D d 8^r. Diagrams are on A 4^r, A 5^v, B 6^v, cf. C c 2^r.

_Copies known._

1. New College, Oxford. Wanting nearly all a 1 (blank leaf). Owned by
John Utting. Marked Auct. V. 2. 18.

2. Merton College, Oxford. Wanting a 1 (blank), B 3, B 4. Marked D. 6.
13 Art., D. 8. 17 Art., then 19. E. 18.

Fragments:—Bodleian (one leaf, Q 2: marked Auct. R. supra 16):
Cambridge University Library: Trinity College, Cambridge (one
leaf, 26 half leaves): St. John’s College, Cambridge (O 1, O 2, O
5, O 6): Lambeth Library (four leaves).

11. ¬Lyndewoode¬ (1483?, see p. 3).

This contains a large wood engraving (on sign. a 1^v) of Jacobus de Voragine writing the Golden Legend, seated at his desk beneath a canopy; on each side are two trees, the foliage of which, as in the Festial, is represented by nearly horizontal lines in rude style. Size 4⅜ × 7⅜ in., to outer bounding lines. See plate IV.

_Copies known._

1. British Museum. Wanting aa 1 and either S 10 or (the second) aa 1
(both blank). Marked 497. i. 1, then C. 37. l. 2. In this copy f
1, f 2, f 7, f 8, all g, h and i, k 1, k 2 have been re-set,
compared with the other two, which are probably the earlier issue.
As a test, in this copy the catchword on sign. f 1^r is under
_quamuis_, but in nos. 2 and 3 under _glosa_, as is usual.

2. British Museum. Wanting S 10 (blank); and a duplicate of f 3, f 6
is placed after t 3. Owned by Tho. Chandler, dean of Hereford
March 1481/2 to 1490, then by James Scudamour, who gave it to
Richard Tomson in 1595. Marked 711. i. 15, and 41. 11. 6. 164: now
C. 37. l. 7. The sides of the binding are old stamped leather.

3. British Museum. Wanting a 1, R 1, R 8, cc 3, cc 6, and all dd.
Owned by Nicholas Peir(ce?), John Harrison (?), and William Graves
who gave it to the Museum. Marked 497. i. 2.

4. Oxford, Bodleian. Perfect. In original binding of stamped leather,
re-backed. Marked L. 4. 8 Jur., then Auct. Q. 1. 1. 4, then Auct.
R. supra 12, now Inc. b. E 2. 1485/1.

5. Oxford, All Souls. Perfect. Marked A. 1. 29, C. 3. 12, D. 11. 12,
now I. 11. 10. Owned by Thomas Windsor in 1634, and bp. Nathaniel
Crewe.

6. Oxford, New College. (“Auct. V. 12”.)

7. Oxford, Queen’s College.

8. Cambridge University Library. Wanting aa 1 (nearly all), y 4, y 5.
With a George I bookplate, 1715. Marked B. 1. 5, now AB 1. 19.

9. —— 2nd copy. Wanting A 2, S. 10, dd 1, dd 10. Marked L. 3. 38, now
Q. 2. 14.

10. Cambridge, Clare College.

11. Cambridge, Corpus Christi College.

12. Cambridge, King’s College.

13. Cambridge, St. John’s College. On vellum.

14. John Rylands Library, Manchester: bought from the late Rev. J. E.
Millard by Lord Spencer. Wanting a 1, S 10, aa 1, dd 10. This had
been in the Savile sale (1862), lot 497.

15. Edinburgh, Advocates’ Library.

16. Durham Cathedral Library.

17. Glasgow, Free Church College Library.

18. E. Gordon Duff, Esq.: bought at a London sale for £12 15_s._:
wanting a 1, S 10, aa 1.

19. Lord Crawford.

20. National Library at Paris. On vellum.

A copy occurred in the Bateman sale (1893), lot 1190.

Fragments known:—Bodleian (part of D 2: marked Auct R. supra 17: now
Inc. c. E 7. 1); Jesus College, Oxford (part of a leaf of index):
Mr. E. G. Duff possesses a Valerius Maximus of 1519, in a
Cambridge binding (about 1520), the boards of which are entirely
made up of the Oxford Lyndewoode; from the Hailstone Library.

☞ ¬The following book was discovered since sheet B was printed off.¬

12. ¬Augustine¬ (1483?).

¬Augustine¬, St. [Sign. a 2^r:—] Excitatio fidelis anime ad ele⸗|mosinam faciendam A b¿ea¿to Au⸗|gustino conscripta.

[Oxford, about 1483]: (eight) sm. 4^o: pp. [16], sign. a^8: sign. a
3^r beg. _Non enim_. Contents:—sign. a 2-a 8^r, the sermon.

