Chapter XVIII: Section 4: "The President by and with the advice and consent of the (5)

Livingston, William, N. J., attends convention, i., 96;
appointed on grand committee, ii., 193;
Pierce's sketch of, 209, n.;
delivers report on state debts and militia, 209;
on committee on navigation acts, 225;
submits report on slave importation and navigation acts, 240;
on committee on sumptuary legislation, 366.

M

Madison, James, Va., attends convention, i., 2;
moves question of representation in legislature, 36;
Pierce's sketch of, 36, n.;
favors proportional representation, 36, 38, 253;
favors election to House by popular vote, 41, 86;
opposes district elections to Senate, 44;
opposes defining powers of national legislature, 47;
opposes use of force against recalcitrant states, 47;
moves consideration of powers of executive, 52;
opposes removability of executive on motion of state legislatures,
63;
favors qualified negative of executive on legislation, 71;
favors inclusion of judiciary with executive in negative on
legislation, 75, 91;
opposes appointment
of judges by legislature, 77, 131;
favors ratification of constitution by popular vote, 80, ii., 36;
favors creation of inferior judicial tribunals, i., 83;
opposes elections to Senate by state legislatures, 99;
favors a small Senate elected by the people, 96;
favors negative by national legislature of state laws, 102, 106,
373;
favors three years' term for Representatives, 124;
favors national compensation of members of national legislature,
125, 212;
favors seven years' term for Senators, 128;
moves to define jurisdiction of judiciary, 130;
thinks Senate should have power to originate money bills, 133;
opposes Jersey plan, 167;
thinks national government in danger from state governments, 202;
opposes annual elections of Representatives, 208;
favors compensation of Representatives by fixed standard, 211;
favors ineligibility of Representatives to other offices, 218;
favors partial ineligibility of Representatives to other offices,
221;
moves debate on mode of voting in Senate, 235;
sets forth objects of Senate, 238;
opposes compensation of Senators by state legislatures, 345;
opposes equal state representation, 264, 276, 357, 363;
would preserve state rights, 282;
opposes compromise committee on representation in Senate, 292, 296;
thinks question of representation vital, 315;
suggests representation by free population in House and by free and
slaves in Senate, 321;
moves increase in representation of all states, 325;
thinks basis of representation should be fixed, 335;
favors census at least every fifteen years, 340;
favors adjustment of taxation to representation, 348;
favors independence of executive, 380;
thinks tendency is to give executive too little power, 382;
favors appointment of judges by executive and one-third of Senate,
385;
moves appointment of judges by executive and two-thirds of Senate,
387;
objects to power to increase judges' salaries, 388;
favors continuance of old Congress to prevent interregnum, 390;
favors national guaranty against domestic violence, 391;
favors election of executive by the people, ii., 6;
favors varying ratio for electors to choose executive, 10;
favors impeachability of executive, 12;
seconds motion to include judiciary in revisionary power, 18, 22;
moves appointment of judges by executive and Senate, 26;
is willing to allow a majority of Senate to reject appointment of
judges, 28;
speaks on mode of election of executive, 49;
thinks each voter may vote for two persons for executive, 54;
thinks persons indebted to government should be excluded from
legislature, 60;
moves that property qualification be not confined to landed
property, 62;
opposes mutual negative of each branch of legislature over acts of
the other, 92;
suggests that time of meeting of legislature be not fixed in
constitution, 92, 93;
favors fixing time of meeting of legislature provisionally, 94;
favors changing time of meeting of legislature from December to May,
95;
favors power of suffrage by freeholders, 99;
views on suffrage, 100, n.;
favors requiring Representatives to be inhabitants of their states,
107;
opposes proposition that Representatives be required to reside seven
years in their states, 108;
objects to fixed ratio of Representatives to inhabitants, 111;
moves representation of not more than 1 to 40,000 inhabitants, 136;
opposed to originating money bills in House, 116;
moves that vacancies in Senate must happen by refusals,
resignations, etc., 117;
thinks provision as to money bills valueless to large states, 118;
opposes fourteen years' citizenship as necessary for Senators, 121;
opposes leaving time and mode of electing Representatives wholly to
state legislatures, 126;
writes to Jefferson on progress of the convention, 126, n.;
thinks property qualification for members of government should be
fixed in constitution, 130, 131;
moves that expulsion from legislature be by two-thirds vote, 135;
moves legislature have power to compel attendance, 135;
moves that Senate shall publish its legislative journal, 137;
insists upon central location for capital, 139;
thinks legislature should not have power to change place of meeting,
138;
writes to his father, 142, n.;
thinks citizenship and inhabitancy alone necessary for
Representatives, 144;
thinks government responsible for what states have done, 146;
thinks Senate may decrease money bills, 152;
thinks constitution should regulate compensation of legislature,
167;
moves that laws be revised by executive and judiciary, 172;
thinks power to tax exports desirable, 176;
opposes power to emit bills of credit, 181;
thinks punishment of piracies, etc., ought not to be fixed by
legislature, 184;
moves that legislature define piracies, etc., 185;
moves that rebellion to be suppressed be against government, 187;
moves to give legislature power to declare war, 188;
submits power over public lands, Indians, seat of government,
charters, copyrights, university, forts, 189;
favors national control of militia, 197;
moves power to create offices in legislature, 203;
thinks treason should be broadly defined, 203, 204;
thinks treason may be against nation and a state, 205;
thinks treason should not be twice punishable, 207;
thinks present representation temporary, 211;
favors power to tax exports, 215;
favors taxation of exports by two-thirds legislature, 217;
on committee on navigation acts, 226;
thinks new government should have power to fulfil engagements of old
government, 229;
explains provisions as to militia, 230;
favors national control of militia, 232;
proposes states appoint militia officers under rank of general, 233;
thinks disunion the greatest danger, 234;
moves to commit question of negative of state laws, 236;
moves to include President in treaty-making power, 238;
suggests inconvenience of legal ratification of treaties, 238;
suggests varying participation of legislature in different treaties,
240;
thinks larger states should have larger vote in election of
executive, 244;
moves extension of appointing power of executive, 246;
opposes slave-trade extension, 250;
opposes admitting property in men in constitution, 252;
moves that treaties be supreme law, 252;
thinks president of Senate should not be in executive succession,
256;
moves amendment to oath of executive, 256;
favors fixed salaries for judges, 258;
proposes salaries of judges be not changed for three years, 258;
moves judiciary have jurisdiction over cases in which U. S. is a
party, 259;
thinks judicial power should not extend to all cases under
constitution, 259;
moves verbal change in judiciary clause, 260;
thinks states should not have power to interfere in private
contracts, 263;
thinks retrospective laws are prohibited, 263;
moves states be forbidden to pass embargoes, 264;
moves to forbid states to lay imposts, 264, 265;
objects to imposts by states, 266;
favors committing clause on state acts, 267;
thinks commercial regulations not injurious to south, 272;
thinks western states entitled to an equality with others, 274;
opposes guaranty of public lands, 281;
thinks constitution may go into operation without a majority in
favor, 284;
moves ratification by seven states and thirty-three Representatives,
285;
thinks ratification conventions necessary, 286;
thinks it inconvenient if vessels must enter and clear at their own
ports, 291;
on committee of August 31, 292;
offers amendment strengthening interstate validity of state acts,
293;
fears election of President will be thrown on Senate, 300;
doubts if legislature should judge of privileges of its members,
304;
thinks legislature should not participate in electing President,
309;
proposes that election of President may be by one-third of whole
number of electors, 310;
moves that electors not voting be not counted, 311;
moves that two-thirds Senate be present when voting for President,
318;
shows President may be elected by two states, 319;
moves that election of President by legislature when Vice-president
also dies be temporary, 323;
seconds motion that no state vote for President in legislature by
less than three Representatives, 325;
thinks some cure required to prevent minority in legislature
electing President, 325;
proposes treaties of peace be by majority of Senate, 330;
proposes two-thirds Senate make treaties of peace without President,
330;
favors executive council, 332;
thinks treaties have been too easily made in past, 334;
moves quorum of Senate be two-thirds, 406;
thinks impeachment of President should not be on vague grounds, 335;
moves supreme court try President, 335;
seconds motion to increase representation, 339;
thinks clause relative to amendments should be reconsidered, 340,
341;
favors three-quarter vote to override President's negative, 363;
favors state export duties, 365;
thinks supreme court can negative state laws, 365;
moves verbal amendment to clause relative to negative of bills, 368;
moves words "by lot" be struck out for classifying Senators, 369;
thinks President ought not to be suspended when impeached, 370;
favors national charters where states are incompetent, 372;
moves power to establish university, 374;
favors limiting standing army, 374;
moves public accounts be published from time to time, 376;
writes to J. Q. Adams, 378, n.;
favors national control of commercial regulations, 380;
thinks Senate may participate in pardons for treason, 382;
thinks superior officers may make appointments, 383;
thinks legislature may propose amendments, 385;
opposes special provisos in constitution, 386.

