Chapter XC: Section LIII: Impeachment (3)

1. Prayer by the Chaplain, if present.
2. Call of the roll.
3. Reading of the journal of the previous day.
4. Presentation of petitions.
5. Reports of standing committees.
6. Reports of select committees.
7. Message from the Governor.
8. Amendments proposed by the Senate to bills from the House of
Representatives.
9. Motions, resolutions and notices.
10. Introduction and first reading of bills.
11. Second reading of bills and resolutions from the Senate.
12. Second reading of House bills and resolutions.
13. Consideration of bills reported upon by committees.
14. Third reading of Senate bills and resolutions.
15. Third reading of the House bills and resolutions.
16. Unfinished business of the preceding day.
17. Special orders of the day.
18. General orders of the day.

Any other business not prohibited by the rules of the House.

DECORUM AND ORDER OF DEBATE.

11. Every member, previous to speaking, shall rise from his chair, and respectfully address himself to the Speaker, and shall confine himself to the question under debate, and avoid personality.

12. When two or more members address the Chair at the same time, the Speaker shall recognize the one who first rose.

13. A member called to order shall immediately sit down, unless permitted to explain, and the Chair shall decide the question of order, without debate, subject to an appeal to the House.

14. When the Speaker is putting the question, no member shall walk out of or across the House, nor when a member is speaking, shall any person entertain any private discourse, or pass between him and the Chair; and no smoking shall be allowed in the House.

15. No member shall speak more than twice, nor more than thirty minutes at one time on the same question, without leave of the House, nor more than once until every member who chooses to speak shall have spoken, except chairmen of committees, upon matters reported by them.

16. No motion shall be debated, or put, unless the same be seconded; it shall be stated by the Speaker before the debate, and any such motion shall be reduced to writing, if the Speaker or any member desire it.

17. After a motion shall be stated by the Speaker, it shall be deemed to be in possession of the House; all motions, resolutions, or amendments, shall be entered on the journal, whether rejected or adopted.

18. If the question in debate contain several points, any member may have the same divided.

19. Every member who shall be present before the vote is declared from the Chair, and no other, shall vote for or against the same, unless the House shall excuse him; _provided_, that if any member have a personal or private interest in any measure or bill proposed or pending, he shall declare the fact to the House, and shall not vote thereon.

20. Any two members may make a call of the House, and require absent members to be sent for, but a call of the House cannot be made after the voting has commenced; and the call of the House being ordered, and the absentees noted, the doors shall be closed, and no member permitted to leave the room until the report of the sergeant-at-arms be received and acted upon, or further proceedings in the call be suspended by a vote of two-thirds of the House.

21. When a question is under debate, no motion shall be received but to adjourn, to lay on the table, for the previous question, to postpone indefinitely, to postpone to a certain day, to commit or to amend, which several motions shall have precedence in the order in which they stand arranged.

22. A motion to adjourn shall always be in order, except when a member is addressing the Chair, or a vote is being taken; _provided_, the motion being once moved and decided in the negative shall be considered settled until some other motion or business shall come before the House. The motion to adjourn and to lay on the table, shall be decided without debate.

23. When the House adjourns the members shall keep their seats until the Speaker announces the adjournment.

24. The orders for a particular day shall hold for every succeeding day until disposed of.

25. All questions, whether in committee or in the House, shall be put in the order they are moved, except in case of privileged questions; and in filling up blanks the largest sum and the longest time shall be first put.

26. The ayes and noes shall be ordered when demanded by any member, and all votes taken by ayes and noes shall be entered on the journal.

27. Petitions, memorials, and other papers addressed to the House shall be presented by the Speaker or by a member in his place.

BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS.

28. Every bill shall be introduced by motion for leave or on a report of a committee.

29. Every bill and resolution shall have prefixed thereto the name of the person introducing it; and when ordered by a committee the name of said committee shall be endorsed thereon.

30. Every bill shall be read at length, on three different days, in the House; all substantial amendments made thereto shall be printed for the use of the members, before the final vote is taken on the bill; and no bill shall pass except by vote of a majority of all members elected to the House, nor unless on its final passage the vote be taken by ayes and nays, and the names of those voting be entered on the journal.--_Const._

31. No bill shall be committed or amended unless it has been read twice. No joint resolution shall be declared passed unless voted for by a majority of all members elected to the House.

32. No bill shall be considered or become a law unless referred to a committee, returned therefrom, and printed for the use of the members.--_Const._

33. No bill, except general appropriation bills, shall be passed containing more than one subject, which shall be clearly expressed in its title.--_Const._

34. All bills shall be printed immediately after the first reading thereof, unless otherwise ordered by the House.

35. All bills after having been read a second time shall be placed on the file for consideration of the committee of the whole, unless specially ordered by the House.

36. The same bill shall not appropriate the public money or property to more than one local or private purpose; and bills appropriating moneys for the payment of officers of the Government shall be confined to that purpose exclusively.

37. In all cases where a bill, order, resolution, or motion shall be entered on the journal of the House, the name of the member moving the same shall be entered on the journal.

38. A similar mode of proceeding shall be observed with bills which have originated in the Senate, as with bills originating in the House.

39. All memorials, and joint resolutions, upon their introduction shall be read by title, and laid upon the table until printed, unless by a suspension of this rule the House decide otherwise.

40. Every order or resolution to which the concurrence of the Senate shall be necessary, unless otherwise ordered by a majority of the House, shall be read to the House and laid upon the table on a day preceding action thereon.

COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE.

41. When the House has arrived at the general orders of the day, it shall go into committee of the whole upon such orders, or a particular order designated by a vote of the House; and no business shall be in order until the whole are considered and passed, or the committee rise; and unless a particular bill is ordered up, the committee of the whole shall consider, act upon, or pass, the general orders according to the order of their reference.

42. In forming a committee of the whole House the Speaker shall appoint a chairman to preside.

43. Bills committed to a committee of the whole House shall be read and considered by clauses, leaving the preamble to be last considered. All amendments shall be entered on a separate piece of paper, and so reported to the House by the chairman, standing in his place.

44. The rules of the House shall be observed in committee of the whole House, as far as may be applicable, except that the ayes and nays shall not be called, nor the previous question enforced.

45. A motion that the committee rise shall always be in order, and shall always be decided without debate.

RECONSIDERATION.

