Chapter XIII: Part 13

Gonzales, Gil, lxv

Guerra, Geronimo, clerk of “San Antonio”, 243, 244

Guzman el Bueno, xii, xiii

Hans, bombardier, 241

Haro, Cristoval de, xxxviii, lxv, 187, 188, 244

—— Diego de, xii

Heredia, Sancho de, notary in the fleet, 243

Jansen, lv

Jorge, Dom, xxxvii

Lorosa, Pero Afonso de, 24, 128, 131, 140

Louise, Regent, li, 47, 163, 182

Mafra, Gines de, 241

Magalbāes, Anna de, xv

—— Teresa de, xv

Mansur, Sultan, 126

Manuel, Dom, King of Portugal, iii, xxiv, xxxvii, 127

Martir, Peter, liii, 181

Matienzo, Dr. Sancho de, xxviii, xxxiii

Mello, Diego de, 240

Mendes, Martin, 243

Mendoça, Luis de, 3, 56, 177

Meneses, Duarte de, 255

—— Henrique de, 29, 241

—— Tristan de, 131

Mesquita, Alvaro de, 3, 7, 59, 195, 243

—— Martin de, xliii

Molino, Luis del, 237

Morales, licentiate, 241

Moreno, Anton, ship boy, 240

Names of Captains who accompanied Albuquerque to Goa, xxii, xxiii

—— of first circumnavigators, 175

—— of Philippine towns and chiefs, 105

Pacheco, Antonio, xx

Pancaldo, Leon, 240

Pedro, bombardier, 237, 239

Pereira, Francisco, 240

Pigafetta, 75, 104, 163, 175, 182

Pinelo, Lorenzo, xxxii

Poncero, Bautista, 240

Prim, General, xiii

Quesada, Gaspar de, xliii, 3, 56, 177, 243, 247

Reina, Pero Sanchez de, priest, 177

Reynell, cosmographer, xliv

Ribeiro, Diego, cosmographer, xliv

Ricalde, Juan Lopez de, xxviii, xxxiii, 243

Roger, Duarte, 238

Sá, Francisco de, xvii

Sanchez, Bartolomé, 238, 240

San Martin, Andres de, 6, 104, 178, 241, 242

Santa Cruz, Francisco de, xxxii

Sequeira, Diogo Lopez de, 131

Serrano, Francisco, iii, xlix, 127, 137

—— Juan, xxiii, xliii, xlix, 60, 103, 104, 201, 202

—— Marshal, Duque de la Torre, xiii

Solis, Juan de, 49, 188

Sousa, Bastian de, xvii

Speleta, Leon de, clerk of flag ship, 243

Valentyn, lviii

Vlaming, lvii

Wren, Richard, lv, lvi

ERRATA.

Page 11, Note, _for_ “Massana”, _read_ “Massaua”.

„ 57, Note, „ “Seameux”, „ “Scameux”

„ 234, Note, _after_ “Great Fish River”, _insert_ “or the Keiskamma River”.

T. RICHARDS, PRINTER, 37, GREAT QUEEN STREET.

FOOTNOTES:

[1] See Appendix V, pp. 392–396, to De Morga’s _Philippine
Islands_, Hakluyt Society, with respect to the negotiations about
the Moluccas.

[2] This opinion may be recommended to those who war on “pious
founders”.

[3] Thus Hazelrigg, Hampden, Cromwell, and Pym, _are said_ to have
been prevented by the Government from emigrating to New England
in 1638. See Palfrey’s _Hist. of New England_, vol. i, pp. 502,
503.

[4] “Escoras.”

[5] “Perdeo sua pobreza.”

[6] “Moradia.”

[7] Albuquerque did not arrive before Goa till the 24th November.
Correa, tom. II, p. 145.

[8] A facsimile of this signature is given in the plate.

[9] This document has been abridged here; it is taken from a copy
in the Torre do Tombo, made from another copy, which is very
illegible. The Spanish is rather antiquated, and much debased,
apparently by Portuguese copyists, who have mixed up their own
orthography. The Secretary’s name was Francisco, not Fernan.

[10] From this it appears that Magellan anticipated that America would
end like Africa.

[11] D. Jorge of Portugal, Bishop of Siguenza.

[12] The date of the year is not given; however, as the despatch
mentions this year as the year of the marriage, it must be
assumed to have been written in 1518. D. Manuel married the
daughter of Philip I, Da. Leonor, in Villa do Crato, 24th
November, 1518. The treaty of the marriage was made at Saragossa
22nd May, 1518, and ratified in Saragossa 16th July, 1518.

[13] Literally, the road to Coimbra.

[14] Meaning, he could become a hermit.

[15] This contemporary document confirms Osorio as to the cause of
Magellan’s being disgusted with the King of Portugal; some
historians have represented the quarrel as arising from a
distribution of plundered cattle. Gaspar Correa uses a similar
phrase to that in this despatch, “a hundred reis, more or less”.

[16] Compare this statement with that in the second line of the fifth
paragraph of this despatch.

[17] Diego Ribeiro was, later, the cosmographer of Charles V, and,
with Martin Centurion in 1524, he translated into Spanish the
Book of Duarte Barbosa and Magellan on the coasts of the Indian
Ocean.

[18] _Id est_, never be heard of again. See Major’s _Pce. Henry_, p.
374.

[19] The fame of Vasco da Gama.

[20] The nymphs of the _Ilha namorada_, or Fame.

[21] From the rather free translation of _Mickle_.

[22] A fuller treatise of navigation, as then practised, is contained
in a book written by Francisco Faleiro, probably a brother of Ruy
Faleiro, thus described by Barbosa Machado, in his _Biblioteca
Lusitana_:—“Francisco Faleiro, who was equally well versed in
astronomy and navigation, gave a clear statement of his science
in those arts in the following work: _Tratado de la Esfera y del
Arte de Marear, con el Regimento de las Alturas_. Sevilla, por
Juan Cronberger, 1535. 4to.” This book is very rare; there is a
copy in the Hydrographer’s office at Madrid.

[23] This name is omitted in the prologue of the edition of 1536.

[24] Greswell, _A View of the Early Parisian Greek Press_, vol. i, p.
94.

[25] The 10th of August was a Wednesday, and Monday was the 8th of
August: all the other dates of the week and month agree and are
consistent with each other.

[26] According to Albo’s Log-Book; according to Pigafetta, May 6.

[27] These dates are according to the ship’s time, which differed by a
day from the time at the Cape Verde Islands and Seville.

[28] Pigafetta says the fleet went out of Seville on the 10th of
August, 1519; that it sailed from S. Lucar on the 20th of
September, and reached Tenerife on the 26th, and continued its
voyage thence on the 3rd of October, navigating to the South.
_Lisbon Academy note._

[29] The Paris MS. has “south-west.” This must be the true reading.
_Lisbon Ac. note._ The Madrid MS. also has south-west.