Madison, Rev. James, of William and Mary, writes to James Madison on
prospects of convention, ii., 75, n.

Manufactures, encouragement of, by imposts, debate on. ii., 264, 265;
regulation of, debated, 265.

Marque and reprisal, letters of, power to grant, proposed, iv., 366.

Martin, Alexander, N. C., attends convention, i., 2;
insists upon equal power of states, 188;
favors elections of Representatives regulated by state legislatures,
204;
favors ineligibility of Representatives to other offices, 218;
Pierce's sketch of, 218, n.;
on compromise committee on representation, 292;
moves increase in representation of North Carolina, 325;
opposes fixing national capital at same place with a state capital,
ii., 66;
seconds motion for commercial regulations, 269.

Martin, Luther, Md., attends convention, i., 107;
opposes oath from state officers to national government, 123;
Pierce's sketch of, 189;
opposes legislature of two branches, 195;
wishes to preserve state governments, 248, 250;
insists on state sovereignty, 268, 287;
favors two confederacies if states cannot have equal vote in Senate,
356;
opposes national negative on state laws, 373;
moves that national laws be binding on state judiciary, 374;
favors election of executive by electors chosen by state
legislatures, 378;
moves to consider question of re-eligibility of executive, 383;
favors appointment of judges by Senate, 384;
opposes creation of inferior judicial tribunals, 384;
opposes power in national government to suppress rebellion in
states, 391;
moves ineligibility of executive to re-election, 8, 42;
opposes inclusion of judiciary in revisionary power, 21;
opposes voting in Senate per capita, 38;
favors disqualification from legislature of debtors to government,
64;
moves eleven years' term for executive, 43;
favors state compensation of Senate, 169;
asks definition of "duties" and "imposts," 176;
opposes power to subdue rebellion in a state without its consent,
186;
favors provision against large army in time of peace, 195;
moves treason be punishable on confession, 208;
proposes direct taxation by quotas from states, 212;
moves that states be permitted to tax migration of slaves, 218;
on committee on navigation acts, 225;
favors state control of militia, 232;
moves clause to prevent discrimination in ports of entry, 252;
moves to restrict executive power of pardoning, 255;
withdraws motion, 255;
opposes requiring large states to consent to forming new states,
275;
opposes admission of new states by two-thirds vote, 275;
favors committing motion to require consent of states to
dismemberment, 277;
thinks new states should be formed without consent of old states,
279;
moves that land claims be examined by supreme court, 282;
moves guaranty of domestic tranquillity on state executive's
application, 283;
insists upon ratification by state legislatures, 289;
thinks the people will not vote for constitution, 289.

