Chapter XXIX: Part 29

Unity, aimed at, by English Catholics, 438
change of constitution effected by, in Italy and Germany, 225
of faith in France, enforcement of, aim of the Court, 117
liberty sacrificed to, by Machiavelli, 229
in relation to nationality, 287, 289
and religious liberty, incompatibility of, frequent, 252
necessity for, in Church and State, 252
religious, in relation to religious freedom, 152

Universal suffrage, of what school the triumph, 590

University of Paris and the Inquisition, 570

Ussher, Archbishop, advocate of passive obedience to kings, 47

Utilitarianism in classical ages, 17

Utrecht Psalter, story of, 551

Vaissete, 565

Valois, Margaret of, _see_ Navarre, Queen of

Vasari, paintings by, in the Sixtine Chapel, of the Massacre of
St. Bartholomew, 135

Vatican Council, 431, 492-550
constitution of, 501-11
convened by Pius IX., 492;
approbation of Pius IX.'s action in convening, 492-511
decree of, dissatisfaction with, 531
discussion on validity of dicta of, 548
Infallibility, doctrine of, its victory over opposition, 543
letter from German bishops to, on doctrinal points, 517
methods of, reformed to involve admission of Papal Infallibility, 539
opening of, 511
opposition at, 492-511, 525-9
preparations for, 492-511
proceedings of, 527-50
programme of, discussed in _The Reform of the Church in its Head and
Members_, 494-6
representation on:--
by Belgium, 507
by England, 506
by France, 504
by Germany, 505
by Italy, 508
by Portugal, 507
by Spain, 507
Strossmayer prevented by, from protesting, 541

_Vaticinia Pontificum_, Lea's knowledge of, 560

Vauban, Marshal, 48

Vaudois, the, of Provence, extermination of, by Louis XII., 217

Vavasour, Sir Edward, acquaintance of, with Doellinger, 388

Venice, extinction of, as State, 283
not surprised by the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 109;
the event celebrated at, 125
and political murders, 213, 214
withdrawal of, from the League, 105, 107
republic of, nature, 49

Vergennes, _cited_ on political judgment, 227

Vergniaud, on the laws in relation to the will of the people, 276

Verona, centre of historical work, 387

Vespucci, 562

Veuillot, Louis, Doellinger on, 428
and the _Droit du Seigneur_, 566
Montalembert, _cited_ on, 428

Vico, 590

Vienna, Congress of, dynastic interests
predominant at, 282-3
effects of, on ideas of nationality, 283

Vienne, Inquisition at, and Servetus, 184

Villari, admiration of Machiavelli, 226

Vinet, 591

Virginia and Maryland, 187

Visconti family, models for Machiavelli, 212

_Vitae Paparum Avenionensium_, utilised by Lea and others, 559

Vives, toleration taught by, 570

Voltaire, profane criticism of, 218

Waldenses, analogy of Arnold of Brescia with, 559
why they opposed persecution, 563

Waldus, 558

Walpole, Horace, _cited_ on political scruples, 219

Walsingham, English ambassador in France, his reports on the Massacre
of St. Bartholomew, 101, 107, 115-16
condemnation by French Catholics as a whole, 143

War, art of, no national feeling in, till after 1789., 274
of Deliverance, new forces evoked by, 282
of 1859, troubles of the Papacy after, 412-14

Wars of religion, end of, 274

Washington, George, 579
political example of, 586

Waterloo, 282

Webster, 584

Weingarten on St. Anthony's life and origin of monasticism, 420

Wesel, English Calvinists at, 170

Wesley, John, Doellinger's tribute to, 395

Westminster, Archbishop of, at Council of Bishops, 1867., 500
on Papal Infallibility, 528

Westphalia, Peace of, and Roman ambition, 323, 324

Whigs, English, and their continental counterparts, attitude of,
after Waterloo, 282

Wilberforce, Archdeacon, Doellinger consulted by, 395
Samuel, Bishop of Winchester, story of, 551

Wilkins, 421

Will or sovereignty, the, of the people (_see also_ Democracy),
as criterion of right, 271;
as above the law, 276;
idea of, the parent of idea of nationality, 277
theory of nationality involved in, 287

William III., King of England, and massacre of Glencoe, 218, 410

Windelband, _cited_ on national government, 227

Windischmann (elder), Doellinger's esteem for, 381
public indifference to, 430

Winkelmann on the Inquisition, 426

Wirtemberg, left by Moehler, after publication of _Symbolik_, 377
Duke of, and the Huguenot refugees, 145

