Chapter XVII: Part 17

1450–64. In these years Willelmus Salomon “Leonensis diocesis” wrote
the works of Hugo de Sancto Caro or Hugo Viennensis in Oxford for
Roger Keys, who in 1469/70 presented them to Exeter College, where
they are now MSS. 51–68 (Coxe).

1452. “Johannes Bokebyndere Oxoniæ” occurs in the will of dr. Richard
Browne (Anstey’s ©Munimenta Academica©, p. 648).

1453. John Delle or Dolle, stationer, mentioned (©Register of the
Univ.©, vol. i., ed. Boase, p. 20, “Delle”): and in 1454 (Anstey’s
©Munimenta Academica©, p. 741, “Dolle”). In 1454 his name occurs
in Bodleian Oxford Charters 491 (Turner’s Catal., p. 351). He may
be the same as John Dolle, bookbinder, who lived in Cat Street in
1424/5 (Boase’s ©Reg. Exon.©, 1894, p. 295).

1453. John Reynbold, a German, agreed at Oxford to write out three
books of Duns Scotus on the Sentences (Bodl. MS. Ballard 46, fol.
70). He wrote several MSS. now at Balliol and Merton between 1451
and 1464.

1459. June 17. Will. Bokebynder occurs as a witness in Oxford, when
MS. Merton Coll. 135 was given to the College (Coxe). In the same
year he is mentioned in Oxford Univ. Archives, box F, no. 28.

1467. British Museum MS. Royal 6 D II once bore the following
interesting inscription, before it was re-bound, “Iste liber
ligatus erat Oxonii, in Catstrete, ad instantiam Reverendi Domini
Thome Wybarun in sacra Theologia Bacalarii Monachi Roffensis, Anno
Domini 1467” (see Casley’s ©Catalogue of the Manuscripts of the
Kings Library© (1734), Dibdin’s ©Bibliographical Decameron©
(1817), ii. 449: the volume contains the Letters of St. Jerome,
and had been given to Rochester by Benedict, bp. of Rochester,
_d._ 1226).

“1468”–1486/7. Oxford printing, see Appendix A.

1473. Thomas Hunt, “universitatis Oxonie stacionarius,” sold Brit.
Mus. MS. Burney 11 (a Latin Bible) in this year (see the
Catalogue, printed in 1840). In 1477 and 1479 he was living in
Haberdasher hall in the parish of St. Mary the Virgin (Bodl. MS.
Wood F. 15, a collection of Oseney rentals: Wood’s “Thomas Howle,
stacioniar,” of Haberdasher hall in 1477 in Bodl. MS. Wood D. 2,
p. 587, from the above MS., is a mis-reading by Wood for Honte, i.
e. Hunte). In 1483 he appears as agreeing to sell certain books in
Oxford at fixed prices (the list, which is on a paper now forming
a fly-leaf of a French translation of Livy (Paris, 1486) now in
the Bodleian, is printed in the publications of the Oxf. Hist.
Soc. vol. v. (©Collectanea©, I), pp. 74, 141–3). In all
probability he is the same Thomas Hunt who in 1485 printed the
©Phalaridis Epistolae© at Oxford in conjunction with Theodoric
Rood (see pp. 4, 238).

1481–85. Theodoric Rood, printed at Oxford (see pp. 2, 4, 238).

1482. F. H., — Hawkins, J. Alexander (Alison) occur as
parchment-sellers: see p. 256.

1490. William Vavasour, scribe. MS. Corpus Christi Coll. (Oxf.) 228
was written “per manum fratris Wyllelmi Vavysur,” “Oxonie anno
1490” (the date and word “Oxonie” might possibly refer to the time
and place of the “determinationes physicæ”: but) MS. Corpus 227
was “scriptus per me fratrem Wyllelmum, studentem Oxonie anno ...
1419 [1491]” and “per manum fratris Wyllelmi Vavysur ejusdem
ordinis [sc. fratrum Minorum] ... 1491.”

1501. Sebastian Actors, bookseller of St. Mary the Virgin’s parish.
Record of a grant of administration after his decease, 23 April
1501 (Oxf. Univ. Archives—Wills).

1501. Christopher Coke, stationer. A similar record with inventory, 13
Dec. 1501 (_ibid._).

1502/3. William Lesquier, bookseller. A similar record, 1 Feb. 1502/3
(_ibid._).

1506. Georgius Castellanus, bookseller (?): see p. 11.

1514. Henricus Jacobi. On Dec. 11, 1514 administration of the effects
of Henricus Jacobi, deceased, was granted (Oxf. Univ. Archives).
Two imperfect leaves of an edition of the ©Formalitates de mente
magistri Johannis Duns Scoti© by Antonius Syrretus were found in
New College Library at Oxford by R. G. C. Proctor, Esq., the first
of which bears the words “Venundantur in vniuersitate Oxoniensi
sub intersignio sanctissime Trinitatis ab Henrico Jacobi
bibliopole Londoniensis.” See p. 228.

1518. John Scolar and (1519/20) Carolus Kyrfoth, printers, see pp.
5–7, 263.

1521. John Dorne, bookseller. His day-ledger, showing what books he
sold and at what prices, from 19 Jan.-23 Dec. 1520, is MS. Corpus
Christi College, Oxford, no. 131; this and two leaves of a similar
day-book of about 1518–19, found in a binding in the same College
library, are printed in the Oxford Historical Society’s
©Collectanea© volume, no. 1 (pp. 78–139) and 2 (pp. 457–62), where
also it is shown that Dorne, who was certainly “a Dutchman,” and
as such paid with others an alien tax at Oxford in 1524 (see
Rogers’s ©Oxford City Documents©, Oxf. Hist. Soc. xviii, 1891, p.
56, as Johan Thorn), may be the Johannes Dorn who printed at
Brunswick in 1507–9. An ©Opus Insolubilium© printed by Treveris
was to be sold “apud I. T.”, which Mr. E. G. Duff thinks is
probably I. Thorne.

1524. William Howberghe (Howbert or Hubbert), Douchman (Dutchman: he
resigned his office as Stationer 11 Oct. 1532, see Boase’s ©Reg.
Oxon.©, p. 171). Gerard Pylegreme, Douchman (his will is extant at
Oxford, dated 7 Feb. “1537”: Oxf. Univ. Archives). Balthasar
Churchyard, Douchman. Harry Renkens, Douchman. All these pay taxes
as Dorne above, in 1524, in the capacity of Stationers or
Booksellers. Richard Alcoke, bell-ringer, Margarete Page, Rose
Cater, Henry Mancipull, and “Sir Person” are possible additions to
this list.

About 1525. Gressop, bookbinder. In Bodl. MS. Rawl. G. 47 (N. C.
14778) there is a note that the volume, which had been presented
to All Souls Library by bp. Goldwell, was “resarcitus per
Gressopum”: the date must be about 1525.

1531, Oct. A commission from the bp. of Lincoln to search the
booksellers’ stalls at St. Frideswide’s fair for heretical books
(Brit. Mus. MS. Lansdowne 938).

