Chapter XI: Part 11

Wales, George, Prince of, ii. 49, 266, 275–6;
and Mr. Grey, i. 178;
and Duke of Northumberland, i. 179–180;
at Holland House, i. 190; ii. 82;
and Sheridan, i. 221–2; ii. 283–4;
and Mrs. Fitzherbert, i. 258;
on Lord Holland’s succession to Mr. Fox, ii. 183, 186–7;
on the Princess of Wales, ii. 197–9;
and the Catholic Question, ii. 222;
and Duke of York, ii. 268, 281–2;
and Mr. Adam, ii. 273–4;
and the Regency, ii. 278, 281–4;
and Mr. Perceval, ii. 276, 280, 289, 290;
and the Queen’s letter, ii. 289;
and Dr. Vaughan, ii. 290

Wales, Caroline, Princess of, ii. 199;
charges against, ii. 192–3, 207;
her defence, ii. 210

Washington, George, ii. 52

Webster, Sir Godfrey, his character, i. 6, 30;
he returns to England, i. 132;
his marriage annulled, i. 147;
and Harriet Webster, i. 263, 264;
his death, ii. 90–1;
the guardianship of his children, ii. 104

Webster, Harriet Frances, her birth, i. 126;
restored to her father, i. 263–4;
her fortune, ii. 98

Webster, Lady, _see_ Holland, Elizabeth, Lady

Webster, Godfrey Vassall (‘Webby’), i. 113, 143, 237; ii. 67, 98,
104–5

Wellesley, Sir Arthur (afterwards Duke of Wellington), ii. 246,
254, 264

Wellesley, Richard Colley, Marquess of, ii. 247–8, 249, 254

Westmoreland, John, 11th Earl of, in Ireland, ii. 14–15;
and George III., ii. 278

Whig Club, the, i. 214, 227

Whitbread, Samuel, and secession, ii. 38;
on Lord Lauderdale’s negotiations, ii. 196–7;
and Lord Howick, ii. 208, 211;
at Southill, ii. 244;
his unpopularity, ii. 285;
and Lord Grenville, ii. 287–8

Whitelocke, General, ii. 204

Whitworth, Charles, Lord, and the Czar, ii. 73

William V., of Holland, ii. 107

Wilson, General Sir Robert, in Portugal, ii. 271–2

Windham, William, refuses office, i. 118;
refuses a peerage, ii. 184;
and Lord Grenville, ii. 226;
his death, ii. 255–6

Wordsworth, William, ii. 231

Wycombe, Lord (afterwards 2nd Marquess of Lansdowne), i. 137, 240,
256, 266, 271–2; ii. 127;
his character, i. 126–7;
in Ireland, i. 191;
his disputes with his father, i. 176, 209–10, 239; ii. 85;
his journal quoted, ii. 142–5;
his death, ii. 247

Wyndham, Hon. William Frederick, i. 1;
British Ambassador at Florence, i. 103;
the appointment criticised, i. 104, 116;
quarrel with Lady Holland, i. 133, 135

Wyndham, Mrs., and Lady Holland, i. _96_, 127, 136;
and Harriet Webster, i. 126;
she quits her husband, i. 133

Yarmouth, Francis, Earl of (afterwards 2nd Marquess of Hertford),
i. 69, 80, 104;
and peace negotiations, ii. 163–5, 167–9, 177, 179

York, Frederick Augustus, Duke of, i. 89, 104;
and siege of Valenciennes, i. 80, 87, 91;
at Dunkirk, i. 93–5;
in Holland, ii. 13, 23, _32_, 59;
and Catholic Bill, ii. 224;
and Prince of Wales, ii. 268, 281–2

_Spottiswoode & Co. Ltd. Printers, New-street Square,
London_

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Sir George Lyttelton (1709–1773), created Baron Lyttelton in 1756. He married, first, in 1742, Lucy, daughter of Hugh Fortescue, Esq., of Filleigh, co. Devon; and secondly, in 1749, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Robert Rich, Bart. His son, Thomas, born in 1744, succeeded his father, but died without issue in 1779, when the peerage expired. It was, however, re-created in 1794 in favour of a cousin, from whom the present owner of Hagley, Viscount Cobham, is directly descended.

[2] These trees were sent as a present to Queen Mary by a Dutch merchant. The vessel in which they were placed was wrecked, and its contents were claimed by the Lord of the Manor, the owner of Margam. He afterwards offered to restore them, but was given them as a present by the King.

[3] Thomas Mansel Talbot married, in 1794, Lady Mary Lucy Fox-Strangways, second daughter of Henry Thomas, second Earl of Ilchester, and his first wife Mary Theresa, daughter of Standish O’Grady, Esq. After Mr. Talbot’s death Lady Mary married, in 1815, Sir Christopher Cole. She died in 1855. Margam belonged originally to the Mansel family, and came to the Talbots by marriage. The female line of the Mansels became extinct in 1750.

[4] Lord Plymouth died the preceding June, and their son, Other Archer,
who succeeded as sixth Earl, was at this time a boy of ten.

[5] Edward, fifth Earl of Oxford of that creation (1773–1848), who succeeded his cousin in 1790. He married, in 1794, Jane Elizabeth, daughter of Rev. James Scott, rector of Itchen, Hants. She died in 1824, at the age of fifty-one. Their eldest son, born in 1800, was drowned in a shipwreck off Jersey in 1828, and the peerage became extinct after their second son’s death. He succeeded his father in 1848.

[6] Richard Payne Knight (1750–1824), son of Rev. Thomas Knight, Rector of Bewdley, Worcestershire. He inherited Downton Castle from his grandfather, Richard Knight, about 1764, but spent many years in Italy, where he laid the foundations of his collection of coins, bronzes, and marbles. These he left at his death to the British Museum. He sat in the House of Commons from 1780 until 1806, and was looked upon as a recognised authority on the customs and arts of ancient times.

[7] Charles, eleventh Duke of Norfolk (1746–1815), who succeeded his father in 1786. He married, first, in 1767, Marian, daughter of John Coppinger, Esq. She died the following year, and, in 1771, he married Frances, only child of Charles Fitzroy Scudamore, of Holme Lacy, co. Hereford. On the Duke’s death in 1815 he was succeeded by his cousin. When the Duchess died in 1820, her property devolved on the heirs-at-law of her grandfather, the descendants of his sister Mary, wife of Sir Giles Brydges. The Duke was a firm supporter of the Whigs, and was dismissed by George III. from the Lord-Lieutenancy of Sussex in 1798, for an injudicious speech. See _ante_, i. 177.

