Chapter XIII: Part 13

[40] Anderson, Vol. II. p. 80.

[41] _Ibid._ p. 130.

[42] Romilly Allen, p. 238.

[43] _Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland_, Vol. III. pp. 127, 153, 206, 225; Muir’s _Ecclesiastical Notes_, p. 65.

[44] Anderson, Vol. I. p. 64.

[45] For Illustration see p. 64.

[46] Anderson, Vol. I. p. 59.

[47] Petrie, p. 291.

[48] _Ibid._ p. 395.

[49] _Ibid._ p. 320.

[50] Reeves’ _Adamnan_, p. 410.

[51] Skene, Vol. II. p. 368.

[52] _Ibid._ p. 374.

[53] _Celtic Scotland_, Vol. II. p. 376.

[54] Innes, _Sketches of Early Scotch History_, pp. 10-12.

[55] Innes, _Sketches of Early Scotch History_, p. 17.

[56] “Scottish Churches and Cathedrals,” by Dr. Joseph Robertson, _Quarterly Review_, 1849, p. 117.

[57] See _Castellated and Domestic Architecture_, Vol. I. p. 90, and Vol. III. p. 72.

[58] _Castellated and Domestic Architecture_, Vol. III., Introduction.

[59] Muir, _Old Church Architecture of Scotland_, p. 67.

[60] _Castellated and Domestic Architecture_, Vol. V., p. 130.

[61] See Introduction, p. 8.

[62] _Characteristics_, p. 141.

[63] _Ibid._ p. 142.

[64] For a further example of a primitive church and cells, see the Brough of Deerness, described by Sir H. Dryden in the following pages. It will be observed that the simple oblong church, with door in west end and one window in east end, is surrounded with a number of ruins of stone huts, which were no doubt the dwellings of the monastic family of the establishment; while near the land side are the remains of the cashel or fortification of the platform.

[65] _Notes_, p. 35.

[66] _Ibid._ p. 272.

[67] _Characteristics_, p. 163.

[68] _Notes_, p. 50.

[69] _Notes_, p. 51.

[70] _Ibid._ p. 280.

[71] _Ibid._ p. 51.

[72] _Ibid._ p. 52.

[73] _Notes_, p. 93.

[74] _Notes_, pp. 97-98.

[75] _Characteristics_, p. 205.

[76] _Notes_, p. 60.

[77] _Notes_, p. 60.

[78] _Characteristics_, p. 180.

[79] The churches in Orkney and Shetland present many fine examples of chanceled buildings. These, although described in Mr. Muir’s works, are more fully treated in the descriptions and illustrations kindly supplied by Sir H. Dryden, and now printed for the first time.

[80] _Notes_, p. 41.

[81] _Ibid._ p. 43.

[82] _Notes_, pp. 48 and 276.

[83] This church (Trinity) 61½ feet long; breadth, 21 feet. North wall has a round-headed window of undressed stones at east end, 2½ feet wide, splaying to 4½ feet inside. Arch of door obtusely pointed. On north side a small chapel connected by round-arched porch, not bonded into church. Entrance to chapel has inclined jambs. Chapel 23 feet long by 13½ feet broad inside; walls 2½ feet thick. In east wall small rectangular window, and an ambry on each side of window. Similar window in south wall. Small chapel, believed to be very ancient. Chapel of Carinish probably rebuilt by Amy M‘Ruari about 1390.--Captain Thomas, _Archæologia Scot._, Vol. V. p. 226.

[84] _Notes_, pp. 11 and 264.

[85] _Notes_, p. 23.

[86] _Ibid._ p. 42.

[87] _Ibid._ p. 42.

[88] _Ibid._ p. 44.

[89] _Ibid._ p. 44.

[90] _Ibid._ p. 278.

[91] _Notes_, p. 61.

[92] _Ibid._ p. 269.

[93] _Ibid._ p. 270.

[94] _Notes_, p. 180.

[95] _Ibid._ p. 192.

[96] Dr. J. Anderson regards this as a church mentioned in a document by Pope Gregory XI., of date 20th September 1375.--_Scotland in Early Christian Times._

[97] _Notes_, p. 30.

[98] _Ibid._ pp. 49, 278; _Characteristics_, p. 226.

[99] Teampull Chalumchille, Captain Thomas, _Archæologia_, Vol. V. p. 239.

[100] _Characteristics_, p. 132, and _Notes_, p. 200.

[101] _Notes_, p. 39.

[102] _Characteristics_, p. 50.

[103] _Ibid._ p. 51.

[104] _Notes_, p. 107. See also drawings and description of this church by Sir Henry Dryden (below).

[105] _Notes_, p. 42.

[106] _Ibid._ p. 283.

[107] _Ibid._ pp. 10, 262.

[108] _Notes_, p. 13.

[109] _Ibid._ p. 13.