[30] Pigafetta mentions this river, which is the Plata, in 34 deg. 20
min. _Lisbon Ac. note._

[31] Paris MS. “And they found themselves amongst some shoals.”
_Lisbon Ac. note._ The Madrid MS. is the same.

[32] Paris MS. “is in 24 degrees,” which seems clearly an error of
the copyists. _Lisbon Ac. note._ The Madrid MS. is in this case
similar to the Paris MS.

[33] Paris MS. “the bay.” _Lisbon Ac. note._ Madrid MS. “the bay.”

[34] We have not found mention of this name of “Bahia dos trabalhos”
in any other writer. _Lisbon Ac. note._

[35] Pigafetta puts this port in 49 deg. 30 min. The Transylvan in 49
and ⅓; Barros in 50 deg., and says they arrived there on the 2nd
of April. _Lisbon Ac. note._

[36] Paris MS. “eight hours.” _Lisbon Ac. note._ The Madrid MS. has
“seven hours.”

[37] The ship _Victoria_.

[38] The ship _Conception_.

[39] Alvaro de Mesquita was a cousin of Magellan.

[40] The ship which was here lost was the _Santiago_, the captain of
which was Joāo Serrāo. _Lisbon Ac. note._

[41] There seems to be some mistake here or transcriber’s error. It
is seen by the narrative that the navigators, having arrived at
Port St. Julian at the end of March, or beginning of April, and
going out of it on the 24th of August, they wintered there for
the space of four months and twenty-four days, and this is what
Pigafetta says: “they passed there nearly five months.” _Lisbon
Ac. note._

[42] “E havia delles ao sull 73 gr. menos 10 minutos.” It has been
impossible for us to understand the calculations of the writer
in this place. _Lisbon Ac. note._ A possible explanation of this
passage may be found in a passage of Castanheda, lib. 6, cap. 13,
which describes St. Julian as distant from Seville 71 deg. from
North to South, and this calculation would refer to the distance
from Seville.

[43] The anonymous Portuguese, the companion of Duarte Barbosa, says
they gave it the name of “Santa Cruz,” because they arrived there
the 14th of September, the day of the Exaltation of the Holy
Cross. _Lisbon Ac. note._

[44] In the _Illustrated News_ of March 27th, 1869, there is a drawing
of some Patagonians: these are represented almost exactly as they
are described in the text, for some of them have their shoulders
bare, and the skins let down below the waist as here described.

[45] Probably in the ship which fled away, as will be mentioned later.
_Lisbon Ac. note._

[46] Amoretti, the editor of Pigafetta, observes, that whilst the
fleet was in the river of Santa Cruz, between 50 deg. and 40 deg.
South latitude, there was, on the 11th of October, an eclipse of
the Sun, “_which_ (he says) _the Portuguese and Spanish writers
mention, and which is registered in the astronomical tables_:”
and he judges it to be an error of Castanheda putting this
phenomenon on the 17th of April, and his attributing to Magellan
the calculation of longitude of which he speaks. Barros also
mentions an eclipse of the sun in April. It is noteworthy that
neither our pilot’s narrative nor Pigafetta mentions a phenomenon
which still in those times did not happen without causing some
impression on men’s minds, or at least without exciting public
curiosity. _Lisbon Ac. note._

I am indebted to the courtesy of the Astronomer Royal, Mr. G. B.
Airy, for the following information, which confirms Castanheda
and Barros: “1520, April 17. There was certainly (from our own
calculations) a total solar eclipse about 1.20 +P.M.+ Greenwich
time. But in the Art de verifier les dates, in which the extreme
Southern eclipses are not included, none is mentioned for April
17: consequently the eclipse was a Southern eclipse, crossing the
South Atlantic.”

[47] This is the famous strait which till this day is named the Strait
of Magellan, for the eternal and glorious memory of the famous
Portuguese who discovered it. Castanheda says that Magellan, on
account of arriving there on the 1st of November, gave it the
name of All Saints’ bay, and in the answer which André de S.
Martin gave to the inquiries made to him about that navigation,
he also names the channel that of All Saints’ (Barros, Dec. 3,
liv. 5, cap. 9). The anonymous Portuguese, the companion of
Duarte Barbosa, whom we have quoted above, and who sailed in
the “Victoria,” says that at first the navigators called it the
Strait of the Victoria, because that ship was the first which
sighted it. (Ramusio, 3rd edition, tom. i. page 370). _Lisbon Ac.
note._

[48] Alvaro de Mesquita, a Portuguese, and cousin of Magellan, was
captain of this ship which went to explore the passages of the
Straits, and did not return, and its pilot was Estevan Gomes,
also a Portuguese. This Estevan Gomes had been requesting the
Emperor Charles V. to confide to him a few caravels to go and
discover new lands; but as the proposal and enterprise of
Mazellan then interposed itself, and was preferred and accepted,
Estevan Gomes continued after that to be a great enemy of the
illustrious captain, and now profited by the opportunity to
revenge himself on him, and to give vent to his rabid envy. He
conspired, therefore, with others against the captain of his
ship, Alvaro de Mesquita; they put him in irons, and brought him
thus to Spain with the ship, telling the Emperor _that Magellan
was crazy, and had lied to His Majesty, because he did not
know where Banda was, nor Maluco_. Besides this, they brought
accusations against Mesquita of having counselled and persuaded
Magellan to use the severity and cruelty with which he punished
the first conspirators, etc. (V. the Letter of Transylvanus and
Castanheda, liv. 6, cap. 8). _Lisbon Ac. note._

[49] The ships _S. Antonio_ and _Conception_ were sent on this
exploration of the Straits; they were with difficulty able to
double the Cape Possession, named thus in Bougainville’s map,
and in others. They at length entered a narrow opening, which in
the maps is named the first gut, and they proceeded thence to
another bay, which is named Boucant bay, or Boucam. At the end of
this they entered into another strait, named the second gut, and
having passed that, they came out into another bay larger than
the former ones. Then, seeing that the strait was prolonged and
offered an outlet to the ships, they returned with the good news
to Magellan, who was waiting for them, and on seeing him, they
fired off all their artillery and shouted for joy. The fleet then
sailed together as far as the third bay, and as they found two
channels, Magellan despatched the two vessels, _S. Antonio_ and
_Conception_, to examine whether the channel, which took the S.W.
direction, would issue into the Pacific sea. Here it was that the
ship _S. Antonio_ deserted, going ahead of its companion for that
purpose. The other two ships, _Victoria_ and _Trinity_, meanwhile
entered the third channel, where they waited four days for the
explorers. During this interval, Magellan despatched a well
equipped boat to discover the cape with which the strait ought to
terminate: this having been sighted, and the boat returning with
the news, all shed tears of consolation, and they gave to this
cape the name of Cape Desire; it is that which is at the outlet
of the strait on the South side. They then turned back to seek
for the ships _Conception_ and _S. Antonio_, and leaving marks
by which this one might steer, in case of its having lost the
way (for they were still ignorant of its desertion), they sailed
forward until they came out into the Pacific Ocean. _Lisbon Ac.
note._