[8] Edward Bolton Clive, a connection of Lord Clive, and sometime M.P. for Hereford. He was eldest son of George Clive and Sydney, daughter of Thomas Bolton, Esq. He married, in 1790, Harriet, daughter of Andrew, second Lord Archer.

[9] Captain Charles Morris was born in 1745. He entered the cavalry and exchanged into the Life Guards. He was an intimate associate of the Whigs, and many of his songs were directed against their political opponents. A constant guest at Carlton House, he was subsequently given a pension by the Prince of Wales, and lived for many years near Dorking previous to his death in 1838, in his ninety-third year.

[10] After the departure of Macdonald and the French from Naples, the town was seized by the Royalist bands and only two or three isolated fortresses garrisoned by Frenchmen and Neapolitan rebels held out. The sequence of subsequent affairs is most complicated. It appears a capitulation under terms was arranged, but was disallowed by Nelson until the sanction was obtained of the King, who was expected in the course of a few days. The result was to hand over to the popular fury many of those who had surrendered on the understanding that their lives were safe.

[11] A landing was effected near the Helder on August 27, and three days later the Dutch fleet, consisting of twelve ships of the line, obeyed Admiral Michell’s summons to surrender. The seamen were inclined to the Royal cause and forced their officers to take this course. Until the arrival of the Russians a fortnight later the English remained on the defensive, then an advance was commenced which proved unsuccessful. Various small engagements took place with varied result, but by the middle of October it was found impossible for the allies to win their way from the islands on which they were encamped. Retreat was therefore necessary, and a capitulation was arranged.

[12] Sherborne was granted in 1616 to Sir John Digby, first Earl of
Bristol, his father. It now belongs to Mr. Frederick Wingfield Digby.

[13] Sir Richard Colt Hoare, second Baronet (1758–1838), only son of Sir Richard Hoare, of Barn Elms, by his first wife, Anne, daughter of Henry Hoare, Esq., of Stourhead. The first Baronet had also a large family by his second wife, Frances Ann, daughter of Richard Acland, Esq.

[14] John, eleventh Earl of Westmorland (1759–1841). He succeeded his father in 1774, and married, against the wishes of her family, in 1782, Sarah Ann, only daughter of Robert Child, Esq., of Osterley Park. Her death took place in 1793, and Lord Westmorland married, in 1800, Jane, daughter of R. H. Saunders, Esq., M.D. He was Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland from 1790 to 1795, and Lord Privy Seal from 1798 until 1827, with a short interval in 1806–7.

[15] William Wingfield Baker, son of George Wingfield, of Cotham, co. Durham, and Mary, niece of George Sparrow, Esq. He married Charlotte Marie, daughter and sole heiress of Henry, first Earl Digby, in 1796. She died in 1807, and Mr. Wingfield married, in 1813, Elizabeth, daughter of William Miles, Esq., of Bisterne, Hants. He assumed the name of Baker by royal licence in 1849, and died in 1858.

[16] Lord Archibald’s father succeeded his nephew in August 1799, as
ninth Duke of Hamilton, and sixth Duke of Brandon.

[17] Thomas Chaplin, of Riseholme, Lincolnshire, second son of Charles Chaplin and Elizabeth Thornton. He married Elizabeth, Sir Godfrey Webster’s sister, and was appointed guardian to the Webster children after Sir Godfrey’s death.

[18] He did not obtain this post, but was appointed Advocate-General in
Bengal, through Lord Lansdown’s influence, in 1803.

[19] Sherborne.

[20] A yellow and white spaniel.

[21] Lord Henry Spencer.

[22] Colonel the Hon. Thomas Onslow (1755–1827), eldest son of George Lord Onslow, who was created Earl of Onslow in 1801. He sat in Parliament for Rye from 1775 to 1784, and for Guildford from 1784 till 1806. He succeeded his father as second Earl in 1814.

[23] Sir John Frederick, of Burwood Park, Surrey, fifth Baronet
(1749–1825); for some years M.P. for Surrey.

[24] Lieut.-Colonel George Montagu (1751–1815), son of James Montagu, of Lackham, Wilts, a connection of the Earls of Manchester. He served in the American war, and commanded the Wiltshire Militia for many years. He was an authority on natural history, and published an _Ornithological History of British Birds_ in 1802. His collection of birds was purchased by the British Museum.

[25] Edward Adolphus, eleventh Duke of Somerset (1775–1855) eldest son of Webb, tenth Duke of Somerset, and Anna Maria, daughter of John Bonnel, Esq., of Stanton Harcourt, Oxford. He succeeded his father in 1793, and married, first, in 1800, Charlotte, daughter of Archibald, ninth Duke of Hamilton. His wife died in 1827, after a long illness. He married, secondly, in 1836, Margaret, daughter of Sir Michael Shaw Stewart, Bart. The Duke of Somerset’s Devonshire residence was Berry Pomeroy, near Totnes.

[26] Lord Webb John Seymour, born in 1777, and died unmarried in 1819. Lord Cockburn in his _Memorials_ says, ‘His special associate was Playfair. They used to be called husband and wife, and in congeniality and affection no union could be more complete. Geology was their favourite pursuit.’

[27] John Playfair (1748–1819), Professor of Mathematics, and later of
Natural Philosophy, in the Edinburgh University.

[28] Jérôme Marie Champion de Cicé (1735–1810), appointed Archbishop of Bordeaux in 1781. He sided with the popular party, and his appointment to a post in the Ministry by Louis XVI., after Necker’s return, was well received. He was accused, however, of favouring the reactionaries, and resigned his office and Bishopric in 1790. He remained abroad until the establishment of the Consulate.

[29] Dugald Stewart (1753–1828), son of Matthew Stewart, Professor of Mathematics at Edinburgh University. He assisted his father in his later years with his mathematical classes, and in 1785 was appointed to the chair of Moral Philosophy. His lectures were eagerly attended, and many of the young men of the great Whig families were sent to Edinburgh to benefit by them. He married, first, in 1783, Helen, daughter of Neil Bannatyne, by whom he had one son. She died in 1787, and he married in 1790, Helen, daughter of Hon. George Cranstoun--the ‘Ivy’ of the letters, recently published, from John William Ward (afterwards Earl of Dudley), who had been placed under her husband’s care. She died in 1838.

[30] Sir Ralph Abercromby, his second-in-command.