[110] _Ibid._ p. 14.

[111] _Ibid._ p. 15.

[112] _Notes_, p. 8.

[113] _Notes_, p. 55.

[114] _Ibid._ p. 25.

[115] _Ibid._ p. 26.

[116] _Ibid._ p. 28. See also illustrations and description of this church by Sir Henry Dryden (below).

[117] _Ibid._ p. 38.

[118] _Characteristics_, p. 51.

[119] _Ibid._ p. 55.

[120] _Notes_, p. 43.

[121] _Ibid._ p. 109.

[122] See account of doorway in chapel on Brough of Birsay for notice of this point.

[123] See account of doorway in chapel on Brough of Birsay for notice of this point.

[124] See the first article on “Ancient Orcadia” in the _Orcadian_ of ... 1860.

[125] See account of Chapel on the Brough of Birsay.

[126] See account of windows in Egilsey.

[127] See observations on these entrances in notes on the Brough of Birsay.

[128] See Petrie’s _Round Towers_, pp. 162, 181-5.

[129] Ecclesiastical Notes on the Orkneys, &c.

[130] See account of the early Bishops of Orkney by Professor Munch, in _Bannatyne’s Miscellany_, Vol. III., 1855.

[131] See Petrie’s _Round Towers_, and Wilson’s _Prehistoric Annals_.

[132] See Petrie’s _Round Towers_.

[133] _History of Orkney_, p. 34.

[134] Britton, _Arch. Ant._, Vol. I.; North, _Arch. Soc._, Part 10, 1860; Billings’ _Temple Church_.

[135] See _Scotland in Early Christian Times_, by Joseph Anderson, LL.D., p. 62.

[136] See Introduction, p. 27.

[137] See Introduction, p. 14.

[138] _Ibid._ p. 11.

[139] In an interesting paper by him in the _Archæologia Scotica_, Vol. V., Part 2.

[140] Figs. 146 and 147 are from sketches by Mr. T. S. Robertson, architect, Dundee, whom we have to thank for assistance in connection with this church.

[141] _Historical Manuscript Commission_, 14th Report, App., Part III., p. 175 and 187.

[142] Page 11.

[143] _Quarterly Review_, June 1849, p. 120.

[144] The lines on south side of tower show foundations now exposed, and a built-up door in south wall of tower is not shown, being apparently not original.

[145] Introduction, p. 13.

[146] _Lecture II._, p. 24.

[147] Page 36.

[148] Page 38.

[149] From a drawing in the possession of Mr. David Douglas, publisher.

[150] The sketch is a very slight and hurried one, and is not at all finished in detail; but it is enough, when taken with the other drawings, to enable a fair idea to be formed of the completed church. The tower has had a clock dial, placed so as to conceal the south windows. The traceried windows of the south aisle of the nave are indicated, along with the lintelled doorway and a raised window, which may have been over an outside stair in connection with a gallery. The east window of the aisle is shown built up, with a square shuttered window inserted where the mullions formerly were, and the small window above has been enlarged for light to the gallery. The view of the chancel is particularly interesting, this part of the church having now almost disappeared. In the choir a mullioned window of three lights is shown above the sedilia, and a small door is knocked through the latter. The east end is shown lighted by three simple lancet windows.

[151] We are greatly indebted to the Rev. Mr. Thomson, Dunning, for assistance in regard to this church.

[152] _Celtic Scotland_, Vol. II., pp. 389-92.

[153] Page 28.

[154] First Volume, p. 462.

[155] We have to thank Sir Henry Dryden for liberty to use the measured drawings of St. Margaret’s Chapel, made by him in 1866.

[156] Introduction to _Registrum de Dunfermlyn_, p. 25.

[157] Introduction to _Registrum de Dunfermlyn_, p. 25.

[158] _Ibid._ p. 25.

[159] _Castellated and Domestic Architecture of Scotland_, Vol. V. p. 522.

[160] See _Annals of Dunfermline_, by the Rev. Ebenezer Henderson, p. 211.

[161] _Annals of Dunfermline_, p. 205.

[162] _Ibid._ p. 342.

[163] We are indebted for the loan of this Plan, drawn by Mr. Henderson, to Mr. Robertson, Dunfermline, custodier of the buildings.

[164] Tytler, _History of Scotland_, Vol. I., year 1303-4.

[165] _Castellated and Domestic Architecture of Scotland_, Vol. I., p. 514.

[166] We have to thank Sir Henry Dryden for permission to use the ground plan and other drawings and descriptions relating to St. Magnus, published in the transactions of the Architectural Institute of Scotland, 1858-61.

[167] We have to express our indebtedness to the late Mr. Robert Matheson, Architect, Edinburgh, for the foregoing sections and elevation and the plan of the triforium, with which he was good enough to supply us so long ago as 1866.

