Chapter I: Front Matter

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

PAGE

1. Ancient Male and Female Costumes. Vase-painting from _Élite céramographique_, II. 27 5

2. Antique Male _Chiton_ with _Himation_. Vase-painting from Gerhard. _Etruskische und campanische Vasenbilder._ Plate 21 6

3. Antique Costumes (Dance) from the François Vase. From the _Wiener archæologische Vorlegeblätter_. Series II. Plates 3 and 14 8

4. Costumes of the Fifth Century B.C. (Rape of Helen.) Vase-painting by Hiero. From Gerhard. _Trinkschalen und Gefäsze._ Plates 11 and 12 10

5. Short Male Chiton with _Kolpos_. Vase-painting from Gerhard. (_See_ 2.) Plates 6 and 7 13

6. Warrior in _Exomis_. Relief on a Tombstone. From _Bulletin de correspondence hellénique_, IV. Plate 7 14

7. Statue of Sophocles in the Lateran. From a Photograph 16

8. Citizen in Chiton and Himation. Terra-cotta from _Bull. de corr. hell._, VII. Plate 12 17

9. Costume of Ephebos (Adoration of a Hermes). Vase-painting from Schreiber. _Kulturhistorischer Atlas, Altertum._ Plate 14, 3 18

10. Dress of Attic Ephebos (Farewell of a Young Warrior). Vase-painting from Baumeister. _Denkmäler des classichen Altertums._ Fig. 421 19

11. Antique Female Costumes from the François Vase. From _Wiener arch. Vorlegebl._ 23

12. Antique Female Costume. Vase-painting by Exekias. From _Mon. d'Inst. Archéol._, II. 22 24

13. Antique Female Costume. Vase-painting from Stephani. _Kampf des Theseus and Minotaurus._ Plate I 25

14. Antique Female Dress, from the François Vase. (_See_ 3.) Plate V 26

15. Antique Female Costumes. Vase-painting from _El. céram._, III. 36, B 27

16. Ancient Female Costume with _Kolpos_. Vase-painting from Gerhard. _Auserlesene Vasenbilder_, III. 727 29

17. Dress of the Fifth Century B.C. From a Vase-painting by Euphronios. From the _Wiener arch. Vorlegebl._ Series V. Plate 7 31

18. Female Costume of the Fifth Century B.C. (Mænads), from a Vase by Hiero. _Idem._ Plate 4 32

19. Female Costume of the Fifth Century B.C., from a Vase by Brygos. From _Mon. d'Inst._, V. 14 34

20. Modes of arranging Chiton. V.-P. from Tischbein. _Vases Hamilton_, I. 7 35

21. Putting on the Chiton and arranging the Bib. Bronze Statue from Herculaneum. From a Photograph 36

22. Caryatid from the Erechtheum. From Baumeister. (_See_ 10.) Fig. 535 37

23. High-girt Chiton with Himation. Statue of a Daughter of Niobe in the _Museo Chiaramonti_ in the Vatican. From a Photograph 38

24. Ungirt Chiton with Himation. V.-P., Gerhard. (_See_ 2.) Plates 6 and 7 40

25. Open Chiton with Mantle. Vase-painting from the _Wiener arch. Vorlegebl._ Series II. Plate 6, 2 41

26. Open Chiton with Mantle. Vase-painting from _El. céram._, III. 56 42

27. Lady in Walking Dress. Terra-cotta Figure from Stackelberg. _Gräber der Hellenen._ Plate 67 41 and 45

28. Lady in Walking Dress. _Idem_ 46

29. Sandals. Collected from Works of Art (chiefly Vase-paintings) 49

30. Sandals with High Straps. _Idem_ 50

31. Antique Men's Shoes. _Idem_ 51

32. Men's and Women's Shoes. _Idem_ 52

33. High Boots (_Endromides_). _Idem_ 53

34. High Boots with Overhanging Lappets. _Idem_ 54

35. Various Shapes of the _Petasos_. _Idem_ 56

36. The Common Forms of _Petasos_. _Idem_ 57

37. Uncommon Forms of _Petasos_. _Idem_ 58

38. Youth in Travelling Costume. Vase-painting from Overbeck. _Gallerie heroischer Bildwerke._ Plate 2, 1 59

39. _Exomis_ and _Pilos_. Statuette of Odysseus. From Winckelmann. _Monumenti mediti_, No. 154 60