This piece of Oxford printing was discovered in the spring of 1891 in the British Museum. It was originally bound with Gerson’s De modo vivendi (Joh. de Westphalia, n. d.), the Cordiale de quattuor novissimis (Delft, 1482), Albertanus de arte loquendi, 1484, Adelardi Quæstiones naturales, and the Historia septem sapientum. Marked 702. d. 34, now C. 38. f. 37: it had been part of lot 4912 in the Colbert sale. A facsimile is given in E. G. Duff’s ©Early printed books© (Lond. 1893).

13. ¬Phalaris¬ (1485, see p. 4).

The computation of the date by Olympiads is very uncommon, in early printed books: it is however the most ancient classical method. Each Olympiad is a period of four years, and the first is computed to have commenced in July, B. C. 776: so that July A. D. 1 corresponded with the beginning of Olympiad 195. The computation ceased for practical purposes in A. D. 395, and the present revival is of an artificial kind, in which the expression “every fifth year,” which by a Greek could be applied to an Olympiad (Πενταετηρίς), was taken in its ordinary sense and used for computation. Thus “in the 297th Olympiad from the birth of Christ” was in the present book taken to represent (297 × 5 =) A. D. 1485. A similar use is found in the 1472 (Venice) edition of the Epigrams of Ausonius[13]. But the 1494 (Parma) edition of the Declamations of Quintilian contains a futile attempt to use the ancient method, for it was printed “Olympiade quingentesima sexagesima octaua qui est annus a salute christiana M.cccc.xciiii quinto non. Iul.”, whereas it would properly have been 1493. And M. A. Giry (©Manuel de Diplomatique©, 1894, p. 96) records an unintelligible attempt to use this computation in a deed of 1102.

_Copies known._

1. Oxford, Corpus Christi College. Perfect. Owned by John Lacy, and
Herbert Randolph (1724). Marked Χ P. 3. 12, then Δ. 1. 14.

2. Oxford, Wadham College.

3. John Rylands Library, Manchester. Perfect. Marked in the Spencer
Library S. 5. 3, and 15835 (G. 237).

Fragments:—Bodleian (parts of i 4, i 6, now Auct. R. supra 9): Corpus
Christi College, Oxford (parts of l 2 and l 7): St. John’s College
Library, Oxford (one leaf): Trin. Coll. Camb. (one leaf of sign.
d): Westminster Abbey Library (four leaves of sign. k).

14. ¬Alexander¬ (1485?, see p. 4).

There are editions of the Textus Alexandri by Pynson in 1505, 1513, 1516 and by Wynkin de Worde, 1503.

Fragments known:—St. John’s College, Cambridge (c 2 and c 3 [?]):
Corpus Christi College, Cambridge (two leaves, n 3 and one
unsigned; probably part of the Alexander).

15. ¬Festiall¬ (1486/7, see p. 4).

Printed in “1486,” “on the day aftir Seint Edward the kyng”: which would seem to be March 19, 1486/7. This book is distinguished by the occurrence of many woodcut engravings, and by the use of a woodcut capital G (52 times). This latter is the only woodcut letter used in the early Oxford Press (see Bradshaw in the ©Communications© of the Cambridge Antiquarian Society, iii. 136). In the same paper (p. 138) Bradshaw suggests that the eleven large cuts were perhaps intended for an edition of the Golden Legend, and that the five smaller ones belong to a lost Oxford Primer on Horae. The text is nearer to that of Caxton’s second issue (1491) than of his first (1483). The two sets of woodcuts are as follows:—

_Larger kind_ (general size, about 4½ × 4½–5½ in.).

1. ( ) Woodcut of the Crucifixion, laid sideways.
1^r.

2. ( ) Woodcut of St. Christopher bearing Christ, beneath a canopy.
i^v.

3. h 5^v. Bishop under canopy, with two trees (facsimile in Dibdin’s
_Ædes Althorpianæ_).

4. i 5^v. Martyrdom of St. Thomas.

5. k 7^r. Stoning of St. Stephen (facsimile in Dibdin).

6. l 2^r. St. John the Evangelist (?) with cup and palm-branch,
between two figures.

7. l 6^r. Murder of the Innocents.

8. l 8^v. Murder of Thomas a Becket.

9. m 5^v. The Circumcision.

10. n 6^r. The Conversion of St. Paul.

11. o 7^v. The Annunciation.

_Smaller kind_ (general size, about 2½ × 1½ in.).

12. c 4^v. Crucifixion.

d 8^v. Space for woodcut.

e 2^v. Do. ?

13. e 3^r. Pentecost.

e 5^r. Do., the same woodcut.

14. f 2^v. The Trinity.

15. h 1^r. St. Andrew with his cross, with a book and trees.