[31] Alexander (1767–1852), who succeeded his father, as tenth Duke of Hamilton in 1819. The difficulty was solved by styling him Marquess of Douglas and Clydesdale.

James, sixth Duke of Hamilton (1724–58), the husband of the beautiful Elizabeth Gunning, left two sons and one daughter, Elizabeth, who married Edward, twelfth Earl of Derby. The two sons succeeded successively as seventh and eighth Dukes, and on the latter’s death in 1799 the titles reverted to Lord Archibald Hamilton’s father--the half-brother of the sixth Duke.

[32] Copley.

[33] Lord Holland’s uncle, the Hon. Henry Edward Fox (1755–1811), youngest son of Henry, first Lord Holland, and Caroline, daughter of Charles, second Duke of Richmond. He entered the army at the age of fifteen, and served in America throughout the war. On his return in 1783 he was appointed aide-de-camp to George III., and especially distinguished himself in command of an infantry brigade in Flanders (1793–95). He was appointed Lieut.-General in 1799, and received successively the appointments of General in the Mediterranean (1801), Commander-in-Chief in Ireland (1803), Lieut.-Governor of Gibraltar (1804). In 1806 he was given command of the forces in Sicily, and appointed Ambassador to the Court of Naples, but was recalled on the fall of the Ministry the following year and made Governor of Portsmouth. He married, in 1786, Marianne, daughter of William Clayton, Esq.

[34] The treaties were originally drawn up with the object of prevailing on the King of Prussia to join against the common foe. These efforts, however, failed, and England and Russia decided that a joint attack on the French in Holland was the most likely step to annoy. A second treaty was therefore concluded to this effect. After the ultimate failure of the expedition the Russians were quartered for the winter in Jersey and Guernsey.

[35] Evan Nepean (1751–1822), created a Baronet in 1802. He was Secretary to the Admiralty from 1795 until 1804, when he became Secretary of State for Ireland.

[36] General Sir Charles Grey, K.B. (1729–1807), afterwards created Earl Grey. He was at this time in command of the Southern district in England.

[37] Peter, seventh Lord King (1776–1833), eldest son of Peter, sixth Lord King, and Charlotte, daughter of Edward Tredcroft, Esq., of Horsham. He succeeded his father in 1793, and married, in 1804, Lady Hester Fortescue, daughter of Hugh, first Earl Fortescue. His eldest son was created Earl of Lovelace in 1838. He made his maiden speech in the House of Lords on the above subject two months later, but seldom took part in the debates. He became, however, a recognised authority on questions of finance and currency.

[38] Joseph Hager, born at Milan in 1757. A German by birth, he was educated at Vienna, and after obtaining a thorough knowledge of European languages turned his attention to those of the East. He wrote several books on the Chinese tongue, by which he obtained celebrity, and was appointed Professor of Oriental Languages at Pavia in 1809. When this post was abolished, he became Keeper of the Milan Library. He died in 1818.

[39] At the opening of the session, on September 24.

[40] In a series of engagements centring round Zurich Masséna forced the Russian General Korsakoff to retreat to Constance, and inflicted on him great loss. The _Annual Register_ puts the loss of the Allies, arrived at ‘by a most ingenious and accurate computation,’ from September 25 to October 9, at 15,000 men, and that of the French at 9000. Suvarroff, however, was not ‘totally defeated.’ On finding what had occurred, he decided to move his army straight across Switzerland, and after an adventurous march, complicated by continual fighting, effected a junction with Korsakoff early in October. Suvarroff retired to Russia shortly after this, and died in retirement.

[41] The castle of Aboukir had been stormed and captured on July 15 by the Turkish army under Mustapha Pasha. It fell again into the hands of the French on August 2, after eight days’ fighting.

[42] William Cusac Smith (1766–1836), eldest son of Sir Michael Smith, Bart., who died in 1808. He was called to the Irish Bar in 1788, and became a King’s Counsel seven years later. Though a follower of Burke, he sided with the Government, and was a strong supporter of their policy of the Union. He was appointed Solicitor-General in 1800, and a Baron of the Exchequer the following year.

[43] The position of the British and Russian troops in Holland had become so unsatisfactory and precarious owing to the inclemency of the weather and various other circumstances, that the Duke of York decided early in October to withdraw his advance posts and report the whole matter to the home Government. The enemy made one determined attack on the British during their retirement, but were repulsed with loss. On October 17 a truce was agreed to between the combatants, and it was arranged as a set-off to permission to the British to re-embark without molestation that 8000 of the Batavian and French seamen, prisoners in England, should be given up to the French.

[44] John Philpot Curran (1750–1817), the Irish lawyer and patriot. He was on most occasions distinguished for his wit and the brilliancy of his conversation.

[45] George Ponsonby (1755–1817), third son of John Ponsonby, and brother of William, first Lord Ponsonby. After many years in the Irish Parliament, he took his seat at Westminster in 1801, as member for Wicklow. He was appointed Lord Chancellor of Ireland in 1806, but after the fall of the Ministry returned to the House of Commons. From 1808 until his death he was recognised as the official leader of the Opposition in that House.

[46] Bonaparte left Egypt on August 24 ‘in consequence of news from Europe,’ as he stated in his general declaration to the Army. He landed at Fréjus on October 7, and at once set off for Paris.

[47] William Young was not Fielding’s tutor, but an intimate friend,
who collaborated with him in several of his works.

[48] Etienne Charles Loménie de Brienne (1727–1794), who was appointed to succeed Calonne as Finance Minister in 1787. Louis XVI. appointed him Archbishop of Sens the following year, when he had proved himself no greater success as Minister than his predecessor. He was replaced by Necker.

[49] James Scarlett (1769–1844), second son of Robert Scarlett, Esq., of Jamaica. He was called to the Bar in 1791, and became a King’s Counsel in 1816. After an unsuccessful attempt in 1812 he entered Parliament as a Whig in 1819, and was made Attorney-General by Canning in 1827. He resigned this post the following year, but considering himself ill-used by his party in 1830, joined the Tories, and was by them appointed Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer in 1834. He retained the post until the time of his death. He was created Lord Abinger in 1835. He married, first, in 1792, Louisa Henrietta, daughter of Peter Campbell, Esq., of Kilmory, co. Argyll; and secondly, in 1843, Elizabeth, daughter of Lee Steere, Esq., and widow of Rev. Henry John Ridley.

[50] Harvey Christian Combe, Lord Mayor of London for year ending
November 9, 1800.