40. Sailor's Costume. V.-P. from Welcker. _Alte Denkamäler_, III. Plate 39, 1 61

41. Lady with _Petasos_. Terra-cotta Figure from Kekulé. _Terra-cotten von Sicilien._ Plate 33 62

42. Lady with Sunshade. V.-P. from Gerhard. _Vases grecs._ Plate 8 63

43 and 44. Antique Modes of Dressing the Hair. Vase-painting and Marble Head from Schreiber. (_See_ 9.) Plate 85, 3 and 14 66

45 and 46. Antique Coiffures. Marble Heads from _Mitteilungen des Deutschen archäologischen Instituts in Athen_, VIII. (1883.) Plate X. 12a and XI. 1 67

47. Antique Coiffure. Marble Head. _Idem._ Plate XII. 4a and 4b 68

48. Antique Coiffure. V.-P. by Euphronios. _Idem._ Plate XI. 5 69

49. Antique Coiffure. Bronze Head from Pompeii. From a Photograph 70

50. Antique Mode of Wearing the Beard. Relief from _Nuove memorie dell'Inst. Archeol._ Plate 13 73

51 and 52. Female Coiffure. Terra-cotta Heads from Kekulé. (_See_ 41.) Plates 161 and 22, 6 74

53 and 54. Female Coiffure. _Idem._ Plates 16, 5 and 162 75

55, 56, 57. Female Coiffure. _Idem._ Plates 17, 1; 18, 5; and 19, 5 76 and 77

58. Relief from a Tomb representing Child in Swaddling-clothes. From _Ann. d'Inst._ 1830. Add. Plate, G 79

59. Hermes in the Cradle. V.-P. from _Arch. Zeitg._ for 1844. Plate 20 81

60. Child's Bed on Rollers. V.-P. from _Nuove mem. dell'Inst. Arch._ Plate 15, 2 82

61. Mother giving her Child the Breast. Terra-cotta Figure from Gerhard. _Gesammelte Abhandlungen._ Plate 80, 2 83

62. Mother and Child. Relief from a Tomb at Athens. From a Photograph 86

63. Boy with small Cart and Dog. V.-P. from Stackelberg. (_See_ 27.) Plate 17 87

64. Child's Cart. Vase-painting from _Compte-rendu de la commission archéologique de St. Pétersbourg_. 1871. Plate 5, 4 88