16. h 1^r. St. Andrew with his cross.

The prints are rude in execution, the foliage of trees being generally indicated simply by horizontal lines (as in a French ©Ortus Sanitatis© of about 1485). The shoes, sword-scabbards, and the like are often entirely black, showing that the cuts were intended to be coloured by hand. They appear to be entirely unknown elsewhere. See plate V.

_Copies known._

1. Bodleian. Imperfect. Wanting all ( ), c 3, c 4, g 4, k 4, k 5, o 4,
o 5, r 5, s 3, s 4, s 5, s 6, z 1, z 3, z 4. Marked Auct. R. supra
5. The variations of signn. h and i show that this is a later
issue than no. 2. Owned by William Little.

2. Bodleian. Imperfect. Wanting all ( ), a-f, g 1, g 2, h 1, i 6, k
1–3, k 6–8, l 3, l 6, l 8, o 3, p 6, r 4–6, t 1, t 6, x 1, x 2, x
7, x 8, y, z: but y 2, y 5 are inserted from Hearne’s fragments.
This was William Herbert’s copy: no. 730 in the Utterson sale
1852, where it was bought by the Bodleian for £6 10_s._: marked
Auct. R. supra 7.

3. John Rylands Library, Manchester. Wanting a 1, a 2 (supplied in
manuscript), z 4. Owned by Ratcliffe (sale, no. 1430, £3 2_s._),
then Alchorne, then Johnes. No. 15409 (E. 237) in the Spencer
Library. Dibdin’s collation is very faulty. Signn. h, i are of the
later kind.

4. Lambeth Library. Wants z 4 (blank). The variations in signn. h, i
are of the later type. Once archbp. Tenison’s copy. Marked once
lxiii. 1. 19, now 38. 2. 23. f.

A copy occurred for sale in Rodd’s 1831 catalogue, priced £6 6_s._

Fragments:—British Museum (one leaf, y 3, in MS. Harl. 5919, no. 139):
Wadham College, Oxford (1½ leaves): Brasenose College, Oxford
(several leaves): parts of two leaves (q 6 and another) were
offered by A. Iredale, bookseller of Torquay (catal. 31, Oct.
1887, no. 1) for 21_s._

The Printing Press at Oxford ceases its work suddenly in 1486/7, and there is no reason for this stop at present known. The printing at St. Alban’s ceased at about the same time. It has been suggested that Rood left Oxford for Cologne, where a Theodericus printed books in 1485 and 1486 in a type similar to that of the Ales and Latteburius. In this case Hunt may have continued for a short time alone, and then relinquished the work.

-----

Footnote 6:

None is paged: nor are there catchwords.

Footnote 7:

Exclusive of headline, signatures, and marginal notes.

Footnote 8:

With fragments of the book, independently of copies.

Footnote 9:

As these pages pass through the press I am informed by Mr. E. G. Duff
that Lord Crawford possesses an edition of Horace’s Opuscula printed
in “1470” with signatures.

Footnote 10:

Blades was under the erroneous impression that Koelhoff printed at
Lübeck, instead of Cologne: where also books with manuscript
signatures occur later than 1472.

Footnote 11:

In 1467 Ulric Zel of Cologne (see p. 242) was unacquainted with the
setting-rule, which made evenness easy: he adopted it in 1468–9, but
Colard Mansion at Bruges not till 1478 (Blades, ©Books in Chains©, p.
128).

Footnote 12:

AELFREDVS . | LEGVM . ANGLIAE . | ACADEMIAE . OXON . | CONDITOR .

Footnote 13:

“A nativitate Christi ducentesimae nonagesimae quintae Olympiadis
anno. II. VII. Idus Decembres,” = 7 Dec. 1472.

APPENDIX B.
The Early Sixteenth Century Press.

(Supplementary to, and corrective of, pp. 5–7.)

From December 1517 to February “1519” (1519/20?) a printing press is found in work at Oxford in St. John’s Street near Merton College, connected in 1518 with the name of Johannes Scolar and in the last book with the name of Carolus Kyrfoth. Both of these appear to be foreigners, but nothing certain has yet been discovered about them or the causes of the establishment and cessation of the press[14]. In 1524 none of these names occurs among the inhabitants of Oxford paying taxes (Oxf. Hist. Soc., ©City Documents©, ed. by J. E. T. Rogers, 1891, p. 5): nor are they otherwise known in Oxford as booksellers or stationers. Although Scolar uses the arms of the University (their earliest occurrence in print), yet the Registers of the University almost entirely ignore the fact that for the second time the greatest literary invention since speech and writing were known, was silently at work in its midst. Three of the books were however issued “Cum Privilegio.” It is peculiar that whereas theology claimed a fair proportion of the first press, it is entirely absent from the second; grammar, logic, arithmetic, natural science, and the Ethics of Aristotle being alone represented, except that one broadside consists of a Prognostication, which Dorne’s lists in 1520 show to have been a popular form of literature in Oxford at that time. All are in small quarto, and similar in the types used, namely an English and Brevier black-letter, with a Great Primer for titles. Not only at Oxford but also at Cambridge, York, Tavistock, and Abingdon, in all of which there was an early 16th cent. press, printing entirely ceases for nearly the central forty years of that century.