[51] Probably William, second son of Hon. George Dalrymple, of Dalmahoy, who became a general officer and Lieut.-Governor of Chelsea Hospital. He died in 1807, and left a son who succeeded as seventh Earl of Stair.

[52] Sir Gilbert Affleck’s house, near Newmarket.

[53] See _Annual Register_ for 1800, State Papers, p. 203.

[54] _St. Leon_, a novel.

[55] Duchess of Leinster.

[56] William Gifford (1756–1826), a friend of Canning and editor of the _Anti-Jacobin or Weekly Examiner_. He was subsequently editor of the _Quarterly Review_ from its commencement in 1809 until 1824.

[57] Charles Nevison, Viscount Andover (1775–1800), eldest son of John, fifteenth Earl of Suffolk. He married, in 1796, Jane Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas William Coke, afterwards created Earl of Leicester.

[58] Lords Morpeth, Granville Leveson-Gower, Boringdon, Duke of
Bedford.

[59] Don Raymond della Massa.

[60] Hon. Charles Kinnaird (1780–1826), eldest son of George, seventh Baron Kinnaird. He succeeded his father in 1805, and married the following year Lady Olivia Fitzgerald, youngest daughter of William Robert, second Duke of Leinster. He sat in the House of Commons for Leominster from 1802 to 1805.

[61] The subject of this correspondence was a remark of Lord Kenyon in June 1799, when in dealing with a case, Host _v._ Whalley, he mentioned that General Fitzpatrick had lost 400_l._ or 500_l._ in a gaming house, which he refused to pay, and animadverted somewhat severely on his conduct. General Fitzpatrick, in his first letter, dated August 27, 1799, denied that these were the true facts. He stated his reasons for refusing to discharge his debt for the present to Mr. Martindale, an undischarged bankrupt, and informed him that he had the latter’s sanction to the course he was taking. He said he hoped, therefore, that Lord Kenyon would take an early opportunity of correcting his statement, but as he did not do so, he wrote again, on January 20, that his only course was to publish his letters. These appeared in the _True Briton_, March 5, 1800.

[62] Sir Archibald Macdonald, Chief Baron of the Exchequer.

[63] Sylvester Douglas (1743–1823), created Lord Glenbervie in 1800.

[64] Jacques Etienne Macdonald (1765–1840), one of Napoleon’s generals;
made a Marshal, and created Duke of Tarento, after Wagram.

[65] Benedetto Menzini (1646–1704), Italian poet and satirist.

[66] Louis Léon de Brancas, Duc de Lauragais (1733–1824), French
_savant_ and writer.

[67] The island was captured by the English in 1655.

[68] The Royal Institution, founded in March 1799 by Count Rumford, Sir Joseph Banks, and others. It was incorporated January 13, 1800, by royal charter.

[69] Horne Tooke opposed Fox and Sir Alan Gardner at Westminster in the election of 1796, and was returned at the bottom of the poll. He was ordained in 1760, at his father’s bidding, but did very little clerical duty. After he obtained a seat in Parliament for Old Sarum in 1801, a bill was brought in by Addington declaring the ineligibility of clergy. This was passed, but Tooke was allowed to retain his seat until the end of that Parliament.

[70] Charles François de Riffardeau, Marquis de Rivière (1763–1828). He left France with the Comte d’Artois, but returning was implicated in the Cadoudal conspiracy in 1804, and was condemned to death. The sentence was commuted by Napoleon to perpetual imprisonment, and it was not until the Restoration that he regained his liberty. He was Ambassador at Constantinople from 1816 to 1820.

[71] Sir Benjamin Hobhouse (1757–1831), son of John Hobhouse, of Bristol, and father of John Cam Hobhouse, created Lord Broughton. He sat in Parliament from 1797 until 1818, and was made a Baronet in 1812.

[72] The Duc de la Rochefoucauld was killed in 1792 by the
revolutionaries at Gisors. The Duc de Liancourt was his first cousin.

[73] Claude Carloman de Rulhière (1735–1791), a French writer, was
aide-de-camp to the Maréchal de Richelieu for some years.

[74] _His History of James II._, which was published, after his death, in 1808, with a preface by Lord Holland. Lord Brougham, in his _Statesmen of the time of George III._, says of his writings, ‘The practice of composition seems never to have been familiar to Mr. Fox.... His _History_ shows the same want of expertness in composition. The style is pure and correct, but cold and lifeless; it is even somewhat abrupt and discontinuous, so little does it flow naturally or with ease.’

[75] Rev. Francis North (1772–1861), afterwards sixth Earl of Guilford. He was eldest son of the Hon. Brownlow North and Henrietta Maria, daughter of John Bannister. His father held successively the sees of Lichfield (1771), Worcester (1774), and Winchester (1781), and died in 1820. Mr. North married, in 1798, Esther, daughter of Rev. John Harrison, who died childless in 1823. He married, secondly, in 1826, Harriet, daughter of Lieut.-General Sir Henry Warde, G.C.B. On the death of his cousin Frederick, fifth Earl of Guilford, in 1827, who never married, he succeeded to the earldom.

[76] John Courtenay (1741–1816), son of William Courtenay. He was private secretary to Lord Townshend in Ireland, and was returned by him in 1780 for Tamworth, for which place he sat until 1796. From that year until 1807 he was member for Appleby.

[77] The Royal Institution.

[78] Joseph Stock (1740–1813), appointed Bishop of Killala in 1798, and transferred to Waterford and Lismore in 1810. Lord Holland, in his _Memoirs of the Whig Party_, states that this pamphlet was supposed to have interfered with his chances of promotion.

[79] Holland House.

[80] Henry Rich (1590–1649), second son of Robert, Earl of Warwick, and his wife Penelope Rich (the ‘Stella’ of Sir Philip Sidney). A favourite with James I., he was, in 1623, created Baron Kensington, having married Isabel, daughter and heiress of Sir Walter Cope, who had built what was then called Cope Castle in 1607. There was probably a house near, if not on the same site, but this was removed in order to make way for Sir Walter’s mansion, erected from designs of John Thorpe. Rich was raised to an earldom in 1624. Lady Holland has somewhat exaggerated his intimacy with the Queen, but he certainly owed his rapid advancement at Court greatly to her favour after James’ death.

[81] Sir James Mackintosh, in a fragment of a _History of Holland House_, preserved among the MSS., says that Van Dyke lived there for about two years. He produces no authority, however, for this statement, nor is the fact referred to in any recent biography of the great painter.