[50] The Paris Manuscript has “fully in 52 degrees.” _Lisbon Ac. note._

[51] Pigafetta remarks: In the strait in which they were, in the month
of October, the night was only of three hours; and Transylvan
says that, in November the navigators found the night of little
more than five hours; and that on one night they saw to the left
hand many fires. It is from this that that country came to be
called _Terra do fogo_. _Lisbon Ac. note._

[52] The Paris MS. has, and also others which were, &c. Pigafetta
places these two islands in 15 deg. and 9 deg. South latitude.
See Amoretti’s note, p. 45, upon their situation, in which he
supposes them to be in the archipelago of the Society Islands.
In some maps they are designated by the name of _Infortunadas_.
_Lisbon Ac. note._

[53] Some writers remark that Magellan gave to these islands the name
of _Ilhas das velas_, on account of the many vessels with sails
which he observed in that neighbourhood. But they continued
to be commonly called _Ladrones_; later they took the name of
_Mariannas_, in honour of the Queen D. Marianna of Austria, widow
of Philip IV, and Regent during the minority of D. Carlos II. of
Castile. _Lisbon Ac. note._

[54] _Parós_: so our manuscripts always write it. In the edition of
Pigafetta it is constantly written _praós_. It is the same kind
of vessel that our writers of the affairs of Asia name _paraó_,
which is of various sizes, and is much used in the South Sea
Islands. Pigafetta says it is a kind of fusta or galliot. _Lisbon
Ac. note._

[55] The Paris manuscript has “much refreshments of fruit.” _Lisbon
Ac. note._

[56] “A primeira;” the Paris manuscript has “da primeira;” this means,
which was first sighted. See the _Relation of Pigafetta_,
_Amoretti_, p. 54, March 16, 1521. _Lisbon Ac. note._

[57] Pigafetta says: “We named the watering place of _Good Signs_,
because here we found two springs of excellent water, and the
first signs of there being gold in the country.” _Lisbon Ac.
note._

[58] Paris MS. _Guoroos._ _Lisbon Ac. note._

[59] Paris, “Chinas.”

[60] Paris MS.: “To which they gave the name of Archipelago of St.
Lazarus.” We suspect there is some error of the copyist here
in our text, not only on account of the novelty of the name
_Vall Sem Periguo_, but also on account of its impropriety. The
Paris MS. says simply Archipelago of St. Lazarus. Pigafetta
also says, “They gave the name of Archipelago of St. Lazarus,”
as they arrived there on the 5th Sunday of Lent, which is named
of Lazarus. Now, these islands are named Philippines, which was
given them in the year 1542, in honour of D. Philip of Austria,
son of Charles V, and afterwards King of Castile. They are
between 225 deg. and 235 deg. W. long. of Ferro, consequently
between 195 deg. and 205 deg. from the line of demarcation.
_Lisbon Ac. note._

[61] Paris MS.; “They ran a matter of 25 leagues from that.”

[62] Madrid MS., 9 degrees.

[63] Paris MS., Maçaguoa. Madrid MS., Maquamguoa.

[64] It appears this cross was set up in the island of Massaua, where
Mass was celebrated on the last day of March, which in this year
was Easter Sunday. The island is set down by Pigafetta in 9 deg.
40 min., and the editor puts it in 192 deg. W. long. from the
line of demarcation.

[65] This island, which is named and written Cabo in both MSS., is the
island Zebu, one of the Philippines, which others write Çabu,
Zabu, Subsuth, Zubut, Cubo, Subo, and Zubo, for it is found in
all these forms in different writings. _Lisbon Ac. note._

[66] Paris MS.: “And burned a village of those who would not yield the
said obedience.” The narrative of Pigafetta states: “He burned
twenty or thirty houses of the village.” _Lisbon Ac. note._

[67] Pigafetta says: “We were 60 armed men, 48 went on shore with
Magellan; the 11 remained to guard the boats.” _Lisbon Ac. note._

[68] Paris MS.: “And went against the said place, and it was on the
27th day of April.” Pigafetta also places this event on the 27th
of April, and observes that it was on _Saturday_, which in truth
took place that year on the 27th, and not on the 28th of April.
_Lisbon Ac. note._

[69] Pigafetta says: “With eight of our men there perished four
Indians of those who had become Christians, and we had many
wounded, I being one of them; of the enemy there fell only
fifteen men.” _Lisbon Ac. note._

[70] Pigafetta says: “We then chose instead of the captain, Duarte
Barbosa, a Portuguese, his relation, and John Serrano, a
Spaniard. The first commanded the flagship.”

[71] Paris MS.: “They killed the two captains, and also 26 men with
them.” It was on this occasion that Duarte Barbosa, a Portuguese,
and brother-in-law of Magellan, was killed. He was one of the
captains here mentioned. Some of our writers have said, or
conjectured, that Duarte Barbosa was killed by poison; but this
is a mistake. The barbarians, indeed, drew the Castilians ashore
under the pretext of giving them a banquet, but it does not
follow from that that they poisoned them. The Transylvan says:
_inter epulandum, ab iis, qui in insidiis collocati fuerant,
opprimuntur. Fit clamor undique: nuntiatur protinus in navibus
nostros occisos._ See Barros, 3, 5, 10. The other captain, who
was John Serrano, was not killed, but remained alive in the
hands of the barbarians at the time the boats made off, because,
notwithstanding the most mournful supplications which he made
from the shore for rescue, Joan Lopes de Carvalho feared further
treachery, and ordered the anchor to be weighed. _Lisbon Ac.
note._

[72] Paris MS.: “One Yoam Lopez de Carvalho.” _Lisbon Ac. note._

[73] Paris MS.: “Gonzalo Gomez Despinosa.” _Lisbon Ac. note._

[74] Barros says 180 men, and this seems more probable, considering
the number of the men who sailed in the fleet and of those who
might then have been lost, and those who were lost later, and
also of those who at last reached Ternate and Europe. _Lisbon Ac.
note._ The Madrid MS. has 180 men, written in full, “Semte he
oytēta homēs.”

[75] Pigafetta says they burned the ship _Conception_.