1532. David Pratt, B.A., of Cambridge, is stationer from 10 March
1535/6 to Oct. 1536 (Boase’s ©Reg. Oxon.©, p. 171).

1534. A patent is issued to Cambridge (where printing had been
exercised from 1521 to 1522) allowing the University to have three
licensed stationers and printers or sellers of books, and
authority to print books is granted to the Chancellor and three
Doctors. No similar patent was issued to Oxford.

1552. Henry Mylward, stationer (Boase’s ©Reg. Oxon.©, p. xx). He
retired on 11 Apr. 1597 from old age (Clark’s ©Register©, i. 262,
where it is suggested that his name appears as Miller in 1578/9,
living in St. Mary’s Parish). In 1583 (July 12) Beef Hall was
leased to him (Oxf. Univ. Archives, box O, no. 10. cf. A. no. 14).

1554, Nov. 14. Herman Evans admitted stationer, but pronounced
“contumax” in Oct. 1563 (Clark’s ©Register©, i. 261).

1556, Aug. 11. Nicholas Wayte, admitted bookseller (Clark, i. 321).

—— —— —— Richard Walles, do. (Clark, _ibid._).

—— Aug. 12. James à Wood, adm. parchment-seller (Clark, i. 322).

1564, Sept. 30. Thomas Wadloffe, adm. parchment-seller (Clark,
_ibid._).

1566, June 20. “Garbrande Harkes,” bookseller, licensed to sell wine
(Clark, i. 323).

1566/7, Jan. 27. Conrad Myller, adm. bookseller (Clark, i. 321):
licensed to sell ale in St. Mary’s parish, 16 Sept. 1572: living
in 1587/8 (Clark, i. 325).

1567, Apr. 3. Gilbert Burnet, alias Cornyshe, adm. parchment-seller
(Clark, i. 326).

1570, June 28. Nicholas Clyfton, adm. bookseller (Clark, i. 321).

—— Oct. 6. Christopher Cavye, do. (_ibid._): in 1574 the Chancellor
recommended that he should have a monopoly of second-hand books,
since he was in difficulties (_ibid._).

1570/1, Mar. 21. William Spyre, of St. Mary’s parish, adm. bookseller
on the Chancellor’s recommendation. Still bookseller in 1590
(_ibid._), and stationer in 1617 and 1619 (Clark, i. 321, 343).
Probably the same as Will “Spewe” of the Company of Stationers (C.
R. Rivington, ©Stationers Company©, 1883, p. 27). Died before 20
Nov. 1636 (Oxf. Univ. Archives—Wills).

1573, Sept. 8. ¬Joseph Barnes¬, adm. bookseller (_ibid._). He was
licensed to sell wine from Oct. 1575 to at least Oct. 1596. He was
sole printer to the University from 1585 to 1617, resigned on 12
Feb. 1616/7, and died in 1618, being buried in St. Mary’s on Dec.
17 in that year. He lived (and printed) in a house at the west end
of St Mary’s, now St. Mary’s Entry (see ©Letters from the
Bodleian©, ii. 428).

1573, Sept. 8. Robert Cave, adm. bookseller (Clark, i. 321): still a
bookseller in 1693 (fragm. in C. C. C, Oxf., Library from M. XX.
II).

1573, Dec. 5. Richard Garbrand, or Harks, adm. bookseller: still
bookseller in 1599 (MS. Wood D. 3, p. 281, cf. 286, where it is
stated that he was churchwarden of St. Mary’s in 1569); he died
before 31 Jan 1603/4 (Clark, i. 323. compared with Griffiths’
©Index of Oxford Wills©).

1574, Mar. 25. Dominique Pinart, adm. bookseller (Clark, _ibid._): in
1583 he occurs as a bookbinder (Oxf. Univ. Archives, Reg. Y. 99);
still bookseller in 1616/7 (Clark, i. 321). Died before 18 Feb.
1627/8 (Oxf. Univ. Archives—Wills).

1574. John Gore occurs as an Oxford bookseller in a lease summarized
in MS. Wood D. 3, p. 281, and lived in or near Cat St.

1577, Apr. 24. Humphrey Archer, adm. bookseller (Clark, i. 321).
Administration was granted after his death on 13 Feb. 1587/8 (Oxf.
Univ. Archives).

1577. Rowland Jenckes or Jenkes, a bookbinder, was condemned at the
Assizes at Oxford for sedition (Wood’s ©History and Antiquities of
the University of Oxford©, ed. Gutch, ii. (1796), p. 188: and
Webster’s ©Treatise of Witchcraft©, p. 245, quoted by Bagford in
Brit. Mus. MS. Harl. 5901, fol. 62).

1583. Carre occurs as a bookbinder (Oxf. Univ. Archives, Reg. Y. 99).

1584, Aug. 15. £100 is lent by the University to Joseph Barnes with
which to set up a press, to be repaid in six years (_ibid._ Reg.
L. 10, fol. 287, cf. 246). In Oct. 1592 the money had not been
repaid.

1585. For printers and publishers from 1585–1640, see also p. 311.

1585/6, Jan. 10. A Committee of Convocation at Oxford appointed to
consider ©De libris imprimendis© (Oxf. Univ. Archives, Reg. L. 10,
fol. 283).

1586, June 23. An Ordinance of the Star Chamber allows only two
presses outside London, one at Oxford and one at Cambridge, and
only one apprentice to each press (printed in full in Arber’s
©Transcript©, ii. 807).

1588. In about this year occurs an Inventory of the goods of John
Pigot, scrivener, implying his previous death (Oxf. Univ.
Archives—Wills).

1590, Nov. 27. Robert Foxon, adm. bookseller (Clark, i. 321): but on 7
Mar. 1590/1 an Inventory of his goods was taken, implying previous
death (Oxf. Univ. Archives—Wills).

—— —— Thomas Middleton, adm. bookseller (Clark, _ibid._): he died
before 28 March 1604 (Oxf. Univ. Archives—Wills).

—— —— Francis Peirce, do. (_ibid._): still bookseller in 1616/7
(Clark, i. 521): died before 4 Jan. 1622/3 (Oxf. Univ.
Archives—Wills).

—— —— Stephen Wilson, do. (_ibid._): in 1591 he is a bookbinder also
(Clark, i. 342).

1591, May 25. A patent was granted to Richard Wright of Oxford and his
assigns to print Tacitus’s ©History© in English, for life. (Patent
Roll 33 Eliz., part 17, Arber’s ©Transcript©, ii. 16). This partly
explains the peculiarity noticed in 1591, no. 5 (p. 31, above):
clearly it was printed nominally by Barnes, but published in
London and perhaps in part printed there. Wright appears as
belonging to both cities.

1593/4, Feb. 21. Thomas Gowre resigns the office of parchment seller
and is succeeded by William Jennings (Fenninge?) (Clark, i. 322).

1594, Sept. 3. John Barnes, son of Joseph Barnes, is apprenticed to
Rich. Watkins of St. Paul’s Churchyard, London, for seven years
from Mich. 1594 (Arber’s ©Transcript©, ii. 195: see the same work
under date 7 June, 1602, &c.).

