Chapter XVIII: Appendix: 407 (1)

A list of the principal stocks or families, tribes, and many sub-tribes of the North American Amerinds, based on the linguistic classification of the U. S. Bureau of Ethnology, as given in the _Seventh Annual Report_; on Brinton’s classification in his _The American Race_, on Mason’s “Linguistic Families of Mexico,” in the _American Anthropologist_, N. S., vol. ii., No. 1; in _Mexico_, Washington, 1900, Bureau of American Republics; Dall’s Tribes of the Extreme Northwest, _Contributions to North American Ethnology_, vol. i.; James Mooney’s _Siouan Tribes of the East_; and on lists in the _Bibliographies_ of James C. Pilling, with tribal names from other sources.

+List of Stocks and Sub-Stocks+[408]

The abbreviations are the ones used in the alphabetical list of tribes. By referring back from that list to this, the linguistic affinity and general geographical location of a tribe may be determined. The author has added the term “+Hopitan+” as a sub-stock of the +Shoshonean+ to designate the group of Hopi tribes, which, while showing strong linguistic affinity, are otherwise, like the +Piman+ and +Nahuatlan+, so markedly separated in habits from the true +Shoshonean+ stock that an individual classification for them seems desirable. As the +Hopitan+ are ranked as +Shoshonean+ in the general scheme the harmony of the classification is not interfered with. +Puebloan+ is also given as a comprehensive descriptive term for all the permanent house-building tribes, regardless of linguistic affinities, or ancient or modern existence. This is necessary because it is not possible to assign a linguistic place to the former occupants of ruins like those of the Chaco, yet it is settled that they were of a kind with the other town builders. Thus, also, the Cliff-dwellers may be conveniently classed under this head. Tusayan and Cibola, as applied respectively to the +Hopitan+ and the +Zuñian+, should never be used, for the reason that it is not certain that these are the places that were so designated by Coronado in 1540. The author believes they were not seen by Coronado.[409] It is in the interest of accuracy to avoid these unnecessary designations, which confuse ethnological and geographical matters.

_Ada._ +Adaizan.+ Western Louisiana.

_Alq._ +Algonquian.+ North-east third of the continent, from
Tennessee and Montana.

_Ath._ +Athapascan.+ North-west part of the continent, and from the
Utah-Colorado line southward into Mexico. There are also some
small groups on the Pacific coast in south-western Oregon and
north-western California.

_Att._ +Attacapan.+ Southern Louisiana.

_Beo._ +Beothukan.+ Northern Newfoundland. Extinct. Formerly all
Newfoundland.

_Cad._ +Caddoan.+ Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, and North Dakota.

_Crb._ +Caribbean.+ Caribbean Islands and British Honduras. Also
probably Florida and S. E. United States at a very early period.

_Cpn._ +Chapanecan.+ Chiapas, Mexico.

_Chi._ +Chimakuan.+ North-west Washington.

_Chrk._ +Chimarikan.+ Northern California.

_Chyn._ +Chimmesyan.+ British Columbia, near Dixon Entrance, and the
neighbouring Annette Island, in Alaska.

_Cit._ +CHINANTECAN.+ Oaxaca, Mexico.

_Chik._ +Chinookan.+ Lower portion of the Columbia River.

_Cht._ +Chitimachan.+ Southern Louisiana.

_Chon._ +Chontal.+ See Zap., My., Tqs., also Tzental.

_Chm._ +Chumashan.+ Southern California coast.

_Coh._ +COAHUILTECAN.+ Lower valley of the Rio Grande del Norte,
adjacent to the Gulf of Mexico.

_Cop._ +Copehan.+ Northern California.

_Cso._ +Cusaboan.+ Coast of South Carolina; possibly mainly related
to the Muskhogean. It is a group title. See Gp.

_Cost._ +Costanoan.+ California, south of the Golden Gate.

_Dak._ +Dakota.+ See Siu.

_E. Siu._ +Siouan of the East.+ Same as Siu.

_Esk._ +Eskimauan.+ From Prince William Sound, Alaska, all along the
northern coasts, islands, and inlets to Hudson Bay, Greenland,
and northern Newfoundland.

_Alk. Esk._ Alaska Eskimo.

_Alu. Esk._ Aleut Eskimo. Aleutian Islands.

_Gr. Esk._ Greenland Eskimo.

_Lab. Esk._ Labrador Eskimo.

_M. Esk._ Middle or Central Eskimo. North of Hudson Bay.

_Gp._ +Group title.+ Several tribes of different stocks classed
erroneously together.

_Gua._ +Guatusoan.+ Nicaragua.

_Ess._ +ESSELENIAN.+ South coast of California.

_Hai._ +Haida.+ See Skit.

_Hua._ +Huavan.+ Isthmus of Tehuantepec.

_Ho._ +Hopitan.+ North-east Arizona. Classed as Shoshonean.