Wiseman, Cardinal, 424, 436
Doellinger consulted by, on mediaeval authorities, 390-91
influence of, on the Church of England, and on the Oxford movement,
437-8
literary standing of, 437, 438
position of, universal and local in Catholicism, 437
relations of, with English Catholics, 437, 438
view of, on English theology, 380
work of, at Oscott, 438
on the "covert insinuations" of the _Home and Foreign Review_, 439-40;
the editor's defence of that publication, 440 _et seq._

Witt, De, murder of, 410

Wittelsbach, house of, contests of the Empire in the, 275

Wuerzburg, Bishop of, reform urged by, 495
(city) Doellinger and Platen at, 375

Wycliffe, John, difference between his teaching and Luther's, 271

Ximenes, Cardinal, and the Inquisition, 570

_Young Europe_, Mazzini's evolution of _Young Italy_, 286

_Young Italy_ and Mazzini, 286

Zanchini, an Inquisitor, leading authority of the fourteenth century, 559;
_cited_ by Lea, 560

Zeller, _cited_ on Anti-Machiavel policy in Prussia, 227

Zimmerman, Wilhelm, and Machiavelli's policy, 227

Zuniga, Juan and Diego, 123
denunciation by, of French treachery even to heretics, etc., 144

Zuerich, the question of toleration in, 174, 175

Zwickau, Saxony, prophets of, Melanchthon's attitude towards, 164

Zwingli, Ulrich, influence of, on politics, 81;
influence of environment on him, 173, 177
theory of government, including persecution, 173-4
republican views of, 42

Zwinglian schism, influence of, on Luther, 155

Zwinglians, the, condemned by Melanchthon, 167, 170 _note_

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HISTORICAL ESSAYS

AND STUDIES

BY THE LATE LORD ACTON, D.C.L., LL.D., ETC. REGIUS PROFESSOR OF MODERN HISTORY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE

Edited with an Introduction by JOHN NEVILLE FIGGIS, M.A., and REGINALD VERE LAURENCE, M.A.

CONTENTS

I. Wolsey and the Divorce of Henry VIII. II. The Borgias and their Latest Historian. III. Secret History of Charles II. IV. The Civil War in America. V. The Rise and Fall of the Mexican Empire. VI. Cavour. VII. The Causes of the Franco-Prussian War. VIII. The War of 1870. IX. George Eliot's "Life." X. Mr. Buckle's "Thesis and Method." XI. German Schools of History. XII. Talleyrand's Memoirs. XIII. The "Life" of Lord Houghton. XIV. A History of the Papacy during the Period of the Reformation. XV. A Short History of Napoleon I. The First Napoleon: A Sketch, Political and Military. XVI. Mabillon et la Societe de l'Abbaye de Saint-Germain-des-Pres a la Fin du XVIIe Siecle. XVII. A History of England, 1837-1880. XVIII. A History of the French Revolution. XIX. Wilhelm von Giesebrecht.

MACMILLAN AND CO., LTD., LONDON.

BY THE SAME AUTHOR

_8vo. 10s. net._

LECTURES ON MODERN HISTORY

BY THE LATE LORD ACTON, D.C.L., LL.D., ETC.

REGIUS PROFESSOR OF MODERN HISTORY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE

Edited with an Introduction by JOHN NEVILLE FIGGIS, M.A., and REGINALD VERE LAURENCE, M.A.

CONTENTS

Introduction.

Inaugural Lecture on the Study of History.

LECTURES ON MODERN HISTORY I. Beginning of the Modern State. II. The New World. III. The Renaissance. IV. Luther. V. The Counter-Reformation. VI. Calvin and Henry VIII. VII. Philip II., Mary Stuart, and Elizabeth. VIII. The Huguenots and the League. IX. Henry the Fourth and Richelieu. X. The Thirty Years' War. XI. The Puritan Revolution. XII. The Rise of the Whigs. XIII. The English Revolution. XIV. Lewis XIV. XV. The War of the Spanish Succession. XVI. The Hanoverian Settlement. XVII. Peter the Great and the Rise of Prussia. XVIII. Frederic the Great. XIX. The American Revolution. Appendix I.--Letter to Contributors to the Cambridge Modern History. Appendix II.--Notes to Inaugural Lecture. Index.

MACMILLAN AND CO., LTD., LONDON.