1596, May 21. Application was made to Convocation for a licence to
Joseph Barnes to have a monopoly of printing inedited Greek and
Latin books (Oxf. Univ. Archives, Reg. Ma., p. 15).

1597, Apr. 11. Lancelot Waistiell or Waystayle adm. stationer of the
University: he resigned in 1608.

1598/9, Mar. 16. John Crosley adm. bookseller (Clark, i. 321):
stationer in 1611 (Clark, i. 342): died before 12 Feb. 1612/3
(Oxf. Univ. Archives—Wills, where he is described as a citizen of
London).

1600/1. Robert Billingsley occurs as a bookseller (Clark, i. 342):
also bookbinder: he died before 17 Nov. 1606 (Oxf. Univ.
Archives—Wills).

1603. The Stationers Company in London obtain a monopoly of printing
Primers, Psalms and Almanacs.

1608, Apr. 18. Denis Edmonds adm. stationer.

1609. Nicholas Smith, bookbinder, died before 9 Aug. 1609 (Oxf. Univ.
Archives—Wills): his wife Anne was Rob. Billingsley’s widow.

1609, Oct 24. John Garbrand alias Herks, bookseller, was licensed to
sell wine (Clark, i. 323): he died before 29 Sept. 1617 (_ibid._),
and after 21 Mar. 1616/7 (Clark, i. 321).

1609, Oct. 20. William Davies occurs as stationer (Clark, i. 342):
still such in 1615 and 1621 and 1637 (Clark, i. 343–4): bookseller
in March, 1616/7 (Clark, i. 321).

1609/10, Mar. 13. A tenement in St. Mary’s parish was leased to John
Adams, stationer (Oxf. Univ. Archives, box A, no. 23): he was a
bookbinder from 1610 to 1620 (Magd. college deeds, cf. Clark, i.
343). In 1637, July 20, a house just North of the Schools
Quadrangle was “lately” in the tenure of John Adams, bookbinder
(Agreement between Magdalen and the University in Reg. R. 24, fol.
149^r). For his printing, see pp. 308, 312.

1610, Dec. Henry Blewet or Bluett occurs as a bookseller in St Mary’s
parish (Clark, i. 321): still such in 1616/7 (_ibid._): died
before 3 Jan. 1633/4 (“bookbinder”: Oxf. Univ. Archives—Wills).

1611. Sampson Stronge alias Starkey, limner, died before 30 Mar. 1611
(Oxf. Univ. Archives—Wills).

1615/6, Jan. 2. Robert Nixon alias Waie occurs as a bookseller (Clark,
i. 343): and in 1616/7 (i. 321).

1616/7, Feb. 12. William Wrench becomes a University printer, until 19
Jan. 1617/8: see p. 311.

—— John Lichfield, do.: see p. 311: created Inferior Bedel 20 Mar.
1616/7: resigned his offices Jan. 1634/5.

1616/7, Mar. 21. Richard Wylcocks is bookseller (Clark, i. 321,
_bis_).

—— —— William Turner, do. (_ibid._): is University printer from 1624
to 1644/5: see p. 312. In 1639 he was found to have abstracted in
1634 the Savile Greek type “under the pretence of printing a Greek
Chronologer (one Malala)”: and by Feb. 13, 1639/40 had brought
them back (Wharton’s ©Remains of Laud©, ii. 174).

1616/7, Mar. 21. Edward Forrest is bookseller (Clark, i. 321).

—— —— William Toldervey, do. (_ibid._).

—— —— John Westall, do. (ibid.): he occurs as binding for the Bodleian
in 1636–7 (Macray’s ©Annals©, 2nd ed., p. 77).

1617/8, Jan. 19. James Short do.: see p. 312.

1617, May 16. Roger Barnes, adm. bookseller (Clark, i. 321): see 1626,
below.

—— June 10. William Wildgoose, do. (_ibid._).

—— June 11. John Allam, do. (_ibid._).

The two latter with Christopher Barker, William Johnson and John
Chambers were reprimanded on 23 May, 1617, for setting up as
booksellers without the Vice-Chancellor’s leave (_ibid._).

1619, July 30. Edward Miles occurs as bookseller (Clark, i. 343): he
was Clerk of the University, and died before 1 May, 1637 (Oxf.
Univ. Archives—Wills).

1620/1, Jan. 6. Richard Parne adm. parchment seller, in place of Henry
Dochin, dead, who had succeeded John Cooke (Clark, i. 322).

1623, Apr. Thomas Huggins occurs as stationer (Clark, i. 343), also in
1627 (of St. Mary’s parish) and 1634 (_ibid._ and 344).

1625/6. William Webbe occurs as stationer (Clark, i. 343). See p. 312.
Still stationer in 1636/7 (_ibid._ 344), and binder to the
Bodleian (Macray’s ©Annals©, 2nd ed., p. 77: died in 1652).

1626, June 18. Roger Barnes and John his son occur as bookbinders
(Clark, i. 343), John is still bookbinder in 1630 (_ibid._) and
1636–7, (Macray’s ©Annals of the Bodleian©, 2nd ed., p. 77). Roger
died before 30 Nov. 1631 (of All Saints parish, bookbinder and
stationer: Oxf. Univ. Archives—Wills).

1629, June 16. The University of Cambridge begs the loan of the Greek
matrixes given to Oxford by sir Henry Savile: the request was
granted on June 30 on Laud’s recommendation, and the matrixes
returned 24 June, 1631. The year in which Savile’s famous “silver”
Greek type (with which the ©Chrysostom© of 1610–13 was printed at
Eton) came to Oxford is not at present ascertainable.

1631. From the fine of £300 inflicted on the printer of the Wicked
Bible of this year a fount of Greek type was purchased by Laud
(not before 1634) for printing in London, Oxford or Cambridge, as
the editors of the books might prefer. As a fact the printing took
place in London, from 1637 on.

1632, Nov. 12. The first charter to Oxford allowing printing: printed
in App D. II., p. 281: confirmed and amplified, 13 March, 1632/3
(p. 283). Laud in a letter to the University mentions King and
Motteshead as two printers the University might well appoint out
of the three allowed.

1635. Leonard Lichfield succeeded his father John, as University
printer: died in 1657.

1636. Tit. xviii, sect. 5 of the Statutes of the University is framed
“De Typographis Universitatis”: printed in App. D. V., p. 287. The
Architypographus is here first mentioned.

1636. John Haviland of London is stated to have a press at London,
Oxford and Cambridge (Arber’s ©Transcript©, iii. 704).

1636–37. — Seale occurs as binding for the Bodleian (Macray’s
©Annals©, 2nd ed., p. 77).

—— — Bott, do. (_ibid._).

1636/7, Mar. 12. See p. 285 (agreement between the University and the
Stationers’ Company).

1637, July 11. A severe decree of Star-Chamber is issued, restricting
printing, but allowing the rights of Oxford: printed in Arber’s
©Transcript©, iv. 528.

1637. In this year Laud, who had in every way facilitated the
acquisition of good Oriental and other type by the University, was
able to write to the Vice-Chancellor (on May 5) “You are now upon
a very good way towards the setting up of a learned Press.”