_Ir._ +Iroquoian.+ Around lakes Erie and Ontario, and down the St.
Lawrence as far as Quebec; along the Susquehanna and its
branches as far as the mouth, and also a belt through northern
Georgia, eastern Tennessee, western North Carolina, and
southern Virginia.

_Kal._ +Kalapooian.+ Western Oregon.

_Kar._ +Karankawan.+ Southern Texas. Extinct.

_Kers._ +Keresan.+ Northern New Mexico.

_Kio._ +Kiowan.+ Indian Territory, formerly in the Platte valley.

_Kit._ +Kitunahan.+ British Columbia and Oregon.

_Kols._ +Koluschan.+ Dixon Entrance to Prince William Sound, Alaska.

_Kuln._ +Kulanapan.+ North-western California.

_Kus._ +Kusan.+ Western Oregon.

_Ln._ +Lencan.+ Honduras.

_Lut._ +Lutuamian.+ Southern Oregon and northern California.

_Mar._ +Mariposan.+ Southern California.

_Mgn._ +Matagalpan.+ Nicaragua.

_My._ +Mayan.+ Northern border of Honduras to Isthmus of Tehuantepec.

_Mex._ +Mexicana.+ See Nah.

_Mixt._ +Mixteca.+ See Zap.

_Mo._ +Moquelumnan.+ Central California.

_Mus._ +Muskhogean.+ Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, northern Florida,
and western Tennessee.

_Nah._ +Nahuan.+ See +Nahuatlan+.

_Nah._ +Nahuatlan.+ Southern portion of Mexico and parts of Central
America. Classed as Shoshonean.

_Nah._ +Nahuatlaca.+ See +Nahuatlan+.

_Nat._ +Natchesan.+ Northern Louisiana, western Mississippi. Now in
Indian Territory.

_Ot._ +Otomian.+ Central Mexico.

_Pal._ +Palaihnihan.+ North-eastern California.

_Pa._ +Pani.+ See Cad.

_Pim._ +Piman.+ The Sonoran region of Mexico, and southern Arizona.
Classed as Shoshonean.

_Pbl._ +Puebloan.+ See Ho., Kers., Pim., Tan., Zun., etc. Northern
Mexico and the south-western part of the United States. The
stone and adobe house building tribes.

_Puj._ +Pujunan.+ North-eastern California.

_Qrs._ +Queres.+ See Kers.

_Qor._ +Quoratean.+ Northern California.

_Sli._ +Salinan.+ Southern California coast.

_Salh._ +Salishan.+ North-west Oregon, northern Washington, northern
Idaho, western Montana, south-western British Columbia.

_Sas._ +Sastean.+ Northern California.

_Ser._ +Serian.+ Tiburon Island and adjacent coast of Mexico.

_Shap._ +Shahaptian.+ South-east Washington, north-west Oregon,
western Idaho.

_Sho._ +Shoshonean.+ Southern Texas to northern Montana and north
of the Colorado River, west to the Sierra Nevada. In southern
California through to the Pacific. Under Shoshonean are
classed by some authorities not only the true Shoshonean but
the Nahuatlan, Piman, and Hopitan. Including the Piman and
Nahuatlan the stock range would extend throughout Mexico and to
parts of Central America.

_Siu._ +Siouan.+ Continuously from northern Louisiana to the province
of Saskatchewan, eastward to the Mississippi, and in Wisconsin
as far as Lake Michigan. Westward to the eastern boundaries of
Colorado and Idaho. There were also formerly a number of tribes
of this stock in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia.
See E. Siu.

_Skit._ +Skittagetan.+ Queen Charlotte Island, North-west coast.

_Sub._ +Subtiaban.+ Nicaragua.

_Tak._ +Takilman.+ South-west Oregon.

_Tan._ +Tañoan.+ Valley of the Rio Grande del Norte, New Mexico.

_Tar._ +Tarascan.+ Michoacan, Mexico.

_Tqs._ +Tequistlatecan.+ Oaxaca, Mexico.

_Te._ +Tewan+ or +Tehuan+. See Tan.

_Tim._ +Timuquanan.+ Florida.

_Tl._ +Tlinkit.+ See Kols.

_Tkn._ +Tonikan.+ Eastern Louisiana and western Mississippi.

_Tow._ +Tonkawan.+ Western and southern Texas.

_Tot._ +Totonacan.+ State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.

_Tzl._ +Tzental.+ Tabasco, Mexico. See also Chon.

_Uch._ +Uchean.+ Georgia.

_Ulv._ +Ulvan.+ Honduras.

_Un._ +Unidentified.+ Region, state, or possible affinity following.

_Uto-Az._ +Uto-Aztecan.+ See Ho., Nah., Pim., Sho.

_Wlp._ +Waiilatpuan.+ North-east Oregon.

_Wak._ +Wakashan.+ Coast of British Columbia.

_Wash._ +Washoan.+ Eastern California; western Nevada.

_Wei._ +Weitspekan.+ North-west California; south-west Oregon.

_Wish._ +Wishoskan.+ North-west California.

_Ykn._ +Yakonan.+ Coast of Oregon.