46. No motion for reconsideration shall be in order, unless on the same day or the day following that on which the decision proposed to be considered took place, nor unless one of the majority shall move such reconsideration. A motion for reconsideration being put and lost (except in case of privileged motions), shall not be renewed on the same day, nor shall any subject be a second time reconsidered on the same day without unanimous consent.

47. When notice of the intention to move the reconsideration of any bill or joint resolution shall be given by a member, the Clerk shall retain the said bill or joint resolution, until after the time during which the said motion can be made, unless the same shall have previously been disposed of.

48. A member who votes on that side of a question which prevailed, and which required two-thirds of the members present to carry the affirmative, may be at liberty to move for a reconsideration, and a motion for reconsideration shall be decided by a majority of votes.

PREVIOUS QUESTION.

49. The previous question shall be in this form: Shall the main question be now put? It shall only be entertained when demanded by a majority of the members present, and its effect shall be to put an end to all debate, and bring the House to a direct vote upon amendments reported by a committee, if any, upon pending amendments, and then upon the main question. On a motion for the previous question, and prior to the seconding of the same, a call of the House shall be in order; but after a majority shall have seconded such motion, no call shall be in order prior to a decision of the main question.

50. When the previous question is decided in the negative, it shall leave the main question under debate.

51. All incidental questions of order arising after a motion is made for the previous question, during the pending of such motion or after the House shall have determined that the main question shall be now put, shall be decided, whether on appeal or otherwise, without debate.

ADMISSIONS TO THE FLOOR.

52. No person shall be admitted within the bar of the House but the Executive, ex-Governors, members of the Senate, the heads of Departments of the State Government, Judges of the Supreme Court, ex-members of the Legislature, representatives of the press, ladies, and such other persons as the House may from time to time direct, provided, however, that any member may invite a single visitor to a seat on the floor of the House.

COMMITTEES.

53. The following standing committees, to consist of five members each, shall be appointed at the commencement of the session, unless otherwise ordered:

1. Finance, Ways and Means.
2. Judiciary.
3. Education.
4. Mines and Mining.
5. Agriculture.
6. Irrigation.
7. Stock.
8. Elections and Apportionment.
9. Manufactures.
10. Immigration.
11. Corporations.
12. Public Lands.
13. Fees and Salaries.
14. State Institutions.
15. Counties and County Lines.
16. Indian Affairs.
17. Military Affairs.
18. Roads and Bridges.
19. Public Buildings.
20. Federal Relations.
21. Claims.
22. Printing.
23. Appropriations and Expenditures.

And the following standing committees to consist of three members each:

A Committee of Engrossment.
A Committee of Enrollment.

54. The committee on engrossment shall examine all bills after they are engrossed and before their third reading, and report the same to the House as correctly engrossed. The committee on enrollment shall examine all bills, and report them to the House as correctly enrolled. Said committee may report at any time.

55. Select committees to whom reference shall be made shall in all cases report a state of facts, and their opinion thereon to the House.

RULES.

56. The rules of parliamentary practice embraced in Cushing’s Manual shall govern the House in all cases to which they are applicable, and in which they are not inconsistent with the standing rules and orders of the House, and joint rules of the Senate and House of Representatives.

57. No rule of the House shall be suspended, altered, or amended, without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members elected to the House.

JOINT RULES OF THE SENATE AND HOUSE.

1. When a message shall be sent from the Senate to the House of Representatives, it shall be announced at the door of the House by the Sergeant-at-Arms, and shall be respectfully communicated to the Chair by the person by whom it was sent.

2. The same ceremony shall be observed when a message shall be sent from the House of Representatives to the Senate.

3. Messages shall be transmitted from one House to the other while both Houses are in session.

4. Neither House shall without the consent of the other adjourn for more than three days; nor to any other place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting.

5. After a bill shall have passed both Houses, it shall be duly enrolled by the Enrolling Clerk of the House of Representatives, or of the Senate, as the bill may have originated in the one or the other House, before it shall be presented to the Governor of the State for his approval.

6. When the bills are enrolled they shall be examined by a joint committee of two from the Senate and two from the House of Representatives, appointed as a standing committee for that purpose, who shall carefully compare the enrollment with the engrossed bills, as passed in the two Houses, and correcting any error that may be discovered in the enrolled bills, make their report forthwith to their respective Houses.

7. After examination and report each bill shall be signed in their respective Houses, first by the Speaker of the House of Representatives, then by the President of the Senate.

SENATE RULES.

8. After a bill shall have been thus signed in each House, it shall be presented by the said committee to the Governor for his approbation (it being first endorsed on the back of the roll, certifying in which House the same originated, which endorsement shall be signed by the Chief Clerk of the House in which the same did originate), and shall be entered on the journal of each House. The said committee shall report the day of presentation to the Governor, which time shall be carefully entered on the journal of each House.

9. No amendment to any bill by one House shall be concurred in by the other, nor shall the report of any committee of conference be accepted in either House, except by a vote of a majority of the members elected thereto, taken by ayes and noes, and the names of those voting be entered on the journal.

10. All orders, resolutions and votes, which are to be presented to the Governor of the State for his approbation, shall also, in the same manner be enrolled, examined and assigned, and shall be presented in the same manner and by the same committee, as provided in the case of bills.

11. Each House shall transmit to the other when requested, all the papers on which any bill or resolution shall be founded.

12. The presiding officer of the Senate shall preside at all conventions of the Houses.

13. Any three members may move a call of the convention.

14. When a bill or resolution shall have passed one House and shall be rejected by the other, notice thereof shall immediately be given to the House in which the same may have originated.

15. Bills appropriating moneys for the payment of officers of the Government shall be confined to that purpose exclusively, and no law shall embrace more than one subject, which shall be expressed in its title.

16. No joint rule of the Senate and House of Representatives shall be suspended, altered or amended without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members elected to each House.

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE

OF THE PRINCIPAL POLITICAL AND OTHER EVENTS IN AMERICAN HISTORY, FROM THE DISCOVERY IN 1492 TO THE PRESENT TIME.

1492, August 3, Columbus sailed from Palos, Spain.

1492, October 12, Columbus discovered Guanahani.

1492, November 7, Columbus discovered Cuba.

1492, December 6, Hayti, or Hispaniola discovered.

1493, January 16, Columbus returned to Spain.

1493, September 25, Columbus sails from Cadiz on his second voyage.