1637, Oct. 14. The will of Hugh Jones of St. Mary Magdalen parish,
printer (apprentice?), was proved (Oxf. Univ. Archives—Wills).

1638, Apr. 12. The will of John Wilmot, stationer, was proved
(_ibid._).

1639. See under 1616/7 (Turner).

1639, Aug. 12. Agreement with the Stationers’ Company: see p. 287.

The following booksellers of Oxford are at present only known from their imprints:—

Jackson, Simon, 1618.
Cripps, Henry, 1620–39.
Peerse, Elias, 1625–39.
Curteyne, Henry, 1625–40.
Butler, Thomas, 1628.
Bowman, Francis, 1634–40.
Allam, Thomas, 1636–39.
Godwin, Joseph, 1637–39.
Robinson, Thomas, 1639–40.
Hunt, Matthew, 1639–40.
Young, Robert, 1640.

[London booksellers who published for Oxford printers are here omitted: see pp. 311–3.]

* * * * *

[The following discussion of the authorship of the ©Praise of Music© (1586, no. 10) is referred to on p. 20 as occurring in Appendix C, and is therefore here inserted.]

©The Praise of Music© (1586).

This work is probably not by John Case, although constantly attributed to him. The facts of the matter may be stated as follows.

The book is strictly anonymous: all that can be gathered directly from it is that the author was himself an enthusiastic musician, though not necessarily of eminence; that he was a well-read scholar, as well in the Fathers as in the Classics, and that his style and method point to a man of imaginative mind, young in years, and with considerable elegance of thought and expression. The printer writes a dedication to Sir Walter Raleigh, alluding to the book as “an Orphan of one of Lady Musickes children.” This can only be meant to convey the impression that the author was dead: on the other hand the treatise can only have been composed recently from the allusions to the controversy about Church music: in fact the author was undoubtedly a Protestant in Elizabeth’s reign, who approved of elaborate music in Churches, within certain common-sense limits.

In 1588 John Case published at Oxford an “Apologia Musices” written in Latin, and maintaining nearly the same view about Church music as the book before us, to which Case makes no allusion. Case was elected scholar of St. John’s College, Oxford, in 1564; and in 1568 fellow. “But so it was,” says Wood (©Ath. Ox.©, ed. Bliss, i. 685), “that being Popishly affected he left his fellowship and married [in 1574] and ... read logic and philosophy to young men (mostly of the R. C. religion) in a private house in St. Mary Magd. parish.”

The external evidence about the authorship in question may be put as follows. In favour of Case is the important fact that Thomas Watson the poet in a sonnet to Case does certainly seem to allude to the English as well as the Latin treatise. Most of the expressions may, and more than one must, apply to the ©Apologia©, but the allusion to Marsyas can only refer to the “Praise,” which indeed is mentioned by name, “Mr. John Case ... his learned booke lately made in the prayes of Musick.” Again, the fact that the ©Apologia© nowhere alludes to the former poem is itself an argument that they were not independent of each other, while supposing that Case was partly ashamed of so light and poetical a production and desired to be judged rather by a more philosophical work, such as the Latin treatise, we can understand a desire to ignore the former. To this may be added that such considerations as the above were sufficient to convince critics like Dr. Farmer, Mr. Joseph Haslewood and Dr. Bliss, as well as almost all others who have considered the point. Against such a conclusion the following points may be urged. Antony à Wood, who wrote lives of all Oxford writers up to his own time, and who was born in 1632, will not even suggest that Case was the author, but on the contrary declares that in all his searches he could never discover who wrote the book. Richard Heber seems also to have argued against Case’s connexion. With respect to Watson’s testimony it must be remembered that he had left the University some years before either book was published, and that it is quite possible that he wrote his sonnet with both books before him and with little on which to form a judgment except an obvious similarity of subject and point of view. Some catalogues are said to have credited the printer with the authorship, and Lowndes ascribes it to Barnaby Barnes!

The internal evidence is against the common authorship of the two books. The style of E.[17] is light, poetical and imaginative, with numerous digressions, apologized for and repeated: that of L. is more staid and so to speak scholastic; the sentences and thoughts fall into a logical form which are natural to Case. The latter passes by the mythological part of the history of Music, the former finds it in accordance with his taste. Both authors are learned: in E. the references to the Fathers are as numerous as those from any other source: in L. the references to secular authors predominate. Both draw from common sources, such as the ©Theatrum vitae humanae© of Beyerlinck and the classical authors: but in the longest quotation common to both, one from Ornithoparchus’s ©Micrologus© (E. pp. 39–40: L. pref.), a treatise on singing and music (afterwards, in 1609, translated into English), in which the imaginary descent of Concentus and Accentus from Sonus is given, they differ materially in one point of the account: nor are the explanations of the kinds and effects of the Greek styles of music entirely in accord. So too there are expressions peculiar to each book which could hardly have been absent from the other, had the authors been the same person (as in E. allusions to Mercury’s three parts of music; the Roman college of minstrels; three causes of music, pleasure, grief and enthusiasm: in L. to inanimate nature moved by music, Homer as a minstrel, the idea that strings from wolves’ and sheep’s guts would not harmonize together, bees not having ears, modern musicians). But lastly the personality of the authors is different. Both indeed take up the same general point of view, that music is lawful in a Church, and both entirely neglect the _science_ of music though they profess to be ardent musicians: but in E. there is a distinct purpose to oppose the attempt to exclude all mixed and “exquisite” music from the public services: the author writes to his equals for the purpose of interesting and convincing them: in L. we see the dialectician addressing those trained in the schools and accustomed to the subtle distinctions and formalities of scholastic logic, and also the teacher of youth, indulging in moral and didactic reflexions (pp. 53–55). Once more, Case, according to Wood, was known before 1574 to have proclivities towards the Roman Catholic religion, and accordingly in L. we find no word of blame addressed to that Church, the nearest approach being a note of triumph over the defeat of the Armada on the last page. Could he then have written, as the author of E., the following expressions, all used in contempt, “in the time of popery” (p. 129), “popish church Musicke” (ibid.), “the hypocriticall Monkes and Friers sang their seuen canonicall houres” (p. 133), “rotten rythmes of popery and superstitious inuocation or praying vnto Saints doth not giue greater cause of vomit to any man than to my selfe” (p. 136)?

The author of the “Praise of Musicke” may one day be discovered, but he will probably be found to be some other than Dr. John Case.

-----

Footnote 16:

“St. Mary’s” and “St. Peter’s”, without qualification, are throughout
this Appendix used for the parishes of St. Mary the Virgin and St.
Peter-in-the-East.

Footnote 17:

E., the English ©Praise of Musicke©: L., the Latin ©Apologia musices©.

APPENDIX D.
DOCUMENTS.

I.

(Statute to prevent the removal of valuable books from Oxford, A.D. 1373: from ©Munimenta Academica©, ed. by F. Anstey (Rolls Series) 1868, i. 233: with _æ_ altered to _ae_.)

[Sidenote: A.D. 1373.