1. ¬Burley¬ on Aristotle (1517, see p. 5).

_Copies known._

Oxford—Bodleian.

Oxford—St. John’s College.

The titlepage is reproduced in plate VI. The Royal Arms on the
penultimate page of this treatise, and also in the 1518 Burley’s
©Principia©, are a wood engraving which belonged to Winkin de
Worde, as I am informed by Mr. E. G. Duff.

2. ¬Dedicus¬ (1518, May, see p. 6).

On the title is the woodcut mark of John Scolar engraved in Berjeau’s ©Printers’ Marks© (Lond. 1866) no. 81, and his ©Bookworm© (Lond. 1868), no. 32, p. 126: see also the ©Corrections and Additions© to Chandler’s Catalogue of editions of Aristotle’s Ethics (Oxf. 1868), p. 7.

_Copies known._

London—British Museum, bought at the Crawford sale, 1891, lot 932. The
last leaf with colophon is also in MS. Harl. 5929, fol. 41.

Oxford—Corpus Christi College, wanting titlepage.

Oxford—Jesus College (two copies).

Cambridge—University Library: which has also a fragment containing the
greater part of pp. 1–12, 14–17.

Edinburgh—University Library (wants 4 leaves, sign. I 3–6).

King’s Norton Parish Library.

A copy was in the Inglis sale, 1826.

3. ¬De Luce¬ (1518, June 5: see p. 6).

_Copies known._

Oxford—Bodleian.

Oxford—Jesus College.

Cambridge—University Library.

4. ¬Burley’s¬ Principia (1518, June 7: see p. 5).

_Copies known._

Oxford—Bodleian.

Oxford—Jesus College.

Cambridge—University Library, wanting D 4.

The titlepage is reproduced in plate VII. See note on the 1517
Burley, p. 263.

5. ¬Whittington¬ (1518, June 27: see p. 7, where in l. 3 _protouatis_ is a misprint for _prothouatis_. The square brackets in the title may now be removed).

_Copies known._

Oxford—Bodleian (imperfect).

Oxford—Jesus College.

Cambridge—University Library.

Cambridge—Pembroke College (six copies).

John Rylands Library.

Ham House.

6. ¬Laet¬ (1518?: see p. 6).

The title is now known to be “Prenostica” simply. The parts known are (1) from the Cambridge copy, from the top a head line and 34 lines, from the bottom 33 lines of small type and 5 of larger type: (2) from the Oxford copy, 22 lines from the top, and 22–24 from the bottom. At present the intervening space, which must be small, is unknown. The type is 8¼ in. broad, and red ink is used.

_Copies known._

Oxford—Corpus Christi College (28 fragments of the upper and lower
parts).

Cambridge—University Library (two fragments).

7. ¬Compotus¬ (1519: see p. 7).

Beneath the title is a woodcut, 5¾ × 4⅜ in., representing a master at his desk, with a birch in his left hand and a book in his right: above him and on each side are other volumes, and before him five students on a bench with their books. Two windows are in the background. On A 2^r is a diagram of the open hand (5 × 3⅝ in.), for purposes of computation: and different diagrams of the hand or part of it are on A 2^v, A 4^r, A 4^v.

_Copy known._

Cambridge—University Library.

DETAILS OF THE EARLY SIXTEENTH CENTURY PRESS.

──────────────────┬─────────────┬─────────────┬─────────────────────────────
NO. BOOK. │ DATE. │ PRINTER │ PLACE NAMED.
│ │ NAMED. │
──────────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────────────────────
1 ¬Burley¬ on │1517 Dec. 4 │————————— │Academia Oxonie
Aristotle │ │ │
2 ¬Dedicus¬ │1518 May 15 │J. Scolar[15]│Celeberrima Universitas
│ │ │ Oxoniensis (St. John’s St.)
3 ¬De Luce¬ │1518 June 5 │J. Scolar[15]│Celeberrima Universitas
│ │ │ Oxoniensis (St. John’s St.)
4 ¬Burley’s¬ │1518 June 7 │J. Scolar[15]│Celeberrima Universitas
Principia │ │ │ Oxoniensis (St. John’s St.)
5 ¬Whittington¬ │1518 June 27 │J. Scolar │Oxonia
6 ¬Laet¬ (1518?)│———————————— │————————— │Celeberrima Oxoniensis
│ │ │ Academia
7 ¬Compotus¬ │“1519” Feb. 5│C. Kyrfoth │Celeberrima Universitas
│ │ │ Oxoniensis (St. John’s St.)