_Yan._ +Yanan.+ Northern California.

_Yuk._ +Yukian.+ Western California.

_Yma._ +Yuman.+ Arizona, southern California, and Lower California.

_Zap._ +Zapotecan.+ Southern Mexico.

_Zo._ +Zoquean.+ Chiapas and Oaxaca, Mexico.

_Zun._ +Zuñian.+ Western New Mexico.

+List of Tribes+

The stocks are also included and are printed in capitals. In order to facilitate reference several titles of the same tribe are sometimes given.

Abbāto-tenā. _Ath._
Abnaki. _Alq._
Absáruqe. _Siu._
Acadiau. _Alq._
Acaxees. _Nah._
Acconeechy. _E. Siu._
Acha. _Pbl._
Achē’to-tin’neh. _Ath._
Achis. _My._
Achomâwi. _Pal._
Acolhua. _Nah._
Acoma. _Kers._
Acomita. _Kers._
Acquera. _Tim._
Acxoteca. _Nah._
Adahi. _Ada._
Adáí. _Ada._
+Adaizan.+ _Ada._
Adaize. _Ada._
Adees. _Ada._
Adshusheer. _E. Siu._
Aggomiut. _M. Esk._
Agualulco. _Nah._
Aguateca. _My._
Aguile. _Tim._
Agutit. _M. Esk._
Ahaknanelet. _M. Esk._
Ahántchuyuk. _Kal._
Ahome. _Pim._
Ahowsaht. _Wak._
Aht. _Wak._
Ahtena. _Ath._
Aicale. _My._
Aivillirmiut. _M. Esk._
Aiyan. _Ath._
Ajoye. _My._
Akansea. _Siu._
Akbat. _Gr. Esk._
Akenatzy. _E. Siu._
Akoklako. _Kit._
Akorninak. _Gr. Esk._
Akudliarmiut. _M. Esk._
Akudnirmiut. _M. Esk._
Alaguilac. _Nah._
Alame. _My._
Alasapa. _Coh._
Aleut. _Alu. Esk._
Algonkin. _Alq._
+Algonquian.+ _Alq._
Algonquin. _Alq._
Alibamu. _Mus._
Aliche. _Cad._
Alikwa. _Wei._
Alimacani. _Tim._
Alsea. _Ykn._
Altatin. _Ath._
Aluik. _Gr. Esk._
Amitormiut. _M. Esk._
Amuchgo. _Zap._
Amusgo. _Zap._
Anaddakka. _Cad._
Anani. _E. Siu._
Anarnitsok. _Gr. Esk._
Anasitch. _Kus._
Andaste. _Ir._
Angmagsalik. _Gr. Esk._
Annocchy. _E. Siu._
Anouala. _Tim._
Apache. _Ath._
Apalachi. _Mus._
Appalou. _Tim._
Aquamish. _Wak._
Aquonena. _Tim._
Arapaho. _Alq._
Arctic Highlander. _Gr. Esk._
Ariquipa. _Ath._
Arikara. } _Cad._
Arikaree.}
Aripa. _Yma._
Arispa. _Pim.?_
Arivaipa. _Ath._
Arkansa. _Siu._
Arra-arra. _Qor._
Arvillirmiut. _M. Esk._
Aseguang. _Skit._
Ashochimi. _Yuk._
Asomoches. _Alq._
Assinaboin. _Siu._
Assinai. _Cad._
Assiwikales. _Alq._
Astina. _Tim._
Ătaăkût not Ā]. _Ath._
Atakwa. _E. Siu._
Atai. _Ada._
Ateacari. _Nah._
Atfálati. _Kal._
Athabascan. _Ath._
Athapacca. _Ath._
Athapasca. _Ath._
+Athapascan.+ _Ath._
Atka. _Alu. Esk._
Atnah (1). _Salh._
Atnah (2). _Ath._
Atore. _Tim._
Attacapa. _Att._
+Attacapan.+ _Att._
Atuamih. _Pal._
Auk. _Kols._
Awani. _Mo._
Axion. _Alq._
Ayankēld. _Kal._
Ayapai. _Mar._
Ayhuttisaht. _Wak._
Aztec. _Nah._

Babiocora. _Pim._
Backhooks. _E. Siu._
Baiyu. _Puj._
Balló Kai Pomo. _Kuln._
Baluxa. _E. Siu._
Bannock. _Sho._
Basirora. _Pim._
Basisa. _Tim._
Batemdikáyi. _Kuln._
Batucari. _Pim._
Batuco. _Pim._
Beaver. _Ath._
Belbellah. _Wak._
Bellacoola. _Salh._
Benixono. _Zap._
Beothuk. _Beo._
+Beothukan.+ _Beo._
Bethuck. _Beo._
Biara. _Pim._
Bilkula. _Salh._
Biloxi. _E. Siu._
Binukhsh. _Siu._
Blackfeet. _Siu._ (_See_ Sihasapa.)
Blackfeet. _Alq._ (_See_ Siksika.)
Blood Indians. _Alq._
Boka. _Puj._
Bollanos. _Mo._
Braba. _Pbl._
Brulé. _Siu._
Bulbul. _Ulv._
Búldam Pomo. _Kuln._

