Chapter XXVII: Part 27

Aristotle on class interests, 69
estimation of, by Doellinger, 406
_Ethics_ of, democracy condemned by, 71
_Politics_ of, 22, 79;
makes concession to democracy, 72
saying of, reflecting the illiberal sentiments of his age, 18

Arles, Council of, and the Count of Toulouse, 565

Arnaud and the saying, "God knows His own," 567

Arnauld, 429

Arnim, Baron, influence of, at Vatican Council, 506
interview of, with Doellinger, 426

Arnold of Brescia, 559

Arragon, constructive science of its people, 557
heresy in (1230), 556;
lead of the country in persecution, 557

Artists, method of, compared with that of scientific historians, 233

Ascoli, Cecco d', fate of, 564-5

Ashburton, Lady, 382

Asoka (Buddhist king), first to proclaim and establish representative
government, 26

Assassination, _see also_ Murder and Regicide
Catherine de' Medici's plan, inspired by member of Council of Trent, 216
expediency of, view of Swedish bishops, 217
as a political weapon, 213-14
religious, considered expedient, 325
the reward of heresy, a doctrine of the Church in Middle Ages, 216

Athenagoras _cited_, 70

Athenians, character of, 11

Athens, constitution of, rapid decline in career of, 11;
revision of, provided for by Solon with good results, 7, 8
democracy of, 66;
tyranny manifested by, 12
government by consent superseded government by compulsion, under Solon, 7
laws of, revised by Solon, 6
political equality at, 68
Republic of, causes of ruin of, 70
death of Socrates crowning act of guilt of, 12
reform in, came too late, 12, 13

Aubigne, Merle d', and the charge against the Bordeaux clergy, 127 _note_

Auger, Edmond, S.J., and the Bordeaux massacres, 127

Augsburg, Confession of, axiom concerning importance of, in Luther's
system of politics, 159
Apology of, on excommunication, 158

Austria, Concordat in, its failure, 292
opposition to Vatican politics in, and to the Council, 503, 506
policy of repression in, after Waterloo, 283
representation of, on Vatican Council, 509

Austria, Don Juan of, and the victory of Lepanto, 104;
effect of, marred by Charles IX., 105

Austrian Empire, nationalities in, 295, 296;
why substantial, one of the most perfect States, 298

Austrian power in Italy, effect of, on nationality, 287
rule in Italy, error of, 285

Authorities, use made of, revealing qualities of historians, 235

Authority of the Church questioned through Frohschammer's
excommunication, 477-8

Authority, supreme, of the Church, 192;
attitude of _Home and Foreign Review_ towards, 482-91

Avaux, D', view of expedient political massacre, 218

Avignon, removal of the Papacy to, 370;
strife between, and the Franciscans, 552

Ayamonte, Spanish Ambassador to Paris, 123

Baader, F.X. von, estimate of, by Doellinger and Martensen, 376;
work of, 377;
father-in-law of Lasaulx, 405
Schelling's coolness to, 381

Baboeuf, proclaimer of Communism, 273

Bach, administration of, in Austria, 283

Bacon, Francis, 562
advocate of passive obedience to kings, 48
modern attacks on, 377
on bookish politicians, 575
on St. Thomas Aquinas, 37
influence of Machiavelli on, 228
_cited_ on political justification, 220

Bacon, Sir Nicholas, 44

Baden (1862), nationality in, 295

Baglioni, family of, models for Machiavelli, 212

Bain, T., interpreter of Locke, 220

Ballanche and liberal Catholicism, 588

Ballerini, influence on Doellinger, 387

Balmez, classed as Ultramontane, 451

Baltimore, synod of, and Infallibility, 499

Baluze, 559

Barbarians, the, become instrument of the Church by introducing single
system of law, 244

Barberini, Cardinal, on reason for condemning De Thou's History, 147

Baronius, 379, 429;
Doellinger's study of, 387

Barrot, O., opposed to universal suffrage, 590

Barrow, Isaac, Doellinger's Roman antidote to, 387

Basel, Church government at, under OEcolampadius, 176

Baudrillart, cited on Machiavelli's universality, 226

Baumgarten, Crusius, on political expediency, 230
works of, esteemed by Doellinger, 381

Baur, Ferdinand, on historical facts, 385
work of, estimated by Doellinger, 381, 404

Bavaria, Catholic stronghold (1572), 103

Baxter, Richard, 416

Bayle, Pierre, _cited_ on Servetus, 185

Bayonne, conference of, massacre of St. Bartholomew the outcome of,
108, 109 & _note_, 124

Beaconsfield, Earl of, story of, 551;
view of Doellinger on, 391

Beauville, bearer to Rome of news of the St. Bartholomew, 132-3

Beccaria, on importance of success as result of action, 223

Belgian revolution, causes united in, 284

Belgium, representation of, on Vatican Council, 507
vigorous growth of municipal liberties in, 38

Bellarmine, Cardinal, deceived by hierarchical fictions, 420

"Bellum Haereticorum pax est Ecclesiae," maxim utilised by Polish
bishops, 103

Benedict XIV., Pope, 148
scholarship under, 387

Bennettis, De, appreciated by Doellinger, 387

Bentham, Jeremy, pioneer in abolition of legal abuses, 3
principle of greatest happiness, 223

Berardi, Cardinal, influence of, on Doellinger, 387
proposed announcement of discussion of Infallibility at Vatican Council
set aside, 518

Bergier, 573

Berlin, 378

Bernard, Brother, 564

Bernays, 432

Besold, followers of Machiavelli denounced by, 225

Beust, Count, on Vatican Council, 503;
indifference to, 509

Beza, Theodore, death of Servetus approved by, 185
defence of Calvin, 183
on the Huguenot massacres, on toleration, and on the civil authority
over religious crime, 146
on religious assassination, 326

Beziers, siege of, 567

Bianchi, recommended by Doellinger, 387

Bible, inspiration of, 513-15
as sole guide in all things, Luther's principle, 154, 158, 159, 161

Bigamy of the Landgrave of Hesse, how dealt with by Luther, and why, 160

Bilio, Cardinal, junior president of Vatican Council, 534

Biner, apologist of the St. Bartholomew, 148

Biran, Maine de, _cited_ on political expediency, 220

Bishops, the, address to Pius, in preparation for Vatican Council, 494, 499
attitude of, towards Bull _Multiplices inter_, 520-25
and the Papacy, 511
protesting, charge of sharing Doellinger's views, repudiated by, 538
deception of, at Vatican Council, 518-526
hostility of, harm done by, 531
withdrawal of, from close of Vatican Council, 549

Bismarck, Count, on State participation in Vatican Council, 506

Bizarri, policy of, on Vatican Council, 534

Blanc, Louis, a secret worker for overthrow of Louis Philippe, 92

Blasphemy, reasons for its punishment by the Reformers, 169, 175

Blois, French court at, 112;
Coligny at, 1571., 115

Blondel, Doellinger's gratitude to, 393

Blue Laws of Connecticut, 55

Boccaccio, Giovanni, revision of the _Decamerone_, 215

Boccapaduli, Papal secretary, speech of, on the Massacre of St.
Bartholomew, 136

Bodin, _cited_ on _Il Principe_, 218

Bohemia, religious future of, in relation to the case of Hus, 571

Bolingbroke, Lord, slight knowledge of Machiavelli's works, 218

Bologna, University of, 556

Bona, Cardinal, urged suppression of _Liber Diurnus_, 516

Bonald, and absolute monarchy, 467
and Lamennais's theory, 593
ultramontanism of, 451

Bonelli, Michiel, _see_ Alessandria, Cardinal of

Boniface VIII., Pope, Bull of, on supreme spiritual power, 324;
vindications of, inspired by Doellinger, 391