──────────────────┬──────────────┬─────┬─────────┬─────┬────────────────────
NO. BOOK. │ PAGES. │LINES│ LARGE │HEAD │ WOODCUTS.
│ │ IN │CAPITALS.│LINE.│
│ │PAGE.│ │ │
──────────────────┼──────────────┼─────┼─────────┼─────┼────────────────────
1 ¬Burley¬ on │ 20 │ 55 │ + │ ⨀ │Oxf. & Royal Arms
Aristotle │ │ │ │ │
2 ¬Dedicus¬ │152 (foliated)│ 56 │ + │ + │Oxf. & Royal Arms
3 ¬De Luce¬ │ 16 │55–6 │ + │ + │Oxf. & Magi
4 ¬Burley’s¬ │ 16 │ 57 │ ⨀ │ + │Oxf. & Royal Arms &
Principia │ │ │ │ │ Scholar
5 ¬Whittington¬ │ 20 │ 59 │ ⨀ │ + │Oxf. & Scholar
6 ¬Laet¬ (1518?)│ [broadside: no complete copy known]
7 ¬Compotus¬ │ 16 │31–2 │ ⨀ │ + │Oxf. & Scholars &
│ │ │ │ │ Hands

-----

Footnote 14:

In 1528 we find a John Scolar, probably identical with the Oxford
printer, printing a Breviary at Abingdon near Oxford for the use of
the Abbey.

Footnote 15:

With privilege.

APPENDIX C.
A CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF PERSONS AND PROCEEDINGS CONNECTED WITH
BOOK-PRODUCTION AT OXFORD, A.D. 1180–1640.

Three districts in Oxford are associated with the early production of books.

One is Bookbinders Bridge, which is still standing, namely the bridge which as one starts from close under the Castle in Titmouse Lane towards St. Thomas’s Church, crosses the second piece of water. The bridge was on the limits of Oseney Abbey and the neighbouring tenements were largely occupied by binders who worked for the Abbey. See Clark’s edition of Wood’s ©History of the City©, i. 433.

Schidyard St., now Oriel St., is said to imply by its name that it was the locus schediasticorum, the place of writers on _schedae_ or sheets of paper. Certainly with St. John Baptist St. (now Merton St.) and Cat St., it was a great centre for scribes, illuminators, bookbinders, and the like. See Clark’s Wood, as above, i. 139, 175, 184.

Also Cheney Lane, earlier St. Mildred’s Lane, and now Market St., was largely tenanted by the same class. See Clark’s Wood, i. 72.

The stationarius (or virgifer) of the University was regularly appointed (see Clark’s ©Register of the University©, vol. ii, pt. 1, p. 261), and was generally employed to value the books of a scholar after death or sequestration.

But these general facts require to be supplemented by the details which follow: with respect to which it must be remembered that many persons combined several of the trades here recorded, and that, for instance, the earliest printers always bound the books they produced.

[_Chief Authorities_:—

Coxe. = Catalogus codicum MSS. qui in collegiis aulisque Oxoniensibus
hodie adservantur. Confecit H. O. Coxe. (Oxf. 1852.)

Kirchhoff, Albrecht: Die Handschriftenhändler des Mittelalters. Zweite
Ausgabe. (Leipz. 1853), pp. 132, 136.

Magd. = Notes from the muniments of St. Mary Magdalen College, Oxford,
by the rev. W. D. Macray. (Oxf. 1882.)

Oxf. City Doc. = Oxford City Documents, 1268–1665, edited by J. E.
Thorold Rogers. (Oxf. Hist. Soc. vol. xviii, 1891.)

Twyne. = Brian Twyne’s manuscript collections in the Oxford University
archives.

Oxf. Univ. Archives—Wills. = An Index to Wills proved in the Court of
the Chancellor of the University of Oxford, by John Griffiths.
(Oxf. 1862.)]

(SCRIBES, ILLUMINATORS, BOOKBINDERS, STATIONERS AND BOOKSELLERS,
PARCHMENT-MAKERS, PRINTERS.)

Not later than 1180:—

Peter, illuminator (Deed of Elias Bradfoth, in Oxf. Univ.
Archives).
Ralph, illuminator (do.).
William, illuminator (do.).
Thomas, scribe (“scriptor”) (do.).
Reginald, parchment-maker (do.).
Roger, parchment-maker (do.).

c. 1190–1200. John, “illuminator”, in St. Mary’s[16] parish (Magd.).

c. 1190–1200. Roger, “pergamenarius”, in St. Mary’s parish (Magd.).

