Chapter XXXVIII

§1. What is a treaty? An alliance? A confederation? Why are states forbidden to enter into them?

§2. Why should not states issue letters of marque and reprisal?

§3. Why should they not coin money?

§4. Why were they forbidden to emit bills of credit? Does the prohibition extend to bank bills?

§5. What is meant by _tender_, usually termed _lawful_ or _legal tender_? Why should coin only be made tender in payment of debts?

§6. Why is the passing of bills of attainder and ex post facto laws by states forbidden? Why are laws impairing the force of contracts prohibited?

§7. Do insolvent or bankrupt laws impair the obligation of contracts? States have passed such laws; were they constitutional? How has the question been decided?

§8. Why is the granting of titles forbidden to the states?

§9. What objections to the general power of the states to tax exports or imports? What exception is made to the prohibition?

§10. What is the object of this exception?

§11. What other restrictions are there upon the power of the states?