There are a great many
booksellers in Oxford,
who are not sworn to
the University; the consequence
of which is,
that books of great
value are sold and
carried away from Oxford,
the owners of them
are cheated, and the
sworn stationers are
deprived of their lawful
business; _it is therefore
hereby enacted_, that no
bookseller, except the
sworn stationers or
their deputies, shall sell
any book, being either
his own property or that
of another, exceeding
half a mark in value,
under pain of, for the
first offence, imprisonment,
for the second, a
fine of half a mark, for
the third, abjuring his
trade within the
precincts of the University.]

Quia, propter excessivam multitudinem vendentium libros, Oxoniae
Universitati minime juratorum, plerique codices magni valoris ad
partes exteras deferuntur, veri domini librorum eorumdem exquisitis
coloribus seducuntur, a stationariis Universitatis praedictae lucrum
consuetum subtrahitur, in Universitatis dedecus non modicum, gravamen
et jacturam, habita primitus de praemissis deliberatione sufficienti,
per congregationem Regentium antiquam consuetudinem in hac parte
renovare volentium _extitit ordinatum_, quod de caetero nullus
librorum venditor, publicis stationariis duntaxat exceptis, seu ab eis
legitime deputatis, aliquem librum alienum seu proprium vendat
excedentem pretium dimidiae marcae, infra jurisdictionem domini
Cancellarii Universitatis praefatae, sub poenis inferius annotatis;
_videlicet_ quod, si quis legitime convictus fuerit super
transgressione hujus ordinationis, prima vice incarceretur, et, in
secunda vice et transgressione, solvat dimidiam marcam Universitatis
usibus applicandam, tertia vero convictus abjuret officium sive artem
venditionis hujusmodi infra limites superius expressatos.

Facta est autem haec ordinatio vicesimo septimo die mensis Januarii,
anno Domini millesimo trecentesimo septuagesimo tertio.

II.
1632, Nov. 12.

(Letters patent from Charles I granting to the University three printers and booksellers with privileges. Printed from the original in the Oxford University Archives.)

¬Carolus Dei gratia¬ Anglie Scotie Francie et Hibernie Rex fidei
defensor &c. ¬Omnibus¬ ad quos presentes litere pervenerint salutem
¬Sciatis¬ quod nos de gratia nostra speciali ac ex certa scientia et
mero motu nostris dedimus et concessimus Ac per presentes pro nobis
heredibus et Successoribus nostris damus et concedimus dilectis nobis
in Christo Cancellario Magistris et Scholaribus Vniversitatis nostre
Oxon licenciam quod ipsi et Successores sui per scripta comuni eorum
Sigillo munita de tempore in tempus tres Typographos librorum
Impressores et Bibliopolas tam de alienigenis et extra obedientiam
nostram heredum et Successorum nostrorum ortis vel oriundis quam de
Indigenis infra eandem obedientiam natis vel nascendis infra Septum
vel Ambitum eiusdem Vniversitatis residentes et inhabitantes tam
conductivas quam proprias Domos habentes vel tenentes designare
poterint et constituere quorum singuli omnimodos libros seu Codices
publice non prohibitos editos vel edendos et librorum exemplar
Cancellarii eiusdem Vniversitatis vel eius vices gerentis ac trium
Doctorum quorum vnus ad minus Sacre Theologie existat Professor quibus
per eosdem Cancellarium magistros et Scholares facultas facta fuerit
libros examinandi Judicio approbandos ibidem imprimere excudere ac
Typis mandare ac tam libros et Codices illos quam alios vbicunque sive
infra Dominia nostra heredum vel successorum nostrorum seu extra eadem
impressos vel excusos ac vt prefertur approbatos tam in eadem
vniversitate quam alibi vendicioni exponere vendere et distrahere
quocies voluerint valeant et possint Quibus quidem Typographis
librorum Impressoribus ac Bibliopolis et singulis eorum tam
presentibus quam futuris ad omnia premissa licite et impune agendi
licentiam similiter damus et concedimus per presentes. ¬Ac¬ pro nobis
heredibus et Successoribus nostris vlterius volumus et concedimus quod
huiusmodi Typographi librorum Impressores et Bibliopole eciam extra
obedienciam nostram heredum vel Successorum nostrorum orti vel oriundi
et eorum singuli quamdiu infra ambitum vniversitatis predicte moram
traxerint et negocio antedicto sint intendentes in omnibus et per
omnia tanquam fideles Subditi et ligei nostri infra Regnum Anglie
oriundi reputentur habeantur et tractentur et singulis libertatibus
liberis consuetudinibus legibus et privilegiis vti et gaudere valeant
libere et quiete provt aliquis fidelis Subditus et ligeus noster
heredum vel Successorum nostrorum infra Regnum Anglie ortus vel
oriundus vti et gaudere debeat et ad quotas onera Consuetudines vel
Imposiciones quascunque aliter aut alio modo quam ceteri fideles
Subditi et ligei nostri heredum vel Successorum nostrorum infra Regnum
Anglie orti vel oriundi Solvenda vel contribuenda nullus eorum
arctetur vel compellatur Statutis de Alienigenis antehac editis seu
Statutis vel Provisionibus quibusvis aliis in contrarium non
obstantibus ¬Proviso¬ tamen quod iidem Typographi librorum Impressores
et Bibliopole et singuli eorum extra obedienciam nostram heredum vel
Successorum nostrorum oriundi omnia et omnimoda Custumas et Subsidia
et alia debita et onera pro rebus et merchandizis suis extra Regnum
Anglie traducendis vel in idem Regnum inducendis vt alienigene solvere
teneantur et legibus Regni nostri Anglie sint obedientes ¬Eo quod¬
expressa mencio de vero valore annuo vel de certitudine premissorum
sive eorum alicuius aut de aliis Donis sive Concessionibus per nos seu
per aliquem Progenitorum sive Predecessorum nostrorum prefatis
Cancellario Magistris et Scholaribus ante hec tempora facta in
presentibus minime facta existit aut aliquo Statuto Actu Ordinacione
Provisione Proclamacione sive Restriccione in contrarium inde antehac
habitis factis editis ordinatis sive provisis aut aliqua alia re causa
vel materia quacunque in aliquo non obstante ¬In Cuius¬ rei
testimonium has literas nostras fieri fecimus Patentes ¬Teste¬ me ipso
apud Westmonasterium Duodecimo die Novembris Anno regni nostri octavo.

per breve de privato Sigillo. Wolseley.

III.
1632/3, March 13.

(Letters patent from Charles I, confirming the charter of 12 Nov. 1632, and further allowing each printer to have two presses and two apprentices, forbidding unauthorized reprints for 21 years. Printed from the original in the Oxford University Archives.)

