Chapter V: Population and Statistics, 258-295

Interest and difficulties of this subject, 258; Ma Twan-lin’s
study of the censuses, 260; Tables of various censuses, 263;
These estimates considered in detail, 265; Four of these are
reliable, 269; Evidence in their favor, 270; Comparative
population-density of Europe and China, 272; Proportion of
arable and unproductive land, 274; Sources and kinds of food
in China, 276; Tendencies toward increase of population, 277;
Obstacles to emigration, 278; Government care of the people,
280; Density of population near Canton, _ibid._; Mode of taking
the census under Kublai khan, 281; Present method, 282; Reasons
for admitting the Chinese census, 285; Two objections to its
acceptance, 286; Unsatisfactory statistics of revenue in China,
289; Revenue of Kwangtung Province, 290; Estimates of Medhurst,
De Guignes, and others, 291; Principal items of expenditure,
292; Pay of military and civil officers, 293; The land tax, 294.