Cacalote. _Coh._
Cachopostate. _Coh._
Cacores. _E. Siu._
Cadapouce. _E. Siu._
Caddo. _Cad._
+Caddoan.+ _Cad._
Cadica. _Tim._
Cahita. _Pim._
Cahokia. _Alq._
Cahrok. _Qor._
Cahuillo. _Sho._
Cailloux. _Wlp._
Cajono. _Zap._
Cakchiquel. _My._
Calabaw. _E. Siu._
Calanay. _Tim._
Calapooya. _Kal._
Canai. _Alq._
Caniba. _Alq._
Canaway. _Alq._
Capaha. _Siu._
Cape Fear. _E. Siu._
Carcha. _Ulv._
Carib. _Crb._
+Caribbean.+ _Crb._
Carrizo. _Coh._
Casa Chiquita. _Coh._
Casa Grande. _Pbl._
Casas Grandes. _Pbl._
Cascade. _Chik._
Casti. _Tim._
Catajano. _Coh._
Catawba. _E. Siu._
Cathlamet. _Chik._
Cathlapotle. _Chik._
Cathlascon. _Chik._
Cattoway. _E. Siu._
Caughnawaga. _Ir._
Cayuga. _Ir._
Cayuse. _Wlp._
Cenis. _Cad._
Ceri. _Yma._
Chaco (Ruins). _Pbl._
Chahta. _Mus._
Chainímaini. _Mar._
Chalca. _Nah._
Chalqueño. _Nah._
Chamule. _My._
Chaneabal. _My._
Changuaguane. _Ath._
Chapa. _Cpn._
Chapanec. _Cpn._
+Chapanecan.+ _Cpn._
Charack. _Siu._
Charaeo. _Ot._
Charense. _Ot._
Chasta Costa. _Ath._
Chata. _Mus._
Chatcheeni. _Skit._
Chatino. _Zap._
Chauchila. _Mo._
Chawishek. _Kuln._
Chayopine. _Coh._
Chehalis. _Salh._
Chelamela. _Kal._
Chele. _My._
Chelekee. _Ir._
Chemehuevi. _Sho._
Chenposel. _Cop._
Chepewyan. _Ath._
Cheraw. _E. Siu._
Cherokee. _Ir._
Chetco. _Ath._
Cheyenne. _Alq._
Chia. _Pbl._
Chicasa. _Mus._
Chichen Itza. _My._
Chichilticalli. _Pbl._
Chichimec. _Gp._
Chichominy. _Alq.?_
Chickasaw. _Mus._
Chicklesaht. _Wak._
Chicora. _Cso._
Chiglit. _Alk. Esk._
Chikakokim. _Alq._
Chikaree. _E. Siu._
Chikelaki. _Alq._
Chilicothe. _Alq._
Chilili. _Tim._
Chilkat. _Kols._
Chilluckquittequaw. _Chik._
Chillúla. _Wei._
Chilpain. _Ath._
+Chimakuan.+ _Chi._
Chimakum. _Chi._
Chimalakwe. _Chrk._
Chimalapa. _Zo._
Chimalapas. _Zo._
Chimalpanec. _Nah._
+Chimarikan.+ _Chrk._
Chimariko. _Chrk._
+Chimmesyan.+ _Chyn._
Chimsian.}
Chimsyan.} _Chyn._
+Chinantecan.+ _Cit._
Chinanteco. _Cit._
Chinarra. _Nah._
Chinipa. _Pim._
Chinook. _Chik._
+Chinookan.+ _Chik._
Chinquíme. _Zo._
Chipeway. _Alq._
Chippewa. _Alq._
Chippewyan. _Ath._
Chiricahua. _Ath._
Chiroehaka. _Ir._
Chitimacha. _Cht._
+Chitimachan.+ _Cht._
Choam Chadila Pomo. _Kuln._
Chochona. _Zap._
Choctaw. _Mus._
Chokuyem. _Mo._
Chole. _My._
Cholupaha. _Tim._
Chontal (1). _Gp._
Chontal (2). _My._
Chontal (3). _Tqs._
Chopunnish. _Shap._
Chorotega. _Cpn._
Chorti. _My._
Chowanoc. _Alq._
Choya. _Tim._
Chozetta. _E. Siu._
Christanna. _E. Siu._
Chuchaca. _Kers._
Chuchona. _Zap._
Chugachigmiut. _Alk. Esk._
Chukaímina. _Mar._
Chūkchansi. _Mar._
Chumash. _Chm._
+Chumashan.+ _Chm._
Chumâwa. _Pal._
Chumaya. _Yuk._
Chumidok. _Mo._
Chūmteya. _Mo._
Chumtiwa. _Mo._
Chumuch. _Mo._
Chumwit. _Mo._
Chunut. _Mar._
Chwachamajù. _Kuln._
Cia. _Pbl._
Cicumovi. _Ho._
Cicuye. _Pbl._
Cimopavi. _Ho._
Cipaulovi. _Ho._
Clackama. _Chik._
Clahoquaht. _Wak._
Clallam. _Salh._
Clamets. _Lut._
Clatsop. _Chik._
Clickass. _Skit._
Cliff-Dwellers. _Pbl._
Clowetsus. _Wak._
+Coahuiltecan.+ _Coh._
Coahuilteco. _Coh._
Coaquilenes. _Coh._
Cochimi. _Yma._
Cochiti. _Kers._
Coco. _Ulv._
Cocomaricopa. _Yma._
Cocome. _My._
Coconino. _Yma._
Coconūn. _Mar._
Cocopa. _Yma._
Cœur d’Alêne. _Salh._
Coguinache. _Pim._
Cohonino. _Yma._
Cohuixca. _Nah._
Colotlan. _Nah._
Colouse. _Cop._
Colville. _Salh._
Comanche. _Sho._
Combahee. _Cso._
Comecrudo. _Coh._
Comeya. _Yma._
Comiteco. _My._
Comopari. _Pim._
Comupatrico. _Pim.?_
Comuripa. _Pim._
Comux. _Salh._
Concho (1). _Yma._
Concho (2). _Coh._
Conestoga. _Ir._
Confitachiquí. _Uch._
Congaree. _E. Siu._
Coninos. _Yma._
Conoy. _Alq._
Cook-koo-oose. _Kus._
Cooniac. _Chik._
Coosa. _Un. Mus.? Cso.?_
Cootenai. _Kit._
Copalis. _Salh._
Copan. _My._
Copeh. _Cop._
+Copehan.+ _Cop._
Coquilth. _Wak._
Cora. _Pim._
Coraru. _Nah._
Coree. _Ir.?_
Corsaboy. _Cso._
Coshatta. _Mus._
Cosninos. _Yma._
Costano. _Cost._
+Costanoan.+ _Cost._
Cotober. _E. Siu._
Cotoname. _Coh._
Coutani. _Kit._
Covisca. _Zo._
Covisco. _Zo._
Cowichin. _Salh._
Cowlitz. _Salh._
Coyotero. _Ath._
Cree. _Alq._
Creek. _Mus._
Crow. _Siu._
Cuchan. _Yma._
Cuicateco. _Zap._
Cuitlateco. _Nah._
Culua. _Nah._
Cumshawa. _Skit._
Cûñopavi. _Ho._
Cusabo. _Cso._
+Cusaboan.+ _Cso._
Cushna. _Puj._
Cusso. _Cso._
Cuthead. _Siu._
Cuttawa. _E. Siu._

