Chapter XLIII: The First Appearance of Syphilis in Europe

as an Epidemic Disease.--Medical Journalism.--The
Beginnings of a Modern Pharmacopoeia.--Itinerant
Lithotomists 542

List of the More Important Authorities Consulted 557

General Index 563

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Fig. 1. View of the Temple of Aesculapius on the Island
of Cos _facing page_ 52

Fig. 2. Bird’s-eye View of the Temple of Aesculapius and
Associated Buildings on the Island of Cos
_facing page_ 54

Fig. 3. Ground Plan of the Asclepieion on the Island of Cos
_facing page_ 55

Fig. 4. Ancient Statue of the God Aesculapius in the Berlin
Museum _facing page_ 62

Fig. 5. Head of the Marble Statue of the God Aesculapius in
the Naples Museum _facing page_ 62

Fig. 6. Bas-relief of Aesculapius, Accompanied by Women and
Children, in the Presence of an Enormous Serpent
_facing page_ 68

Fig. 7. Female Bust Showing Cancer of One Breast
_facing page_ 68

Fig. 8. Paralysis of the Left Facial Nerve _facing page_ 70

Fig. 9. The Oldest Known Pictorial Representation of a
Formal Dissection of the Human Body _facing page_ 280

Fig. 10. The Manner of Giving Public Instruction in Medicine
during the Middle Ages 281

Fig. 11. Henri de Mondeville _facing page_ 288

Fig. 12. One of the Wards in the Hôtel-Dieu of Paris
_facing page_ 304

Fig. 13. The Physician, the Surgeon and the Pharmacist
_facing page_ 306

Fig. 14. Andreas Vesalius _facing page_ 344

Fig. 15. William Harvey _facing page_ 380

Fig. 16. “The Lovesick Maiden” _facing page_ 412

Fig. 17. Thomas Sydenham _facing page_ 418

Fig. 18. Consultation by Three Physicians upon a Case of
Wound in the Chest 457

Fig. 19. Barber Surgeon (_Wundarzt_) Extracting an Arrow
from a Wounded Soldier’s Chest while the Battle
is Still in Progress 461

Fig. 20. Amputation of the Leg 463

Fig. 21. The Manner in Which the So-called Tagliacotian
Operation for Repairing a Defective Nose Should
be Carried Out 480

Fig. 22. Pierre Franco’s Forceps for Crushing Calculi in
the Urinary Bladder 497

Figs. 23–24. Forceps Devised in 1552 by Ambroise Paré for
Drawing Out the Cut Ends of Arteries after the
Amputation of a Limb, and Holding Them while
the Ligature is Being Applied 512

Fig. 25. Ambroise Paré the Famous French Surgeon of the
Sixteenth Century _facing page_ 514

Fig. 26. Frère Jacques de Beaulieu _facing page_ 550

Fig. 27. Jean Baseilhac, commonly Known in France as Frère
Côme _facing page_ 552

Fig. 28. Concealed Lithotome Invented by Frère Côme in 1748 553

PART I

ANCIENT MEDICINE