Mason, George, Va., attends convention, i., 2;
objects to report of committee on rules, 6;
Pierce's sketch of, 6, n.;
thinks government should operate on individuals, 34;
favors seven years' term for executive, 54;
favors election of executive by the people, 55;
opposes subordinating executive to legislature, 63;
opposes single executive, 72;
favors election of Representatives by the people, 86, 205;
favors separation of purse from sword, 93;
favors election of Senators by state legislatures, 100;
favors provision for amendments to constitution, 122;
favors national compensation of Representatives, 126;
favors two branches of legislature, 192;
favors biennial elections of Representatives, 208;
moves that Representatives be at least twenty-five years of age,
213;
favors ineligibility of Representatives to other offices, 215, 222;
opposes ineligibility of Representatives to other offices, 218;
favors representation in Senate by states, 235;
favors property qualification for Senate, 246;
on compromise committee on representation, 292;
supports report of compromise committee on representation, 302;
moves to refer question of voting in Senate to committee, 308;
thinks money bills should originate in House, 309, ii., 115, 118;
favors an increase in representation, i., 326;
favors representation based on population, 329;
thinks slaves should have proportion in representation, 332;
thinks legislature ought not to fix representation, 334;
thinks constitution ought to fix representation, 338;
thinks taxation should be according to representation, 344;
opposed to direct taxation proportioned to number of
Representatives, 349;
opposes election of executive by the people, 377;
opposes election of executive to serve during good behavior, 381;
opposes appointment of judges by executive, 384, ii., 28;
favors institution of inferior judicial tribunals, i., 389;
favors guaranty of republican government to the states, 391;
favors impeachability of executive, ii., 11;
favors inclusion of judiciary in revisionary power, 19, 23;
thinks constitution should be ratified by the people, 31;
opposes three Senators from each State, 38;
favors election by legislature of executive for not more than six
years in twelve, 52;
moves seven years' term and ineligibility for executive, 59;
proposes property qualification for legislature, 59;
moves to exclude from legislature debtors to United States, 59;
moves that national capital be not at a state capital, 66;
withdraws the motion, 67;
doubts propriety of mutual negative of each branch of legislature on
the other, 91, 92;
thinks time of meeting of legislature should not be fixed by
constitution, 94;
thinks suffrage question should be left to the states, 97;
favors free general suffrage, 98;
thinks seven years' citizenship should be required of
Representatives, 107;
moves that Representatives be required to be inhabitants of their
states for one year, 109;
favors postponing question of voting in Senate, 118;
favors postponing question of originating money bills, 120;
thinks aliens should not be in legislature, 121;
thinks quorum in legislature should be a majority, 133;
approves expulsion from legislature by two-thirds vote, 135;
thinks yeas and nays should be required, 136;
thinks publication of journal of legislature necessary, 138;
thinks government not bound by state laws on naturalization, 149;
thinks first money bills should originate in House, 149;
moves to allow members of legislature to hold any office, 159;
thinks Representatives should be independent of state legislatures,
168;
thinks revenue bills should originate in House, 170;
thinks Senate may alienate territory, 171;
moves that no tax be laid on exports, 179;
favors power to emit bills of credit, 181, 183;
favors appointment of treasurer by legislature, 184;
thinks punishment may be fixed in cases of piracy, etc., 184;
opposes giving power of war to executive, 188;
thinks general government should regulate militia, 190;
thinks funds may be diverted in time of war, 191;
appointed on grand committee, 193;
favors partial national control of militia, 195, 196;
favors power to make sumptuary laws, 202;
thinks treason may be against a state, 205;
thinks treason should be defined, 208;
calls up amendment as to money bills, 211;
thinks states should retain power over exports, 216;
denounces slavery and slave trade, 219;
asks how legislature can negative state laws, 231;
objects to compelling settlement of old debts, 347;
opposes naming slave-importing states, 250;
thinks tax on importation of men necessary, 252;
on committee of August 25, 254;
moves amendment to executive's oath, 256;
thinks judges' salaries should be fixed, 258;
thinks states may interfere in private contracts, 263;
thinks states may lay embargoes, 264;
thinks states may wish to encourage industries by imposts, 265;
thinks two-thirds vote necessary for commercial regulations, 271;
thinks western people should be treated with equality, 274;
thinks nine states may ratify constitution, 288;
declares he will not sign constitution, 289;
approves amendment relative to interstate validity of state acts,
293;
thinks members of legislature should not hold other offices, 296;
thinks President will usually be chosen by Senate, 301;
thinks election of President by electors objectionable, 308;
thinks President may be elected by minority, 309;
moves that Senate choose President from three highest candidates,
311;
thinks system of electors autocratic, 312;
prefers eventual election of President by House of Representatives,
318;
approves increasing number for quorum to elect President, 319;
thinks Vice-President will encroach on Senate's rights, 326;
favors an executive council, 331;
moves to extend reasons for impeaching President, 335;
moves to postpone motion for second convention, 347;
thinks two-thirds vote may override President's negative, 362;
thinks bill of rights necessary, 364;
moves states may levy export duties, 364;
moves clause for sumptuary laws, 366;
on committee on sumptuary legislation, 366;
favors state tax on exports, 367;
moves publication of all proceedings of House, 370;
favors power to cut canals, 373;
opposed to standing armies, 374;
moves to strike out prohibition of _ex post facto_ laws, 375;
moves verbal amendment to capitation tax clause, 375;
moves annual publication of expenditures, 376;
thinks states may lay tonnage dues, 380;
thinks President should not have power to pardon for treason, 382;
thinks legislature should have pardoning power for treason, 382;
disapproves provision for amendments, 385;
objects to navigation acts by majority, 387;
announces he cannot sign constitution, 387;
refuses to sign, 398.

McClurg, James, Va., attends convention, i., 2;
moves that term of executive be for good behavior, 379;
insists upon necessity for independence of executive, 382;
Pierce's sketch of, ii., 16, n.;
suggests ascertaining how executive is to act, 16;
writes to Madison, 75, n., 91, n., 236, n., 340. n.

McHenry, James, Md., attends convention, i., 5;
Pierce's sketch of, ii., 167, n.;
appointed on grand committee, 193;
thinks direct taxation should be by quotas from states, 213;
thinks embargo power embraced in war power, 215;
moves prohibition of _ex post facto_ laws or bills of attainder,
227;
proposes plan for choosing ports of entry, 253;
moves judges receive fixed salaries, 258;
thinks Maryland must ratify according to her law, 287;
thinks vessels will take officers as security of entry dues, 291;
moves President have power to convene either house of legislature,
338;
moves states may lay tonnage dues, 380.