Dāho′-tenā. _Ath._
Dakota. _Siu._
Dakubetede. _Ath._
Dápishul Pomo. _Kuln._
Daupom. _Cop._
Delamateno. _Ir._
Delaware. _Alq._
Didja-Za. _Zap._
Diegueño. _Yma._
Digger. _Gp._
Digothi. _Ath._
Dirian. _Cpn._
Dog Rib. _Ath._
Dohme. _Pim._
Dowaganha. _Alq._
Dwamish. _Salh._

Eastern People. _Kuln._
Eataubau. _Siu._
Echeloot. _Chik._
Edelano. _Tim._
Edisto. _Cso._
Ehiamana. _Tim._
Ehnek. _Qor._
Ekŏg´mint. _Alk. Esk._
Eloquale. _Tim._
Enecaqua. _Tim._
Eno. _E. Siu._
Erie. _Ir._
Erío. _Kuln._
Eriwoneck.
Erússi. _Kuln._
Esaw. _E. Siu._
+Eskimauan.+ _Esk._
Eskimo. _Esk._
Eskin. _Puj._
Esopus. _Alq._
Esquimaux. _Esk._
Esselen. _Ess._
+Esselenian.+ _Ess._
Estakewach. _Pal._
Etchemin. _Alq._
Etiwaw.}
Eutaw. } _Cso._
Euchre Creek. _Ath._
Eudeve. _Pim._
Éukshikni. _Lut._
Eurok. _Wei._

Faraone. _Ath._
Flachbogen. _Kit._
Flanahaskie. _E. Siu._
Flatbow. _Kit._
Flathead (1). _E. Siu._
Flathead (2). _Salh._
Flathead-Cootenai. _Kit._
Flonk´o. _Ath._
Fox. _Alq._

Gallinomréo. _Kuln._
Ganawese. _Alq._
Gaspesian. _Alq._
Gileño. _Ath._
Gohunes. _Yma._
Gosiute. _Sho._
Grand Pawnee. _Cad._
Gros Ventres. _Siu._
Guaicuru. _Yma._
Guailopo. _Pim._
Guajiquero. _Ln._
Gualála. _Kuln._
Guatuso. _Gua._
+Guatusoan.+ _Gua._
Guaymas. _Pim._
Guazapari. _Nah._
Guetares. _Cpn._
Guilito. _Cop._
Guimen. _Mo._
Gyidesdzo. _Chyn._
Gyitgāata. _Chyn._
Gyitksan. _Chyn._
Gyitqātla. _Chyn._
Gyitsalaser. _Chyn._
Gyitsumrälon. _Chyn._