Bonnechose, Cardinal, share of, in elections to Commission of
Dogma, 529, 532
urged French representation on Vatican Council, 504

Bordeaux, the Huguenot massacres of, 127

Boretius, _cited_ on Frederick the Great and Machiavelli, 229

Borghese, Cardinal, afterwards Paul V., Pope, his knowledge of the
planned character of St. Bartholomew, 114

Borgia, compiler of history, 387
family, models for Machiavelli, 212
Francis, S.J., 113

Borromeo, Cardinal, 108 _& notes_, 108-9

Bossuet, advocate of passive obedience to kings, 47, 429, 434
_Defensio_ feared, 378
indignation of, 148
and the idea of development, 591, 592, 593, 595
on love of country, 20 _& note_
work of, compared to Doellinger, 424

Boucher, 45;
on Henry III. of France and reliance on maxims of _Il Principe_, 215

Bourbon, Cardinal of, unguarded speech of, on coming Huguenot massacre, 111
Etienne de, inquisitor, works of, 558-9
House of, French and Spanish, contests of the Habsburgs with, 275
House of, upholders of supremacy of kingship over people, 47

Bourges, massacre of Huguenots commanded at, by Charles IX. La Chastre's
refusal to obey, 115

Boys, Du, defender of the Inquisition, 573

Brandenburg, Albrecht, Margrave of, and the Anabaptists, 157, _& see_
156 _note_

Brantome on the death of Elizabeth of Valois, 104

Brescia, Bishop of, _see_ Guala
city, centre of historical work, 387

Brewer, intercourse with Doellinger, 402

Brief of Pius IX. to Archbishop of Munich, and attitude of _Home and
Foreign Review_ to supreme authority of the Church, 482-491

Brill, the, Dutch maritime victory, its importance, 103

British empire, why substantially one of the most perfect states, 298

Brittany, and the Huguenot massacres, 119

Brixen, Bishop of, on Papal authority, 543

Brosch, on Cardinal Pole and _Il Principe_, 214

Brougham, Lord, advice to students, 393

Bruce, house of, struggle with house of Plantagenet, 35

Bruno, 430

Bryce, James, _The American Commonwealth_, review, 575

Bucer, Martin, in favour of persecution, 172-73

Buch, De, 430

Buchanan, 44, 45

Buckeridge, Blondel, Doellinger's Roman antidote to, 387

Buckle, H.T., 589, 590

Bugge, discoveries of, 405

Bull, censure of the Reformation of, 416

Bull of Boniface VIII., on supreme spiritual authority, 324

Bull of Gregory XIII. relating to the Huguenot massacres, 134-45 & _note_;
not admitted into official collections 101

Bull _Multiplices inter_, of Vatican Council, 520-22

_Bullarium Dominicanum_, the, referred to by Lea, 563

Bullinger, Heinrich, death of Servetus approved by, 185
_cited_ on persecution, 174-76

Burd, L.A., edition of Machiavelli's _Il Principe_, introduction to,
212-31;
skill as exponent of Machiavelli's political system, 212
text of the _Discorsi_ produced by, 227

Burgundy, refusal of its governors to massacre Huguenots, 118

Burke, Edmund, 580;
Doellinger's political model, 393, 417
French Revolution denounced by, 219
on the moral and political as distinct from the merely geographical, 294
on the partition of Poland, 275
on revolution, 587
_cited_ on political oppression in Ireland, 253, _note_
on the rights of mankind, 56

Burning of heretics, Lea's view on, 568

Byzantine despotism, due to combined influence of Church and State, 33

Bzovius, authority on the Inquisition, 554

Cadiz Constitution, 1812., 89;
its overthrow the triumph of the restored monarchy of France, 89

Caesarius of Heisterbach, authority of, distrusts by Lea, 567

Calhoun, J.C., indictment against democracy, 93

Calvin, John, 176, 585
action of, with regard to Servetus, 184;
and his defence of the same, 181
attitude of, to the civil power, 179-81
hostility to, of Lutherans, 145
republican views of, 42, 43
system of Church government, 177-79

Calvinism in Germany, 345

Calvinists, English, tolerated by Melanchthon, 170 & _note_

Camden, Lord, _cited_ in disfavour of American taxation, 55

Campanella, ideal society of, 270

Campeggio, Cardinal, commentary of, on Zanchini, 559

Canello, _cited_ on Machiavelli's unpopularity, 226

Canning, G., on the question as to who reigned, George III. or his
ministers, 583;
his wisdom, 40

Capalti, Cardinal, junior President of Vatican Council, 534

Capecelatro, 412

Capilupi, Camillo, author of _Lo Stratagemma di Carlo IX._, 129;
its bearing on the position of the Cardinal of Lorraine, 130;
and others, on Alessandria's information as to forthcoming massacre
of Huguenots, 114
family, glorification by, of Charles IX. for the St. Bartholomew,
128 _et seq._
Hippolyto, Bishop of Fano, support given by, to Charles IX., 128-9

Capito, Wolfgang Fabricius, reformer, 172, 174

Capponi, friend of Doellinger, 420
as federalist, 414
Doellinger's study of, 402

Capuchins, General of, and the Inquisition, 553

Carbonari, supporters of, 284;
their impotence, 286

Carcassonne, no Huguenot massacres at, 142

Cardinal Wiseman, 436

Cardinals, approval by, of the St. Bartholomew, 140
opposition of, to Vatican Council, 493
French, and absolute monarchy, 41

Carena, "_De Officio S.S. Inquisitionis_," valuable matter in, on the
Inquisition, 560

Carius, works of, edited by Trent Commissioners, 215

Carlstadt, Andreas, polygamy defended by, 159

Carlyle, Thomas, on truth as basis of success, 223

Carneades, his infusion of Greek ideas into minds of Roman statesmen, 16

Carouge, and the Rouen massacre of Huguenots, 119

Caspari, at Doellinger's house, 405

Castagna, Papal Nuncio, 117

Catechism of St. Sulpice, Lea's deductions from, 571

Catherine de' Medici, Queen-Mother of France, advisers urging, to destroy
Coligny and his party, 108-9 & _notes_
challenge of, to Queen Elizabeth, 122
children of, trained on Machiavelli's principles, 215
hints of the intended massacre, 110, 111, 113-14
jealous for her merit in the St. Bartholomew, 130
levity of her religious feelings, 122
long premeditation by, of the massacre, 115
methods of, to balance Catholic and Huguenot power, 103
wrath of, at Gregory's demand for revocation of the edict of
Toleration, 137
on the death of her daughter, Queen of Spain, 104 & _note_
_cited_, 580-81

Catholic attitude to Huguenot massacres, 146-8;
change in, how induced, 148
Church, _see_ Church
countries, revolution more frequent in, than in Protestant, and why, 278
Emancipation Act, spiritual fruits of, gathered by Wiseman, 437
legitimists and democracy, link between, 590
literature, phases of, last hundred years as to principles in politics
and science, 450-51
theory on the proper way to deal with heretics, discredit caused by,
140-41
use of subterfuge, 454

Catholic and Protestant intolerance, difference between, 165, 168-70,
186-7

Catholicism, in the Dark Ages, 200
ground lost by, since the Middle Ages, 593
holiness of, hated by its enemies, 437
identification of, with some secular cause an Ultramontane
peculiarity, 451
liberal, supposed founder of, 588
spreads as an institution as well as a doctrine, 246
tendency of, 189

Catholics, English, peculiarities of their position, 438;
unity aimed at by them, _ib._
treatment of, by the Reformers, 157, 162, 163, 168, 174, 178-9

Cavalli, Venetian ambassador, on the bad management of the St.
Bartholomew, 109

Celts, Gallic and British, why conquered, 241
the materials less than the impulse of history supplied by, 240