Mercer, John Francis, Md., attends convention, ii., 75;
opposes election of Representatives by the people, 105;
opposes whole plan of constitution, 106;
thinks the people ought to be guided in their voting, 107;
suggests that candidates for Representatives be nominated by state
legislatures, 107;
opposes requirement of seven years' residence of Representatives in
their states, 108, 109;
thinks Senate should have power to originate money bills, 115;
thinks less than a majority should be quorum of legislature, 132;
seconds motion to fix quorum at few, 134;
thinks Senate should have only legislative power, 137;
thinks two houses will not agree on place of meeting, 140;
thinks provisions as to citizenship should not apply to those now
citizens, 145;
thinks government bound by state laws on naturalization, 148;
thinks aristocracies will arise, 160;
fears good men will not serve in legislature, 165;
thinks Senate ought not to make treaties, 171;
thinks judiciary should not be included in revisionary power, 172;
opposes taxing exports, 182;
declares himself friendly to paper money, 182;
favors appointment of treasurer by executive, 184;
favors defining of piracies, felonies, etc., 185;
opposes power to subdue rebellion without request of state
legislature, 186.

Mifflin, Thomas, Pa., attends convention, i., 5;
seconds motion that acceptance of other office shall vacate seat in
legislature, ii., 159;
Pierce's sketch of, 159, n.

Militia, power of regulating, debated, ii., 191, 195;
report on, command of, debated, 255.
_See_ Legislature, national, power of.

Money bills, originating of.
_See_ Legislature, national, money bills, House of Representatives,
Senate.

Monroe, James, to Jefferson, on prospects of the convention, ii.,
56. n.

Morris, Gouverneur, Pa., attends convention, i., 1;
offers address from citizens of Rhode Island, 8;
Pierce's sketch of, 8, n.;
objects to committee on minutes, 13;
moves question of federal or national government, 32;
explains difference between federal and national government, 34;
favors compromise committee on question of representation, 287;
favors election of Senators for life, 287;
opposes report of compromise committee on representation, 298;
thinks representation should be according to wealth, 303, 319;
thinks representation should not be definitely fixed, 304, 334;
on committee on representation question, 307;
favors originating money bills in both houses, 309, 310;
opposes equal representation of small states, 316;
submits report on representation in House, 318;
favors referring question of representation to committee, 320;
moves consideration of question of fixing representation, 320;
favors property and population as basis of representation, 324;
thinks southern states sufficiently represented, 324;
objects to requiring legislature to take census, 328;
fears preponderance of western states, 328;
opposes inclusion of slaves in basis of representation, 332, 340,
350;
moves that taxation be according to representation, 341, 342, 348;
thinks legislature should adjust basis of representation, 343;
moves reconsideration of question of representation in Senate, 370;
opposes taxation by quotas, 371;
opposes forbidding national government to interfere with state
police, 371;
favors power in legislature where harmony would be disturbed by
state legislation, 372;
opposes negative of state laws by legislature, 372, 374;
thinks judiciary will have power to set aside laws, 374;
favors election of executive by the people, 375, 376;
opposes ineligibility of executive, 379;
favors election of executive during good behavior, 379;
disclaims friendliness to monarchy, 382;
favors appointment of judges by executive, 384;
thinks impeachment trials should not be before the judges, 385;
favors appointment of judges by executive with consent of Senate,
387;
favors power to increase judges' salaries, 387, 389;
favors institution of inferior judicial tribunals, 389;
opposes continuance of old Congress, 390;
opposes guaranteeing existing laws to the states, 390;
favors a vigorous executive, ii., 1;
favors re-eligibility of executive, 3, 58;
favors short term for executive, 9;
thinks executive ought not to be impeachable, 11;
admits executive ought to be impeachable in some cases, 12, 15;
moves that electors for executive be not officials, 15;
thinks revisionary power requires more than the executive, 20;
thinks judiciary and executive may exercise revisionary power
jointly, 24;
favors appointment of judges by executive, 27;
favors ratification of constitution by the people, 35;
moves that voting in Senate be per capita, 37;
moves ratification of constitution by a general convention, 37;
moves that there be three Senators from each state, 37;
opposes election of executive by members of national legislature
chosen by lot, 44;
opposes election of executive by national legislature, 45;
opposes apportionment of direct taxation by representation, 47;
favors election of executive by the people, 53;
thinks each voter for executive may vote for two persons, 54;
opposes property qualification for members of legislature, 60;
thinks debtors of government need not be excluded from legislature,
60, 65;
seconds motion to strike out "landed" property as requirement in
executive, 63;
opposes prohibiting national capital at state capital, 66;
moves to restrict mutual negative of each branch of legislature on
the other to legislative acts, 91;
thinks treaties are not laws, 92;
moves to strike out provision for time of meeting of legislature,
93;
moves to change time of meeting of legislature from December to May,
94;
favors absolute negative in executive on legislature, 95;
moves restriction of suffrage to freeholders, 96;
thinks suffrage should be fixed by legislature, 96;
thinks general suffrage will produce aristocracy, 98;
favors seven years' citizenship for representatives, 127;
opposes requirement that Representatives
be residents of their states, 108;
moves that representation be by free population, 112;
opposes slavery and the slave trade, 112;
thinks Senate should have right to originate money bills, 115, 152;
agrees that vacancies in Senate must be by refusals, resignations,
etc., 117;
favors equal vote in Senate, 119;
moves fourteen years' citizenship for Senators, 120;
opposes admission of aliens into government, 123;
moves that state legislatures fix time and mode of electing
Representatives, 126;
opposes leaving time and mode of electing Representatives
exclusively to state legislatures, 128;
moves to strike out property qualification, 131;
moves to fix quorum at few, 133;
thinks any member may call for yeas and nays, 135;
thinks majority may expel from legislature, 135;
thinks citizenship requirements ought not to apply to those already
citizens, 145, 147;
thinks members of legislature may hold some other offices, 162, 166;
thinks members of legislature may serve in army and navy, 166;
favors national compensation of legislature, 167;
thinks revenue bills need not be confined to House, 171;
thinks some check on legislative acts necessary, 173;
moves that executive power of negative extend to resolutions, 176;
thinks exports may be taxed, 178, 179;
opposes power to emit bills of credit, 181;
thinks legislature should punish counterfeiting, 184;
moves that legislature punish piracies, etc., 185;
thinks legislature should designate piracies, etc., 186;
thinks legislature should have power to subdue rebellions, 186;
opposes inclusion of executive in power to subdue rebellions in
states, 186;
thinks power to subdue rebellions necessary, 187;
submits propositions for committee of the whole, 200;
opposes power to make sumptuary laws, 202;
thinks treason should be defined, 203, 204;
moves British statute for treason, 205;
thinks treason should not be twice punishable, 207;
thinks debts should be adjusted with taxation, 210;
favors power to tax exports, 214;
moves slave-trade question be committed, 224;
thinks prohibition of _ex post facto_ laws unnecessary, 227;
favors prohibiting bills of attainder, 227;
moves new government discharge engagements of old government, 229;
moves that Senate shall not have power of appointment, 235;
moves that power to enforce treaties be not specified, 285;
moves clause giving power over militia, 235;
thinks national appointment of state executives should be
committed, 237;
doubts if treaties should be referred to Senate, 238;
suggests that treaties will be negotiated in this country, 239;
opposes election of executive by legislature, 244;
moves election of executive by electors, 245;
moves executive be required to make recommendations to legislature,
246;
objects to state power to appoint federal officers, 247;
thinks debts of old government should be paid by new government,
249;
moves that slave-importing states be named, 250;
withdraws motion, 251;
thinks freemen may be taxed, 252;
seconds motion to make treaties supreme law, 252;
moves that executive have power to correspond with states, 254;
moves chief justice succeed as executive, 255;
objects to removability of judges upon legislature's application,
257;
moves judicial power extend to cases in which U. S. is party, 259;
asks what is appellate power of judiciary, 259;
moves verbal change in judiciary clause, 259;
opposes power to suspend habeas corpus except in emergency, 261;
opposed to forbidding states to interfere in private contracts,
263;
thinks prohibiting embargoes by states unnecessary, 264;
thinks states should not tax exports, 266;
favors commercial regulations, 270;
moves interstate validity of acts of states, 268;
opposes admission of western states on an equality, 275;
does not wish power to pass to western states, 275;
proposes method of admitting new states, 275;
opposes admission of new states by two-thirds vote, 275;
thinks states must consent to division, 277;
thinks question of new states is one of jurisdiction rather than
limits, 279;
moves that legislature control public lands, 282;
thinks supreme court has jurisdiction in land cases, 282;
thinks legislatures may call convention to amend constitution, 283;
approves motion prohibiting religious test for office, 283;
thinks contiguous states must ratify, 284;
thinks states may choose method of ratification, 286;
moves Congress be not required to approve constitution, 288;
favors a second convention, 351;
on committee of August 31, 292;
moves amendment on the subject of interstate validity of state
acts, 293;
favors national bankruptcy laws, 294;
thinks members of legislature may hold other offices, 295;
fears election of President will devolve on Senate, 301;
defends system of electors, 301, 314;
thinks election of President should be free from cabal, 302;
prefers eventual election of President by Senate to whole
legislature, 303;
thinks each House should be judge of privileges of its own members,
304;
moves postponement of clause relative to revenue bills, 306;
seconds motion to require state legislature's consent to national
purchase of forts, etc., 306;
does not think Senate will elect President, 309;
favors separate provision for re-election of President, 313, 318;
thinks Vice-President will not be in accord with President, 326;
thinks President must concur in treaties of peace, 330;
thinks executive council unnecessary, 331;
opposes special provision for treaties of peace, 333;
thinks whole legislature should participate in treaties of peace,
334;
objects to two-thirds of Senate being a quorum, 335;
favors impeachment for maladministration, 335;
thinks Senate should try impeachments, 336, 337;
on committee on style and arrangement, 338;
favors three-quarters vote to override President's negative, 361;
points out danger from unstable laws, 362;
favors state power to collect export duties, 365;
explains words "direct taxes" in report, 367;
approves verbal amendment on negative of bills, 368;
moves suspension from office of persons impeached, 370;
thinks legislature may appoint treasurer, 371;
moves offences against law of nations be definable, 372;
thinks government can establish university, 374;
opposes provision against standing army, 374;
thinks publication of expenditures impossible, 376;
thinks states may lay tonnage dues, 380;
opposes power of legislature to pardon for treason, 382;
moves executive and others have power of appointment, 383;
moves amendments by general convention, 385;
moves states have equal suffrage in Senate, 386;
announces he will sign constitution, 393.