¬Carolus Dei gratia Anglie Scocie¬ Francie et hibernie Rex fidei
Defensor &c. ¬Omnibus¬ ad quos presentes litere pervenerint salutem
¬Inspeximus¬ quasdam literas nostras Patentes magno Sigillo nostro
Anglie Sigillatas Quarum tenor sequitur in hec verba Carolus dei
gracia ... [&c., as above, dated 12 Nov. 1632, ending] ... Anno regni
nostri Octavo ¬Sciatis¬ quod nos de gracia nostra speciali ac ex certa
scientia et mero motu nostris predictas literas Patentes et singula in
eisdem contenta tam predictis Cancellario Magistris et Scholaribus
quam Typographis librorum Impressoribus et Bibliopolis sub forma in
eisdem literis Patentibus specificata designandis et constituendis tam
presentibus quam futuris concedimus et confirmamus Volentes quod eorum
singuli libertatibus et privilegiis in eisdem contentis plenarie
gaudeant et vtantur ¬Volumus¬ eciam et pro nobis heredibus et
Successoribus nostris concedimus eisdem Cancellario Magistris et
Scholaribus et Successoribus suis et Bibliopolis librorum
Impressoribus et Typographis in vniversitate predicta designandis et
constituendis vt predictum est dum moram trahunt et residentes sunt
infra septum vel ambitum eiusdem vniversitatis quod liceat eorum
cuilibet duo Prela seu Impressoria infra precincta predicta habere et
occupare eisque vti in omnibus suis necessariis Decreto in Curia
Camere Stellate Anno regni Domine Elizabethe nuper Regine Anglie
vicesimo octavo [17 Nov. 1585–16 Nov. 1586] seu decreto quovis alio in
contrarium in aliquo non obstante ¬Et¬ quod quilibet dictorum
Typographorum librorum Impressorum et Bibliopolarum duos Apprenticios
ad sibi deserviendum in arte et misterio predicto capere et conducere
valeat Statutis in huiusmodi casu editis et provisis in aliquo non
obstantibus ¬Ac¬ vt Magistri et Scholares eiusdem vniversitatis
librorum exemplaria idiomatis diversi tam vernaculi quam peregrini in
Bibliothecis in eadem Vniversitate hactenus latencia divulgare ac
libros Concionum exemplaria et tractatus de novo componere et edere in
religionis Christiane ac bonarum literarum et Artium incrementum
incitentur Dictique Typographi et librorum Impressores labores et
sumptus huiusmodi exemplaria ac libros typis mandandi et imprimendi
subeant libencius ¬Sciatis¬ vlterius quod nos de vberiori gracia
nostra speciali et ex certa scientia et mero motu nostris concessimus
dictis Cancellario Magistris et Scholaribus et Successoribus suis ac
Typographis et librorum Impressoribus infra septum vel ambitum
Vniversitatis predicte pro tempore existentibus residentibus tam
presentibus quam futuris in forma predicta designandis et
constituendis Et tenore presencium pro nobis heredibus et
Successoribus nostris volumus et concedimus quod quocies predictorum
Typographorum seu librorum Impressorum quispiam exemplaria librorum
Idiomatis cuiuscunque vernaculi vel peregrini ex Bibliotheca quavis
infra Vniversitatem predictam desumpta preantea non excusa vel
impressa Dummodo huiusmodi Exemplaria sub forma in predictis literis
Patentibus specificata divulgari approbentur Typis mandare vel
imprimere quod non liceat alicui cuiuscunque status vel condicionis
infra Terminum viginti et vnius Annorum proximorum post huiusmodi
exemplarium primam impressionem absque speciali licencia Cancellarii
Magistrorum et Scholarium predictorum in scriptis prehabita imprimere
seu reimprimere aut ab aliis imprimi seu reimprimi facere aut impressa
aut reimpressa vendere venalia habere edere vel evulgare seu clam vel
palam distrahere infra Diciones nobis vbicunque subiectas ¬Ac¬ de
vberiori gracia nostra speciali ac ex certa scientia et mero motu
nostris pro nobis heredibus et Successoribus nostris concessimus
dictis Cancellario Magistris et Scholaribus et Successoribus suis ac
Typographis et librorum Impressoribus infra septum vel ambitum
vniversitatis predicte pro tempore existentibus residentibus tam
presentibus quam futuris in forma predicta designandis et
constituendis ¬Et volumus¬ tenore presencium quod quociescunque
predictorum Typographorum vel librorum Impressorum quispiam Conciones
tractatus vel libros per Magistrorum seu Scholarium predictorum
quempiam de novo componendos et edendos Dummodo huiusmodi Conciones
tractatus et libri vt prefertur approbentur Typis mandare vel
imprimere quod non liceat alicui cuiuscunque status vel Condicionis
infra decem Annos proximos post huiusmodi Concionum tractatuum vel
librorum primam impressionem absque speciali licencia Cancellarii
Magistrorum et Scholarium predictorum in scriptis prehabita imprimere
seu reimprimere aut ab aliis imprimi seu reimprimi facere aut
impressos vel reimpressos vendere venales habere edere vel evulgare
seu clam vel palam distrahere infra Diciones nostras Typographis
Bibliopolis librorum Impressoribus aliisque vniversis cuiuscunque
Status vel Condicionis existant infra Diciones nostras vbicunque
constitutis strictius inhibentes ne quis eorum infra seperatos
Terminos decem Annorum et viginti et vnius Annorum proximorum post
huiusmodi exemplarium Concionum tractatuum seu librorum primam
Impressionem preter Typographos vel librorum Impressores in
Vniversitate predicta vt predictum designandos et constituendos infra
Diciones nostras imprimere seu reimprimere aut ab aliis imprimi seu
reimprimi facere aut impressos vel reimpressos vendere venales habere
edere vel evulgare seu clam vel palam infra Dominia nostra distrahere
inducere vel importare sine licentia dictorum Cancellarii Magistrorum
et Scholarium in Scriptis prius habita presumat sub pena
Confiscacionis librorum huiusmodi preter Arbitrar, in mandata nostra
contemnentes infligenda ¬Ac¬ eisdem Cancellario Magistris et
Scholaribus damus et concedimus potestatem in locis quibusvis infra
Dominia nostra in quibus iusta fuerit suspicionis causa libros excusos
vel distractos contra tenorem Mandati nostri abscondi vel custodiri
per seipsos vel Deputatos suos pacis Custode Constabulario vel
Decennario eis asciociato scrutari et disquirere ac libros huiusmodi
repertos capere ad loca publica ad vsum nostrum deferre ibidem
remansuros quovsque vlterius in ea parte ordinatum fuerit ¬Mandantes¬
insuper vniversis et singulis vice-comitibus Custodibus pacis
Maioribus Balliuis Constabulariis Decennariis Prepositis et Ministris
quocies ex parte predictorum Cancellarii Magistrorum et Scholarium
fuerint requisiti quod eis auxiliantes sint consulentes et presidio
assistentes. ¬Eo quod¬ expressa mencio de vero valore annuo vel de
certitudine premissorum sive eorum alicuius aut de aliis Donis sive
Concessionibus per nos seu per aliquem Progenitorum sive Predecessorum
nostrorum prefatis Cancellario Magistris et Scholaribus ante hec
tempora facta in presentibus minime facta existit aut aliquo Statuto
Actu Ordinacione Provisione Proclamacione sive Restriccione in
contrarium inde antehac habito facto edito ordinato sive proviso aut
aliqua alia re causa vel materia quacunque in aliquo non obstante ¬In
Cuius¬ rei testimonium has literas nostras fieri fecimus Patentes
¬Teste¬ me ipso apud Westmonasterium Tertio-decimo die Marcii Anno
regni nostri Octavo

per Breve de privato Sigillo Wolseley
(with the Seal attached).