[82] This picture, as well as that of his brother, Robert, Earl of Warwick, now belongs to the Hon. Mrs. Baillie Hamilton, a granddaughter of the first Marquess of Breadalbane, at Langton, Duns. Lady Mary Rich, daughter of Lord Holland, married, in 1657, Sir John Campbell, of Glenorchy, who was created Earl of Breadalbane and Holland in 1681. Lady Holland is, however, mistaken in her description of the picture. Lord Warwick is in court dress, while Lord Holland wears the leather doublet and steel breast-plate of the period.

[83] These passages are not from Clarendon. They both are quoted in Faulkner’s _History of Kensington_, published in 1820. The latter of them is there said to be taken from a journal of the time, the _Perfect Diurnal_.

[84] Henry, Earl of Holland’s elder brother, Robert, became second Earl of Warwick in 1618. On his death in 1658 the title passed in succession to his sons Robert and Charles. The latter died in 1673, and leaving no male issue the earldom passed to his cousin Robert, second Earl of Holland, who had succeeded his father in 1649. He died two years later, and both titles passed to his son Edward, who married Charlotte, daughter of Sir Thomas Middleton (afterwards wife of Addison), while his daughter married Francis Edwardes of Haverfordwest. Edward, Earl of Holland and Warwick, died in 1701, and was succeeded by his only son Edward Henry, above mentioned. On his death, unmarried, in 1721, the properties passed to William Edwardes, his first cousin, who was created Baron Kensington in 1776, while the earldoms reverted to a distant cousin, at whose death the titles became extinct.

[85] Horace Walpole, in a letter to George Montagu (May 16, 1759),
writes, ‘Unluckily, he died of brandy.’

[86] ‘In 1749 it was let on lease, at a rent of 182_l._ 16_s._ 9_d._, to Henry Fox, first Lord Holland, who bought it in 1767’ (Princess Liechtenstein’s _Holland House_).

[87] Lady Georgina Caroline Fox, created Baroness Holland in 1762, was Charles, second Duke of Richmond’s eldest daughter. She died in 1774, twenty-three days after her husband’s death.

[88] Sister of Sir Lionel Copley and of Lord Abercorn’s first wife, who died in 1791. Her second brother, Joseph, who succeeded to the baronetcy on Sir Lionel’s death in 1806, ran away with and married Lord Abercorn’s second wife.

[89] Lady Ann’s brother, who succeeded his father in 1809 as third Earl
of Arran (1761–1837).

[90] Lord Archibald Hamilton’s sister, and eldest daughter of Archibald, ninth Duke of Hamilton. The marriage took place on June 24. She died in 1827. Her youngest sister, Susan, married, in 1803, George, fifth Earl of Dunmore.

[91] Lord Auckland was Chief Secretary in Ireland under Lord Carlisle, but was included in Lord Shelburne’s Government of 1783, and went out of office with Pitt, to whom he attached himself.

[92] The treaty of El Arish was concluded in January. By it the French troops were to be allowed to return to France, without any stipulation as to their non-employment in the future. This was directly contrary to the instructions of the British Government, which only reached Sir Sidney Smith after the conclusion of the peace. The Ministers, however, on hearing that his word was pledged, assented to the Articles, but meanwhile the French victory at Heliopolis over the Turks made them disinclined to accept terms, and the fighting was renewed.

[93] Charles, Lord Whitworth (1752–1825), Minister Extraordinary at St. Petersburg from 1788 till 1800. He was raised to the peerage at Paul’s own special request, but before the news of the honour arrived the Czar had quarrelled with him and dismissed him from his dominions.

[94] Paul’s views on the European question underwent a radical change soon after Napoleon’s accession to the Consulate. He conceived a great admiration for the conqueror of Italy, and this feeling was fostered by the latter’s action in restoring him 7000 Russian soldiers, clothed in new uniforms, whom the English had refused to include in a cartel of exchange. Instead of the ally he suddenly became the active opponent of England and Austria, seized all British ships in his ports, and ordered Lord Whitworth to retire to Riga.

[95] Grey in his speech disclaimed the fact that the object of his motion was the reform of Parliament, though he owned he wished it was so. As, however, this was impracticable he wished only to try to keep Parliament in its present state.

[96] John Gale Jones (1769–1838), a Radical politician of the advanced
school, though by profession a surgeon.

[97] Fox, in a letter to Lord Holland, dated March 1798 (_Memorials and Correspondence_), says: ‘With regard to secession (that is _declared_ secession) I confess I do not like it as a measure, but I believe the Duke of Bedford does. I should dislike to a degree I cannot express to attend again myself: ... but I am so far from wishing others to do the same, that I even wish for occasions when you and others may have opportunity of attending.’ Again, on October 21, he writes: ‘The Duke of Bedford, who is here, confirms what you say of Grey’s intention to attend occasionally, and I shall not be at all sorry to find myself the sole seceder.’

[98] Lord Holland points out in the _Memoirs of the Whig Party_ that this was the first motion in the House of Lords on a subject which finally received the assent of Parliament in 1829. The motion was not directly negatived, but the debate was concluded by Lord Boringdon, who moved the previous question.

[99] A bill on this subject was brought in by Lord Auckland in April, but was dropped after passing the second reading. The same gentleman introduced a new Bill on May 16, which passed through the House of Lords, though on third reading the figures were only 77 to 69. It was also read twice in the House of Commons, but was thrown out on a motion that it should be considered in Committee. The first was to prohibit the intermarriage of the offending parties. The second contained an additional clause making the offenders liable to imprisonment and fine.

[100]

From every latent foe,
From the assassin’s blow,
God save the King!
O’er him thine arm extend,
For Britain’s sake defend
Our father, prince, and friend,
God save the King!

[101] Mr. William Fawkener, clerk to the Privy Council, and eldest son
of Sir Everard Fawkener, a London merchant.

[102] Philip, fifth Earl of Chesterfield (1755–1815), son of Arthur Stanhope, Esq., of Mansfield, Nottinghamshire, succeeded his relation and godfather, the celebrated politician and wit, in 1773. His former tutor, Dr. William Dodd (1729–1777), whom he appointed to the living of Wing, forged his name in 1777 for a bond of 4200_l._ Dodd was arrested, and notwithstanding great efforts made to save him, he suffered the supreme penalty of the law.

[103] Duke of Sussex. He had married Lady Augusta Murray secretly in
1793.

[104] He was acquitted, upon the grounds of insanity, and was ordered
to be confined for the remainder of his life.