Morris, Robert, Pa., attends convention, i., 1;
Pierce's sketch of, 2, n.;
moves Washington's election as president of convention, 3;
thinks Senate should be chosen by the people, 95;
favors life term for Senators, 236.

N

National government of three branches agreed to, i., 35.

"National" in Virginia plan, word struck out, i., 190.

Naturalized citizens, rights of debated, ii., 145.

Navigation acts, question of, committed, ii., 225;
postponed, 253;
agreed to, 273;
considered, 291;
debated, 380, 386.

Navy, provision for, debated, ii., 194.

Negative on legislative acts.
_See_ Executive, national, negative of;
Judiciary, national, supreme, negative of.

Negative on state laws.
_See_ Legislature, national, negative of.

New Hampshire, moved that governor of, be requested to send delegates,
i., 272;
representation of, 322, 324;
delegates from, attend convention, ii., 29.

New Jersey plan.
_See_ Jersey plan.

Nightingale, Jos., signs address from Rhode Island, i., 11, n.

North Carolina, representation of, i., 325, ii., 378.

O

Oath to support national government from state officers, debated,
i., 79, 122, 123, 137, ii., 30;
to support constitution, affirmation permitted, 284.

Olney, Jeremiah, signs address from Rhode Island, i., 11, n.

P

Pardons and reprieves.
_See_ Executive, national, power of.

Patents and copyrights.
_See_ Legislature, national, power of.

Patterson plan.
_See_ Jersey plan.

Patterson, William, N. J., attends convention, i., 1;
Pierce's sketch of, 79, n.;
moves to consider mode of voting in legislature, 109;
favors equal vote by states in legislature, 111, 315;
offers plan of government, 137;
on committee on representation, 292;
defends small states, 302;
opposes inclusion of blacks in representation, 321;
favors adjournment to consider representation in Senate, 367;
opposes ineligibility of executive, ii., 6.

Peace, power to declare, debated, ii., 188.

Pensioners, disqualification of, from legislature, proposed, ii., 64.

Phillips, Jonas, letter of, ii., 322, n.