Champel, half-burned book from, 569

_Chanson de la Croisade_, 565

Character, national, influence of, on events, limits of, 557

Charlemagne, 409

Charles Albert, King of Piedmont, revolution under, 285

Charles I., King of England, execution of, a triumph for Royalism, 51

Charles II., King of England, secret treaty between him and Louis XIV., 53

Charles V., Emperor, records of reign of, 409

Charles IX., King of France, active conciliation by, of Protestants, 105
alliances made by, with Protestant rulers, 105
attempts of, to appease Protestant powers after the massacre, 120
blamed for "leniency," "cruel clemency," etc., in the massacre,
126, 141, 143
Cardinal Lorraine's eulogy of, for the massacre, 112
civil war resulting from persecutions during his minority, 103
date when Catherine suggested the massacre to him, 115
desirous of thwarting Spain, his measures to that end, 104, 105
effect on his attitude to Rome of his success in crushing Huguenots, 137
explanations offered by, various, on the massacre, 118
hints dropped by, of the coming massacre, 111
letters of, to Rome, fate of, 101
letter from, to the Pope, announcing the massacre, 132;
reasons alleged in, 133
massacre of Huguenot prisoners ordered by, 141
methods of, in the provincial massacres, 118 _et seq._
Naude's Apology for its basis, 147
negotiations of, for Anjou's marriage with Queen Elizabeth, 105
Nuncio on Charles IX., tenacity of his authority, 137
panegyric on, by Panigarola, 125
personal share of, in the massacre, approved by Mendoca, 124
praised for his conduct as to the massacre, 112, 125, 128-9, 136,
140, 147
suppression by, of materials for history of the massacre, 121 & _note_
threats of Pius V. to, 139
tracts on his danger from Coligny, and on his joy at the massacre, 131
on his plan for the massacre, 117
death of, Sorbin's account, 126-7
his wife and her parentage, 105

Charron, on subordination to universal reason, 46

Chastre, La, refuses to execute Charles IX.'s orders as to Huguenot
massacre at Bourges, 115

Chateaubriand, Marquis de, 464
liberalism of, discussed, 594
maxim of, on the timidity of the better sort of men, 582;
endorsed by Menou, _ib._
transcription by, of Salviati's despatches, 102

Chatham, Lord, against taxation of American colonists, 55

Chatillon, House of, feud of, with the Guises, 112

Chemnitz, Lutheran divine, on Calvinists, 145

Cherbuliez, the elder, on the power of abstract ideas, 585

Cheverus, 402

Chinese, stationary national character of, 241

Christ, His divine sanction the true definition of the authority of
government, 29

Christian states, constitution of the Church as model for, 192

Christianity, appeal to barbarian rulers, 33
considered as force, not doctrine, by Doellinger, 383-7
in the Dark Ages, 200
as history, Doellinger's view of, 380
how employed by Constantine, 30, 31
influence of, on the human race, 200;
and on popular government, 79
primitive, penetration of influence over State gradual, 27
progress of, must be supplemented by secular power, 246, 247
teaching of Stoics nearest approach to that of, 24, 25
universality of, influence of nations on, 317-21
why Romans opposed establishment of, 195, 198
freedom in, appeal of Christianity to rulers, 33
effects on, of Teutonic invasion, 32
influence on, of feudalism, 35
political influence of the Reformation on, 43
supplying faculty of self-government in classical era, 31
political advances of Middle Ages due to, 39
rise of Guelphs and Ghibellines as affecting, 36
rise and progress of absolute monarchy as affecting, 41, 47, 48
rise of religious liberty and toleration as resulting from, 52, 53
rise and progress of political liberty due to, 56, 57, 58
sovereignty of people in Middle Ages acknowledged in consequence of, 35

Christina, Queen, of Sweden, on truth, 316

_Chronicle, The_, Acton's leaders in, ix

Chrysippus, views of, 73

Church, the, _see also_ Catholicism, Papacy, Popes, _and_ Rome attitude
of, to isolation of nations, 292
attitude of, to Wycliffe, Hus, and Luther, 271;
difference in their attitude to her, _ib._
both accepting and preparing the individual to receive, 450;
how she performs this, _ib._
censure of, ineffectual against Machiavelli's political doctrines, 218
condemnation of Frohschammer's book, and excommunication, 477
and the development of Machiavelli's policy, 225
difficulties of, how nourished, 455
Doellinger's vindication of, 404
effect on, of growth of feudalism, 245
fables of, Doellinger's investigation of, in _Papstfabeln des
Mittelalters_, 418-21
free action of, test of free constitution of State, 246
Goldwin Smith's unfair estimate of, 234
in Ireland, Goldwin Smith's views on, 259
great work (salvation of souls) and its subsidiaries, 448-9
hostility to, roused by conflicts with science and literature, 461-91
indebted to the barbarians for corporate position, 244
manifestation of, how seen, 269
minority in, in agreement with Doellinger, 313
not justified in resisting political law or scientific truth on
grounds of peril in either to the faith, 449 _et seq._
not openly attacked, eighteenth century, 273-4
her peculiar mission to act as channel of grace not her sole
mission, 448-9
political thoughts on, 188;
authority, supreme, the Church as, 192;
Catholicism in the "Dark Ages," 200;
Christianity, influence of, on human race, 200;
divine order in the world, establishment of, 189;
English race, Christianity a cause of greatness of, 204;
liberty, influence of Christianity on, 203;
religion, true, definition of, 197;
Romans, persecution of Christians by, reasons for, 196, 198
position of, in State, regulation difficult, 252
struggle of feudalism with, 35
tolerance of, in early days, 186
view of, on government, 260

Church discipline, Bucer's system of, 172-3
government, under control in the modern State, 151

Church of England, internal condition of, 437-8
establishment, English and Irish, difference between, 259

Church and State Teutonic, quarrel between, cause of revival of
democracy, 80
relations of, 150-52, 162, 163-4
union of, creating Byzantine despotism, 33;
effect of, on paganism, 33
views on, of Anabaptists, 171-2;
Bucer, 172-3;
Calvin, 177 _et seq._;
Luther, 154, 156, 157-8, 159, 161-4, 180;
Melanchthon, 164 _et seq._;
OEcolampadius, 176-7;
Zwingli, 173-4;
Reformers in general, 181

Cicero, 409

Cienfuegos, Cardinal and Jesuit, view of, on Charles IX., 148

_Circumspice_, as motto for the Catholic Church, 269

Citeaux, 567

Citizenship in Athens, 68

"City of the Sun," an ideal society described by, 270

Civil authority over religious crime (_see also_ Passive obedience),
Beza's view, 146
liberty, point of unison of, with religious liberty, 151;
its two worst enemies, 300
War of America, consolidating effects of, on the Constitution, 579
society, its aim and end, 298

Civilisation, despotism in relation to, 5, 6, 27
liberty the product of, 596
mature, liberty the fruit of, 1
social, unconnected with political civilisation, 243
in Western Europe retarded by five centuries owing to Teutonic invasion
and domination, 32, 33

_Civilta Cattolica_, organ of Pius IX., 497

Classical literature, subjects not found in, 25, 26

Clay, H., despondency of, as to American institutions, 579

Clement IV., Pope, directions of, for Inquisitors, 560

Clement V., Pope, decree of, on privilege of Inquisitors, deductions
on, of Lea, 566
share of, in the trial of the Templars, 563
_cited_ on political honesty, 214
publication of _Il Principe_ authorised by, 214

Clement VIII., Pope (Aldobrandini), testimony of, on premeditation of
the St Bartholomew, 114-15 & _notes_