Haeltzuk. _Wak._
Haida. _Skit._
Hailtzuk. _Wak._
Haishilla. _Wak._
Hammonasset. _Alq._
Hanahaskies. _Siu._
Hanega. _Kols._
Hano. _Tan._
Hanocoroucouay. _Tim._
Hantewa. _Pal._
Hapaluya. _Tim._
Hare. _Ath._
Hasatch. _Kers._
Hasinninga. _E. Siu._
Hatteras. _Alq._
Havasupai. _Yma._
Helto. _Puj._
Hemes. _Tan._
Hettitoya. _Mo._
Heve. _Pim._
Hicaranaou. _Tim._
Hichucios. _Pim._
Hidatsa. _Siu._
Himeri. _Pim._
Hiouacara. _Tim._
Hirrihiqua. _Tim._
Hishquayquaht. _Wak._
Hitchitee. _Mus._
Hizo. _Pim._
Hoak. _Puj._
Hoankut. _Puj._
Hololúpai. _Puj._
Homolua. _Tim._
Hoodsunu. _Kols._
Hoopah. _Ath._
Hopi. _Ho._
+Hopitan.+ _Ho._
Hopitu. _Ho._
Howakan. _Skit._
Howchuklisaht. _Wak._
Hualapai. _Yma._
Huasteca. _My._
+Huavan.+ _Hua._
Huaves. _Hua._
Huaztonteco. _Hua._
Huecos. _Cad._
Huichol. _Nah._
Huite. _Nah._
Huma.}
Hume.} _Nah._
Humâwhi. _Pal._
Hunah. _Kols._
Hupa. _Ath._
Huron. _Ir._
Husky. _Esk._
Husorone. _Pim._
Hutchnom. _Yuk._
Hydah. _Skit._

Igdlolnarsuk. _Gr. Esk._
Iglulingmiut. _M. Esk._
Ikogmiut. _Alk. Esk._
Illinois. _Alq._
Ilmâwi. _Pal._
Imahklimiut. _Alk. Esk._
Inguhklimiut. _Alk. Esk._
Innies. _Cad._
Innuit. _Esk._
Iowa. _Siu._
Ipapapan. _Tot._
+Iroquoian.+ _Ir._
Iroquois. _Ir._
Isantei. _Siu._
Isleta, New Mex. _Tan._
Isleta, Texas. _Tan._
Issa. _E. Siu._
Iswa. _E. Siu._
Itafi. _Tim._
Itara. _Tim._
Itaziptco. _Siu._
Ititcha. _Mar._
Itivimiut. _Lab. Esk._
Itza. _My._
Ivimiut. _Gr. Esk._
Ixil. _My._

Janos. _Ath._
Jaripecha. _Tar._
Jemez. _Tan._
Jicarilla. _Ath._
Jocolabal. _My._
Jonaz. _Ot._
Jope. _Zo._
Joshua. _Ath._