Pierce, William, Ga., notes of convention, i., 1, n.;
sketch of Yates, 1, n.;
sketch of Robert Morris, 2, n.;
sketch of Few, 2, n.;
sketch of Blair, 1, n.;
sketch of Bassett, 1, n.;
sketch of Washington, 3, n.;
sketch of Wilson, 3, n.;
sketch of Hamilton, 4, n.;
sketch of Wythe, 5, n.;
sketch of King, 5, n.;
sketch of Mason, 6, n.;
sketch of Gouverneur Morris, 8, n.;
sketch of Butler, 11, n.;
sketch of Spaight, 11, n.;
sketch of Charles Pinckney, 13, n.;
sketch of Randolph, 13, n.;
sketch of Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, 33, n.;
sketch of Gerry, 34, n.;
sketch of Sherman, 34, n.;
sketch of Read, 35, n.;
sketch of Madison, 36, n.;
attends convention, 39;
sketch of Rutledge, 46, n.;
sketch of Franklin, 49, n.;
sketch of Bedford, 54, n.;
sketch of Williamson, 57, n.;
sketch of Dickinson, 62, n.;
sketch of Davey, 65, n.;
sketch of Patterson, 79, n.;
favors election of Representatives by people and to Senate by
legislatures, 89;
sketch of Pierce, 89, n.;
sketch of Brearley, 109, n.;
sketch of Ellsworth, 120, n.;
proposes three years' term for Senators, 128;
sketch of Jenifer, 124, n.;
sketch of Lansing, 138, n.;
sketch of Johnson, 200, n.;
sketch of Strong, 207, n.;
sketch of Gorham, 210, n.;
sketch of Alexander Martin, 218, n.;
sketch of Dayton, 245, n.;
opposes equal state representation, 268;
sketch of Baldwin, 271, n.;
sketch of Broome, ii., 8, n.;
sketch of McClurg, 16, n.;
sketch of Gilman, 29, n.;
sketch of Houston, 38, n.;
sketch of Carroll, 39, n.;
sketch of Langdon, 64, n.;
sketch of McHenry, 157, n.;
sketch of Mifflin, 159, n.;
sketch of Livingston, 209, n.;
sketch of Blount, 394, n.;
sketch of Ingersoll, 396.

Pinckney, Charles, S. C., attends convention, i., 2;
appointed on committee on rules, 4;
moves a committee on minutes, 13;
Pierce's sketch of, 13, n.;
submits plan of constitution, 19;
letters of concerning draft, 19, n.;
asks if state governments are to be abolished, 33;
favors enumerating powers of national legislature, 45;
favors vigorous executive, 56;
favors seven years' term for national executive, 54;
favors single executive, 66;
favors appointment of judiciary by executive, 78;
opposes provision for amendments of constitution, 79;
favors ratification by nine states, 81;
moves election of Representatives by state legislatures, 84;
opposes inclusion of judiciary in revisionary power, 93;
moves consideration of negative on state laws, 94;
favors election of Senators by state legislatures, 100;
favors negative by legislature on all laws, 101;
moves classification of states to determine representation, 107;
favors representation by free population, 120;
proposes selection of judges by legislature, 131;
favors election of representatives by the people, 224;
opposes equal state representation in Senate, 286;
favors representation by population, 307;
thinks originating money bills in House no concession, 310;
favors representation of blacks equal with whites, 346;
proposes proportional representation in Senate, 356;
favors negative by legislature of state laws, 374;
favors election of executive by the people, 376;
opposes impeachability of executive, ii., 11, 13;
favors appointment of judges by Senate, 26;
moves that executive be elected by legislature for not more than
six years in twelve, 52;
moves exclusion from executive and judiciary of debtors of
government, 61;
opposes disqualification of debtors from legislature, 65;
thinks national capital ought not to be at state capital, 67;
moves reference to committee of whole of report of committee of
detail, 91;
thinks time of meeting of legislature need not be fixed in
constitution, 93;
moves increase in representation of South Carolina, 110;
thinks fisheries and western frontier more burdensome than slavery,
114;
moves to strike out requirement as to money bills, 115;
favors fourteen years' citizenship for Senators, 121;
thinks no strangers should be in legislature, 121;
moves that time and mode of election of Representatives be fixed by
state legislatures, 126;
insists on property qualification for officers of government, 128;
opposes considering question of money bills, 141;
thinks government not bound to respect state laws on naturalization,
147;
opposes ineligibility of members of legislature to other offices,
158, 163;
moves that acceptance of other office shall vacate seat in
legislature, 159;
favors postponement of clause relating to eligibility of members of
legislature to other offices, 166;
thinks judiciary should not be included in revisionary power, 172;
favors appointment of treasurer by joint ballot, 184;
moves legislature subdue rebellions without application to state
legislatures, 186;
thinks Senate should have power to declare war, 187;
thinks state debts may be assumed by government, 192;
opposes executive council, 193;
favors national control of militia, 197;
submits propositions for committee of detail, 198;
seconds Morris's propositions for committee of detail, 200;
moves power to create necessary offices, 203;
declares constitution will fail if slave trade is prohibited, 218;
defends slavery, 221;
moves to commit question of navigation acts, 225;
moves officers be forbidden to accept presents from foreign states,
234, 235;
moves national power to negative state laws, 236;
thinks state executives should be appointed by national government,
237;
moves election of executive by majority of legislature, 244;
thinks rights of habeas corpus should be assured, 261;
proposes that fugitive slaves be surrendered, 267;
moves to recommit question of interstate validity of state acts,
267;
favors commercial regulations, 269;
moves that no religious test be required for office, 283;
moves that Congress be not required to approve constitution, 288;
moves ineligibility of members of legislature to other offices with
emoluments, 294;
thinks they should be eligible to other offices, 296;
asks why mode of electing President is to be changed, 301;
thinks electors objectionable, 301, 307;
moves each house of legislature judge privileges of its own members,
304;
agrees to postponement of clause relative to revenue bills, 306;
seconds motion that two-thirds of Senate be present when electing
President, 318;
thinks Senate should not share in appointments, except of
ambassadors, 328;
opposes power of impeaching President, 336;
moves an address to accompany constitution, 347;
opposes three-quarter vote to override President's negative, 363;
moves power to establish a university, 374;
thinks legislature should not name treasurer, 371;
opposes provision against standing armies, 374;
moves guaranty of liberty of the press, 375;
favors publication of accounts from time to time, 376;
favors increase of North Carolina representation, 379;
moves preservation of jury trials in civil cases, 384;
announces he will sign constitution, 388;
urges unequivocal signing, 396.

Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth, S. C., attends convention, i., 1;
Pierce's sketch of, 23, n.;
opposes election of Representatives by the people, 90;
thinks Senate should have power to originate money bills, 134;
favors election of Representatives by state legislatures, 204, 206;
opposes ineligibility of Representatives to state offices, 217;
favors four years' term for Senators, 236, 238;
favors no salary for Senators, 244;
thinks Senate should be dependent on states, 247;
favors compromise on representation, 287;
thinks originating money bills in House no concession, 312;
favors equality of representation for southern states, 323;
favors greater representation for southern states, 324;
moves increase of representation for North and South Carolina,
and Georgia, 325;
insists upon inclusion of blacks in basis of representation, 331;
opposes tax on exports, 342;
thinks slave property should be protected, 343;
favors first census as basis of representation, 346;
opposes adjournment on representation question, 367;
insists constitution must provide against emancipation, ii., 39;
moves exclusion from judiciary and executive of public debtors, 61;
seconds motion to strike out provision for mutual negative of one
branch of government over another, 92;
moves that representation of South Carolina be increased, 110;
moves ten years' citizenship for Senators, 125;
asks whether there is to be no army, 135;
favors national control of militia, 196, 197;
declares constitution will fail if it interferes with slavery, 221;
declares South Carolina will not soon stop slave trade, 223;
on committee on navigation acts, 225;
favors effective control of militia, 232;
seconds motion to reconsider question of discharge of debts, 241;
favors extension of slave trade, 250;
proposes plan for selecting ports of entry, 253;
thinks judges' salaries may be raised, 258;
favors compromise on commercial regulations, 269;
praises New England men, 269;
approves motion that no religious test be required for office, 283;
opposes clause as to juries in civil cases, 384;
dislikes form of signing, 396, n.

Pinckney plan, real date of, i., xvi.;
letters concerning, i., 19, n;
submitted, 20;
facsimile of, 21;
referred to committee of detail, ii., 48, 74.

Piracies and felonies, power to declare, debated, ii., 184.

Ports of entry, method of choosing, debate on, ii., 253.

Post-offices, power to establish.
_See_ Legislature, national, power of.

Prayers in convention proposed by Franklin, i., 259, 260.

Presents, acceptance of, from foreign states, by officers, forbidden,
ii., 235.

President, the.
_See_ Executive, national.

President of the convention, Washington elected, i., 3.

Property qualification.
_See_ Executive, national, compensation of;
Judiciary, national, compensation of;
Legislature, national, property qualification for;
Senate.

Proportional representation.
_See_ Legislature, national, representation in.

Q

Quorum.
_See_ Legislature, national, quorum in.

R

Randolph, Edmund, Va., attends convention, i., 1;
offers Virginia plan, 13;
Pierce's sketch of, 13, n.;
explains design of Senate, 43;
opposes indefinite power of legislature, 47;
opposes single executive, 51, 63;
opposes election of executive by state executives, 109;
favors provision for amendment of constitution, 122;
favors oath of allegiance to national government from state
officers, 122;
favors seven years' term for Senators, 128;
moves extent of supreme court's jurisdiction, 130;
opposes Jersey plan, 150;
favors two years' term for representatives, 207;
favors national compensation for Representatives, 210;
favors rotation in personnel of Senate, 236;
moves that sermon be preached to convention, 261;
favors committee of compromise on representation, 291;
on committee of compromise on representation, 307;
objects to submitting question of voting in Senate to committee of
small states, 308;
opposes reduction of representation of New Hampshire, 324;
moves that census be required, 327, 331, 344;
moves representation by free inhabitants and three-fifths slaves,
344-350;
favors adjournment on representation in Senate, 367, 368;
opposes power to legislate where state legislation would interrupt
harmony, 372;
favors appointment of judges by Senate, 386;
favors guaranty of republican government to states, 391;
favors ineligibility to re-election of executive, ii., 4;
favors impeachability of executive, 14;
favors appointment of judges by executive, 27;
thinks constitution should be ratified by the people, 31;
favors fixing time of meeting of legislature provisionally, 44;
thinks it unimportant when legislature meets, 95;
revives question of money bills originating, 116;
thinks state executives may safely fill vacancies in Senate, 117;
moves to postpone question of voting in Senate, 118, 119;
favors postponement of question of originating money bills, 120;
opposes fourteen years' residence for Senators, 123;
favors nine years' citizenship for Senators, 125;
moves legislature have power to compel attendance of members, 135;
approves expulsion from legislature by two-thirds vote, 135;
thinks yeas and nays may be ordered by any member of legislature,
136;
moves Senators may dissent from any measure, 136;
thinks originating money bills ought to be reconsidered, 140;
moves four years' citizenship for Representatives, 142;
moves bills to raise revenue shall originate in House without power
of amendment in Senate, 149;
thinks provision as to money bills should stand, 155;
favors disqualification of members of legislature from other
offices, 166, 296;
moves that power of negative extend to resolutions, 177;
favors power to emit bills of credit, 182;
doubts whether legislature may declare law of piracies, 185;
moves that legislature define piracies, etc., 185;
opposes suppression of rebellion without request of state, 187;
favors extended definition of treason, 203;
moves British statute on treason, 205;
favors commitment of question of slave trade, 224;
thinks power to fulfil engagements or old government unnecessary,
229;
favors national control of militia, 232;
moves postponement of question of treaty-making, 240;
favors reconsideration of question of discharge of debts, 241;
suggests states appoint some federal officers, 246;
moves obligations of old government be binding on new, 249;
opposed to removability of judges on application of legislature,
257;
moves judges' salaries be fixed for three years, 258;
on committee on interstate validity of state acts, 268;
favors interstate validity of state acts, 268;
announces objection to features of constitution, 273;
moves that ratification from nine states be required, 284;
favors second convention to consider amendments, 289;
thinks declaration as to state acts defective, 294;
asks why the mode of electing President is to be changed, 301;
thinks eventual election of executive should be by whole
legislature, 303;
doubts whether each House should judge of the privileges of its
members, 304;
thinks mode of choosing President aristocratic, 310;
moves that legislature name President when both President and
Vice-President die, 323;
thinks Vice-President should not be President of Senate, 326;
thinks state conventions may offer amendments to constitution, 343;
states his objections to the constitution, 346;
proposes second convention, 346;
moves pardons in treason cases be considered, 347;
moves use of word "service" for "servitude," 367;
seconds verbal amendment to clause on negative of bills, 368;
moves suspension of officers impeached, 370;
favors power to grant charters, 373;
seconds motion against standing armies, 374;
moves to except treason from President's power to pardon, 382;
thinks President and Senate should not combine, 382;
announces he cannot sign constitution, 387;
proposes second federal convention, 388;
thinks second convention feasible, 395;
does not sign, 398.