Clergy, immunities of, 34;
unpopular in Italy, 363
upholders of absolute monarchy, 41

Clifford, Lord, acquaintance of, with Doellinger, 388

Colbert, admirers of, in accord with Helvetius, 220

Coleridge, S.T., metaphysics of, Doellinger's love for, 381

Coligny, Admiral de, 105;
death of, origin and motives of, discussed, 101 _et seq._, 117-18;
the story of, 106, 111 _et seq._, 118;
the question of its premeditation discussed, 106-7 _et seq._
alleged plot to kill Charles IX., 131, 135, 136
murderer of, 124;
reward of, from Philip II., 123,
and presented to the Pope, 144 & _note_;
nationality (alleged) of, 124

Colocza, Archbishop of, head of Council of Bishops, 1867., 499

Cologne, Archbishop of, loose reading of terms of the legal reform
of Index, 531

Cologne, Synod at, and infallibility, 499

Commines, Philip de, on levying of taxes, 39

_Commonwealth, The American_, by James Bryce, review, 575

Commonwealths, founders of, 70

Communism, a subversive theory, proclaimed by Baboeuf, 273;
theory of its antiquity due to Critias, 17

Comte, Auguste, historic treatment of philosophy, 380

Concordat, Austrian, failure of, 292

Confederacy essential to a great democracy, 277

Confederate scheme of American government, 577

Conference of Bayonne, resolutions inimical to Huguenots taken
at, 108-9 & _notes_

Confession of Anjou, on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 107

Confession of Augsburg, apology of, on excommunication, 158
importance of, recognised by Luther, 159

Conflicts with Rome, 461-91

Connecticut, Blue Laws of, 55

Conrad, Master (of Marburg), principles inspiring, 556;
as confessor of St. Elizabeth, 570

Conscience, freedom of, a postulate of religious revolution, 153
in politics, expedient elasticity of, 212-14

_Conservateur_, the, 594

Conservatism, indirect elections not always a safeguard of, 2;
restriction of suffrage in relation to, 96

Conservatism of American revolutionists, 580
European, 583

Constance, Council of, support of, to the Inquisition, 570

_Constantine, donation of_, 469;
political Christianity of, 30, 31

Constantinople, seat of Roman Empire transferred to, 30
Patriarchs of, _see_ Eutychius

Constitution, American, consolidated by the Civil War, 579
despondency of its founders as to, 579
Hamilton's views on, 581-3
not understood by Tocqueville, 576

Constitution of England, Sir E. May on, 62

Constitutions, evolution of, 58
growth of, nature of, 5
Periclean, characteristic of, 10
view of Guelph writers respecting, 36
how ancient, differ from modern, 19
mixed, difficulty of establishing and impossibility of maintaining, 20

Contarini, Gaspar, 214

Contarini, Venetian ambassador, on the expected change in France
(as to the Huguenots), 109

Conti, story of priests and the St. Bartholomew disproved, 126

Cooley, Judge, _cited_ by Bryce, on American liberty and government, 580

Copernican system, the, derided by Luther, 160

Corsica, 105

Cortes, Donoso, classed as ultramontane, 451

Council of Arles and the Count of Toulouse, 565

Council of Constance, support of, to the Inquisition, 570

Council of Trent, 111, 138;
Doellinger's investigations of, 431;
and tradition, 513

Council of Ten, Molino on, 213

Cournot, intellectual qualities of, 589

Cousin, Victor, 224, 588, 589
historic treatment of philosophy, 380

Cranmer, 430

Creuzer, 405

Critias, _cited_, 70
originator of notion of original communism of mankind, 17

Croker, _see_ Canning

Cromwell, Oliver, Constitutions of, short-lived, 50
study of, 410

Cromwell, Thomas, acquaintance of, with _Il Principe_, 214
death of, a joy of Melanchthon, 217

_Culturgeschichte_ of Hellwald, 573

Cumberland, expositor of Grotius, 46

Cusa, Cardinal of, on Christian doctrine, 514

Daniel, historian, 588

Dante, Doellinger's return to study of, 433
key to, where found, 574
views of, on conscience, 562
and Cecco d'Ascoli, on schism, 564

Danton, his action in the Reign of Terror, 266

Darboy, Archbishop, on Papal Infallibility, 547
opposition of, at Vatican Council, 522

Daru, revival by, of Hohenlohe's policy, 511

Darwin, Charles, estimate of Carlyle, 223

Deak on Hungarian administration, 510

Decree, the first, issued to Vatican Council, 531;
withdrawn, 535

Defoe, Daniel, on want of principle among contemporary politicians, 53

"De Haereticis," tract on toleration, 182

Delbrueck, criticism of Macaulay's power of historical deduction, 385

Delicieux, fall of, conclusions on, of Lea, 563, 564

Democracy (_see also_ Will of the People), alliance of, with despotism, 238
alliance of, with socialism baneful, 92, 93, 98
attitude to, of Aristotle, 71, 72
and Catholic Legitimists, link between, 590
curbing of, by ancient constitutions, 19
definition and tendencies of, 62
enlightened ideas of Lilburne on, 83
essence of, 7
federalism most effective check on, 98
in fourteenth century, 80
government by, danger of, 20
a great, in relation to self-government, 277
modern mistakes in true conception of, 93, 94
in Pennsylvania, 84
pervading evil of, 97
political writers against, 93
Presbyterianism and, 81, 82
present aim, 95
principles of, advocated by Pericles, 9
progress of, in Europe, 85
revival of, to what due, 80
ancient, partial solution of, by popular government, 79
Athenian, tyranny manifested by, 12
Swiss, 90

_Democracy in Europe_, by Sir Erskine May, 61

Democratic method of Socrates, 71
principle, triumph of, in France, results of, 287

Denifle, Father, 574

Denmark, religion in, Doellinger on, 340-31

Derby, Lord, cited, 189

Descartes, advocate of passive obedience to kings, 48

Despotic spirit, old, its two adversaries, 276

Despotism after peace of Westphalia, 325
alliance of democracy with, 238
emancipation of mankind from, to what due, 24, 25
overpowering strength of, the doom of classical civilisation, 27
product of civilisation, 5, 6
_see also_ Absolutism

Development, _see also_ Progress
and its earlier supporters, 592
Flint on, topic discussed, 591, 592

Diocletian's persecution of the Christians due to attempt to transform
Roman government into despotism of Eastern type, 30, 31

Dispensation, the, for the Navarre marriage long withheld, 128 & _note_;
price, assumed, for, ib.;
never granted, 131-2;
Charles IX.'s hope regarding, 133

Divine right of freeholders established by Revolution of 1688., 54
of kings, principle of, led to advocacy of passive obedience, 47
of the people, 36, _see also_ Will of the People with respect to
election of monarch, 35

Divine order in the world, establishment of, 189

Djakovar, Bishop of, on validity of Vatican Council's decrees, 549

Doctrine, danger from, motive for religious persecution in pagan
and mediaeval times, 251