Kabinapek. _Kuln._
Kadapaw. _E. Siu._
Kagutl. _Wak._
Kaialigmiut. _Alk. Esk._
Kaigani. _Skit._
Kaimé. _Kuln._
Kaiowe. _Kio._
Kai Pomo. _Kuln._
Kaivavitz. _Sho._
Kaiyuh-khotānā. _Ath._
Kakamatsis. _Wak._
+Kalapooian.+ _Kal._
Kalapuya. _Kal._
Kăltsuerea tûnnĕ. _Ath._
Kamalel Pomo. _Kuln._
Kangivamiut. _Lab. Esk._
Kangmaligmiut. _Alk. Esk._
Kaugormiut. _M. Esk._
Kani. _Mo._
Kāniăgmiut. _Alk. Esk._
Kansa. _Siu._
Karankawa. _Kar._
+Karankawan.+ _Kar._
Karok. _Qor._
Karsuit. _Gr. Esk._
Kaskaskia. _Alq._
Kassooo. _Mar._
Kassovo. _Mar._
Kastel Pomo. _Kuln._
Kasua. _Sli._
Katchan. _Yma._
Kato Pomo. _Kuln._
Kauía. _Mar._
Kaulits. _Salh._
Kaus. _Kus._
Kauvuyas. _Sho._
Kaviagmiut. _Alk. Esk._
Kaw. _Siu._
Kaweah. _Mar._
Kaweya. _Mo._
Kâwiasuh. _Sho._
Kayowe. _Kio._
Kayung. _Skit._
Kcaltana. _Ath._
Kechemeches. _Alq._
Kechis. _Sho._
Keimanoeitoh. _Wak._
Kek. _Kols._
Kēlta. _Un., Ath.?_
Kemisak. _Gr. Esk._
Kenai. _Ath._
Kenay. _Ath._
Kenesti. _Ath._
Kera. _Kers._
Keres. _Kers._
+Keresan.+ _Kers._
Keswhawhay. _Ker._
Keyauwee. _E. Siu._
Kiawaw. _Cso._
K’iapkwainakwin. _Zun._
Kiawétni. _Mar._
Kichai. _Cad._
Kickapoo. _Alq._
Kiguaqtagmiut. _Lab. Esk._
Kikapoo. _Alq._
Kikkertarsoak. _Gr. Esk._
Killamuk. _Salh._
Kinarbik. _Gr. Esk._
Kingnaitmiut. _M. Esk._
King’s River. _Mar._
Kinnepatu. _M. Esk._
Kiowa. _Kio._
+Kiowan.+ _Kio._
Kioway. _Kio._
Kisani. _Pbl._
Kiscapocoke. _Alq._
Kitsmaht. _Wak._
Kittegareut. _Alk. Esk._
Kittuwa. _Ir._
+Kitunahan.+ _Kit._
Kizh. _Sho._
Klallam. _Salh._
Klamath (1). _Lut._
Klamath (2). _Wei._
Klanoh-Klatklam. _Kit._
Klaokwat. _Wak._
Klenekate. _Kols._
Klikitat. _Shap._
K’naia-khotona. _Ath._
Knik. _Ath._
Knisteneau. _Alq._
Koasáti. _Mus._
Koloma. _Puj._
Kolomum. _Puj._
Kolosch. _Kols._
+Koluschan.+ _Kols._
Komácho. _Kuln._
Kombo. _Un., Yan.?_
Komuk. _Salh._
Konjagen. _Esk.?_
Konkau. _Puj._
Kootenai. _Kit._
Kopagmiut. _Alk. Esk._
Kopé. _Cop._
Korusi. _Cop._
Kouksoarmiut. _Lab. Esk._
Kowagmiut. _Alk. Esk._
Kowelits. _Salh._
Kowilth. _Wish._
Koyukukhotānā. _Ath._
Kramalit. _M. Esk._
Kuagmiut. _Alk. Esk._
Kuchin. _Ath._
Kuitc. _Ykn._
Kulá Kai Pomo. _Kuln._
+Kulanapan.+ _Kuln._
Kulanapo. _Kuln._
Kūlmeh. _Puj._
Kulomum. _Puj._
Kung. _Skit._
Kunxit. _Skit._
Kupule. _My._
Kusa. _Kus._
+Kusan.+ _Kus._
Kuscarawock. _Alq._
Kuskwogmiut. _Alk. Esk._
Kutani. _Kit._
Kŭtchā-Kŭtchin´. _Ath._
Kutchan. _Yma._
Kutchin´. _Ath._
Kutenay. _Kit._
Kwaiantikwoket. _Sho._
Kwakiutl. _Wak._
Kwalhioqua. _Ath._
Kwantlen. _Salh._
Kwapa. _Siu._
Kwashilla. _Wak._
Kwatóa. _Puj._
Kwazami. _Ath._
Kwikhpăgmiut. _Alk. Esk._
Kwokwoos. _Kus._
Kyoquaht. _Wak._

Lacandon. _My._
Laguna. _Kers._
Laimono. _Yma._
Lákmiut. _Kal._
Láma. _Kuln._
Las´sik. _Cop._
Leaf-shooters. _Siu._
Lenapé. _Alq._
Lenca. _Ln._
+Lencan.+ _Ln._
Lenni-Lenapé. _Alq._
Likatuit. _Mo._
Likwiltoh. _Wak._
Lilowat. _Salh._
Lipan. _Ath._
Liwaito. _Cop._
Llanero. _Ath._
Loldla. _Cop._
Lolon´kūk. _Ath._
Lolsel. _Cop._
Long Island. _Alq._
Long Valley. _Sho._
Lopolatimne. _Mo._
Loucheux. _Ath._
Lower Coquille. _Kus._
Lucururu. _Tim._
Lummi. _Salh._
Lutuami. _Lut._
+Lutuamian.+ _Lut._