1493, December 8, Columbus lays the foundation of Isabella in Hispaniola, the first European town in the New World.

1494, May 5, Jamaica discovered.

1496, March 10, Columbus sails again for Spain.

1497, June 24, North America discovered by the Cabots.

1498, May 30, Columbus sails from Spain on his third voyage.

1498, July 31, Trinidad discovered.

1498, August 1, South America discovered by Columbus.

1499, June 16, South America discovered by Americus Vespucius.

1500, Amazon river discovered by Pinzon.

1500, April 23, Brazil discovered by Cabval.

1502, May 11, Columbus sails on his last voyage.

1502, August 14, Bay of Honduras discovered by Columbus.

1504, September 2, Columbus returns to Spain.

1506, May 20, Columbus dies in his 59th year.

1508, St. Lawrence river first navigated by Aubert.

1512, April 2, Florida discovered by Juan Ponce de Leon.

1512, Baracoa, the first town in Cuba, built by Diego Velasquez.

1513, September 25, Pacific Ocean discovered by Vasco Nunez De Balboa.

1516, Rio de la Plata discovered by Juan Diaz de Solis.

1517, Patent granted by Charles V. for an annual import of 4,000 negro slaves to Hispaniola, Cuba, Jamaica and Puerto Rico.

1517, Yucatan discovered by Francis Hernandez Cordova.

1519, March 13, Cortes lands at Tabasco, in Mexico.

1519, April 22, Cortes arrives at San Juan de Ulloa.

1519, Vera Cruz settled by Cortes.

1519, November 8, Cortes enters Mexico.

1520, Montezuma dies.

1520, November 7, Straits of Magellan discovered by Ferdinand Magellan.

1521, August 13, Mexico taken by Cortes.

1522, Bermudas discovered by Juan Bermudez.

1525, First invasion of Peru by Pizarro and Almagro.

1528, Pizarro appointed governor of Peru.

1531, Second invasion of Peru by Pizarro.

1532, First colony founded in Peru by Pizarro.

1535, Chili invaded by Almagro.

1537, California discovered by Cortes.

1539, May 18, Ferdinand de Soto sails from Havana on an expedition for the conquest of Florida.

1541, August 6, Orellana explores the Amazon, and arrives at the ocean.

1545, Mines of Potosi, in South America, discovered.

1548, Platina discovered in the south of Mexico.

1563, Slaves first imported into the West Indies by the English.

1576, Elizabeth’s and Frobisher’s Straits discovered by Martin Frobisher.

1585, June 26, Virginia visited by Sir Walter Raleigh.

1586, Tobacco introduced into England by Mr. Lane.

1587, August 13, First Indian baptized in Virginia.

1602, May 15, Cape Cod named by Bartholomew Gosnold.

1602, May 21, Martha’s Vineyard discovered by Gosnold.

1607, May 13, Jamestown, Virginia, founded.

1608, July 3, Quebec founded.

1609, Hudson river discovered by Henry Hudson.

1611, Lake Champlain discovered by Champlain.

1616, Baffin’s Bay discovered by Baffin.

1617, Pocahontas dies in England.

1619, June 19, First General Assembly in Virginia.

1619, May 20, Long Island Sound first navigated by Dermer.

1620, August 5, Puritans sail from Southampton, England, for America.

1620, November 10, Puritans anchored at Cape Cod.

1620, November, first white child born in New England.

1620, December 11, first landing at Plymouth.

1620, December 25, first house built at Plymouth.

1620, Slaves first introduced into Virginia by the Dutch.

1621, May 12, first marriage at Plymouth.

1630, Boston settled.

1630, October 19, first general court of Massachusetts Colony holden at Boston.

1631, Delaware settled by the Swedes.

1632, First church built at Boston.

1633, First house erected in Connecticut, at Windsor.

1634, Maryland settled.

1634, Roger Williams banished from Massachusetts.

1636, Hartford, Conn., settled.

1636, Providence founded by Roger Williams.

1637, First synod convened at Newton (now Cambridge), Mass.

1638, New Haven founded.

1638, Harvard College founded.

1638, June 1, earthquake in New England.

1639, January 14, convention at Hartford, Conn., for forming a Constitution.

1639, April, first general election at Hartford.

1639, First printing press established at Cambridge, Mass., by Stephen Day.

1642, October 9, first commencement at Harvard College.

1643, May 19, union of the New England Colonies.

1646, First act passed by the general court of Mass. for the spread of the Gospel among the Indians.

1647, May 19, first General Assembly of Rhode Island.

1648, First execution for witchcraft.

1648, New London settled.

1650, Harvard College chartered.

1650, Constitution of Maryland settled.

1651, Navigation Act passed by Great Britain.

1652, First mint established in New England.

1654, Yale College first projected by Davenport.

1663, January 26, earthquake felt in New England, New Netherlands and Canada.

1664, August 27, surrender of New Amsterdam to the English.

1665, June 12, New York City incorporated.

1672, First copyright granted by Mass.

1673, Mississippi river explored by Marquette and Joliet.

1675, June 24, commencement of King Philip’s war.

1676, August 12, death of King Philip.

1681, March 4, grant of Pennsylvania to William Penn.

1682, October 24, arrival of William Penn in America.

1682, Louisiana taken possession of by M. de la Sale.

1683, First Legislative Assembly in New York.

1683, Roger Williams dies, in his 84th year.

1686, First Episcopal Society formed in Boston.

1687, First printing press established near Philadelphia by William Bradford.

1688, New York and New Jersey united to New England.

1690, February 8, Schenectady burned by the French and Indians.

1690, First paper money issued by Massachusetts.

1692, William and Mary College, Virginia, chartered.

1693, Episcopal Church established at New York.

1693, First printing press established in New York by William Bradford.

1695, Rice introduced into Carolina.

1698, First French Colony arrive at the mouth of the Mississippi.

1699, Captain Kidd, the pirate, apprehended at Boston.

1700, Episcopal Church established in Pennsylvania.

1701, October, Yale College chartered and founded at Saybrook.

1702, Episcopal Church established in New Jersey and Rhode Island.

1703, Culture of silk introduced into Carolina.

1703, Duty of £4 laid on imported negroes, in Mass.

1704, Tonnage duty laid by Rhode Island on foreign vessels.