Dogma, Commission on, at Vatican Council, election and proceedings
of, 529-31

Dolcino, two versions of the story of, 555, 568

Doellinger, Dr. J.J. Ignatius von, his attacks on Papal Infallibility,
538, 545;
on episcopal authority, in Council, 545
character of, 403
declaration of, on papal necessity for temporal power, 312-13
fame of, 463
historical insight of, limitations of, 409-10
judgments of, compared to Moehler's, 378;
their gentleness, 410
influences acting upon, earlier and later studies, intercourse,
literatures, etc.--evolution due to--375-6, 379-82, 383, 386-9,
392-3, 399;
later views of, 396, 425-36
later life of, 399
and Moehler in Munich, views at variance, 377-80
politics and their interest for, 400-403
reliance of scholars on, in theological difficulties, 382-3
silence of followers of, 313-15
style of, 375-435; own estimate of, 432;
views on, and methods of, 383, 385, 389-92
tract attributed to, on Infallibility, 512, 513
value as historian of the Church, 408-10
views of, compared to Moehler's, 378-9;
on temporal power, 301-74
visits of, to Oxford, 403; to Rome, 410-14
Works by--
_Church History_, interpretations of, 379-435;
source of, 386;
new edition of, refused by, 392-3
_Heidenthum und Judenthum_, publication of, 405-7
_Hippolytus und Kallistus_, publication of, 404-5
_Kirche und Kirchen_, argument of, 414-18;
description of, 384-6;
source of, 386;
preface to, _cited_ on temporal authority of the Church, 303-12;
purpose of, 371-4
_Papstfabeln des Mittetalters_, spurious authority of the Church,
418-21
_Philosophumena_, vindication of Rome, after publication of, by, 404
_Reformation_, preparation for, 392-4;
publication of, 394;
ridiculed in Rome, 411;
style of, 393-7
_cited on_ attitude of Pius IX. and the Council, 371
character of Pius IX., 365-6
Council of Trent, 432
England's attitude to temporal power of Pope, 415
German loyalty to the Church, 370-71
Luther, 397
mistaken judgments of youth, 429
St. Dominic, 428
the temporal power of the Pope, 414-15

Dominicans, the, theology of, discountenanced, 498

Dominis, De, 432

Dorner, 389

Dort, Canons of, 580

Doyle, 402

Duchesne, Abbe, 400, 574
on the idea of development, and what impeded its acceptance, 592-3

Dupanloup, 400, 425;
opposition of, at Vatican Council, 522, 526
defence of Syllabus by, 424
opposition of, to Papal temporal power, 412

Duperron, Cardinal, on Arianism, apparent, in St. Irenaeus and Tertullian,
592

Duplessis-Mornay, forebodings of, as to Huguenot perils, 107

Dutch independence due to maritime successes, 103

Dynastic interest, dominant in old European system, 273
at the Congress of Vienna, 283

Ebrard, Doellinger's opinion of work of, 420

Ecclesiastical authority, functions of its office, 460

Echard, authority on the Inquisition, 554
book by, on St. Thomas, pages by another, printed in, 558-9

Eckstein, character of, 400

Ecole des Chartes, pupils of, methods of, 561

Ecole Francaise, 574

Edessa, Archbishop of, at commission of preparation for Vatican Council,
500

Edict of Nantes, Revocation of, an inconsistency, 170
not approved by Innocent XI., 147
remarks on, 260
of Pacification, 108
of Toleration, deceitful, of Charles IX., 117, 135

Elections, indirect, 97;
not always a safeguard of conservatism, 2

Elizabeth, Queen of England, Catherine de' Medici's challenge to a
massacre of Catholics, 122
Doellinger's lenient view of, 410
murder of, sanctioned by Pius V., 139
not alienated by Charles IX.'s Huguenot massacres, 120
proposed league of, for Protestant defence, Lutheran protest, 145

Elizabeth of Valois, first wife of Philip II. of Spain, fate of,
104 & _note_

Ellicott, Dr., Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol, on Lamennais's theory, 593

Emerson, R.W., on attitude of the best Americans to politics, 578

Encyclical, the, of 1846, Infallibility proclaimed in, 496

England, an exception to the common law of dynastic States till 1745., 274
indignation in, at the idea of development in religion, 591
Inquisition never admitted into, 59
status of kings in, Canning on, 583-4
under the Stuarts, Church and liberty in, 208

English Catholics, peculiarities of their position, 438;
Wiseman's personal relations with, 437, 438
legal system, pioneer work of Jeremy Bentham in reform of, 3
liberty, adversary of the despotic policy, 276
nation, endurance of, and supremacy of, in art of labour, 60
foremost in battle for liberty, 59
views of, on the Huguenot massacres, 144
race, Christianity a cause of greatness of, 204
writers, Doellinger's acquaintance with, 388

Entremont, Countess, marriage of, with Coligny, Salviati's denunciation
on, 110

Eoetvoes on lay interest in religious government, 510

Ephialtes and democracy, 68

Epictetus, 406

Epicurus on purpose of foundation of societies, 18

Equality, passion for, in France, 57, 58
subversive theory proclaimed by Rousseau, 273;
making French Revolution (1789) disastrous to liberty, 88
of fortune, and class interests, 69
political, observations on the right to, 262

Erasmus, his idea of renovating society on the principles of
self-sacrifice, 58

Erhle, Father, 552, 560, 574

Essenes, disappearance of, 66
idea of renovating society on the principles of self-sacrifice, 58
slavery, both in principle and practice, rejected by, 26

Ethical offices of the Church not exclusively hers, 448-9

Ethnology and Geography united, in relation to security of free
institutions, Mill on, 286

Eudaemon-Johannes, praise given by, to the St. Bartholomew, 147

Eugenius IV., Pope, election of, 355

Euphemus, _cited_, 70

Europe, attitude of, to the French massacre of Huguenots, 120. 124-5;
progress of democracy in, 85;
theory of Nationality in, how awakened, 275
civilised, to what its preservation is due according to Lea, 568
Latin, frequency in, of revolution, 278;
its object, 280-81
Western, retrogression in arts and sciences due to domination of
Teutons, 32, 33
the two conquests of, and their effects on social ideas, 278 _et seq._

European liberalism and conservatism, 582-3
system, the old, reigning families, not nationalities, dominant in, 273

Eutychius, Lea's remarks on, challenged, 563

Excommunication, of Frohschammer, 477
what it involves, according to the confession of Schmalkald, etc., 158

Eymeric, author of the _Directorium_, President of Arragonese tribunal
against heretics, 558, 559

Fables of the Church (_Papstfabeln des Mittelalters_), Doellinger's
investigations of, 418-21

Faenza, why menaced by Pius V., 137

Faith not to be kept with heretics, Catholic theory on, 140-41

Falloux, value of, as historian, 400
opposition of, to Montalembert, 425

False principles, place of, in social life of nations, 272

Fantuzzi, compiler of history, 387

Farel, death of Servetus approved by, 185

Farnese, Cardinal, _see_ Paul III., Pope

Fatalism, philosophy of historians, 221

Fauriel, 565

Federal government, views on, of Hamilton, 581-3

Federalism, most effective check on democracy, 98;
value of, 20

_Federalist, The_, by Alexander Hamilton, various views on, 581

Federal form of American constitution, said not to be understood by
Tocqueville, 576

Fenelon, his idea of renovating society
on the principles of self-sacrifice, 58
on absolutism, 433
on domains as dowries, 273
on national distress, 49

Ferdinand I., Doellinger's lenient estimate of, 410

Ferdinand II., Doellinger's lenient estimate of, 410

Ferralz, despatches of, on attitude of Roman Court to the St. Bartholomew,
unused, 102
quarrels of, with the Cardinal of Lorraine, 129
true particulars of the Navarre marriage according to, 131-2
on the attitude of Gregory XIII. on hearing of the St. Bartholomew,
132-3 _note_

Ferrara, Alfonso, Duke of, a massacre of Huguenots advised by (1564),
108 & _note_

Ferrari, 590;
Doellinger's tribute to, 417
on Machiavelli's character, 226

Ferrier, Du, Catherine de' Medici's words to, on the death of the Queen
of Spain and the massacre of St. Bartholomew, 104

Ferrieres, 122

Fessler, _see_ St. Poelten, Bishop of

Feudalism, alien to the sentiment of France, 279
growth of, 34;
effect on Church, 245
struggles of, with the Church, 34, 35