65. Child with Cart drawn by Dogs. V.-P. from Baumeister. (_See_ 10.) Fig. 766 89

66. Jointed Doll. Terra-cotta Figure. From _Antiqu. du Bosph. Cimmér._ Plate 74, 8 90

67. Boy with Hoop. Vase-painting from _El céram._, I. 18 91

68. Toy Quiver. From _Compte-rendu de St. Pètersb._ for 1873. Plate 38 92

69. Girl flying a Kite. Vase-painting from _Arch. Ztg._ for 1895, p. 125 93

70. Boy with Wheel. V.-P. from Benndorf. _Griech. u. Sicil. Vasenbilder_, p. 62 94

71. Woman with Wheel. Vase-painting from Gerhard, _Vases grecs._ Plate 10 95

72. Child's Swing. V.-P. from _Ann. d'Inst._ 1857. Add. Plate, A 96

73. See-saw. Vase-painting from Schreiber. (_See_ 9.) Plate 79, 6 96

74. See-saw on the Foot. V.-P. from Baumeister. (_See_ 10.) Fig. 834 97

75. Attic School Instruction. Vase-painting by Duris. From _Arch. Ztg._ for 1869. Plate 1 105

76. Ephebi racing on Horseback. V.-P. from Schreiber. (_See_ 9.) Plate 24, 9 125

77. Female Racer from Elis. Statue in the Vatican. From a Photograph 131

78. Reception of Bride at Bridegroom's House. Vase-painting from Stackelberg. (_See_ 27.) Plate 32 143

79. Women at the Well. Vase-painting from Gerhard. (_See_ 16.) IV. 308, 9 150

80. Woman Spinning. Vase-painting. _Idem_, IV. 302 and 3, M 3 153

81. Woman at the Loom (Penelope). V.-P. from _Mon. d'Inst._, IX. 42, 1 154

82. Women at Bath and the Toilet. Vase-painting from Stackelberg. (_See_ 27.) Plate 33 155

83. Women Washing. Vase-painting from Gerhard. (_See_ 16.) III. 218 156

84. Folding-up Clothes. Vase-painting. _Idem_, IV. 301 157

85. Women's Toilet and Bath. V.-P. from Baumeister. (_See_ 10.) Fig. 220 158

86. Washing at the Well and Completion of Toilet. (Athene and Hera before the Judgment of Paris.) V.-P. from _Mon. d'Inst._, IV. 18 160

87. Women's Public Bath. Vase-painting from _El. céram._, IV. 18 161

88. Toilet Scene. Vase-painting from _Gazette archéologique_ for 1879. Plate 23 Frontispiece

89. Lady Arranging her Hair. Terra-cotta from Tanagra. _Idem._ 1878. Plate 10 163

90. Lady (Bride?) at her Toilet. V-P. from Benndorf. (_See_ 70.) Plate 45, 1 164

91. Scene from the Life of Women. V.-P. from Gerhard. (_See_ 4.) Plate 14, 1 165

92. Toilet Scenes. From _Compte-rendu de St. Pétersbourg_. 1860. Plate 1, 3 168

93. Diagram of a Water-clock 187

94. Bronze Razors, from Helbig. _Das homerische Epos._ Fig. 49 188

95. Hair-dresser. Terra-cotta Group, from Tanagra. From _Arch. Ztg._, XXXII. Plate 14 189

96. Men's Public Bath. Vase-painting from Schreiber. (_See_ 9.) Plate 21, 9 193

97 and 98. Drinking Scenes. V.-P. from _Mon. d'Inst._, III. 12 210 and 211

99. Female Juggler. Vase-painting from _Mus. Borbonico_, VII. 35 217

100. Female Juggler, from Baumeister. (_See_ 10.) Fig. 631 218

101. Cottabus. Vase-painting from _Mon. d'Inst._, VII. 51, 2 222

102. Playing "Board-games." Terra-cotta Group from _Arch. Ztg._, XXI. Plate 173, 1 224

103. Girl Playing Astragals. Terra-cotta Figure from Tanagra; from Baumeister. (_See_ 10.) Fig. 156 226

104. Morra Players. Vase-painting from _Arch. Ztg._, XXIX. Plate 56, 1 227

105. Cock-fighting. Vase-painting from Baumeister. (_See_ 10.) Fig. 695 228

106. Consequences of Intemperance. Vase-painting from _Arch. Vorlegebl._ Series VIII. Plate 5 229

107. Scene at a Nocturnal Comus (Hercules and Satyrs). Vase-painting from Benndorf. (_See_ 70.) Plate 95 231

108. Funeral Lament. Vase-painting from _Mon. d'Inst._, III. 60 247

109. Funeral Lament. V.-P. from _Ann. d'Inst._ 1869. Plate 299, O.P .248

110. Burial. Vase-painting from _Mon. d'Inst._, VIII. 4, 1b 252

111. Corpse in the Tomb. V.-P. from Stackelberg. (_See_ 27.) Plate 38 253

112. Extinguishing the Funeral Pile. V.-P. from _Mon. d'Inst._, IV. 41 256

113 and 114. Athenian Beliefs on Tombs. From _Arch. Ztg._, XXIX. Plates 43 and 44 257 and 259