1704, Act “to prevent the growth of Popery,” passed by Maryland.

1704, First newspaper (Boston News Letter) published at Boston, by Bartholomew Green.

1706, Bills of Credit issued by Carolina.

1709, First printing press in Connecticut, established at New London, by Thomas Short.

1711, South Sea Company incorporated.

1712, Free Schools founded in Charleston, Massachusetts.

1714, First schooner built at Cape Ann.

1717, Yale College removed from Saybrook to New Haven.

1718, Import duties laid by Massachusetts on English manufactures and English ships.

1719, First Presbyterian Church founded in New York.

1720, Tea first used in New England.

1721, Inoculation for small-pox introduced into New England.

1722, Paper money first issued in Pennsylvania.

1725, First newspaper in New York (the New York Gazette) published by William Bradford.

1726, First printing presses established in Virginia and Maryland.

1727, Earthquake in New England.

1730, First printing press and newspaper established at Charleston, South Carolina.

1732, Tobacco made a legal tender in Maryland at 1_d._ per pound, and corn at 20_d._ per bushel.

1732, February 22, George Washington born.

1732, First printing press and newspaper established at Newport, Rhode Island.

1733, Georgia settled.

1733, Freemasons’ Lodge first held in Boston.

1727, Earthquake in New Jersey.

1738, College founded at Princeton, New Jersey.

1741, January 1, General Magazine and Historical Chronicle, first published by Benjamin Franklin.

1742, Faneuil Hall erected at Boston.

1750, First theatrical performance in Boston.

1754, Columbia College founded in New York.

1755, July 9, defeat of General Braddock.

1755, September 8, battle of Lake George.

1755, Earthquake in North America.

1755, First newspaper (Connecticut Gazette), published at New Haven.

1756, May 17, war declared with France by Great Britain.

1756, First printing press and newspaper established at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, by Daniel Fowle.

1758, July 26, Louisburg taken by the English.

1758, August 27, Fort Frontenac taken by the English.

1758, November 25, Fort Duquesne (now Pittsburgh), taken by the English.

1759, Ticonderoga taken by the English.

1759, September 18, Quebec taken by the English.

1761, March 12, earthquake in New England.

1763, February 10, treaty of peace, signed at Paris, between the English and French.

1763, First newspaper published in Georgia.

1764, March, right to tax American colonies, voted by House of Commons.

1764, April 5, first act for levying revenue passed Parliament.

1764, April 21, Louisiana ordered to be given up to Spain.

1765, Stamp act passed by Parliament.

1765, March 22, stamp act receives a royal assent.

1765, May 29, Virginia resolutions against the right of taxation.

1765, June 6, general Congress proposed by Massachusetts.

1765, October 17, Congress of twenty-seven delegates convenes at New York, and publishes a declaration of rights and resolutions against the stamp act.

1766, February, Dr. Franklin examined before the House of Commons, relative to the repeal of the stamp act.

1766, March 18, stamp act repealed.

1767, Tax laid on paper, glass, painters’ colors, and teas.

1769, Dartmouth College incorporated; American Philosophical Society instituted at Philadelphia.

1770, March 5, Boston massacre.

1773, December 18, tea thrown overboard at Boston.

1774, March 31, Boston port bill passed; September 4, first Continental Congress at Philadelphia.

1774, Dr. Franklin dismissed from the post office.

1775, April 19, battle of Lexington; May 10, Ticonderoga taken by the Provincials.

1775, June 17, battle of Bunker Hill; July 2, General Washington arrives at Cambridge.

1775, December 13, resolution of Congress to fit out a navy of thirteen ships.

1775, December 31, assault on Quebec, and death of General Montgomery.

1776, March 17, Boston evacuated by the British; July 4, Declaration of Independence.

1776, August 27, battle of Long Island; September 15, British take possession of New York.

1776, October 28, battle of White Plains; November 16, capture of Fort Washington; December 26, battle of Trenton.

1777, January 3, battle of Princeton; August 16, battle of Bennington.

1777, September 11, battle of Brandywine; September 19, first battle of Stillwater.

1777, September 27, British army enters Philadelphia; October 4, battle of Germantown.

1777, October 7, second battle of Stillwater; October 17, surrender of the British army under Burgoyne.

1777, November 15, articles of confederation adopted by Congress, and finally ratified by the States; in March 1781, Maryland being the last State to adopt them.

1778, February 6, Treaty of alliance with France, ratified by Louis XVI.

1778, June 28, battle at Monmouth Court House; December 29, Savannah taken by the British.

1779, March 3, battle of Briar Creek; May 14, Norfolk taken by the British.

1779, June 20, battle of Stono Ferry.

1779, July 5-7, Fairfield and Norwalk, Conn., burned by the British.

1779. July 16, storming and capture of Stony Point by the Americans, under Wayne.

1779, July and August, Sullivan’s expedition against the Indians on the Susquehanna.

1779, September 23, Paul Jones captures two British frigates.

1780, April 14, battle at Monck’s Corner, South Carolina.

1780, May 6, battle on the Santee river.

1780, May 12, Surrender of Gen. Lincoln and American army at Charleston.

1780, July 12, French fleet and army arrive at Rhode Island.

1780, August 16, battle of Sanders Creek, near Camden.

1780, September 23, treason of Gen. Arnold, and arrest of Major Andre.

1780, October 2, Major Andre executed; battle of Kings Mountain.

1780, November 12, battle of Broad river; November 20, battle at Blackstock.

1780, December 20, war between England and Holland.

1781, Bank of North America established.

1781, January, expedition of the British, under Arnold, to Virginia.

1781, January 17, battle of the Cowpens; February, retreat of Gen. Greene in North Carolina.

1781, March 15, battle of Guilford Court House; April 25, battle of Hobkirk’s Hill, near Camden.

1781, August 14, American and French allied army, march from the Hudson river, near New York, to Virginia.

1781, September 6, burning of New London, by Arnold.

1781, September 8, battle of Eutaw Springs, and close of the campaign in South Carolina.

1781, October 19, surrender of Lord Cornwallis and the British army.

1782, February 27, resolutions of the House of Commons in favor of peace.

1782, March 20, resignation of Lord North, and accession of a Whig cabinet in England.

1782, April 19, independence of the United States acknowledged by Holland.

1782, June 24, last battle of the Revolutionary war, near Savannah, Georgia.