1190–1215. Peter, illuminator, in St. Mary’s parish (Magd.).

c. 1210–20 (?) Augustine, bookbinder, in St. Peter’s-in-the-East
parish (Magd.).

1212, Nov. A, scribe (“Explicit opus manuum mearum, quod compleui ego
frater A subdiaconus sancte Frideswide seruientium minimus, anno
... M^o CC^o ... xii^o ... anno conuersionis mee vij^o ...”:
Paris, Bibl. Nat. MS. fonds Français 24766).

In the first half of the 13th cent. occurs as a witness Reginald,
bookbinder, in an old deed in the Oxford Univ. archives between
Will. Burgey, and Nicholas “serviens Universitatis”, in one of the
mayoralties of Petrus filius Toraldi. (Twyne I, p. 52.)

c. 1232–40. John, illuminator, St. Peter’s (Magd.).

c. 1232–40. Walter, bookbinder, St. Peter’s (Magd.).

1237–8. Walter de Ensham, illuminator, St. Mary’s (Magd.).

1240–57. Roger, scribe, (“exemplarius”, alias “Saumplarier”,)
apparently dead in 1276: St. Peter’s (Magd.).

c. 1240–90. Simon Scoticus, parchment-maker (“parcamenarius”) in
Cattestrete, St. Peter’s (Magd.).

1242. Robert de Derbi, illuminator, in Cattestrete, St. Peter’s
(Magd.).

About the middle of the 13th cent. the following names occur in
Twyne’s transcript of a St. Frideswide record—a deed between
Petrus filius Toraldi and Adam filius Hugonis Ruffi about land in
the parish of St. Mary the Virgin:—Robert, illuminator; Simon,
parchment-maker; and as witnesses, Thomas, scribe; Peter,
parchment-maker (Twyne XXIII, p, 69).

1251–2. Stephen, parchment-maker (“percamenarius”), in Cattestrete,
St. Peter’s (Magd.).

1252–3. William, scribe (“le Samplarier”), St. Peter’s (Magd.).

1252–90. Stephen, bookbinder, St. Peter’s (Magd.).

1264–84. William de Pikerynge, bookbinder, (“laminator”), died before
1308: found both in St. Mary’s and St. Peter’s deeds: probably the
same as William the bookbinder of Oxford, the motto on whose seal
in 1275 was “Vivite innocue; lumen adest” (Magd.).

1266. Hugh, illuminator, St. Mary’s (Magd.).

1266–78. Symon and Yon, bookbinders, St. Peter’s (Magd.).

1267. Reginald, illuminator, St. Peter’s (Magd.).

1268–90. Martin, scribe (“Exemplarius” alias “le Saumplarier”): dead
in 1298: St. Peter’s (Magd.).

1290. In this year it is agreed between the University and City that
“Pergamenarii, Luminatores, Scriptores” were in the jurisdiction
of the Chancellor of the University (©Munimenta Academica©, ed.
Anstey, p. 52).

Before 1304. Geoffrey, illuminator (“alluminator”), St. Mary’s
(Magd.).

1308. Robert, notary and stationer in Cattestrete: St. Mary’s (Magd.).

In the first quarter of the 14th cent. William of Nottingham wrote
MSS. Merton Coll. 158, 166, 168, 169, 170 at Oxford (Coxe: see
Little’s ©Grey Friars in Oxford©, 1892, pp. 165–6).

1340/1, Feb. Adam, bookbinder, occurs incidentally as holding a
tenement in Schidyerd way (now Oriel St.), in the Bodleian Oxford
charter no. 125* (Turner’s Catal., p. 307). This tenement he left
to the altar of St. Thomas the Martyr in St. Mary the Virgin’s
church in 1349 (Wood’s ©City©, ed. A. Clark, ii. 22, from a copy
of the will).

1341. Symon Faunt and John Faunt, bookbinders, St. Mary’s (Magd.).

1342. In this year a MS. of William of Ockham’s Summa Logices now at
Bâle (F. ii. 25 according to A. G. Little’s ©Grey Friars in
Oxford©, p. 226: see Sir Tho. Phillipps’s Catalogue of MSS. at
Bâle, p. 7) was written at Oxford.

1344. John Joye, illuminator (“lumnour”), of Cattestrete: St. Peter’s
(Magd.).

1345. In this year the Chancellor of the University was acknowledged
to have jurisdiction over “quattuor stationarios ad hujusmodi
officium per ... Universitatem admissos et pro tempore admittendos
ac Universitati juratos vel jurandos, necnon in omnes et singulos
scriptores scholaribus in scriptorum officio servientes”
(©Munimenta Academica©, ed. Anstey, p. 150, cf. 176; Wood’s
©Annals©, ed. Gutch, i. 441).