115. Care of a Grave. Vase-painting from Stackelberg. (_See_ 27.) Plate 44 260

116. Care of a Grave. Vase-painting from Benndorf. (_See_ 70.) Plate 25 261

117. Relief from an Athenian Tomb. From a Photograph 263

118. Gymnastic Exercises. V.-P, from Baumeister. (_See_ 10.) Fig. 611 267

119. Exercise with Dumb-bells. Engraving from a Bronze Discus. From _Ann. d'Inst._ Plate B 268

120. Racers. Vase-painting from _Mon. d'Inst._, X. 48m 272

121. Runners and Jumpers. Vase-painting from Gerhard. (_See_ 16.) IV. 259 273

122. Armour Race. Vase-painting from _Mon. d'Inst._, X. 48e, 3 274

123. Standing Discobolus of the Vatican. Marble Statue. From a Photograph 276

124. Throwing Discobolus (after Myron) in the Vatican. Marble Statue. From a Photograph 279

125. Discobolus after the Throw. Bronze Statue at Naples. From a Photograph 280

126. Spear-thrower. Engraving. Reverse of Fig. 119 282

127. Running, Jumping, Spear-throwing, Boxing. Vase-painting by Pamphaios, From _Mon. d'Inst._, XI. 24 283

128. Wrestlers. Marble Group in the Uffizzi at Florence. From a Photograph 287

129. Wrestlers. Vase-painting from _Mon. d'Inst._, II. 24 288

130. Wrestlers. Vase-painting. _Idem_, X. 48e, 1 289

131. Wrestlers. Vase-painting from Gerhard. (_See_ p. 4.) Plate 20 291

132. Boxers. Vase-painting from _Mon. d'Inst._, 48e, 2 294

133. Boxers. Vase-painting from Benndorf. (_See_ 70.) Plate 31, 2a 295

134. Gymnastic Exercise with a Sphere. Bas-relief from Schreiber. (_See_ 9.) Plate 23, 2 300

135. Archery. Vase-painting from Schreiber. (_See_ 9.) Plate 80, 7 301

136. Women playing Musical Instruments. V.-P. from _El. céram._, II. 86 310

137. Woman playing the Trigonon. Vase-painting from _Mon. d'Inst._, V. 37 313

138 and 139. Flute player. Bronze Statuette from Dodona. From Carapanos. _Dodone et ses ruines._ Plate 10 314 and 315

140. Flute-player. Vase-painting from _Mon. d'Inst._, X. 10 317

141. Performance of a Flute-player. Vase-painting by Euphronios. From _Wiener arch. Vorlegebl._ Series V. 4 318

142. Female Flute-player and Dancer with Castanets. Vase-painting by Hiero. _Idem._ Series C. 5 319

143. Lustral Sacrifice. Vase-painting from Heydemann. _Griechische Vasenbilder._ Plate 11, 3 331

144. Presentation of Sacrificial Offerings. Vase-painting from _Mon. d'Inst._, VI. and VII. Plate 37 332

145 and 146. Presentation of Sacrificial Offerings. Vase-paintings from Benndorf. (_See_ 70.) Plate 45, 2 333 and 334

147. Sacrificial Scene, Vase-painting from _Mon. d'Inst._, IX. 53 339

148. Leaden Tablet with Question addressed to the Oracle of Delphi. From Carapanos. (_See_ 138.) Plate 36, 2 345

149. Putting Horses to a Chariot. Vase-painting from Gerhard. (_See_ 16.) IV. 249 and 250 355

150. Plan and Section of the great Theatre of Dionysus at Athens. From the _Zeitschrift für Bildende Kunst_ for 1878, p. 193 393

151. Theatre of Syracuse in its present Condition. From a Photograph 395

152. Theatre of Syracuse: Ground plan. From Strack. _Griechisches Theater._ Plate V. 1 396

153. Theatre of Segesta, Reconstructed. _Idem._ Plate I 397

154 and 155. Tragic Mask. Terra-cotta from Vulci. From _Ann. d'Inst._ 1881. Plate K 427