IV.
1636/7, March 12.

(An Indenture between the University of Oxford and the Stationers’ Company, by which the former releases to the latter all its rights of printing Bibles &c. for the term of three years from 16 Feb. 1636/7, for the sum of £200 yearly. Printed from the original in the University Archives.)

¬This Indenture made¬ the Twentieth Day of March Anno Domini 1636 And
in the Twelueth yeare of the Raigne of our soueraigne Lord Charles by
the grace of God of England Scotland France and Ireland King Defender
of the faith &c. ¬Betweene¬ the Chancellor Masters and Schollers of
the vniuersity of Oxford of the one part And the Master and Keepers or
Wardens and Communaltie of the Art or Mistery of Stationers of the
Citty of London of the other part. ¬Whereas¬ by an Order made at
whitehall the Ninth Day of March in the yeare of our Lord god 1635 by
the Kings most excellent Maiestie and the right honorable the Lords
and others of his highnes priuie Councell it is recyted that there had
thentofore risen Diverse Debates and Controuersies betweene the
vniuersitie of Cambridge and the Printers there And the Kings Printer
and the Company of Stacioners in London for the printing of Diuers
Bookes in regard of a Charter for printing graunted to the vniuersitie
of Cambridge 26^o Hen. 8^o And that the same Controuersies and
Contentions vpon seuerall Refferences from his Maiestie had byn setled
by two Orders The one of the Tenth of December 1623 The other of the
Sixteenth of Aprill 1629 And that in regard his Maiestie of his equall
indulgence and grace to the vniuersitie of Oxford had graunted the
like Charter for printing to the said vniuersitie of Oxford as was
formerly graunted to the vniuersity of Cambridge It was that day
ordered by the Board according to the Kings expresse pleasure declared
That the vniuersitie of Oxford and their Printers should for the time
to Come enioy the benifitt of all the Articles and Clauses in the said
Orders of the Tenth of December 1623 And of the Sixteenth of Aprill
1629 As by the same Order made the said Ninth day of March relacion
being therevnto had appeareth ¬Now this Indenture witnesseth¬ that the
Chancellor Masters and Schollers of the said vniuersitie of Oxford for
divers good Causes and Consideracions them therevnto moveing ¬Haue¬
given and graunted And by these presents doe give and graunt vnto the
said Master and Keepers or Wardens and Comunaltie their Successors and
assignes full power License Libertie and authority to print and Cause
to be Imprinted All and euery such and such number of Bibles and other
Bookes and things whatsoeuer now or heretofore vsed to be printed by
the Kings Maiesties Printer And alsoe Lilies Grammers As the said
Chancellors Masters and Schollers or their Printer or Printers of the
said vniuersitie may might Could or ought to print or Comprint or
cause to be Comprinted or imprinted by force or vertue of the said
Three seuerall Orders before mencioned or any of them ¬To haue and to
hould¬ the said power License Libertie and authoritie vnto the said
Master and Keepers or Wardens and Comunalty and their Successors and
Assignes from the Sixteenth Day of February last past for and During
the Terme of Three yeares fully to be Compleat and ended ¬At vpon and
vnder¬ the yearely Rent or Summe of Two hundred Poundes of Currant
English money Payable at the Feasts of the Annunciacion of the Blessed
Ladie St Marie the Virgin and of St Michaell Tharchangell by euen and
equall porcions The first payment thereof to begin and to be made at
and vpon the Fiue and Twentieth Day of this instant month of March or
within Fifteene Dayes after either or any of the said Feasts or Dayes
of payment ¬And the said¬ Chancellor Masters and Schollers doe for
themselues and their Successors Couenant graunt and agree to and with
the said Master and Keepers or Wardens and Comunaltie and their
Successors and Assignes by these presents That neither the printers of
the said vniuersitie of Oxford nor any of them nor any person or
persons whatsoeuer by or vpon any License or authoritie deriued or to
be deriued from or given or graunted by the said Chauncellor Masters
and Schollers other then the said Master and Keepers or Wardens and
Communalty their Successors and Assignes shall or will at any tyme or
tymes hereafter within or During the said Terme of Three yeares print
or Comprint or Cause permit or suffer to be imprinted or Comprinted
any Booke Bookes or parcell of Booke Bookes Copies or things
whatsoeuer in the said Orders or any or either of them mencioned or
which they the said Chancellor Masters and Schollers or their Printers
may or might print or Comprint by force or vertue of the said Orders
or any or either of them ¬And the said¬ Master and Keepers or Wardens
and Comunaltie doe for themselues and their Successors Couenaunt
graunt and agree to and with the said Chancellor Masters and Schollers
and their Successors by these presents That they the said Master and
Keepers or Wardens and Comunaltie and their Successors shall and will
well and truely pay the said Two hundred pound in manner and forme and
at the daies and tymes before lymited and expressed for the payment
thereof vnto the said Chancellor Masters and Schollers ¬And lastly¬ it
is mutually Couenanted graunted and promised by and betweene the said
parties to these presents and their successors respectively That vpon
and at the tyme of the Expiration of the said Terme of Three yeares
They and either of them shall and will renue Continue and then make
and Conclude such and the like amicable Composicion and agreement And
vpon such termes rates and proposicions as are herein Conteyned and
expressed for soe long tyme after and vntill it shall be reasonably
agreed on both parts to relinquish the same ¬In witnes¬ whereof to the
one part of these present Indentures remayning with the said Master
and Keepers or wardens and Comunalty of the said Art or mistery of
Stacioners of the saide Citty of London The said Chancellor Masters
and Schollers of the said vniuersity of Oxford haue sett their Comon
seale And to the other parte of these present Indentures remayning
with the said Chancellor Masters and Schollers of the said vniuersitie
of Oxford The said Master and Keepers or wardens and Comunaltie of the
said Art or mistery of Stacioners of the said Citty of London haue
sett their Comon seale The Day and yeares first aboue written

Delivered as the Deede of the Stationers of London for the vse of the
Chancellors M^{rs} and Schollars of the Vniversitie of Oxford 31^o
Martij 1637. By the Warden of the sayd Companie in the presence of

John French
John Thimble
G. Locksmyth

[with a fragment of the seal]

[With this Indenture is an agreement of the same date that if more than £200 a year be agreed to be paid to the University of Cambridge for a similar suspension of rights a correspondingly increased sum will be paid to the University of Oxford.]

* * * * *

A precisely similar indenture and agreement dated 12 Aug. 1639 renew the deeds of 1636 for a second term of three years from 17 Feb. 1639/40, under the same conditions.

V.

(Tit. xviii, Sect. v. of the Laudian Statutes of the University, 1636, printed from Griffiths’ and Shadwell’s edition, Oxford, 1888; with ae for æ. It would appear that no Architypographus was appointed till 1658.)

DE TYPOGRAPHIS UNIVERSITATIS.