1349. In I. B. De Rossi’s ©Codices Palatini Latini bibliothecae
Vaticanae descripti© (1886) in MS. no. 377 “adnotatur emptio
codicis ‘pro duobus Florenis cum dimidio Anno domini
M^o.CCC^o.XL^o nono in ciuitate oxoniensi.’”

XIVth cent. Roger, stationer (Oxf. Univ. Archives, box F, no 24).

XIVth cent. Adam de Walton, parchment maker (_ibid._, box F. no. 26).

XIVth cent. William, bookbinder (_ibid._, box F, no. 28).

c. 1350. MS. New College 134 was written at Oxford in about A.D. 1350
(Coxe).

In the 14th cent. in an undated deed in the Oxf. Univ. Archives
between John Pilat and Walter “filius Paulini de Eynsham” about
land in St. Mary’s parish, the following occur as
witnesses:—Ralph, Robert, James, illuminators; Walter, Augustine,
Adam, bookbinders (“liurs”); Simon, parchment-maker (Twyne XXIII,
p. 103; cf. Bodl. MS. Wood D. 2, p. 489).

1353. Thomas Hamme, bookseller (“Vetus quoddam inventarium de bonis
Thomæ Hamme bibliopolæ et stationarii ut videtur anno domini
1353,”) once in the Oxf. Univ. Archives, box K, no. 2; but this
most interesting document is noted by Gerard Langbaine as having
been stolen during the Civil War (MS. Twyne I, 278).

1358/9. Richard Lynne, stationer (“stacionarius Universitatis Oxun.”)
(Coxe): Richard the stationer occurs in Lent 1358 (Boase’s
©Registrum Oxoniense©, 1st ed., p. xi).

1364. MS. New College 173 was written at Oxford in this year (Coxe).

1370. Robert, bookbinder, St. Mary’s (Magd.): Robert Bokebinder and
Agnes his wife occur in 1377 (?) and 1380 (Oxf. City Doc., pp. 41,
47).

1373/4, Jan. 27. At this date “Quia, propter excessivam multitudinem
vendentium libros Oxoniæ Universitati minime juratorum, plerique
codices magni valoris ad partes exteras deferuntur” the University
decreed that no booksellers except the sworn stationers or their
deputies should sell any book exceeding half a mark in value.
(Anstey’s ©Munimenta Academica©, p. 233: see Appendix D. I, below,
p. 281).

1377? John, parchment-maker (“Parchemenor”), Holywell (Oxf. City Doc.,
p. 52).

1377? Richard, parchment-maker (“Parchemenor”), Holywell (Oxf. City
Doc., p. 52).

1377? Roger Somervyle, stationer, St. Peter’s (Oxf. City Doc., p. 52).

1380. MS. Corpus Christi College (Oxford) 151 was written at Oxford in
this year (Coxe).

1380. Roger, illuminator (“lymenour”), St. Mary’s (Oxf. City Doc., p.
41).

1380. John Madesdon, illuminator (“limenour”), St. Mary’s (Oxf. City
Doc., p. 41).

1380. William, illuminator (“Lymenour”), St. Mary’s (Oxf. City Doc.,
p. 41).

1380. John Hyrys, parchment-maker (“Parchemener”) (Oxf. City Doc., p.
41).

1380. Richard, parchment-maker (“Parchemener”) (Oxf. City Doc., p.
43).

1380. Edward, parchment-maker (“Parchemener”) (Oxf. City Doc., p. 44).

1380. John Langeport, once stationer (“quondam stationarius”),
north-east ward (Oxf. City Doc., p. 22).

1393. In Florence MS. Laurentian, bibl. S. Crucis, plut. xvii Sin.,
cod. x. “Explicit compilatio quaedam ... scripta per me F[ratrem]
I[acobum] Fey de Florentia Ordinis Fratrum Minorum in Conventu
Oxoniae anno Domini MCCCXCiii, die ... [xi Martii]” (Bandini’s
Catalogue, A. G. Little’s ©Grey Friars in Oxford©, p. 252).

1393. John Brother, illuminator (“limnator”), St. Mary’s (Magd.).

1403. John Brown, stationer, sold MS. Merton College 130 in this year,
(Coxe), cf. MS. New College 104: see A.D. 1440.

1410. In the record of a tax levied on the University in this year
occur the names of William and Roger, illuminators; Richard,
senior and junior, parchment-makers; and Thomas and Robert,
scribes (Twyne IV, p. 70).

1411. The University enacts that as the duties of the University
stationers are laborious and anxious every one on graduation shall
give clothes to one of the stationers (©Munimenta Academica©, ed.
Anstey, p. 253).

