Chapter I (3)

[11] See the account of Père Laribe’s voyage on this river in 1843, _Annales de la Propagation de la Foi_, Tome XVII., pp. 207, 286, ff. _Five Months on the Yang-tsze_, by Capt. Thos. W. Blakiston; London, 1862. Pumpelly’s _Researches_, chap. ii., pp. 4-10. Capt. Gill, _The River of Golden Sand_.

[12] Staunton’s _Embassy_, Vol. III., p. 233. Blakiston’s _Yang-tsze_, p. 294, etc. _Chinese Repository_, Vol. II., p. 316.

[13] Prejevalsky, _From Kulja Across the Tien shan to Lob-nor_, p. 99.

[14] _Chinese Repository_, Vol. V., p. 337; Vol. X., pp. 351, 371. Williams’ _Chinese Commercial Guide_, fifth edition, second part, 1863.

[15] Rémusat (_Nouveaux Mélanges_, Tome I., p. 9) adds a fourth basin, that of the Sagalien. The latter, however, scarcely deserves the name, having so many interrupting cross-chains.

[16] _Penny Cyclopædia_, Vol. VII., p. 74. McCulloch’s _Geographical Dictionary_, Vol. I., p. 596.

[17] Yule’s _Marco Polo_, Vol. II., p. 136.

[18] _Sketches of China_, Vol. I., p. 245.

[19] Klaproth, _Mémoires_, Tome III., p. 312 _sqq._ De Guignes’ _Voyages à Peking_, Tome II., p. 195. Davis’s _Sketches_, Vol. I., _passim_.

[20] _Voyages à Peking_, Vol. II., p. 214. Compare the letter of a Jesuit missionary (_Annales de la Foi_, Tome VII., p. 377), who describes houses of rest on the wayside. These singular road-gullies of the loess region have been very thoroughly examined by Baron von Richthofen, from whose work the cut above is taken.

[21] _Penny Cyclopædia_, Vol. XXVII., p. 656.

[22] _Chinese Repository_, Vol. XIV., p. 105. _Shanghai Journal_, No. III., 1859. _Journal of Indian Archipelago_, 1852. _Missionary Recorder_, Vol. III., pp. 33, 62, 149, etc. T. T. Cooper, _Travels of a Pioneer of Commerce_, passim.

[23] For observations on the Chinese as compared with other nations, see Schlegel’s _Philosophy of History_, p. 118, Bohn’s edition.