1782, August, death of Colonel John Laurens, of South Carolina.

1782, November 13, preliminary articles of peace between the United States and Great Britain, signed at Paris.

1783, January 20, preliminary treaties between France, Spain and Great Britain, signed at Versailles.

1783, Independence of the United States acknowledged by Sweden February 5; by Denmark, February 25; by Spain, March 24; and by Russia in July.

1783, April 11, peace proclaimed by Congress; April 19, announced to the army by Washington.

1783, September 3, definite treaty of peace signed at Paris.

1783, Proclamation for disbanding the army; November 2, Washington’s farewell orders.

1783, November 25, New York evacuated by the British.

1784, First voyage from China to New York.

1785, July 9, and August 5, treaty with Prussia.

1786, Shay’s insurrection in Massachusetts; September 20, insurrection in New Hampshire.

1787, September 17, federal constitution agreed on by convention.

1788, Federal constitution adopted by eleven States.

1789, March 4, George Washington elected President.

1789, April 30, inauguration of George Washington.

1790, District of Columbia ceded by Virginia and Maryland.

1790, May 29, constitution adopted by Rhode Island.

1791, March 4, Vermont admitted into the Union.

1791, Bank of the United States established.

1791, First folio Bible printed by Worcester of Massachusetts.

1792, June 1, Kentucky admitted into the Union.

1793, Washington re-elected President.

1793, Death of John Hancock.

1794, Insurrection in Pennsylvania.

1796, June 1, Tennessee admitted into the Union.

1796, December 7, Washington’s last speech to Congress.

1797, March 4, John Adams inaugurated President.

1798, Washington re-appointed commander-in-chief.

1799, December 14, death of George Washington.

1800, Seat of Government removed to Washington.

1800, May 13, disbanding of the provisional army.

1801, March 4, Thomas Jefferson inaugurated President.

1802, July 20, Louisiana ceded to France by Spain.

1803, February 19, Ohio admitted into the Union.

1803, April 30, Louisiana purchased by the United States.

1803, August, Commodore Preble bombards Tripoli.

1805, June 3, treaty of peace with Tripoli.

1806, Expedition of Louis and Clark to the mouth of the Columbia.

1807, June 22, attack on the frigate Chesapeake.

1807, July 2, interdict to armed British vessels.

1807, November 11, British orders in council.

1807, December, 17, Milan decree.

1807, December 22, embargo laid by the American government.

1808, January 1, slave trade abolished.

1808, April 17, Bayonne decree.

1809, March 1, embargo repealed.

1809, March 4, James Madison inaugurated President.

1810, March 23, Rambouillet decree.

1811, May 16, engagement between the frigate President and Little Belt.

1811, November 7, battle of Tippecanoe.

1812, April 3, embargo laid for ninety days.

1812, June 19, proclamation of war (war declared June 18).

1812, June 23, British orders in council repealed.

1812, August 15, surrender of Gen. Hull.

1812, Action between the frigates Constitution and Guerriere.

1812, November, defeat at Queenstown.

1812, Action between the Frolic and Wasp.

1812, Action between the United States and Macedonia.

1812, April 8, Louisana admitted into the Union.

1813, April 27, capture of York Upper Canada.

1813, May 27, battle of Fort George.

1813, June 1, Chesapeake captured by the Shannon.

1813, September 10, Perry’s victory on Lake Erie.

1813, October 5, battle of Thames.

1813, December 13, Buffalo burnt.

1814, March 28, action between the frigates Essex and Phœbe.

1814, July 5, battle of Chippawa.

1814, July 25, battle of Bridgewater.

1814, August, Washington City captured, and capitol burnt.

1814, August 9-11, Stonington bombarded.

1814, August 11, McDonough’s victory on Lake Champlain.

1814, September 12, battle near Baltimore.

1814, December 24, treaty of Ghent signed.

1814, December 25, battle of New Orleans.

1815, February 27, treaty of Ghent ratified by the President.

1815, March, war declared with Algiers.

1817, March 4, James Monroe, inaugurated President.

1817, December 10, Mississippi admitted into the Union.

1818, December 3, Illinois admitted into the Union.

1819, December 14, Alabama admitted into the Union.

1820, March 15, Maine admitted into the Union.

1821, July 1, Jackson takes possession of Florida.

1821, August 10, Missouri admitted into the Union.

1821, First settlement of Liberia.

1824, March 13, convention with Great Britain for suppression of the slave trade.

1824, April 5, convention with Russia, in relation to the Northwest boundary.

1824, August 13, arrival of Gen. Lafayette.

1825, March 4, John Quincy Adams inaugurated President.

1825, September 7, departure of Gen. Lafayette.

1826, July 4, death of Presidents Adams and Jefferson.

1829, February 20, resolutions passed by the Virginia House of Delegates, denying the right of Congress to pass the tariff bill.

1829, March 4, Andrew Jackson inaugurated President.

1829, May 2, hail fell in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, to the depth of twelve inches.

1829, May 17, death of John Jay, Bedford, New York.

1829, September 15, slavery abolished in Mexico.

1829, November 9, separation of Yucatan from Mexico, and union with Republic of Central America.

1829, December 4, revolution commenced in Mexico.

1830, January 20, General Bolivar resigns his military and civil commissions.

1830, January 27, city of Guatemala nearly destroyed by earthquakes.

1830, April 4, Yucatan declares its independence.

1831, January 12, remarkable eclipse of the sun.

1831, July 4th, death of James Monroe.

1831, October 1, free trade convention at Philadelphia.

1831, October 26, tariff convention at New York.

1832, February 6, attack on Qualla Battoo, in Sumatra, by United States frigate Potomac.

1832, June 8, cholera breaks out at Quebec, in Canada; being its first appearance in America.

1832, August 27, capture of Black Hawk.

1832, September 26, University of New York organized.

1832, November, union and State rights convention of South Carolina.

1832, December 28, John C. Calhoun resigns the office of Vice-President.

1833, March 2, new tariff bill signed by the President.

1833, March 4, Andrew Jackson inaugurated President for a second term.

1833, March 11, State rights convention of South Carolina.

1833, March 29, Santa Anna elected President of Mexico.

1833, May 16, Santa Anna inaugurated President of Mexico.

1833, October 1, public deposits removed from the bank of the United States, by order of General Jackson.

1833, November 13, remarkable meteoric showers in the United States.