[76] Paris MS., “Quype.” _Lisbon Ac. note._

[77] Paris MS. has “two islets.” _Lisbon Ac. note._

[78] Paris MS.: “which is named Cagujam, and is in seven degrees; from
this they went on further to the West North-west.” _Lisbon Ac.
note._ Madrid MS. seven degrees.

[79] Paris MS., “to the North-east.” Madrid MS., “North-east.” The
Lisbon Academy copyist has North-west, and has mistaken the Paris
MS. on this point.

[80] This position seems to indicate the island of Palavan, which
Pigafetta places in 9 deg. 20 min. _Lisbon Ac. note._

[81] Paris MS., “Degameāo.” _Lisbon Ac. note._ Madrid MS., “Dygamçam.”

[82] Paris MS., “ypalajra cara canāo.” _Lisbon Ac. note._ I read this,
“y palay cu cara canāo:” the Madrid MS. has “fulay cucara cabam.”
The word _palay_, Tagal for rice, and the next sentence in the
text seem to indicate that an offer to trade was mistaken for the
name of this island.

[83] Paris MS., “one hundredweight and fourteen pounds.” _Lisbon Ac.
note._

[84] Paris MS., “Digaçāo;” it is also written Digamcā and Digāçā.
_Lisbon Ac. note._

[85] Paris MS., “21st day of June.” _Lisbon Ac. note._ Madrid MS.,
“21st day of June.”

[86] Paris MS. “The island to the North is named Bolava, and that to
the South Bamdill.” _Lisbon Ac. note._ Madrid MS., “Bolina and
Bamdill.”

[87] Paris MS., “the neighbourhood of the port of Borneo.” _Lisbon Ac.
note._

[88] Paris MS., “Gonzalo Gomez Despinosa.”

[89] Paris MS., “with seventeen men.” _Lisbon Ac. note._ I read
twenty-seven in the Paris MS.

[90] _Sem se aproveitar nada delle_, or, without their having made any
use of it.

[91] Paris MS. “And so remained a matter of fourteen hours, for it was
low water, by which it was clearly seen that the tide was of
fourteen hours.” _Lisbon Ac. note._

[92] Paris MS., “Cagamja.” _Lisbon Ac. note._

[93] Paris MS., “Solloque.” _Ibid._

[94] Paris MS., “Tamgyma.” _Ibid._

[95] Paris MS., “Sagu.” _Ibid._

[96] Paris MS., “Samyns.” _Ibid._

[97] Paris MS., “light.” _Lisbon Ac. note._ The Paris MS. seems to me
to have “fresquo,” and not “ffraquo.”

[98] Paris MS., “Calibes.” _Lisbon Ac. note._

[99] Paris MS., “five hundred.” _Lisbon Ac. note._

[100] Paris MS., “in these discussions.” _Lisbon Ac. note._

[101] Paris MS. “of Tidore.” _Lisbon Ac. note._

[102] Pigafetta says: “On Friday, 8th of November, 1521, three hours
before sunset, we entered the port of an island called Tadore
... 27 months less two days had passed that we had been seeking
Maluco.” _Lisbon Ac. note._

[103] Pigafetta puts this island in 0 deg. 27 min. _Lisbon Ac. note._

[104] In the Paris MS. this word _tem_ is wanting. _Lisbon Ac. note._

[105] Paris MS., “another bahar.” _Lisbon Ac. note._

[106] Paris MS., “Tarnate.” _Lisbon Ac. note._

[107] This clause seems to have been added to the text by the copyist;
because the fortress of Ternate was only begun in the year
1522, on St. John’s day, when Antonio de Brito was captain.
(Castanheda, 1. 6, cap. 12). _Lisbon Ac. note._ This clause may
belong to the writer, the pilot, since he mentions the fortress
and Antonio de Brito later, subsequent to July of 1522.

[108] The Portuguese here mentioned seems to be Pedro Affonso de
Lourosa, who betrayed the Portuguese and passed over to the
Castilians, according to Pigafetta’s account. _Lisbon Ac. note._

[109] Paris MS., “Bargāo.” _Lisbon Ac. note._ I read this Bachāo; this
is the correct spelling.

[110] The flagship was the _Trinidade_. _Lisbon Ac. note._

[111] Pigafetta says the King sent five divers, and afterwards three
more, who could not stop the water. _Lisbon Ac. note._

[112] Pigafetta sailed in this ship the _Victoria_. The _Trinidade_,
after refitting, took the opposite course and sailed for Yucatan
and the isthmus of Darien, which is here called _land of the
Antilles_; but it found itself obliged to put back to the
Moluccas, and whilst about to discharge its cargo at Ternate, was
cast on shore. _Lisbon Ac. note._

[113] Paris MS., “Tydore.” _Lisbon Ac. note._ The correct reading.

[114] Paris MS., “North-north-east.” _Lisbon Ac. note._

[115] Paris MS., “Domy.” _Lisbon Ac. note._

[116] Paris MS. “The large one is named Chāol, and the small one
Pyliom.” _Lisbon Ac. note._

[117] Paris MS., “Quemarre.” _Lisbon Ac. note._

[118] Paris MS., “_agoa_,” water, but _hava_ or _ava_ is a drink used
in those countries. _Lisbon Ac. note._

[119] Paris MS., “Camarro.” _Lisbon Ac. note._

[120] Paris MS., “25th.” _Lisbon Ac. note._

[121] Paris MS., “steered seventeen leagues eastwards.” _Lisbon Academy
note._

[122] Paris MS., “Chao.” _Lisbon Ac. note._

[123] Paris MS., “Batechina.” _Lisbon Ac. note._

[124] Paris MS., “West.” _Lisbon Ac. note._

[125] Paris MS., “islands of St. John:” it also says they made them on
the 6th. _Lisbon Ac. note._

[126] Paris MS., “Chyquom.” _Lisbon Ac. note._

[127] Paris MS., “11th of June.” _Lisbon Ac. note._ July will be the
correct reading.

[128] Paris MS., “Magregua.” _Lisbon Ac. note._

[129] Paris MS., “Māo.” _Ibid._

[130] Paris MS., “the black man and three Christians.” _Ibid._

[131] Paris MS., “Gelolo.” _Ibid._

[132] Paris MS., “certain men with letters.” _Ibid._

[133] Paris MS., “Dom Garcia.” Garcia, and not Gonzalo, was the name of
this gentleman. See Barros and Castanheda. _Lisbon Ac. note._

[134] Paris MS., “Sam Joze.” _Lisbon Ac. note._ I read this “Sam Jorge.”

[135] Paris MS., “a squall at night.” _Lisbon Ac. note._ I read this
“do norte” from the north, and not “de noite.”