Feuerlein, Machiavelli's loyalty upheld by, 229
on political expediency, 224

Fichte, J.S., _cited_ in praise of Machiavelli's policy, 228

Ficker, Prof., account by, of the Inquisition, 426
on the real contriver of the Inquisition's rule by terror, 555

First Empire, the French, things most oppressed by, the causes of
its downfall, 281

Fischer, Kuno, trace of Machiavelli in metaphysics of, 228

Fisher, John, Bishop of Rochester, on persecution, 570

Flaminian Gate, ancient custom connected with, 136

Flaminius, works of, edited by Trent Commissioners, 215

Fleury, style of, Doellinger's compared to, 381

Flint, Professor Robert, 572;
_Historical Philosophy in France and French Belgium and
Switzerland_, review, 588
critical faculty strong in, 591
nature of his superiority as writer, 588-9;
some defects, 589-90

Florence, prepared for the St. Bartholomew, 109

Fontana, authority on the Inquisition, 554

Forbes (Bishop of Brechin), Doellinger's intimacy with, 416

Force replaced by opinion as Catholic tribunal, 148

Foreign rulers, objection to, as third cause of popular risings, 284

Forgery, Church authority supported by 511, 513

Formosus, 563

Fors de Bearn, the, 566

"Fourth Estate," rise of, 67

Fox, Charles James, 54

France, absolute monarchy in, 48;
how built up, 41
the Church in, and Protestantism, Doellinger on, 337
democratic principle in, its triumph the cause of the energy of the
national theory, 287
feudalism alien to, 279
Gallican theory in, with respect to reigning houses, 35
governed by Paris during Revolution of 1789., 88
of history, how, and why, it fell, 277
inherent absence of political freedom and presence of absolutism
in, 237-40
kingdom of, how evolved, 278
opposition in, to Lamennais's Ultramontanism, 463-4
passion in, for equality, 57, 158
political ideas concerning, of Charles IX., and of Richelieu, 116
removal of Papacy to, 370
and representation on Vatican Council, 504-5
"the slave of heretics" according to Pius V., 105
restored monarchy of, _see_ Restoration

Franchi at Council of Bishops in 1867., 499

Francis Joseph, Emperor of Austria, in 1859., 287

Franciscan masters, the, and the idea of development in religion, 592

Franciscans, General of, on the planned character of the St.
Bartholomew, 124
struggle of Avignon with, 552

Franklin, Benjamin, irreligious tone of, 584

Franks, preamble of the Salic law of, 200

Franzelin on commission of preparation for Vatican Council, 500

Frederic the Great and Machiavelli's political schemes, 227
ignorant opposition of, to Machiavelli's works, 218

Frederic II., Emperor, treaty of, with the Church, 555
Lombard law of, 152;
its provisions, 555, 556

Free institutions, a generally necessary condition for securing,
Mill on, 286

Freedom (_see also_ Liberty) accorded to English Catholics, 438
in antiquity--
age of Pericles, 9
antiquity of liberty, modernity of despotism, 5
cause of liberty benefited more under Roman Empire than under
Republic, 15
dangers of monarchy, of aristocracy and democracy, 19, 20
decline of Athenian constitution, 11
definition of liberty, 3
early communism and utilitarianism, 17, 18
emancipation by Stoics of mankind from despotic rule, 24
guiding principle of Roman Republic, 13
highest teaching of classical civilisation powerless to avert
despotism, 27
history of institutions often deceptive and illusive, 2
implicit opposition of Stoics to principle of slavery, 25, 26
influence of Christianity over the State, gradual, 27
infusion of Greek ideas of statesmanship among Romans, 16
liberty, highest political end, 22, 23, 24
limitation and excess in duties of State, 4
method of growth of constitution, 5
nature of government of Israelites, 4
object of constitutions, 10
reform in English legal system instituted by Jeremy Bentham, 3
representative government, emancipation of slaves, and liberty of
conscience not a subject of classical literature, 25, 26
revision of laws of Athens by Solon, 6
sanction of Christ the true definition of the authority of
government, 29
teaching of Plato and Aristotle respecting politics, 22
teaching of Pythagoras and Heraclitus of Ephesus, 21, 22
triumphs due to minorities, 1, 4
value of federalism, 20
vice of the Classic State, 16
wisest minds among the ancients tainted with perverted morality, 18

Freedom in Christianity, history of--
Christianity employed by Constantine to strengthen his empire, 30, 31
civil, its two worst enemies, 300
conscience, a postulate of religious revolution, 153

Freeholders, "divine right of," established by Revolution of 1688, 54

Freeman, Doellinger on, as a historian, 421
on Mommsen's want of generous sentiment, 222

_French Belgium_, see _Historical Philosophy in France and French Belgium
and Switzerland_

French Catholics, reasons of their confusion between piety and
ferocity, 141
clergy, and the St. Bartholomew, 126-7 & _notes_
monarchy, aid of the democracy in establishing and in demolishing,
reasons for both, 278-80
people, attitude of, to and after the Huguenot massacres, 143 _et seq._
how regarded after the Revolution, 277
provincial massacres of Huguenots, 118-19, 134
writers, influence of, on Doellinger, 387
scholarship, dependence on, of Mr. H.C. Lea, 558

French Republic of 1848, of what school the triumph, 590

French Revolution, _see_ Revolution, French

Frohschammer, 473-7
conflict with Rome, 462, 467, 469, 473-483

Fulcodius, Cardinal, _see_ Clement IV.

Fulda, council of bishops at, 517

Funds of the Church, proposed disposal of, in Italy, 509

Gallicanism, corruption of Christianity, 463, 524
Lamennais's crusade against, 464
theory of, on reigning houses in France, 35

Gams, 429; defender of the Inquisition, 573

Ganganelli, Cardinal, influence of, on Doellinger, 434

Gaspary, _cited_ on Machiavelli's loyalty, 230

Gass, on St. Anthony's life and origin of monasticism, 420

Gaul, Roman, tolerance in, of absolutism, 279

_Gazette de France_ and universal suffrage, 590

Geneva, trial of Servetus at, 184

Genlis, Huguenot commander, defeat of, the consequences to Coligny,
116, 117, 141

Genoa, extinction of, as State, 283

Gentz _cited_ on Machiavelli's policy, 229

George III., King of England, 583

George IV., King of England, 583

German, or Teutonic, conquest of Europe, its consequences, 277 _et seq._
writers, as influencing Doellinger, 389

Germany, effect on, of the massacre of St. Bartholomew, 124, 143
Protestantism in (1572), 103
theology of, unique and scientific, 317, 347-351, 376, 471-482
union of, 225
and the Vatican Council--
circular of German bishops to, 517
opposition in, 503;
and to Infallibility, 500;
representation of, 505

Gerson, 562; _cited_, 191

Gervinus, G.G.. on Machiavelli as prophet of modern politics, 229

Ghibellines, political theory of, 37

Gibbon, Edward, 389

Gieseler, Doellinger's dislike of, 389, and estimate of, 404

Ginoulhiac, on Papal Infallibility, 540
on Strossmayer's influence, 536

Gioberti, followers of, 314
metaphysics of, Doellinger's love for, 381

Girondists, objects of, 263

Gladstone, W.E., Acton's admiration for, xxiii;
and Doellinger, letter to, on the Irish question, 434;
estimate of historical judgment and style, 416;
intercourse of, 400
policy of, feared in Rome, 507

Glencoe, massacre of, 218, 410

Gneist, 377

Gonzaga, Lewis, _see_ Nevers

Goerres, Joseph, 282, 405
centre of Munich group of theologians, 386

Goettingen, 378;
seminary pupils of, methods of, 561

Government, authority of, defined by Divine sanction of Christ, 29
Catholic view of, 260
chief duty of, to maintain political right, 449
American, Judge Cooley on, 580