[105] J. D. Carlyle (1759–1804), appointed Chancellor of Carlisle in
1793. He accompanied Lord Elgin’s mission to Constantinople as chaplain.

[106] Masséna was forced to capitulate on June 4, but the delay had given Bonaparte necessary time to cross the passes while Melas and his Austrians were still busily engaged at Genoa. Part of the French army of the Rhine was also liberated by Moreau’s successes over Knay, near Ulm, and French reinforcements poured into Italy by the Simplon and St. Gothard. Melas, probably unaware of the new arrivals, turned to defend himself against Bonaparte, but was signally defeated on June 14 at Marengo.

[107] Count Semen Vorontzoff was appointed Russian Ambassador in London, 1784, and remained there until 1806. He obtained permission from his Government to continue to reside there after his official connection with England had ceased, and died in 1832 at the age of eighty-nine.

[108] The Duke of Clarence used these quotations in a speech in the House of Lords on the Divorce Bill. The sermon referred to was delivered in 1795 by Samuel Horsley, Bishop of Rochester. The reason for the Duke’s reference was to oppose the arguments which the Bishop used on that occasion to his statements made on the Bill. Samuel Horsley (1733–1806) was appointed Bishop of St. David’s in 1788, was transferred to the see of Rochester in 1793, and to that of St. Asaph in 1802.

[109] Georgina Elizabeth, second daughter of George, fourth Viscount Torrington, who married Lord John Russell (afterwards sixth Duke of Bedford) in 1786, and died in 1801, leaving three sons, one of whom was the celebrated statesman, Lord John Russell. Her husband succeeded his brother in the dukedom in 1802. He was born in 1766, and married, secondly, in 1803, Georgina, daughter of Alexander, fourth Duke of Gordon. He held the post of Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, 1806–7, and died in 1839.

[110] Lady Georgina Dorothy Cavendish, eldest daughter of William, fifth Duke of Devonshire, and Georgina, daughter of John, Earl Spencer. She married Lord Morpeth in 1801, and died in 1858.

[111] Sir William Scott (1745–1836), created Lord Stowell in 1821. He practised in the Admiralty and Ecclesiastical Courts, and was appointed Judge of the Consistory Court in 1788, Master of the Faculties in 1790, and Judge of the High Court of Admiralty in 1798.

[112] Grey married, in 1794, Mary Elizabeth, only daughter of William Brabazon, first Baron Ponsonby, of Imokilly. She died in 1861. His eldest sister, Elizabeth, married Samuel Whitbread in 1789. The latter (1758–1815) was only son of Samuel Whitbread, of Southill, Beds. He was elected as member for Bedford in 1790, and sat in Parliament until his death by his own hand in 1815.

[113] Magistrate at Bow Street. He retired on a pension the following
year.

[114] Charles Abbot (1757–1829). He first entered Parliament in 1795, and was made Speaker in 1802. He retired in 1816, and was then created Baron Colchester.

The Bill was the result of a Committee appointed by Pitt in 1797, with Abbot as chairman. It was designed to put an end to the habit, prevalent in the preceding century, of persons in high office placing the public moneys to their own account and appropriating to their own use the interest which thus accrued. It was not even considered necessary to refund the capital sum at the expiration of their term of office, when the accounts were closed, and the matter was allowed to drag on, as in the Hollands’ case, until it was found convenient to pay off the whole.

The monies were outstanding from Lord Holland’s grandfather’s (Henry Fox, first Lord Holland) Paymastership. The practice was looked on as a right, though certain statesmen of the time--the Pitts and others--refused to benefit by it, and thereby obtained the praise and increased confidence of the public. The retrospective clauses were not finally included in the Bill.

[115] George O’Brien, third Earl of Egremont (1751–1837), the well-known connoisseur and patron of the fine arts, who succeeded to the title in 1763.

[116] By her grandfather Florentius Vassall’s will the property was to
be equally divided among all her sons at her death.

[117] John Lens (1756–1825), became a Serjeant-at-law in 1799, and
King’s Serjeant in 1806.

[118] On him and his share in the quarrel between Lord Carlisle and
Lord Kenyon.

[119] He was appointed Louis XV.’s doctor in 1731.

[120] Joan, daughter and co-heiress of Major-General Scott, of Balcomie, co. Fife. She was created Viscountess Canning in 1828, after her husband’s death, and died in 1837.

[121] John Millar (1735–1801). He accepted a professorship in law at Glasgow in 1761. His lectures on civil law and jurisprudence were renowned. He was strongly inclined to Whiggism, and favoured the principles of the French Revolution, though detesting the excesses which afterwards arose in that country.

[122] Mr. Fox, writing of Lord Henry in 1802, says, ‘I never did see a young man I liked half so much. Whatever disappointments Lansdown may have had in public life, and of a still more sensible kind in Lord Wycombe, he must be very unreasonable if he does not consider them all compensated in Lord Henry.’

[123] Mme. de Staël mentions Bonaparte’s visit to her father in her _Considérations sur la Révolution française_, but does not allude to having seen him herself. Bourrienne quotes Napoleon’s opinion of her: ‘I do not like women who make men of themselves, any more than I like effeminate men.... I cannot endure that woman: for one reason, that I cannot bear women who make a set at me, and God knows how often she has tried to cajole me!’

[124] Charles, third Earl Stanhope (1753–1816), an outspoken admirer of the doctrines of the French Revolution, and a social reformer of a most advanced type.

[125] Mrs. Warren Hastings, the divorced wife of Baron Imhoff. She
married Hastings in 1777.

[126] Edward Law (1750–1818), created Lord Chief Justice and Baron
Ellenborough in 1802.

[127] John, sixth Earl of Stair (1749–1821), only son of John, fifth Earl of Stair, and Miss Middleton, daughter of George Middleton, Esq. He succeeded his father in the earldom in 1789. He was Minister Plenipotentiary in Poland, 1782, and to Berlin, 1785.

[128] Sheridan’s second wife, whom he married in 1795--Esther Jane,
daughter of Newton Ogle, Dean of Winchester.

[129] A note in the _Annual Register_ for 1800, dated May 7, states that the Duke, having disposed of the materials of Bedford House, ordered a sale of the contents. A list of the most valuable of these is given.

Russell and Bloomsbury Squares, connected by Bedford Place, were erected on the site of the house and gardens. The idea of a statue of Lord Russell was not carried out, but in Russell Square a statue of the Duke himself, by Sir Richard Westmacott, erected in 1809, now stands facing Bedford Place. At the other end, in Bloomsbury Square, is a bronze one of Charles James Fox by the same sculptor.