[136] It is easily seen that this note does not belong to the
_Roteiro_, and that it was added by the copyist: we have already
noticed the difference which there is between it and another
similar note of the Paris MS. It seems that the person who wrote
it made some mistake, owing to there having been many gentlemen
of the name of Menezes at that time in India.... D. Henrique de
Menezes succeeded Vasco da Gama, in 1524, as Governor of India,
and therefore could not be the D. Amrique de Menezes who came to
the kingdom in 1524, as the note says. This deserving Governor
died at Cananor on the day of the Purification of 1526. _Lisbon
Ac. note._

[137] Son Seigneur osservatissime.

[138] Charles V was elected Emperor the 28th June, 1519.

[139] Chiericato. Milan edition.

[140] Clement VII (Medici) was elected Pontiff in 1523, and died in
1534.

[141] Monterosi. Milan edition.

[142] The Milan edition attributes this desire to the Pope.

[143] Fortunes.

[144] Jonq.

[145] Estrenque, made of esparta.

[146] Bonnette = stun sail, formerly added below the square sail.

[147] Groupade.

[148] Milan edition adds here, _formerly_.

[149] 1519.

[150] Garbin and Libeccio.

[151] South-east.

[152] Donnassent à travers.

[153] La grande gabbe.

[154] N’avoyent point de fondement.

[155] In reality this bird swallows the fish which it forces the
fishing bird to disgorge.

[156] The Milan edition has “flesh of the Anta, like that of a cow”;
and a note says the anta is the tapir.

[157] Haim.

[158] Aigueillette, same as esquillette.

[159] Coffin.

[160] Naveau, for navette.

[161] Le jour de Saincte Lucie aux auantz de Noël.

[162] Par zenit.

[163] Or of Lespere.

[164] Rabotent.

[165] Papegaulx.

[166] Fabre’s French printed edition, and the Italian edition of 1536,
both _include_ the women and children:—

“Quasi tous tant homes que femmes que enfants ont trois pertuis
en la levre dembas,” etc. “Tutti gli huomini donne et fanciulli
hanno tre buchi.” etc.

[167] Tané.

[168] De petites chattes maymounes.

[169] Leur lombric sur leschine.

[170] Milan edition calls it wood of Brasile.

[171] Musser.

*–*: This passage is from MS. No. 68, the Regent Louisa’s copy,
for whom it appears to have been adapted; that in No. 5650, and
in Amoretti and Fabre’s editions, is less fit for publication:
the words from * to [171] are omitted in No. 68.

[172] The 1536 edition omits the story of the girl, and instead says:—

“Nella prima costa di terra che ariuammo, ad alcune femine
schiave che haueuamo leuate ne le naui d’altri paesi, & erano
grauide vennero le doglie del parto, per il che loro sole si
uscirono di naue, & smontorono in terra, & partorito che hebbero
con li figluoli in braccio se ne ritornarono subito in nave.”

Fabre says:—

“En la première coste que passerent aulcunes esclaves enfanterent
et quant estoient en traveil se mirent hors du basteau et après
retournerent au basteau et nourrirent leurs enfans.”

This story is improbable, as women were not allowed to come on
board ship. Fabre then relates the story of the young girl.

[173] Canibali.

[174] Solis.

[175] “Contremont.”

[176] Falkner (1774, Hereford) in his account of Patagonia, says he saw
men among the Puelches seven feet six inches high.

[177] “Combien.”

[178] The guanaco, a kind of Lama.

[179] “Empanées.”

[180] “Besongnes.”

[181] “Brasse.”

[182] “Sayon.”

[183] “Bragues marinieres.”

[184] “Bouffer”, to be angry, also to blow, to puff.

[185] Setebos, though represented by the Spaniards as a demon, would,
no doubt, be the Patagonian name of the Deity. Shakespeare has
twice brought in Setebos in the _Tempest_, as invoked by Caliban.
There can be no doubt of his having got the name of Setebos from
the account of Magellan’s voyage.

[186] “Carvalho.”

[187] “Escouppetes.”

[188] “Collère.”

[189] “Et lient leur membre dedans le corps pour le très grand froid.”

[190] On account of their large feet.

[191] “Egiptiens.”

[192] Coffin.

[193] Milan edition calls him “vehadore”, overseer or purveyor.

[194] “Contador.” Milan edition.

[195] “Quesada.”

[196] Maximilian, the Transylvanian, relates that when Gomez abandoned
Magellan in the Straits, he returned by this spot and picked up
these two men.

[197] “Capres,” mussels or oysters; the Milan edition adds, that they
were not eatable.

[198] “Connins.”

[199] “Plus petites assez que les notres:” “assai piu piccoli”. Milan
edition.

[200] “Scameux.”

[201] The MS. is thus divided, but without numbers to the chapters.

[202] “Et quasi autant de largeur moins de demye lieue.”

[203] “La mer paisible.”

[204] “Surgir.”

[205] “De mettre les proysses en terre.”

[206] Martin Behaim, who lived at Fayal and Nuremberg. A globe was
constructed at Nuremberg under the instructions of Martin Behaim
in 1492, and given by him to the town of Nuremberg. This globe
disproves the idea that Martin Behaim or his maps had indicated
to Magellan any straits, for the whole continent of America is
absent from it.

[207] “Trauerse.”

[208] “Chevaucher.”

[209] “Entrer à sec.”

[210] “Canton.”

[211] (“Comme abandonnans.”)

[212] “Souspecon.”

[213] His name was Estevan Gomez.

[214] Cousin.

[215] “A la fin.”

[216] “Apium dulce.”

[217] Golondrina in Spanish, a swallow.

[218] In the Milan edition “Barba”, the beard.

[219] “Flairer, odorat,” to smell.

[220] A parrot, not in the Milan edition.

[221] “Lapis lazuli”, in the Milan edition “Gemma”.

[222] In the Milan edition “nieve”, snow.

[223] In the Milan edition “coprire, couvrir”.

[224] An ostrich, not in the Milan edition.

[225] Not in the Milan edition.

[226] Food, the root used as bread.

[227] This passage is not quite clear:—“Quand il me veyt escripre ces
noms après luy demandant des aultres il mentendoit auecq la plume
en main.”

[228] The printed edition of Milan has: “ammalato dell’ infermità di
cui mori.”

[229] “Antena magiore.”

[230] “Sartia.”

[231] “Segature de asse.” “Segature di tavole.” Milan.

[232] “Escu, mezzo-ducato.” Milan edition.

[233] Effects of scurvy. Gama’s seamen suffered in the same way, after
passing the Cape of Good Hope.

[234] “Nous allasmes en ung goulfe.”

[235] “En tirant au vent haustral.” For these islands, see the log book
of Francisco Albo.

[236] The Milan edition has here: “According to the reckoning we made
with the chain astern.”

[237] “Aulcunesfoys a lorce on autrement.”