1419. See under 1490.

1423. “Finit Menon Platonis [Latine] scriptus per Fredericum Naghel de
Trajecto anno Domini MCCCC.XXiij ... in alma Universitate
Oxoniensi” (MS. Corpus Christi College, Oxford, no. 243: Coxe).

1424. “Guilermus Secomps venditor librorum” may possibly be an Oxford
bookseller in this year (see Coxe’s account of MS. Lincoln College
Latin 14).

1424/5 John Dolle, bookbinder: see under 1453.

First half of 15th cent. In Bodl. MS. e Mus. 155, p. 507 (written
perhaps in the first half of the 15th cent.) “Explicit liber
3^{us} de consideracione 4^{te} essencie secundum Rogerum Bacon
correctus et scriptus per Johannem Cokkes manibus suis propriis
Oxon.”

1426. John Wake, illuminator (“lymner”), St. Mary’s (Magd.): he
appears as a surety in 1434 (Univ. Register Aaa, fol. 1).

1427. “Explicit conflatus Francisci de Maronis finitus per manus
Nicolai de Bodelswerdia anno Domini 1427 ... tum temporis Oxoniæ
studentis” (MS. Merton College 133: Coxe). A similar inscription
dated 1429 is in MS. Oriel College 70 (Coxe). Kirchhoff mentions
Nicolas de Frisia alias de Bolswerdia as a bookseller in 1427–31.

1430. “Explicit conflatus Francisci de Mayronis ... finitus et
completus anno Domini 1430 ... per manus Johannis Jacobi Spaen de
Amsterdamis, tunc temporis Oxonie studentis” (MS. Magd. Coll.,
Oxf., 103: Coxe).

1434. John Clerk (Clericus) occurs as a stationer in this year and
1438 (Univ. Register Aaa, foll. 4*, 11).

c. 1436. “Stephanus ligator librorum de Oxonia” occurs at about this
date in Cambr. Univ. MS. Dd. xiv. 2, fol. 139 (information from T.
W. Jackson, M.A.).

1439. John Godsond occurs as a stationer (Oxf. Univ. Archives, Aaa,
fol. 15^v): he has a dispute in the same year with John Coneley a
“lymner,” his assistant (Anstey’s ©Munimenta Academica©, pp.
550–1): in 1458 he is paid for chaining some Exeter College books
(Boase’s ©Reg. Exon.©, 1st ed., p. 21).

1440. John Brown, stationer, in this year (cited by Heyner) may be the
same as the one noted under 1403.

1440. John More, stationer, occurs frequently: in 1440 he or a person
of his name sells MS. Lincoln College, Latin 109, probably in
Oxford (Coxe): on 7 Nov. 1444 he is mentioned in Anstey’s
©Munimenta Academica©, p. 741: in Apr. 1445 he values books in
Oxford (_ibid._, p. 544): also in 1447–48 (_ibid._, pp. 565, 579,
cf. 741) mentioned in the Treasurer’s accounts at Oriel, 1451–65:
on 12 Apr. 1454 or ‘55 he sold MS. Magd. Coll. (Oxf.) 4 in Oxford
(Coxe): in 1457 he values Exeter College books (Boase’s ©Reg.
Exon.©, 1st ed., p. lxviii): on 21 Oct. 1457 he sold MS. Magd.
Coll. (Oxf.) 134 in Oxford (“Mare,” in Coxe). A John More was
living in 1460–61 and 1468–9 on the east side of Cat Street,
probably in Lady Hall = Great St. Mary’s Entry, according to the
St. Mary the Virgin church accounts preserved in the Bodleian
(Oxford Rolls 13 &c.). He was also a binder (Oriel accounts).

1445. John Coneley, illuminator: see 1439: he is bound to work for
Godsond for one year from 8 Nov. 1445 for 4 marks and 10
shillings.

1446. “Thomas Bokebynder de Catys-street” was imprisoned by the
Chancellor for saying that the mayor and townsfolk were not under
oath to respect the rights of the University (Anstey, ©Munimenta
Academica©, p. 556).

1448. William Bedewyne, illuminator (“lymnour”), “late of Oxford,” St.
Peter’s (Magd.).

XVth cent. Willelmus Sengleton wrote MS. New College 127 (Coxe): he
may be the Will. Singleton who was admitted B.A. in 1566/7
(©Register of the Univ.©, vol. i., ed. Boase, p. 265).

XVth cent. “Expliciunt Questiones ... scripte per Johannem de Almania
sive de Kasterle, in usum ... Thome Grace, illic [sc. at Oxford]
in artibus graduati,” in MS. Magd. Coll. (Oxf.) 162 (Coxe).