[130] William V., the last Stadtholder, who left Holland in 1795 when the Batavian Republic was declared, and died in 1806. His son was restored as King in 1813.

[131] Henry Webster, her son.

[132] Sir Thomas Maitland (_d._ 1824) a brother of Lord Lauderdale. He was in command of the troops in this expedition, with local rank of major-general, while the naval force was under Sir Edward Pellew. The peninsula of Quiberon was attacked and forts on it captured, but nothing decisive was achieved.

[133] John William, Viscount Duncannon (1781–1847), eldest son of Frederick, third Earl of Bessborough, and Henrietta, daughter of John, Earl Spencer. He succeeded to the titles on his father’s death in 1844.

[134] Jean François Bourgoing (1748–1811), appointed Minister at
Copenhagen in 1799.

[135] As soon as Napper Tandy took refuge at Hamburg in 1798, Lord Grenville summoned the Senate to hand him over to the British representative on the charge of high treason. After some delay he was sent to England, and was tried early in 1800. He was acquitted on one charge, but was condemned to death on a second. The sentence was never carried out, and he was released in 1802. His surrender, however, cost the Senate dear, for Bonaparte fined the city four and a half million francs, for their action in handing over an individual who claimed to be a French subject.

[136] Perhaps the adventurer, James George Semple, alias Semple Lisle, the son of an exciseman, who lived an adventurous life on the Continent and in England, where he was several times sentenced to imprisonment for fraudulent transactions. It is stated in the _Dictionary of National Biography_ that the last thing known of him is in 1799, when he was still in confinement in Tothill Fields prison.

[137] Thomas Holcroft (1745–1809), the dramatist and novelist. His best play, _The Road to Ruin_, was first performed at Covent Garden in 1792. He was indicted of high treason in 1794, but was acquitted. He left England in 1799, owing to want of money, but only stayed in Hamburg a short time. He then went to Paris for two years, and died in England.

[138] Charles Maclean, writer on politics and on medical subjects. He spent the best years of his life in India in the service of the East India Company.

[139] Henriette de Sercey, Mme. de Genlis’ niece (‘_A Circe_,’ according to Miss Burney), and companion on her visit to England in 1791, married M. Mathiessen at Hamburg in 1795 or 1796.

[140] Lady Edward Fitzgerald.

[141] Prince Adolphus Frederick, Duke of Cambridge (1774–1850), and father of the late Duke of Cambridge. He was educated at Göttingen, and served in the Hanoverian army until 1804.

[142] Ahlden.

[143] The heiress was Lady Elizabeth Percy, daughter of the eleventh Earl of Northumberland. She was married at the age of eleven to the Earl of Ogle, son of the Duke of Newcastle, who died the following year. When fourteen her mother married her to Mr. Thynne, of Longleat, in order to preserve her from Königsmark, who was trying to marry her. As Thynne refused to fight a duel with a friend of Königsmark, who was put up to pick a quarrel with him, his assassination, while driving in Pall Mall, was arranged and duly carried out. In the ensuing trial Königsmark was acquitted of complicity, but had to fly the country.

[144] Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. He was born in 1735, and married, in 1764, Princess Augusta, sister of George III. He was killed at the battle of Auerstadt in 1806. Their daughter, Caroline, married George IV. The Duchess returned to England in 1807, after the death of her husband, and died in 1813.

[145] John Joshua, first Earl of Carysfort (1751–1828), only son of Sir John Proby, first Baron Carysfort. He succeeded to the title on his father’s death in 1772, and was raised to an earldom in 1789. He married, first, in 1774, Elizabeth, daughter of the Right Hon. Sir John Osborne; and, secondly, in 1787, Elizabeth, daughter of the Right Hon. George Grenville. He held the post of Minister Plenipotentiary in Berlin from 1800 until 1802.

[146] Prince Ferdinand Augustus of Prussia (1730–1813), youngest
brother of Frederick the Great.

[147] Frederick William III. married, in 1793, Louise, daughter of Duke Charles of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. She was born in 1776, and died in 1810. Frederick William, who was son of Frederick William II. and his second wife, Princess Louise of Hesse Darmstadt, became King of Prussia in 1797.

[148] Prince Henry of Prussia (1726–1802), another brother of Frederick
the Great.

[149] Hugh Elliot, British Minister in Dresden until 1803, when he was
transferred to Naples.

[150] Strict regulations were at this time in force against any voluntary visit to places in the French dominions or under the rule of the Republic. Lord Holland mentions in his _Memoirs of the Whig Party_, that to obviate this he applied for a special permit, but received no answer. As they had, however, passports from Bournonville and La Valette, the French Ministers at Berlin and Dresden, and having read a letter from Lord Grenville to Lord Carysfort saying that all would be well if they did not visit Paris, they decided to go on. This was fortunate, he says, for the Duke’s letter, which he did not receive until his return to England, gave no decided permission, while as it was they had no difficulty, on reaching Dover, in obtaining leave to land.

[151] Duchess Amalia of Saxe-Weimar, a Princess of Brunswick. She married Ernest Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Weimar, who died in 1758, and acted as guardian to her infant son, Charles Augustus, who lived until 1828.

[152] James Henry Lawrence (1773–1840), miscellaneous writer, son of Richard James Lawrence, Esq., of Jamaica. His essay on the customs of native caste in Malabar was inserted by Wieland in his _Merkur_, and he later published a romance on the same subject. In later life he asserted that he was a Knight of Malta, and called himself Sir James Lawrence.

[153] Stephen, born January 18, 1799.

[154] ‘The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, otherwise called the Imperial Parliament, was opened, by commission, on the 22nd of January, 1801.’... The King, however, did not meet Parliament till the 2nd of February (_Annual Register_).

[155] His medical attendant.

[156] William, fourth Earl Fitzwilliam (1748–1833), Lord-Lieutenant of
Ireland in 1795.

[157] The attempt to blow up Bonaparte on the way to the Opera took place on December 24, 1800. The plot was hatched by three Chouans--Limoëlan, Saint-Réjant, and Carbon. The two latter were taken and executed; but the first-named escaped to America. An extract from Lord Wycombe’s diary relating to the atrocity appears on p. 142.

[158] Hon. William Stuart (1755–1822), fifth son of Lord Bute.
Appointed Bishop of St. David’s, 1793, and Archbishop of Armagh in 1800.