[238] The Milan edition has here the words: “All round the earth,”
which makes the meaning clearer.

[239] “Car on y veoit plusieurs estoilles petites congregées ensemble
qui sont en guise de deux nuées ung peu separées l’une de
l’autre, et ung peu obfusquées.” The Magellanic clouds.

[240] “Au milieu desquelles sont deux estelles non trop grandes ne
moult reluysantes, et petitement se mouvent.” The Milan edition
has: “Due stulle molto grande e rilucenti, che hanno poco moto.”

[241] “Nostre calamite ung peu tiroit toujours a son pol arctique.
Neantmoins navoit point tant de force comme de son coste et sa
bande.” Milan edition has: “La nostra calamita volgeasi sempre al
polo artico, deviando però alcun poco dal punto del settentrione.”

[242] “Goulfe, in mezzo al mare.”

[243] “Le captaine-general demanda a tous les pillotz allant tousiours
a la voyle par quel chemyn nauigant on puntuast es cartes.
Lesquelz tous respondirent par sa voye punctuellement donnée.
Et il respondit quilz punctuoyent faulsement (chose qui estoit
ainsi), et quil conuenoit auister laigueille du nauiguer porce
que ne recepuoit tant de force comme de sa part.” The Milan
edition has: “Cïo ben sapeva il nostro capitano generale, e
perciò, quando ci trovanno veleggiando in mezzo al mare, egli
domando a tutti i piloti, ai quali già indicato aveva il punto
a cui doveano tendere, per qual cammino puntassero nelle loro
carte; risposer tutti, che puntavano al luogo da lui ordinato:
ed egli disse che puntavano falso; e che conveniva ajutare l’ago
calamitato, il quale in tal posizione non era attrato con tanta
forza, quanto lo è dalla sua parte, cioè nell’ emisfero boreale.”

[244] “Et sont tres justes l’une avecques laultre.” Milan: “Ed
esattamente disposte in forma di croce.” Dante may have heard of
the S. Cross through Marco Polo.

[245] “Du vent de midy.”

[246] “Le mydy.”

[247] “Vers le leuant”; it should be “ponant.”

[248] Cattigara. Cape Comorin, in 8 deg. 27 min. N. latitude.

[249] The Milan edition has seventy.

[250] “La volte du vent de maestral.”

[251] The Milan edition has here: “Which did not fail to cause
compassion.”

[252] The Milan edition has for “I believe”, “certainly”.

[253] Bananas, or plantains.

[254] Stores.

[255] “Nattes.”

[256] “Baston.”

[257] Milan edition, “fusiniere”: boats named after Fusine, from which
people are ferried to Venice.

[258] For paddles.

[259] Now called Samar, in the Philippine group.

[260] Instead of these words the Milan edition has: “Which later we
learned was named Humunù.” Amoretti says this island is situated
near Cape Guigan of the Island of Samar.

[261] Amoretti presumes this sow was brought from the Ladrones.
Desbrosses, t. 11, p. 55.

[262] “Congé.”

[263] “Apparant.” Milan edition, “principale”.

[264] “Apparant.” Milan edition, “ornati”.

[265] The Milan edition adds here: “We learned that the island which
they came from was named Zuluan, and it is a small island.”

[266] Milan: “Sociable.”

[267] Arrak.

[268] Bananas. The Milan edition has: “More than a palm in length.”

[269] Cocoa-nuts.

[270] “Verdeur.”

[271] Here the Milan edition adds: “And reduced it to flour.”

[272] Milan edition has: “Takes the consistency of honey.”

[273] Milan edition has: “Thick as butter.”

[274] Here the Milan edition adds: “But its trunk, without being
smooth, is less knotty.”

[275] Milan edition has: “We were told that one of these trees lasts,”
etc.

[276] *–* Here omitted in Milan edition.

[277] “Matia.”

[278] “Aquade des bons signes.”

[279] This word is not in the Milan edition, nor in the Tagal
Dictionary.

[280] “Picquetez”, not in Ste. Palaye’s Glossary.

[281] “Tanez.”

[282] “Giongioli.”

[283] “Fascines,” “faxina.” “Foscine,” Milan edition.

[284] Milan edition: “Like our rizali.”

[285] “Chambre des munitions.” “Mezza de guarnigione.” Milan edition.

[286] “Ponnant et le garbin.”

[287] Malay.

[288] “Aez = ais.” Milan edition: “Tavola.”

[289] “Sporta”, Milan edition: “basket.”

[290] “Intimate friends,” Tagal Dictionary.

[291] The Milan edition represents the King as making the request, and
the captain-general consenting to it.

[292] The Milan edition adds here: “At each mouthful we drank a cup
of wine, and whatever remained in the cup, though that rarely
happened, was put into another vase.”

[293] “Brouet.” “Brodo,” Milan edition.

[294] It will be seen further on that these brothers were kings or
lords of two cities on the coast of Mindanao, of which one was
named Butuan, the other Calagan. The first place retains its
name, the other is named Caragua. The King of Butuan was also
King of the Island of Massaua, between Mindanao and Samar. Note,
Milan edition.

[295] The Milan edition adds here: “On each of his teeth he had three
spots of gold, so that his teeth appeared to be bound with gold.”

[296] Massaua.

[297] Milan edition: “Siagu.”

[298] “Pourpoints.”

[299] Ceylon is the island of Leyte, and Zzubu is Sebu. Milan edition.

[300] “Malle adventure.”

[301] If Massaua is the island Limassava of Bellin’s map, it is in 9
deg. 40 min. N. latitude, but in 190 deg. W. longitude from the
line of demarcation. Note, Milan edition.

[302] “Gatighan.” Milan edition.

[303] “Pipistrelli.” Milan edition.

[304] “Bien une brassée.”

[305] “Haulsent.”

[306] “Massava.”

[307] “Illecques.”

[308] “Nourry.” Milan edition: “Un suo allievo.”

[309] Siam.

[310] “Cata Raja chita.” Milan edition.

[311] That is the hereditary prince.

[312] “Bariselle.” Milan edition: “Bargello maggiore.”.

[313] The usage of drinking through a tube was also observed by Van
Noort among these peoples. Note, Milan edition.

[314] “Gens de bon temps.”

[315] “Pardeça;” that is to say, “Par de ça la Loire,” or “Langue
d’oil.” Languedoc was called “Par de la.” The Milan edition
describes the scales as a wooden pole suspended in the middle,
with a basin suspended by three cords at one end, and a cord at
the other end with a weight equal to the basin to which weights
are attached.

[316] “Sonnent de zampogne.”

[317] Perhaps this should be Sulin. _Vide_ Marsden, _Malay Dictionary_.