Ratification of constitution, method of, debated, i., 80, ii., 32,
254, 342, 344;
by conventions, proposed, i., 79;
by people of states, 122, 135, 187;
by assemblies chosen by the people, debated, ii, 38;
resolutions concerning, offered, 368.

Read, George, Del., attends convention, i., 2;
moves debate on three branches of government, 35;
Pierce's sketch of, 35;
moves to postpone question of representation, 37;
favors national government, 89;
moves Senate be named by executive, 95;
opposes guaranty of territory to the states, 121;
favors forbidding Senate from originating money bills, 133;
thinks injustice was done small states in land cession, 237;
supports small states on question of representation, 232;
favors life term for Senators, 236;
moves nine years' term for Senators, 238;
thinks the United States ought to be one people, 241;
favors abolishing states, 263;
favors increase in representation, 326;
thinks representation ought to be fixed by legislature, 334;
thinks taxation and representation may be adjusted, 348;
moves absolute negative by executive on legislature, ii., 95;
opposes requirement that Representatives live in the states they
represent, 108;
opposes provision as to money bills, 118;
moves that national legislature have power over elections if states
make no provision, 128;
opposes power to emit bills of credit, 183;
moves that treasurer be appointed by executive, 184;
doubts national control of militia, 198;
thinks requisitions were accommodated to poverty of states, 212;
favors commitment of question of taxing exports, 224;
moves President of Senate have additional casting vote for
executive, 244;
on committee of August 25, 254;
objects to same court having equity and law jurisdiction, 256;
opposed to separate provision for re-election of President, 313;
thinks small states should have vote for President in legislature,
325;
moves prohibition of direct tax, 375.

Rebellion in states, power to subdue, debated, ii., 186.

Representation in legislature.
_See_ Legislature, national, representation in, House of
Representatives, Senate.

Republican government, guaranty of, to states, debate on, i., 79, 121,
137, 390, ii., 282;
amendment adopted, 384.

Rhode Island, address from citizens of, i., 8, n.;
moved representation of, be increased, ii., 378.

Rules, of convention, committee on, appointed, i., 5;
adopted, 6;
additional, adopted, 12.
Of legislature.
_See_ Legislature, national, rules of.

Russell, William, signs address from Rhode Island; i., 11, n.

Rutledge, John, S. C., attends convention, i., 2;
seconds motion for Washington's election as President, 3;
wants enumeration of powers of legislature, 46;
Pierce's sketch of, 46, n.;
favors single executive, 66;
opposes appointment of judges by executive, 77;
opposes inferior judicial tribunals, 82;
moves classification of states to determine representation, 107;
favors representation according to wealth, 115, 120, 364;
favors two years' term for Representatives, 124;
thinks Senators should receive no compensation, 129;
favors election of Representatives by state legislatures, 205;
favors ineligibility of Representatives to other offices, 218, 223;
opposes sending for New Hampshire delegates, 272;
on committee on compromise on representation, 292, 307;
moves fixing representation, 319;
opposes increase in representation, 327;
moves that representation be by wealth and population, 333;
proposes to reconsider originating of money bills, 355;
thinks powers of legislature loosely defined, 366;
opposes adjournment to consider representation, 368;
opposes guaranteeing republican government to states, 392;
favors election of executive by state legislatures, ii., 8;
opposes inclusion of judiciary in revisionary power, 25;
on committee to report constitution according to resolutions, 58;
submits report of committee, 75;
moves annual meeting of legislature, 95;
opposes confining suffrage to freeholders, 106;
favors seven years' residence in their states of Representatives,
108;
favors three years' residence in their states of Representatives,
110;
insists on longer than seven years' citizenship for Senators, 125;
moves mode of election of Representatives be left to state
legislatures, 126;
insists on property qualification for officers of government, 129,
132;
moves publication of Senate journals, 137;
thinks provision as to citizenship should apply to those already
citizens, 146;
opposes provision as to money bills, 156;
seconds motion to postpone provision as to money bills, 171;
urges progress, 175;
opposes tax on exports, 178;
moves that funds for public creditors be not diverted, 191;
moves that state debts be assumed by government, 196;
urges expedition, 193;
defends slavery, 218;
declares South Carolina and Georgia will not accept constitution if
it prohibits slave trade, 224;
submits report on Madison and Pinckney propositions, 225;
thinks prohibition of _ex post facto_ laws unnecessary, 228;
reports constitution according to resolutions, 228;
moves constitution be the supreme law, 235;
opposes power of negative of state laws, 237;
thinks judiciary will decide controversies between states, 241;
moves election of executive by joint ballot of legislature, 242;
opposed to removability of judges on legislature's application, 257;
moves judiciary have power over treaties, 259;
thinks rights of habeas corpus should be inviolable, 261;
moves to prohibit bills of attainder and retrospective laws, 263;
on committee on interstate validity of state acts, 268;
favors commercial regulations, 272;
thinks there is no danger of dismemberment of states, 278;
thinks it unnecessary to guarantee public lands, 281;
presents committee report, 292;
opposes plan for executive, 308;
moves Senate choose President from thirteen candidates, 311;
moves two-thirds of whole Senate concur in treaties, 334;
objects to general power against slavery, 341;
opposes legislature appointing treasurer, 371;
opposes address to people, 377;
moves to limit President's emoluments, 381.

S

Seat of government, not to be at same place with state capital, ii.,
66;
at central point proposed, 67;
provisions for, 140.

Second branch of legislature.
_See_ Legislature, national, Senate.

Senate.
_See_ Legislature, national, Senate.

Sermon for members of convention agreed to, i., 261.