1834, March 28, vote of censure by the Senate against Gen. Jackson for removing the deposits.

1835, April 18, French indemnity bill passes the Chamber of Deputies.

1835, December 16, great fire in New York.

1836, April 21, battle of San Jacinto, in Texas.

1836, June 14, Arkansas admitted in the Union.

1836, December 15, burning of the general post office and patent office at Washington.

1837, January 26, Michigan admitted into the Union.

1837, March 4, Martin Van Buren, inaugurated President of the United States.

1840, January 19, Antarctic continent discovered by the United States exploring expedition.

1840, June 30, sub-treasury bill becomes a law.

1841, March 4, William Henry Harrison inaugurated President of the United States.

1841, April 4, death of President Harrison.

1841, August 9, sub-treasury bill repealed.

1841, August 18, bankrupt act becomes a law.

1843, March 3, bankrupt act repealed.

1843, June 17, Bunker Hill monument celebration.

1845, March 1, Texas annexed to the United States.

1845, March 3, Florida admitted into the Union.

1845, March 4, James K. Polk, inaugurated President.

1845, June 18, death of Andrew Jackson.

1845, December, 24, Texas admitted into the Union.

1846, May 8, battle of Palo Alto, on the Rio Grande.

1846, May 9, battle of Resaca de la Palma on the Rio Grande.

1846, May 13, proclamation of war existing with Mexico.

1846, June 18, United States Senate advise the President to confirm the Oregon treaty with Great Britain.

1846, July 28, new United States tariff bill passed.

1846, August 3, President Polk vetoes the river and harbor bill.

1846, August 6, revolution in Mexico in favor of Santa Anna.

1846, August 8, President Polk vetoes the French spoliation bill.

1846, August 10, Congress adjourns.

1846, August 18, Brigadier General Kearney, of the United States army, takes possession of Santa Fe.

1846, August 19, Commodore Stockton blockades the Mexican ports on the Pacific.

1846, September 21, 22, 23, battles of Monterey, Mexico.

1846, September 26, California expedition with Col. Stevenson’s regiment of 780 officers and men, sails from New York.

1846, October 25, Tabasco in Mexico, bombarded by Commodore Perry.

1846, November 14, Commodore Conner takes Tampico.

1846, December 6, General Kearney defeats the Mexicans at San Pasqual.

1846, December 25, Colonel Doniphan defeats the Mexicans at Brazito, near El Paso.

1846, December 28, Iowa admitted into the Union.

1847, January 8, Mexican Congress resolves to raise fifteen millions of dollars on the property of the clergy for the war with the United States.

1847, January 8-9, battles of San Gabriel and Mesa, in California, fought by General Kearney, who defeats the Mexicans.

1847, January 14, revolt of the Mexicans in New Mexico against the United States authorities.

1847, January 24, battle of Canada, in New Mexico; Mexicans defeated by the Americans under Colonel Price.

1847, February 22-23, battle of Buena Vista--Mexicans 21,000 in number, under General Santa Anna, defeated by 4,500 Americans under General Taylor.

1847, February 28, battle of Sacramento--Colonel Doniphan, with 924 Americans defeats 4,000 Mexicans.

1847, March 1, General Kearney declares California a part of the United States.

1847, March 20, city and castle of Vera Cruz taken by the army and navy of the United States, under General Scott and Commodore Perry.

1847, April 2, Alvarado taken by the Americans under Lieutenant Hunter.

1847, April 18, battle of Cerro Gordo. Mexicans under Santa Anna defeated by the Americans under General Scott.

1847, April 18, Tuspan in Mexico taken by Commodore Perry.

1847, May 1, Smithsonian Institution at Washington, corner-stone laid.

1847, August 20, battle of Contreras and Churubusco, in Mexico. Mexicans defeated by Americans under General Smith, part of General Scott’s command.

1847, August 31, new constitution of Illinois adopted by State Convention.

1847, September 8, battle of Molina del Rey, near the city of Mexico. The Americans under General Worth (part of Scott’s command) defeated the Mexicans under General Santa Anna.

1847, September 12-14, battle of Chapultepec, near Mexico; the Americans, under Generals Scott, Worth, Pillow and Quitman, defeat the Mexicans under Santa Anna. General Scott and American army enter the city of Mexico on the 14th.

1847, September 13 to October 12, siege of Puebla, held by the Americans against the Mexicans. The latter repulsed by the former under Colonel Childs.

1847, October 9, the city of Huamantla, in Mexico, taken by the Americans under General Lane.

1847, October 20, part of Guayamas, in Mexico, bombarded and captured by the Americans.

1847, December 31, the several Mexican states occupied by the American army placed under military contributions.

1848, January 27, a national convention to nominate president and vice-president called by the Whig members of Congress. At an adjourned meeting it was resolved that the convention meet at Independence Hall, Philadelphia.

1848, February 18, by a general order, Major-General Scott turns over the command of the U. S. army in Mexico to Major-General Butler.

1848, May 22-26, the Democratic National Convention at Baltimore nominate General Louis Cass, of Michigan, for President, and General William O. Butler, of Kentucky, for Vice-President.

1848, May 25, Major-General Scott received by the municipal authorities of the city of New York.

1848, May 29, Wisconsin admitted into the Union.

1848, May 30, treaty of peace between the United States and Mexico, which had been signed at Guadalupe Hidalgo, February 2, 1848, afterwards modified at Washington, and confirmed by the Mexican Congress, ratified by the American commissioners, Sevier and Clifford, and Mexican minister of foreign relations, Don Luis de la Rosa. It was proclaimed in the United States July 4, 1848.

1848, June 7, 8, the Whig National Convention meet at Philadelphia, and on the second day, fourth ballot, nominate General Zachary Taylor for President, and, on second ballot, Hon. Millard Fillmore for Vice-President.

1848, June 22, 23, Democratic Convention at Utica, New York, nominate Martin Van Buren for President, and Henry Dodge (who declined June 29) for Vice-President.

1848, July 4, corner-stone of monument to General Washington, laid at the city of Washington, oration by Hon. Robert C. Winthrop, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives.

1848, August 13, Oregon territorial bill, with prohibition of slavery, passed by Congress.

1848, August 9, 10, Free Soil Convention at Buffalo nominate Martin Van Buren, of New York, for President, and Charles Francis Adams, of Massachusetts, for Vice-President. Sixteen states were represented by delegates.