[318] Lagan, a largo sea snail. _Tagal Dictionary._

[319] The Milan edition says he was before named Raja Humabon.

[320] After the death of Magellan the image of the Infant Jesus was
preserved as an idol until the year 1598, in which the Spaniards
returned to that place with missionaries, who, having found it,
not only placed it in veneration, but gave to the city which
they founded there the name of City of Jesus, which it still
preserves. Note of Milan edition.

[321] Here ends the translation made from the French MS.; what follows
is from the Milan edition.

[322] “Si” is a prefix of honour to a proper name.

[323] Spear, like a partisan, but larger. French MS. of Nancy.

[324] The text of this appeal has been given by M. Denis in the
_Univers Pittoresque_, from the MS. of Nancy, now of Sir Thomas
Phillipps’ library.

[325] “Compadre.”

[326] See Note, p. 95.

[327] This island is still named Bohol.

[328] Panilongon, now called Panlao.

[329] Mindanao. The French edition of the year IX calls it “Butuan”.

[330] A river which comes into the Bay of Kipit.

[331] Probably two hours after nightfall.

[332] See p. 78.

[333] Luçon.

[334] The author speaks of this nation further on.

[335] Borneo.

[336] This paragraph is not in Amoretti’s edition, and is taken from
the French edition of 1802.

[337] Borneo.

[338] That is to say, “To move against the stream on account of the
contrary currents.” Note to Amoretti’s edition.

[339] Ramusio has five leagues, but the Milan MS. has fifty, which is
the real distance.

[340] This number seems exaggerated. Now it has only two or three
thousand houses. _Hist. Générale des Voyages_, tom. xv, p. 138.
Note, Milan edition.

[341] They do likewise now at high tide. Note, Milan edition.

[342] “Cherita-tulis,” writers of narratives.

[343] The Portuguese introduced Christianity into this country, which
lasted till 1590. Now the Gentiles have been obliged to abandon
the sea-coast, and have retired to the mountains. _Sonnerat_,
Note of Milan edition.

[344] Here some details are omitted, which, with the whole of this
paragraph, have been written by Pigafetta, because he was an
Italian, and not a Spaniard or Portuguese, in which case he would
have been better informed.

[345] An error natural enough in an Italian.

[346] Brass or bronze. Note, Milan edition.

[347] “Pitis”, small coin, 600 to a dollar at Achin.

[348] The Milan edition has added to the text, “_which project outside_
for a counterpoise”; and supposes this refers to an outrigger.
Junks have no outriggers; prahus have projecting gunwales, which
widen the deck.

[349] This latitude is that of the northern point of Borneo; the
longitude is much diminished, as usual. Pigafetta has taken care
to mark in his map of the island of Borneo, his voyage of fifty
leagues from the point to the port, and has placed Laöe at the
southern point of the island. Note, Milan edition.

[350] Now named Balaba. Note, Milan edition.

[351] The Babi-rusa, or hog deer.

[352] “Picciulo.”

[353] Other travellers have seen similar leaves, and being more versed
in natural history than our Pigafetta, soon knew that the motion
of these leaves came from the insect which lived inside. (_Hist.
Gén. des Voy._, tom. XV, p. 58.) Note, Milan edition.

[354] In the isle of Mindanao.

[355] Islets.

[356] Sulu.

[357] Now named Basilan.

[358] Mindanao.

[359] From this probably comes the word “Cinnamomum”.

[360] This receipt was recently attributed, in some newspaper
paragraph, to the Battas of Sumatra, 1874.

[361] Cape Benaian is the most northern cape of the island, and has
still the same name. Note, Milan edition.

[362] The islands here mentioned belong to that group in which modern
geographers reckon Kararotan, Linop, and Cabrocana; after which
is found Sanghir, the beautiful island of the author: others
name it Sanguil. This island has many islets to the S.W., which
Pigafetta mentions later. Cabiu, Cabalussu, Limpang, and Nussa,
are mentioned in the list of islands which in 1682 belonged to
the King of Ternate. Note, Milan edition.

[363] In the list of islands belonging to the King of Ternate, are
found Karkitang, Para, Sangaluhan, Siau.

[364] Pangazara, Talaut, and Mahono, are in the above quoted list.

[365] Tidore.

[366] A testoon was worth half a ducat. Note, Milan edition.

[367] When the Portuguese, Brito, was sent to govern the Moluccas in
1511, this Raja Abuleis lived, and he names him Raja Beglif.
Note, Milan edition.

[368] “Chechil” or “Cachil”, a title.

[369] A hundredweight.

[370] Pedro Alfonso de Lorosa.

[371] The northern cape at the mouth of the Rio de la Plata.

[372] Gilolo.

[373] The Dutch observed later that this does not happen. Note, Milan
edition.

[374] This refers to the dress of men at arms of the period, which was
not decent.

[375] Perhaps these are what the Malays use for pens.

[376] Chingké, Chinese for “odorous nails”.

[377] “Subhan”, or giving praise.

[378] “A furia.”

[379] S. Barbara is the patroness of powder magazines, which on board
French ships are called Sainte Barbe.

[380] “Frixeto,” “_nastro_” or “_settuccia_,” “_ribbon_,” is so called
now in Genoese. Note, Milan edition.

[381] Marcello, a coin struck at Venice by the Doge Nicolò Marcello in
1473, of silver, weighing as much as a sequin, and worth about
sixpence. Note, Milan edition.

[382] “Verzi.”

[383] Yucatan.

[384] Or minister.

[385] A kind of Ananas. Note, Milan edition.

[386] The longitude is wrong, as usual. Note, Milan edition.

[387] The volcanoes of Ternate and Machian, which caused such havoc in
the last century by their explosions, did not then emit flames or
smoke, since Pigafetta would not have omitted to mention them.

[388] Laboan, an islet considered now as part of Bachian. Note, Milan
edition.

[389] “Xulla” of Robert’s Atlas, and “Xoula” of the Dutch. Note, Milan
edition.

[390] Comparing this with what the author writes a little further
on, there is another proof that he took down the names of
the islands, and laid down their positions, as he thought he
understood the pilots who spoke a language which he little
understood. He here notes ten islands, and he has drawn six
without names to the North of Sulach, where other geographers
also lay down a few islets; but of these ten, Tenetum, Kalairuru,
Mandan, and Benaia, are again named and drawn further on; and
Leytimor is a peninsula attached to Amboina. Note, Milan edition.

[391] The jack fruit, called Nangka throughout the Malay seas.

[392] Amboina. Pigafetta appears to refer to the large island of Ceram.
Note, Milan edition.

[393] The Milan MS. says “longitude”, which must be an error of the
scribe. Note, Milan edition.

[394] Solor.

[395] “Cornioli.”

[396] Strabo (_Geogr._, lib. XV).