Gracchus, opposition to Octavius, 76

Grant, General Ulysses, 579

Granvelle, Cardinal, Viceroy of Naples, on the massacre of St.
Bartholomew, 125, 140;
on Alva's prisoners, 142

Gratian, 557

Gratry, letters of, to the Archbishop of Mechlin, on divisions in
the Church, 537-8
on the Inquisition, 424
tribute from, to Doellinger, 424
_cited_ on Veuillot's school, 429

Greece, national beliefs yielding to doubt during age of Pericles, 8, 9
politics of, infused into minds of Roman statesmen, 16

Greek Church, development of, 332-3
revolution, causes united in, 284

Greeks, democracy of, 66
as makers of history, 240
slavery discouraged by, 63

Gregory VII., Pope, deception of, by hierarchical fictions, 420
and democracy, 80
his disparagement of civil authorities, 36

Gregory IX., Pope, 430
appointed Guala as first Inquisitor, 553
Lea's view of, as intellectual originator of the Inquisition, 555, 557

Gregory X., Pope, and the Inquisition, 426

Gregory XIII., Pope, 430
and the Massacre of St. Bartholomew--
Bull of, on, 101, 134
complicity of, discussed, 128
fate of his letters to France, 101
previous knowledge of, 110, 116
receipt of the news by, his public and private attitude, and his
reply, 132-5, 137
urges full and complete extirpation of Huguenots, 142
conduct as viewed by French and by Italians, 148
reply, 137
undue hatred of, consequent on his attitude to the matter, 138
and the Navarre marriage, his steady opposition, 105, 111, 113, 128
on destruction as result of sedition, 216

Gregory XVI., Pope, personal fallibility of, admitted, and denounced by
Lamennais, 465, 466

Grenoble, Bishop of, doctrine of Papal Infallibility admitted by, 528
excluded from Commission on Dogma, 530
on dogmatic decrees of the Vatican Council, 533

Grey, Lord, 219

Grotius, 432; days of, 225
founder of study of real political science, 46
on the principles of law, 46

Guala, Bishop of Brescia, successor of Moneta and St. Dominic, 553
and the burning of heretics. 555-6

Guelphs, political theory of, 36

Guicciardini, Francesco, abridged by Trent Commissioners, 215

Guidonis, Bernardus, frequently cited by Lea, 568
leading authority of the fourteenth century, 559
_Practitia_ of, 558
protests of, on Clement V.'s decree on privilege of Inquisitors, 566

Guise, Duke of, initiative of, in the massacre of St. Bartholomew, 112
recalled to France, 213
slain by Henry III. of France, 121

Guise, House of, 112, 118

Guizot, 400
on the eighteenth century, 585
on Hamilton's work _The Federalist_, 581
on importance, to all denominations, of the Vatican Council, 493
wisdom of, 401

Guenther, 473

Gurney, Archer, alarm of, at Doellinger's views, 382

Guyon on the murder of heretics, 147

_Habeas Corpus_ Act, principle originated in Middle Ages, 39

Habsburg family, contests of, 274

Halifax Archbishop of (Conolly), on the dogmatic decree, 533
opposition of, at Vatican Council, 522
on Scriptural authority, 547

Halifax, George Savile, Lord, 53

Hallam, Henry, favourable comparison of theory of _Il Principe_ with
other political theories, 224

Hamilton, Alexander, eulogised, 581-3
history, treatment of philosophy, 380
political example of, 586
views of, as cited by Bryce, 578

Harnack, estimate of Doellinger, 434

Harrington, political writer in advance of his time, 51

Hartwig, 230

Hase, Prof. K., _cited_ on political expediency, view of, on importance
of Vatican Council to all denominations, 493

Haureau, _Histoire Litteraire_ by, divergence from, of Lea, 558, 563

Havet, 555

Haynald, Archbishop of Colocza, at Council of Bishops, 1867, 499

Hefele, defender of the Inquisition, 573
estimate by, of Doellinger, 434
on Papal Infallibility, 540, 544
on validity of dicta of Vatican Council, 548

Hegel, Carl, friend of Doellinger, 420

Hegel, G.W.F., 589, 590
definition by, of universal history, 224
as enemy of religion, Doellinger's disparaging view of, 376, 381
master of Cousin, 589
posthumous work of, 385
view of, on Development of Liberty, 596

Henry III., King of France (_see also_ Anjou. Duke of), 44, 580
Doellinger's lenient estimate of, 410
hopes of his destroying the Huguenots root and branch, 142;
urged on him by Muzio, 143
and the murder of the Guises, 121, 213
reliance of, on _Il Principe_, 215

Henry IV., King of France, _see_ Navarre, King of

Heraclitus, of Ephesus, on the supremacy of reason and divine origin of
laws, 21, 22

Herbert, _cited_ to show Machiavelli's sacrifice to unity, 229

Herder, J.G., 375
on _Il Principe_, 228

Heresy (_see also_ Intolerance, Persecution, _and_ Toleration), books
on, definition of, by the Archbishop of Cologne, 531
Calvin's views on punishment, 181;
its famous refutation, 182
causes of, in Frohschammer, 481
dependent on the State, 317
laws of Frederic II. on, 152, 555
punishable by death, doctrine of the Church, 216-19
methods of dealing with the Reformers _cited_ on, 154, 157, 163-164,
166, 167, 175, 181, 183

Heretics, attitude towards, of St. Dominic, 554
Catholic theory on the proper way to deal with, 569;
discredit incurred from, 140-41
a prominent dissentient, 144
divisions among, 103
first proscribed in Aragon, 557-58
murder of, Guyon on, 147

Hermann, reliance of Doellinger on authority of, 403

Hermas, 406

Hermes and followers denied the power of _the Index_, 473

Hesse, Landgrave of, bigamy of, why condoned by Luther, 160 & _note_

Hindoos, stationary national character of, 241

Historians, qualities of, revealed by use made of their authorities, 235
scientific, method of, how differing from that of artist and annalist,
233

_Historical Philosophy in France and French Belgium and Switzerland_,
by Robert Flint, _review_, 588

History, deductions of, Doellinger's theory, 389-92;
not drawn from moral standards, 219-21
Doellinger's work in, 375-435
equity of, deductions drawn from action, 219
God seen in, 594
no conscience in, Hartwig's opinion of, 230
teaching of, Doellinger's desertion of theology for, 379-83
theory of, Doellinger's view, 385

_History, A, of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages_, by Henry Charles Lea,
review, 551

Hobbes, Thomas, advocate of passive obedience to kings, 48
and Machiavelli's policy, 228

Hoefler, 434

Hogendorp, on the American Revolution and the decline of religion in
America (circ. 1784), 584

Hohenlohe, Prince, defeat of his policy, 511
defeated by Ultramontanes, 505
Doellinger secretary to, 385
opposed to discussion of Infallibility at Vatican Council, 503-4

Hohenzollern, house of, contests of Silesia with, 275

Holland, _see also_ Low Countries and Netherlands, declares for the
Prince of Orange, 103
republican, an exception to common law of dynastic states, 274

Holst on Hamilton's genius, 581
_Verfassungsgeschichte_, by, 577

Holy Alliance, originated by Baader, 377;
the devotion of, to absolutist interests, 282;
and to suppression of the revolution and national spirit, 283

_Home and Foreign Review, The_, action concerning, of Wiseman, 439-40;
deprecated, 440 et seq.;
his complaints investigated, 442-43;
and replied to, 443-44;
how Wiseman came to misconceive the words of the Review, 444 _et seq._;
position on which the Review was founded, 447, 457;
sphere of such a publication delimited, 448-56;
topics excluded from its purview, 457;
its aid to religion indirect but valuable, 459;
attitude of, on supreme authority of the Church, 482-91