1848, August 14, adjournment of the 30th Congress, first session.

1848, August 17, destructive fire at Albany, New York.

1848, September 9, destructive fire at Brooklyn, New York.

1848, November 7, presidential election.

1848, December 4, meeting of the 30th Congress, second session.

1848, December 6, Taylor and Fillmore elected President and Vice-President by the electoral colleges.

1849, March 5, inauguration of Zachary Taylor as President, and of Millard Fillmore as Vice-President, of the United States.

1849, May 15, the cholera breaks out in New York.

1849, May 17, great fire at St. Louis.

1849, August 11, General Taylor, president of the United States, issues his proclamation against the armed expedition fitting out for Cuba.

1849, August 21, citizens of Santa Fe county, New Mexico, meet to organize a territorial government.

1849, August 31, convention of delegates, called by General Riley, of the United States army, to frame a state constitution for California, meet at Monterey.

1849, September 4, California convention organize.

1849, October 10, annexation to United States memorial, at Montreal, Canada, signed by over 300 citizens of Canada.

1849, October 10, initial point of the boundary line between the United States and Mexico settled, and a monument with inscriptions erected Lat. 32 deg. 31 min. 59 sec. 58, and Long. 119 deg. 35 min. 0 sec. 15, west from Greenwich.

1849, October 16, convention of delegates from fourteen states in favor of a national railroad from the Mississippi to the Pacific, meet at St. Louis, and issue an address. Senator Douglas, of Illinois, presides.

1849, October 16, Mr. Chatfield takes possession of the island of Tigre, in the state of Honduras, in the name of the British Queen.

1849, November 1, the first territorial legislature of Minnesota closes its sitting of sixty days.

1849, November 19, the survey of the boundary line between Pennsylvania, Delaware and Maryland, comprising a greater part of Mason and Dixon’s line, is completed.

1849, December 2, first session of 31st Congress commences.

1849, December 21, House of Representatives organized by the selection of Howell Cobb as speaker, on the sixty-third trial.

1850, January 9, the British government announce to Lord Elgin, Governor General of Canada, their determination to maintain the connection of Canada with Great Britain.

1850, January 15, the Hungarian exiles call on President Taylor, and the usual interchange of civilities takes place.

1850, January 19, the Spanish minister at Washington complains to the Secretary of State of the Cuban juntos at New York, New Orleans and Washington.

1850, February 12, the original manuscript of Washington’s Farewell Address is sold at auction, by the heirs of Mr. Claypole, printer, and purchased by James Lenox, Esq., of New York, for $2,300.

1850, February 22, President Taylor attends the laying of the corner-stone of the Virginia monument to Washington, at Richmond.

1850, April 20, the people of Santa Fe county, New Mexico, hold a convention and request the military governor of New Mexico, Col. John Monroe, to call upon the citizens to elect members for a convention to form a State constitution.

1850, April 27, Collins line of steam packets goes into operation. The steamer Atlantic sails from New York for Liverpool.

1850, May 7, a meeting of southern members of both Houses of Congress is held at Washington, and reports an address to the people of the Southern states.

1850, May 23, two vessels, the Advance and Rescue, fitted out by Mr. Henry Grinnell, of New York, to search for Sir John Franklin in the Arctic seas, sail from New York.

1850, June 3, a southern convention of delegates meet at Nashville, Tennessee, to consult on the slavery question agitated in the North and in Congress. They afterward issue an address, and adjourn, after a short session.

1850, June 14, great fire at San Francisco, California, destroys three hundred buildings.

1850, July 1, Governor Bell, of Texas, calls a special session of the legislature on the boundary question, to meet on the 12th of August.

1850, July 9, death of President Taylor; great fire in Philadelphia.

1850, July 31, railroad convention at Portland, Maine, in favor of a railroad to Halifax, through the British provinces.

1850, August 12, the legislature of Texas meet at Austin, and assume hostile attitude on the boundary question; which, however, is afterwards settled by the action of Congress.

1850, September 9, California admitted into the Union.

1850, September 9, Texas boundary bill passed by Congress.

1850, September 9, New Mexico and Utah bills passed.

1850, September 18, fugitive slave act passed.

1850, September 20, act for the suppression of the slave trade in the District of Columbia, passed.

1850, September 30, thirty-first Congress adjourns after a session of 302 days.

1850, October 7, Indiana convention, for amending the State Constitution, assembles at Indianapolis.

1850, October 14, Virginia convention, for amending the State Constitution, assembles at Richmond.

1850, October 23, a woman’s rights convention is held at Rochester, Massachusetts.

1850, October 26, great union meeting at Dayton, Ohio.

1850, October 30, great union meeting at Castle Garden, New York.

1850, November 1, the mortal remains of the late President Taylor deposited in the family cemetery near Louisville, Kentucky.

1850, November 4, Maryland convention, to amend the State Constitution, meets at Annapolis.

1850, November 6, New Hampshire convention, to amend the State Constitution, meets at Concord.

1850, November 11, Southern States Rights Convention meets at Nashville, Tennessee.

1850, November 31, great union meeting at Philadelphia.

1850, December 16, great union meeting at Bath, Maine.

1851, April 25, President Fillmore issues his proclamation against Cuban expeditions.

1851, May 3, great fire at San Francisco, California. Nearly two thousand five hundred buildings destroyed, and several lives lost.

1851, May 8, South Carolina Southern Rights Convention meets at Charleston, and resolves for a dissolution of the Union.

1851, June 22, another great fire at San Francisco, which lays a large portion of the city in ashes.

1851. August 3, expedition against Cuba, under General Lopez, sails from New Orleans.

1851, August 29, convention of delegates at Lewis county, Oregon, memorialize Congress for a division of the territory into two governments.

1851, September to, the steam-frigate Mississippi, by order of the United States government, received Kossuth, ex-Governor of Hungary, and suite on board, at the Dardanelles, from a Turkish frigate.

1851, October 22, President Fillmore issues his proclamation against a private military expedition against Mexico.

1851, November 10, the United States steamer Mississippi arrives in New York with the exiled companions of Kossuth, forty-two in number, Kossuth having remained to visit England on his way to the United States.

1851, December 6, Kossuth, ex-Governor of Hungary, arrives in New York from England, and is honored with a public reception.