[159] Hon. Mary Elizabeth Nugent, daughter of Robert, Viscount Clare (afterwards Earl Nugent). She married, in 1775, George Grenville, second son of the Right Hon. George Grenville. He succeeded his uncle as second Earl Temple in 1779, and was created Marquess of Buckingham in 1784. He was twice Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, 1782–3, 1787–9: and died in 1813. Lady Buckingham was created Baroness Nugent in 1800, with remainder to her second son, George, at whose death in 1850 the title became extinct.

[160] Charles, afterwards second and last Marquess Cornwallis
(1774–1823).

[161] John Fitzgibbon, appointed Lord Chancellor of Ireland in 1789, and raised to an earldom in 1795, as Earl of Clare. He married, in 1786, Anne, daughter of Richard Whaley, Esq.

[162] This of course was not the case. The King recovered sufficiently
to permit of the necessary arrangements being made.

[163] Lord St. Vincent became First Lord of the Admiralty in
Addington’s Government, giving up the Channel Fleet.

[164] Admiral the Hon. William Cornwallis (1744–1819), Marquess Cornwallis’ brother, when proceeding as commander-in-chief to the West Indies in 1796, put back owing to damage to his ship. He was ordered to start again at once in a small frigate, but declined to do so on the grounds of health. For this he was brought to a Court martial, but though practically acquitted, he resigned his command.

[165] Margaret Georgina, eldest daughter of the Right Hon. Stephen
Poyntz. She married John, first Earl Spencer, in 1755, and died in 1814.

[166] This is not true. E.V.H., November 1801.

[167] Grey’s wife was George Ponsonby’s niece. Ponsonby was the leader
of the Whigs in the House of Commons from 1808 till 1817.

[168] Sir Walter Farquhar (1738–1819), the well-known doctor: physician
in ordinary to the Prince of Wales, and created a Baronet in 1796.

[169] _Deaf and Dumb_, first acted on February 24. It was a free
translation of a play of Kotzebue.

[170] See _ante_, ii. 74. The general impression in the minds of Fox’s followers all through this vexed question of secession appears to have been that those who did attend, and especially Tierney, were not really anxious for Fox’s return to active political life, and preferred to make the most of their own opportunities. Hence the somewhat biassed feelings with which Lady Holland approaches the subject. Fox himself was perfectly ready and willing that anyone should attend who wished to do so, but there was an uneasy feeling which rankled in the hearts of his friends, that interested and insidious motives underlay the professions of goodwill towards him in certain quarters.

[171] The letter is printed in the _Memorials and Correspondence of C. J. Fox_, iii. 189. In it he states that he thinks he will go to town no more that year. If he can be of service to the public or the party he would do so, but he can see no chance of doing any good.

[172] This was a second protest against the Bill. Lord Clare moved on March 31 to have it expunged, and carried his point by ninety-two votes to twenty. The first protest remains on the Journals. It was signed by the same four Lords, and in addition by Lord Ponsonby.

[173] The attempt to blow up Bonaparte on December 24 (3 Nivôse) 1800,
referred to previously, ii. 127.

[174] The first performance in Paris of Haydn’s _Creation_.

[175] Fouché.

[176] Horne Tooke stood against Charles Fox for Westminster in 1790 and in 1796, but was each time rejected by a large majority. Fox, however, strongly opposed the Bill, aimed at Horne Tooke, forbidding clergymen to sit in Parliament.

[177] Lord Grenville refused to continue to support the Government, because of the utterly inadequate terms on which he considered peace had been obtained, and wrote to Addington, on October 14, informing him of his reasons.

[178] Lady Holland’s old friend Thomas Pelham, now Lord Pelham. His
father was created Earl of Chichester in June 1801.

[179] Afterwards fourth Lord Holland. He was born on March 7, 1802.

[180] Hugues Bernard Maret (1763–1839), created Duc de Bassano in 1809. Appointed Secretary of State, after the _coup d’état_ of 18 Brumaire, he succeeded Bourrienne as the Emperor’s secretary in 1804. Minister for Foreign Affairs in 1811.

[181] The horses, which were taken from Venice in 1797 and were
restored in 1815, stood on the triumphal arch in the Carrousel.

[182] General Fitzpatrick.

[183] Lord Robert Spencer.

[184] Hon. Frederick Ponsonby (1785–1837), second son of Frederick, third Earl of Bessborough. He became a Major-General and K.C.B., and was Governor of Malta from 1826 till 1835. He married, in 1825, Emily, daughter of the third Earl Bathurst.

[185] John Bernard Trotter (1775–1818), who accompanied Fox to assist him in transcribing certain material for his _History of the Reign of James II._ He became his private secretary in 1806, and published _Memoirs_ of the later years of his chief’s life in 1811, including an account of this visit to Paris.

[186] Washington George Louis, Marquis de la Fayette (1779–1849), Washington’s godson, and a French deputy. La Fayette’s son-in-law, De Lasteyrie, had finally to leave the army on account of the treatment he received.

[187] Antoine François, Count Andréossy (1761–1828), grandson of the maker of the Languedoc Canal. He was appointed Ambassador to England early in 1802, but left upon the recommencement of war. He was successively Ambassador at Vienna (1809), and at Constantinople (1812).

[188] Charles Ambroise de Caffarelli (1758–1826), born at Falga. Originally a priest, he left the Church on the outbreak of the Revolution, and after suffering imprisonment held several posts under Napoleon. After the Restoration he again took up his ecclesiastical duties. His brother, Louis, was a distinguished general, and had already lost a leg when he joined the Egyptian expedition.

[189] Cyrus-Marie de Timburne-Timbronne, Comte de Valence (1757–1822). He served under Dumouriez, but did not desert the French cause for the Austrian. He sent in his resignation, however, shortly after, and came to England. He returned to France after 18 Brumaire, and commanded a division in Spain and Russia. He married a daughter of Madame de Genlis.

[190] Amédée-Bretagne-Malo de Durfort, Duc de Duras (1771–1838). He was attached to the suite of Louis XVIII. when in exile, but returned to France during the Consulate. He married Claire de Kersaint (1779–1828), the well-known writer and friend of Chateaubriand.

[191] Trophime Gérard, Comte de Lally-Tollendal (1751–1830), the legitimate son of Lally, of Indian fame, and Félicité Crafton. At the outbreak of the Revolution he sided with the Third Estate, but disgusted with excesses he went over to the Court party and was obliged to fly to England. He returned to France after 18 Brumaire, and was made a peer by Louis XVIII.