Honorius III., Pope, characterisation by, of Gregory IX., 556
the Inquisition extant under, 554
and the Lombard law for burning heretics, 556

Hooker's _Ecclesiastical Polity_, 45

Hosius, Cardinal, opposition of, to Beza, concerning the Polish
Socinians, 146

Hoetzl, Father, support of Doellinger, 545

House of Commons, the, and the Inquisition, 570

Huguenots, expulsion of from Switzerland, 125
massacres of, in Paris and the provinces, 106, _and see_ Massacre
of St. Bartholomew _passim_
position of, in 1572, and apparent prospects, 102
views of, on the massacres of co-religionists, 145-46

Humboldt, W. von, 282

Hume, David, 54; _cited_ on _Il Principe_, 218

Hungary, Church constitution of 1869., 510
growing autonomy of, 526

Huns, stationary national character of, 241

Hus, John, difference between his teaching and Luther's, 271
trial of, 552, 570;
a test case, 572;
Lea's puzzling views on, 573

Ideals, energy evoked by, why greater than in case of rational ends, 272
usefulness of, 272;
how limited, 273

Ideas, abstract, more powerful than practical, views on cited, 585

_Il Principe_ (Machiavelli's), dedication of, 215
Nourrisson's praise of, 227
Pole's attention called to, 214
publication of, 214;
interpretation of, by all later history, 213;
known to Pole and Cromwell, 214
various criticisms of, 218

Immaculate Conception, doctrine of, Archbishop of St. Louis on, 545

Income Tax, known in Middle Ages, 39

Independent congregations, advocacy of toleration by, 52

_Index_, the Church's instrument of preventing scandal by literature,
469-471
institution and origin of, 215, 495
permanent exclusion of _Il Principe_ by, 215
power of, in Germany, 473
reform of, urged on and effected by the Vatican Council, 495, 525, 531
sanction of, 544

Indifference, religious, of educated Protestants, 350-51

Indulgences granted by Pius V., in connection with war against the
heretics, 141

Infallibility, Papal--
attitude to, of Lamennais, 462-4, 465, 466
Bavarian warning against adoption of, by Vatican Council, 511
_Civilta Cattolica_ on, 500-501
continental discussions on, 518
debate on, at Vatican Council, 532-549
declaration of, urged on Vatican Council, 499
definition of, not to be made, by Vatican Council, 518
discussion and definition of, by Vatican Council, 525-49
doctrine of the Jesuits, 498;
establishment of, Vatican Council, 499
opinions in England, on discussion of, at Vatican Council, 507
opposition to, 502-4
origin of doctrine of, 513-515
to be presented at Vatican Council, 500-501
proposed by Cardoni at commission of preparation for Vatican Council, 500

Infidelity, growth of, due to intolerance, 256

Innocent III., commonly reported as founder of the Inquisition, 553;
intolerance of, 431
treatment of heretics, 568

Innocent IV., Pope, _cited_, 206

Innocent X., Pope, protest against Peace of Westphalia, 324-25

Innocent XI., Doellinger's proposed history of, 433

Innocent XI., Pope, and the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, 147

Inquisition, the, earlier and later, distinction between aims and
characteristics of, 552
Lea's view on, 568
Machiavelli denounced to, 214-15
never admitted into England, 59
origin of, controversy on, 553
period of its activity and decline, 574
problem of, 570
sanction of, 544
in Spain, 152
supporters of, 570
tribunal of, appropriation by Spanish kings leading to absolute
monarchy, 41
at Vienna, 184
writers defending, 573
_Inquisition, The, of the Middle Ages, A History of_, by Henry Charles
Lea, review, 551

_Institutes_, Calvin's, on Toleration, 182

Insurrections previous to 1789, wherein differing from the French
Revolution, 271

Intellectual offices of the Church not exclusively hers, 448-9

International league of nations founded by Mazzini, 286

Intolerance carried to an extreme by the Anabaptists, 172
Catholic and Protestant, distinguished, 165, 168-70, 186-7
cause of growth of infidelity, 256
inherent in the Mediaeval Church, Leas view, 571
motive and principle of, when justifiable, 251
of Reformers, 184
as a rule of life, Lea's view on, 562-3

Ireland, Church in, Goldwin Smith's views on, 259
Celtic race in, yielding to higher political aptitude of the
English, 242
failure of Reformation in, 43
history of, comparative method of, study of, 234
land question, the great difficulty in, 236
question of, Doellinger's views on, 434
religious disabilities in, an engine of political oppression, 253
and Ultramontanism at Vatican Council, 507

Irish agitation, causes united in, 284

Israelites, democracy of the, 65
government of, exhibiting principle upon which freedom has been won, 4, 5
a federation held together by faith and race, 4
resistance of monarchy among, by prophet Samuel, 4

Italian States (1862), nationality in, 295

Italy, Austrian rule in, error of, 285
effect on, of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 124, 143
literature of, influence on Doellinger, 386-7
policy of, under Machiavelli and before, use of assassination, 213
politics of, influenced by Vatican Council, 508-511
reliance in, on Machiavelli, 226
Machiavelli's triumph, 225, 266
temporal power of papacy in, 355-62, 367-71
wisdom of Huguenot massacres confessed, 125

Ivan the Terrible. Czar of Muscovy, protests of, on the St.
Bartholomew, 144

Jackson, Andrew, American President, 578

Jacobins, policy of, criticism of, 261

James II., King of England, 54, 410
overthrow imperative, 468

Janus, 519; book on Ultramontane ideal, 511, 513

Jefferson, Thomas, President, U.S.A., 579
irreligion of, 585

Jesuit attitude to the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 1, 127, 147, 148

Jesuits, the, and infallibility, 498
and preparations for Vatican Council, 497-98

Jews, _see also_ Israelites
treatment of, by Catholics, 169;
and by Protestants, 164, 179

Joachim, Abbot, and his work, 560

Joan of Arc, 552;
authorities on, not consulted by Lea, 558

John Of Salisbury, 45;
reputed author of the _Historia Pontificalis_, 559

Joubert, on authority of the Church, 463

Judae, Leo, views of, as to persecution, 174

Julian, apostate, reasons for persecution by, 196

Julius Caesar, conversion by, of Roman republic into monarchy, 15

Juergens, his estimate of Luther, 161

Justification by faith, dogma of, as test of orthodoxy, 158

Justin, summit reached by, 406

Justinian, code of, greatest obstacle to liberty next to feudalism, 79
on the absolute authority of the Roman Emperor, 31

Kolde, effect of works of, 408

Kampschulte, effect of works of, 408

Kant, Immanuel, 594

Kaulbach, pictorial ridicule of Doellinger's _Reformation_, 411

Kenrick, on Papal infallibility, 540, 544

Ketteler, W.E. von, Doellinger's lectures praised by, 381
on Papal infallibility, 540, 544

Kings, status of, in England, Canning on, 583-84

Kirchmann on political ethics, 222
_cited_ on the adoption of Machiavelli's policy, 227-28

Klein. J.L., _cited_ on Machiavelli's moral purpose, 229

Kleutgen, garbled version of Strossmayer's protest, 542

Kliefoth, influence on Doellinger, 389
work on penitential system, 381

Knowledge, growth of, freedom of, in the Church, 461

Knox, John, 44
"Monstrous Regiment of Women," 45

Laboulaye, indictment against democracy, 93

Labour, supremacy of English nation in art of, 60

Lacordaire, Henry, advice of, ignored by Montalembert, 400
_cited_ on political honesty, 220
Doellinger antagonistic to, 401
on St. Dominic, 428

Lafayette, 590

La Farina, tribute to Machiavelli, 226