1851, December 24, library of Congress, at Washington, destroyed by fire.

1851, December 31, Kossuth formally received at Washington by President Fillmore.

1852, January 5, Kossuth publicly received by Congress.

1852, June 24, first national agricultural convention, representing twenty-two states, assembles at Washington.

1852, July 5, Louisiana convention, for revising the State Constitution, assembles at Baton Rouge.

1852, July 16, Kossuth leaves New York for Liverpool, on his return to Europe.

1852, August 31, thirty-second Congress, first session, adjourns.

1852, December 1, Mr. Everett, secretary of state, declines, on the part of the United States government, the tripartite convention respecting Cuba, proposed by England and France.

1852, December 20, William R. King, on account of ill health, resigns his office of president _pro tem._ of the Senate.

1853, February 9, votes for President and Vice-President opened and counted in Congress. Pierce and King are declared duly elected for four years from March 4.

1853, February 25, President Fillmore convened the Senate, by proclamation, for twelve o’clock on the 4th of March, instead of eleven o’clock, as by a former proclamation, the present senate deeming that their term does not expire until noon of that day.

1853, March 4, inauguration of Franklin Pierce as President of the United States.

1853, March 24, William R. King is sworn in as Vice-President at Cumbre, near Matanzas, on the island of Cuba, Consul Sharkey administering the oath.

1853, April 30, Delaware state convention adopt a new constitution and adjourn after a session of fifty-five days. The constitution was rejected by the people October 11, 1853.

1853, May 4, Massachusetts state convention, to revise the constitution, meets at Boston. It adjourns August 1, having framed a state constitution, which was rejected by the votes of the people.

1853, June 6, a southern convention assembles at Memphis, Tennessee.

1853, June 21, Martin Koszta, a Hungarian refugee, who had declared his intentions to become a citizen of the United States, being seized by the officers of an Austrian brig-of-war in the harbor of Smyrna, in Turkey, is rescued by Captain Ingraham, of the United States sloop-of-war St. Louis.

1853, July 8, the United States expedition to Japan, under Commodore Perry, arrives at Japan. He lands on the 14th, and delivers to the Japanese authorities a letter to the emperor from the President of the United States, and a few days after leaves the islands, intending to return to Japan the following year.

1853, July 14, the Crystal Palace, or exhibition of the arts of all nations, is opened at New York, in presence of the President of the United States and other dignitaries, attended by a large audience.

1853, August 29, Mr. Hulsemann, the Austrian minister at Washington, addresses a note to the American government, complaining of Captain Ingraham’s conduct in the affair of the release of Koszta at Smyrna; to which the secretary of state, Mr. Marcy, afterward replied in justification of Capt. Ingraham.

1854, Treaty with Japan.

1854, Kansas-Nebraska bill passed.

1857, March 4, James Buchanan inaugurated President; John C. Breckinridge inaugurated Vice-President.

1858, May 11, Minnesota admitted into the Union.

1859, February 14, Oregon admitted into the Union.

1859, John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry.

1860, December 20, Secession of South Carolina.

1860, Population of the United States 31,443,322.

1861, January 9, Secession of Mississippi.

1861, January 10, Secession of Alabama and Florida.

1861, January 19, Secession of Georgia.

1861, January 26, Secession of Louisiana.

1861, January 29, Kansas admitted into the Union.

1861, February 1, Secession of Texas.

1861, February 4, Southern Confederacy formed. Jefferson Davis elected President, and Alexander H. Stephens Vice-President of the Confederate States.

1861, March 4, Abraham Lincoln inaugurated President of the United States. Hannibal Hamlin inaugurated Vice-President.

1861, April 12, Fort Sumter fired upon.

1861, April 13, Fort Sumter surrendered.

1861, April 18, Harper’s Ferry seized.

1861, April 21, Norfolk Navy Yard seized.

1861, April 25, Secession of Virginia.

1861, May 6, Secession of Arkansas.

1861, May 20, Secession of North Carolina.

1861, June 8, Secession of Tennessee.

1861, July 5, battle near Carthage, Missouri.

1861, July 11, battle of Rich Mountain, Virginia.

1861, July 14, battle at Carrick’s Ford, Virginia.

1861, July 20, Confederate Congress met at Richmond, Virginia.

1861, July 21, battle of Bull Run, Virginia.

1861, August 10, battle of Wilson’s Creek, Missouri.

1861, August 29, forts at Hatteras Inlet captured.

1861, September 20, Lexington, Missouri, captured by the Confederates.

1861, October 21, battle at Ball’s Bluff, Virginia.

1861, November 7, battle of Belmont, Missouri.

1861, November 7, Port Royal, South Carolina, captured.

1861, November 8, seizure of Mason and Slidell.

1862, February 6, capture of Fort Henry, Tennessee.

1862, February 8, capture of Roanoke Island, North Carolina.

1862, February 16, capture of Fort Donelson.

1862, May 7-8, battle of Pea Ridge, Arkansas.

1862, March 8, the Merrimac sinks the Cumberland and Congress.

1862, March 9, the Merrimac checked by the Monitor.

1862, March 14, capture of New Berne, North Carolina.

1862, March 23, battle at Winchester, Virginia.

1862, April 4, McClellan commenced his Peninsula campaign.

1862, April 7, battle of Shiloh.

1862, April 7, Island No. 10 captured.

1862, April 11, Fort Pulaski, Georgia, surrendered.

1862, April 25, New Orleans captured.

1862, April 25, Beaufort, South Carolina, captured.

1862, April 28, Forts St. Philip and Jackson, Louisiana, captured.

1862, May 4, capture of Yorktown, Virginia.

1862, May 5, battle of Williamsburg, Virginia.

1862, May 10, Norfolk, Virginia, captured by General Wool.

1862, May 30, Corinth, Mississippi, captured.

1862, May 31, and June 1, battle of Fair Oaks.

1862, June 3, Lee assumed command of the Confederate army before Richmond.

1862, June 6, surrender of Memphis, Tennessee.

1862, June 25, Seven Days battles commenced.

1862, August 9, battle at Cedar Mountain.

1862, August 30, second battle of Bull Run.

1862, September 5, Lee invaded Maryland.

1862, September 14, battle of South Mountain, Maryland.

1862, September 15, Stonewall Jackson captured Harper’s Ferry.

1862, September 17, battle of Antietam.