156 and 157. Comic Masks. _Idem._ Plate J 431

158. Comic Actor. Terra-cotta from _Arch. Ztg._ for 1854 Plate 69, 3 432

159. Comic Actor. Terra-cotta from Kekulé. (_See_ 41.) Plate 51, 5 433

160. Masks from the Andromeda-myth. Pompeian Wall-painting from _Arch. Ztg._ for 1878. Plate 3 435

161 and 162. Tragic Actor. Ivory Statuette from _Mon. d'Inst._, XI. 13 437

163. Scene from Comedy (The Sick Chiron?) Vase-painting from _El. céram._, II. 94 439

164. Scene from Comedy. (Adventure of Hercules.) Vase-painting from _Arch. Vorlegebl._ Series B. Plate 32, a 441

165. Scene from Comedy. (Soldier and Parasite.) Pompeian Wall-painting from _Mus. Borbon._, IV. 18 443

166. Military Chariot. Vase-painting from _Compte-rendu_ for 1874. Plate 5 453

167 and 168. Warriors putting on their Armour. From Gerhard. (_See_ 16.) IV. 269 458 and 459

169. Murder of Dolon. Vase-painting from Gerhard. (_See_ 4.) Plate C, 1 460

170. Achilles binds up the Wounds of Patroclus. Vase painting from _Mon. d'Inst._, I. 25 461

171. Farewell of Amphiaraus. _Idem_, III. 54 463

172. Equipment of a Warrior. Vase-painting by Duris. _Idem_, VIII. 41 464

173. 174, and 175. Ancient Greek Helmets. From Helbig. (_See_ 94.) Figs. 70-72 466

176. Warriors playing Draughts. Vase-painting from _Mon. d'Inst._, II. 22 467

177. Death of Memnon. Vase-painting from Gerhard. (_See_ 4.) Plate D 469

178, 179, 180, 181. Spear-heads from Dodona. From Carapanos. (_See_ 138.) Plates, 57, 8; 58, 1; 3 and 5 471 and 472

182, 183, 184. Swords from Mycenae. From Helbig. (_See_ 94.) Figs. 90, 86 and 87 473

185 and 186. Swords from Italian Lake-dwellings. _Idem._ Figs. 88 and 89 474

187. Head of an Arrow from Megalopolis 477

188 and 189. Greek Spurs from Dodona. From Carapanos. (_See_ 138.) Plate 52, 1 and 2 479

190. Sailing Vessel. Vase-painting from Schreiber. (_See_ 9.) Plate 45, 11 481

191. Ship of Odysseus. Vase-painting from _Mon. d'Inst._, I. 8 482

192 and 193. Antique Ships with Spurs at the Prow. Vase-painting from Helbig. (_See_ 94.) Figs. 3 and 4 483

194. Ship with two Rows of Oars. V.-P. from Schreiber. (_See_ 9.) Plate 45, 12 484

195. Attic Trireme. Relief from _Ann. d'Inst._ 1861. Plate M, 2 485

196. Men Ploughing, Vase-painting from _Berichte der Sächsischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaft_ for 1867. Plate I. 1 494

197. Olive Harvest. _Idem._ Plate III. 2 495

198. Artisan in _Exomis_. Terra-cotta from _Bull. de corr. hell._, VII. Plate 12 502

199. Shoemaker. Vase-painting. (_See_ 196.) Plate III. 5 503

200. Shoemaker's Workshop. Vase-painting from _Mon. d'Inst._, XI. 28, 1 505

201. Smithy. _Idem._ Plate 28, 2 507

202. Brass Foundry. Vase-painting. (_See_ 196.) Plate V. 4 508

203. Vase Factory. From _Ann. d'Inst._ 1876. Plates D, E 509

204. Cook(?). Terra-cotta from Tanagra. From _Arch. Ztg._ for 1874. Plate 14 511

205. Trade in silphium. Vase-painting from _Mon. d'Inst._, I. 47 515

206. Slave. Terra-cotta from _Bull. de cor. hellén._ 528