[168] See _Castellated and Domestic Architecture of Scotland_, Vol. I. p. 519.

[169] See the _Orkneyinga Saga_, Introduction by Dr. J. Anderson.

[170] _Statistical Account._

[171] _Early Christian Symbolism_, p. 255.

[172] _Illustrations of the Shires of Aberdeen and Banff_, _Spalding Club_, p. 692.

[173] The churches of Berwickshire have been very fully treated by Mr. J. Ferguson, Duns, in a paper reprinted from the _Transactions of the Berwickshire Naturalists’ Club_, 1890. We are much indebted to Mr. Ferguson and Mr. George Fortune, architect, Duns, for assistance in regard to these churches.

[174] _Characteristics_, p. 12.

[175] This illustration is from a drawing by Mr. John Dickson, solicitor, Banff, lent by Mr. Ferguson.

[176] Vol. III., p. 298.

[177] _Caledonia_, Vol. II. p. 393.

[178] _Celtic Scotland_, Vol. II. p. 223.

[179] _Caledonia_, Vol. I., p. 954.

[180] _Origines Parochiales_, Vol. I.

[181] _Caledonia_ (Linlithgowshire), p. 866, and _Transactions of Antiquarian Society, Edinburgh_, First Vol. (1792), p. 150-5.

[182] Morton’s _Annals of Teviotdale_.

[183] _Robb’s Guide to Haddington_, p. 44.

[184] In connection with this church, we have to thank Mr. James Reid, jun., Peterhead, for his ready assistance.

[185] _Transactions of the Buchan Field Club_, by James Aiken, Peterhead. 1889.

[186] We are greatly indebted to Mr. George Gray, Town Clerk of Rutherglen, for assistance in connection with the notice of this church.

[187] _The Pre-Reformation Churches of Berwickshire_, pp. 7 and 38.

[188] To whom we are indebted for the Plan.

[189] _Caledonia_, Vol. II. p. 529.

[190] M‘Kerlic’s _Galloway_, Vol. V., p. 68.

[191] The particulars of the history of Kinloss Abbey are extracted from the “Records of the Monastery,” by Dr. John Stewart.

[192] These are beautifully illustrated by the late James Drummond, R.S.A., in his _West Highland Monuments_.

[193] Extracts from the “Council Register of the Burgh of Aberdeen” (Spalding Club, p. 94.)

[194] There are scanty, but distinct, traces of two churches on St. Abb’s Head, about three miles north from Coldingham. They are situated about half a mile apart, one to the west of the promontory and the other to the south-east, and both stand on high cliffs overlooking the sea.

The one to the south-east, called St. Abb’s Chapel, (1) is situated in the centre of a churchyard, all the remaining tombstones of which were thrown into the sea during some law proceedings regarding the right of access by the public to St. Abb’s Head. At the time Carr wrote his _History of Coldingham Priory_ (published 1836), the walls of the church were standing to a height of some three or four feet; now only the grass-covered foundations remain. These indicate a chancelled building, the outside dimensions of which are:--length of chancel from east to west about 21 feet, width

about 24 feet; length of nave 56 feet by 30 feet in width. The chancel is full of rubbish, especially at the place where the arch is usually situated; but it is not unlikely that by digging here some remains might be found sufficient to indicate the style and period of the building. From Carr’s description it appears to have been a Norman building, as he speaks of a “small Saxon arch” (the term frequently used by writers about the beginning of the century for a Norman arch) as visible in his time (p. 243).

The other chapel at St. Abb’s Head (2) is in very much the same state as the one just described, except that more of the masonry is visible. It measures, on the inside, about 69 feet long by 22 feet wide, with walls about 4 feet thick. In the centre of the west wall there is a recess, about 6 feet long by 2 feet 6 inches wide; and at the north-east corner there is a notch about 9 feet square, cut out of the chapel, as it were, forming, to all appearance, a chancel, narrower than the nave on one side instead of in the centre. The remains are very scanty.

[195] _Caledonia._

[196] Morton’s _Monastic Annals of Teviotdale_.

[197] We are indebted to Mr. Robert B. Armstrong, F.S.A., for the use of drawings, and to Major W. Bruce Armstrong for some interesting notes.

[198] Original birth brief in the possession of the Comte de Bruce from Charles I., dated 13th July 1633, to Adam Bruce, younger son of Anthony Bruce of Waltoun, ancestor of the Comte de Bruce, deducing his descent, through the families of Bruce of Waltoun, Lethbertschielles, and Airth, from the house of Clackmannan, in which it is stated that Alexander Bruce of Airth was legitimate son of Sir Robert Bruce of Clackmannan.

[199] _Collegiate Churches of Mid-Lothian_, by D. Laing, p. cxx.

[200] Chart, Newbotle, 159. _Caledonia_, Vol. ii., p. 888.

[201] _Ibid._