Cum Sereniss. REX CAROLUS eius nominis Primus, pro eo affectu quo
Literas ac Literatos fovet, Privilegia Universitatis, quoad rem
Typographicam nimis antehac arctata, mirum in modum amplificaverit; ne
Clementiss. Regis indulgentia sordidi ac illiberales Artifices ad
privatum suum quaestum abutantur: Statutum est, quod nullus
Typographus in posterum his Privilegiis aut titulo Typographi
Universitatis nostrae gaudebit, nisi qui in Admissione sua singulis
Statutis et Ordinationibus circa regimen Typographorum, per Domum
Convocationis factis, vel in posterum edendis, se submiserit.

Quoniam vero in re Typographica usu compertum est, Mechanicos hosce
Artifices (lucri sui compendium cum dispendio operis plerumque
sectantes) Calligraphiae seu Operis decori et elegantiae minime
studere, sed opera quaeque rudia ac inemendata in publicam lucem
extrudere; Idcirco praesenti Statuto cautum esto, quod publicae
Universitatis Typographiae, instruendae in Domo aliqua huic usui
specialiter deputata, praeficiatur Architypographus unus, Vir Graecis
Latinisque literis probe instructus, et in studiis Philologicis
versatissimus: Cuius munus erit, Operis Typographicis ibidem praeesse;
materiam sive supellectilem typographicam (Chartam scilicet, Praela,
Typos, et alia huius Opificii instrumenta) ut sint in suo quaeque
genere lectissima providere. In Operibus e publica Universitatis
Typographia prodeuntibus, Typorum modulum, Chartae qualitatem,
Marginum mensuram praescribere; Correctorum errata emendare; et alia
quaecunque, ad Operis ornatum et perfectionem spectantia, sedulo
curare. Cui muneri quo alacrius et liberius vacet, (praeter certam
portionem lucri e libris impressis provenientis, ipsi posthaec, pro
ratione symbolae quam ad publicae Typographiae peculium seu sortem
communem contulerit, assignandam ab iis qui a Domo Convocationis ad
ordinanda Statuta Typographica delegandi erunt,) Officium superioris
Bedelli in Iure Civili, (utpote reliquis minus negotiosum,)
quandocunque primum quoquo modo vacaverit, perpetuo in posterum
annectendum fore praesenti Statuto cautum esto.

APPENDIX E.
WOODCUT ORNAMENTS, TYPE, ETC.

A. _Woodcut and Metal Ornaments._ 1585–1640.

Of these there are two classes, the first large and used for the centre of titlepages or with conspicuous colophons (these I term _Devices_), the other smaller ornaments, used for borders, or to mark the beginning or end of a chapter, or generally for decorative purposes: these I call _Woodcuts_. The descriptions which follow are not intended to be fuller than is sufficient to distinguish the more important. The measurements (as always) are the least possible, and not the full size of the plate or block.

I. _Devices._

Of these there are, in the period under review, fourteen:—

A. 3–11/16 × 2⅞ in. On a shield the arms of the University (with motto
SAPiEN|TiAE: | ET. | FELi|CiTA|TiS. | ), within a border bearing
ACADE=|MIA. | OXONI=|ENSIS. | At the corners are two females and two
satyrs.

Used in 1585–93, 1597–1600, and at intervals till 1635, but not from
1625 to 1633.

B. 1⅞ × 1⅝ in. A metal engraving. In centre the arms of the
University, with

Sa│et
Pi│Fe,

within a ribbon bearing ACADEMIA OXONIENSIS. Above and on each side
and below are female figures with emblems and scrolls, and underneath
all IOSEPH’ BARNESIUS.

Used only in 1591. (Barne and Tacitus.)

B_a_. 1–15/16 × 1¾ in. A wood engraving from B, omitting Barnes’s
name: the motto is

SA│et
PI│F:

and there are other small changes.

Used in 1627–8, 1630–33, 1635–7, 1640.

C. 1¼ × 1–5/16 in. An ornamental shield, with the arms of the
University, the legend being

SA│FE
PI│LI
ET│CI:

at the sides AC: and OX. There is a defect (a short line omitted) on
one shoulder, which serves to distinguish it from H.

Used at intervals from 1592 to 1638.

There is a counterfeit of this used in London printing of at least
1616 and 1624: see pp. 106, 120, and H, below.

D. 1–7/16 + in. squ. A nine-spoked wheel with two mottos “Omnia
subiacent vicissitudini,” and “Sola virtus cadere non potest.”

Used in 1592–3, 1620, 1629.

E. 1¼ × 1–1/16 in. An ornamental shield with the Royal Arms, and at
the sides E: and R.

Used in 1594.

F. 1–5/16 × 1–3/16 in. An ornamental shield with the arms of New
College between two W s (William of Wykeham).

Used in 1598, 1605.

G. 1¾ in. squ. A circular watch-face, with “Donec dies est . Iohan:
9.4”, and figures: for John Day of Oriel.

Used in 1614–5, 1620.

H. 1–5/16 × 1⅜. Similar to C, but slightly larger. Perhaps a London
counterfeit.

Used in 1616 and 1624.

I. 2¼ × 1–15/16 in. In centre the arms of the University on a white
shield with

SAP│FEL
IEN│ICIT
TJA│ATIS,

and round it a band with ACADE|MIA. | OXONI=|ENSIS. At the corners are
two winged figures, a rose and a thistle.

Used in 1628, and at intervals till 1637, by Turner only.

J. 2⅝ × 2–7/16 in. An Agnus Dei; beneath it “IOH : 1 : 26” and “ECCE
AGN’ | DEI”, a text round it.

Used in 1628.

K. 1–7/16 × 1⅜. The arms of the University, with the motto

SAP │.ET
IENC│FELI
TIA │CIT
│ATE,

and round it ACADEMIA. | OXONIESIS, a cherub above.

Used in 1630–4, 1636–8, 1640: in and after 1634 the ATE is altered to
ATIS.

L. 3½ × 2⅜ in. The arms of Great Britain and Ireland, crowned, with
“C.”, “R.” at sides of crown.

Used in 1636.

M. 4½ × 3⅜. A Tree of Knowledge, boys plucking fruit, &c.

Used in 1636 (Lily’s Grammar).

II. _Woodcuts._

These are 142 in number (not counting _plain_ woodcut capitals), of which 32 were used by Barnes. Most of these passed on to his successors, who augmented them. In 1627 the two University printers printed separately, and John Lichfield took the larger number for himself, a few being used in common. It would be idle to print a complete list of these, but the writer has full notes of the occurrence of all that are found in each book. Twelve are alphabets, fifteen frames within which any capital could be placed, and four are arched borders.

B. _Type._

The following table exhibits the use made of different type by Oxford printers 1585–1640, but applies only to the chief type of the body of the work. Thus Pica Greek is the chief type of a book in 1591 at earliest, but it is found occasionally in 1587, and Long Primer Greek in 1585. So too Great Primer Greek is used in 1624, 9. And Hebrew type is used sporadically from 1596 on (Long Primer, Pica and English, pointed and unpointed: see 1596, 8 & 9; 1601, 2; 1602, 3; &c.)

OXFORD TYPE.