[397] The Italian method of reckoning time.

[398] Luzon.

[399] Bomare says that those who cut sandal wood fall ill from the
miasma exhaled by the wood. Note, Milan edition.

[400] A note to the Milan edition suggests that it was too early in the
century for this to be the Frank disease, and that it must have
been leprosy. This is more probable.

[401] Ende, or Flores.

[402] Majapahit.

[403] Gresik.

[404] Surabaya.

[405] “Campong anghin,” the place of wind.

[406] Sanscrit and Malay, a griffin.

[407] Pigafetta has confounded rhubarb with the decayed wood of a tree
found in Siam, which, when burnt, gives a very sweet perfume, and
which sells at a high price.

[408] Cochin.

[409] Kwantung or Canton.

[410] “Satu orang,” one man.

[411] “Anjing,” a dog.

[412] “Pokoh bisi,” club of iron.

[413] “Panah,” a bow.

[414] “Tombak,” a lance.

[415] “Harimau,” a tiger; not a lion. All these words are Malay, the
language in which the whole of this information must have been
conveyed to Pigafetta.

[416] “Laut Kidol,” Javanese, the Southern Ocean.

[417] See statement of Herrera, p. 175.

[418] Francis I.

[419] Now the declination of the ecliptic, which answers to the poles
of the eighth sphere of Pigafetta, is 23 deg. 28 min. 30 sec.
Note, Milan edition.

[420] Supposing that the surface of the globe under the equator were
half land and half sea, and then giving to each league three and
a half miles, we should have 22,050 miles for the circumference
of the earth: a measure very little differing from that which
results from giving to each degree at the equator sixty Italian
miles, by which the circumference is 21,600 miles. Note, Milan
edition.

[421] The guard stars are β and γ of Ursa Minor, which form a triangle
with the pole and pole star; now γ of the belt of Cassiopeia is
used. Note, Milan edition.

[422] This means the arm of the instrument used; it might be the
meteoroscope of Regiomontano, which had a cross in the middle: or
an astrolabe like it; or the common astrolabe with a dioptron, or
mediclino, as Pigafetta calls it, placed on the equator. Note,
Milan edition.

[423] That is the meridian line from the pole to the equator. Note,
Milan edition.

[424] Though the radius of the circle which the pole star goes round
is now little more than a degree and a half, in the time of
Pigafetta it was 3 deg. 17 min. 37 sec., so that if he reckoned
it at 3 deg. 30 min. it is wonderful that he should have made
so small an error, notwithstanding the imperfection of his
instruments. Note, Milan edition.

[425] These three methods are probably those which, according to
Castañeda, Faleiro taught to Magellan. Note, Milan edition.

[426] That is to say, the knot where the orbit of the moon cuts the
ecliptic. Note, Milan edition.

[427] The fleur-de-lys placed at the north.

[428] That is, where it coincides with the meridian and begins to
deviate or vary. Note, Milan edition.

[429] That is, varies east or west.

[430] Or of midday.

[431] I do not find any mention of the _mediclino_ in any writer of the
times near that of Pigafetta who have treated of the astrolabe,
such as Regiomontanus, Appianus, Gimma Frisius, Danti, Clavius,
etc.; but from what our author says here and elsewhere, it
appears that the mediclino is that movable rule, fixed on the
centre of the astrolabe, which turns round it, and is named
sometimes albidade, or dioptron, or traguardo, or linea di
fiducia. Note, Milan edition.

[432] Amoretti, in his introduction to this Treatise of Navigation,
in the Milan edition, observes that Pigafetta was misled by a
false theory when he supposes that there is in the heavens a
point in repose to which the magnetic needle tends, but that the
exact direction of the magnetic needle coincided, or at least
approximated, to the meridian of the isle of Ferro, which is
not now the case; and that in some other places the variations
of the compass had been observed to correspond with that of the
longitude. By the table of variations of the compass published by
Lambert in the Ephemerides of Berlin (_Astronomische Jahrbuch_)
for the year 1779, it is seen by an easy calculation that at
the beginning of the sixteenth century the magnetic equator or
zero of deviation was very near the isle of Tenerife. Now it
is further off, and the distance increases. M. de Bougainville
found there the deviation to the west to be 14 deg. 41 min.; and
Staunton, the companion of Lord Macartney, found it to be 17 deg.
35 min.

[433] We have two astrolabes in our museum constructed with several
plates: one is of brass, and another of card, for more easy
manipulation. Note, Milan edition.

[434] “Traguardo,” level or traverser.

[435] “Rosa dei venti.”

[436] Or flag, as appears from the drawing.

[437] It was written in French. See Introduction.

[438] “Tenistitan,” Ramusio.

[439] Gulf of Siam.

[440] Cape Verde Islands.

[441] Literally, with funereal or lugubrious state; but Maximilian and
his translators appear to have thought that _feralis_ is derived
from _fera_. Ramusion translates: “Dando loro a mangiar carne di
fiere;” and the Spanish version in Navarrete has: “Con su aparato
y cerimonias bestiales.” Ducange has an adverb, _feraliter_, with
the sense of beastly.

[442] “Feralis,” again.

[443] Or, Caurus.

[444] Bohol.

[445] Bandan.

[446] “Tanto abante.” These words are doubtful.

[447] The MS. of the British Museum has “9”, which must be an error.

[448] Query, east.

[449] “Papahigos.”

[450] It is 37° 52′. This is the northernmost of the two islands, St.
Paul’s and Amsterdam. The Dutch call the N. Island Amsterdam, and
the English call it St. Paul’s in ordinary maps.

[451] The Great Fish River or the Keiskamma River.

[452] This Gomez was the alguazil who assisted Magellan so much in
putting down the mutiny in the port of St. Julian.

[453] Literally, of cord and knife.

[454] Diogo Barbosa.

[455] Correa seems to have made a mistake here. Quesada helped to make
Alvaro de Mezquita, Magellan’s relation, and captain of the _S.
Antonio_, a prisoner; but what Correa relates may have been part
of the plot and a stratagem of Juan de Carthagena.

[456] His name was Gonzalo Gomes de Spinosa; he returned to Spain.

[457] “Que fizesse grande toa.”

[458] The reader will observe that this account of Magellan’s death is
incorrect.

[459] Andres de San Martin.

[460] Probably the Genoese pilot, whose narrative commences this volume.

[461] Road to Coimbra—straight road.

[462] Pessoas.

[463] Varas.

[464] Nuno.

[465] 4,000.

[466] 20,000.

[467] Globe.

[468] Sic.

Transcriber’s Notes:

● Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_).
● Text enclosed by pluses is in small caps (+small caps+).
● Obvious typographical errors have been silently corrected.
● Errata have been applied.