Macaw. _Wak._
Machapunga. _Alq._
Machaua. _Tim._
Machemni. _Mo._
Machemoodus. _Alq._
Macock. _Alq._
Magemiut. _Alk. Esk._
Mahican. _Alq._
Mablemiut. _Alk. Esk._
Mahoc. _Un., E. Siu.?_
Maidu. _Puj._
Maiera. _Tim._
Makah. _Wak._
Makhelchel. _Cop._
Malaka. _Cop._
Malica. _Tim._
Maliseet. _Alq._
Mam. _My._
Mamaleilakitish. _Wak._
Manahoac. _E. Siu._
Manakin. _E. Siu._
Mandan. _Siu._
Maneetsuk. _Gr. Esk._
Mangoac. _Ir._
Mangue. _Cpn._
Manhattan. _Alq._
Mano de perro. _Coh._
Manosaht. _Wak._
Mantese. _Alq._
Mareschit. _Alq._
Maricopa. _Yma._
Mariposa. _Mar._
+Mariposan.+ _Mar._
Marracou. _Tim._
Mascoutin. _Alq._
Maskegon. _Alq._
Maskoki. _Mus._
Massachuset. _Alq._
Massawomek. _Ir._
Massett. _Skit._
Massinacak. _E. Siu._
Matagalpan. _Un._
Matapane. _Pim._
Matelpa. _Wak._
Mathaica. _Tim._
Matlaltzinco. _Ot._
Matlame. _Ot._
Mattamuskeet. _Alq._
Mattapony. _Alq._
Mattoal. _Ath._
Mauvais-Monde. _Ath._
Maya. _My._
+Mayan.+ _My._
Mayapan. _My._
Maya-Quiche. _My._
Mayarca. _Tim._
Mayáyu. _Mar._
Mayo. _Pim._
Mazahua. _Ot._
Mazapil. _Nah._
Mazateco. _Zap._
Mecos. _Ot._
Meewoc. _Mo._
Mehemencho. _E. Siu._
Meherrin. _Ir._
Meidoo. _Puj._
Meipontsky. _E. Siu._
Melchora. _Ulv._
Meliseet. _Alq._
Melona. _Tim._
Melukitz. _Kus._
Mengwe. _Ir._
Menominee. _Alq._
Mequachake. _Alq._
Mescal. _Coh._
Mescalero. _Ath._
Met’how. _Salh._
Mexicana. _Nah._
Meztitlateca. _Nah._
Miakan. _Coh._
Miami. _Alq._
Michoa. _Tar._
Michōpdo. _Puj._
Micikqwûtme tûnnĕ. _Ath._
Micmac. _Alq._
Mico. _Ulv._
Micoñinovi. _Ho._
Mije. _Zo._
Mikono tûnnĕ. _Ath._
Mimbreño. _Ath._
Mingo. _Ir._
Minisink. _Alq._
Minitaree. _Siu._
Minneconjou. _Siu._
Minsi. _Alq._
Misálamagūn. _Kuln._
Mishongnovi. _Ho._
Misisauga. _Alq._
Missouri. _Siu._
Mita. _Wei._
Mitoám Kai Pomo. _Kuln._
Miwok. _Mo._
Mixe. _Zo._
Mixtec. _Zap._
Mixteca-Zapoteca. _Zap._
Moan´auzi. _Sho._
Moapariats. _Sho._
Mobilian. _Mus._
Mochilagua. _Pim.?_
Mocoso. _Tim._
Mocossou. _Tim._
Moctoby. _E. Siu._
Modoc. _Lut._
Módokni. _Lut._
Mogollon. _Ath._
Mohave. _Yma._
Mohawk. _Ir._
Mohegan. _Alq._
Mohetan. _E. Siu._
Mohican. _Alq.?_
Mokelumni. _Mo._
Moki. _Ho._
Molale. _Wlp._
Molua. _Tim._
Monachi. _Sho._
Monagan. _E. Siu._
Monahasanugh. _E. Siu._
Monasiccapano. _E. Siu._
Mono. _Sho._
Monocan. _E. Siu._
Monqui. _Yma._
Monsey. _Alq._
Monsoni. _Alq._
Montagnais (1). _Ath._
Montagnais (2). _Alq._
Montagnard. _Ath._
Montauk. _Alq._
Moose. _Alq._
Moosonee. _Alq._
Mopan. _My._
+Moquelumnan.+ _Mo._
Moquelumne. _Mo._
Moquis. _Ho._
Moscoso. _Tim._
Mosilian. _Alq._
Moundbuilder. Composite. _Gp._
Mowachat. _Wak._
Mowhemcho. _E. Siu._
Muclaht. _Wak._
Muctobi. _E. Siu._
Mukaluk. _Lut._
Mulluck. _Kus._
Multnoma. _Chik._
Munsee. _Alq._
Musakakūn. _Kuln._
+Muskhogean.+ _Mus._
Muskhogee. _Mus._
Muskoki. _Mus._
Musquito. _Un._
Mūtsūn. _Mo._
Muutzizti. _Pim._

Naas. _Gp., Chyn., Salh.?_
Nachitoches. _Cad._
Nacu. _Kus.?_
Nadowessiwag. _Siu._
Nagailer. _Ath._
Nageuktormiut. _M. Esk._
Nahauni. _Ath._
Nahsuzi. _Pbl._
Na’htchi. _Nat._
Nahua. _Nah._
Nahuatl. _Nah._
+Nahuatlan.+ _Nah._
Nahuatleca. _Nah._
Nahyssan. _E. Siu._
Na-isha. _Ath._
Naktche. _Nat._
Nakum. _Puj._
Nakwahtoh. _Wak._
Naltun netûnnĕ. _Ath._
Nambé. _Tan._
Nanaimo. _Salh._
Nanoos. _Salh._
Nantic. _Alq._
Nanticoke. _Alq._
Naolingo. _Tot._
Napa (1). _Cop._
Napa (2). _Yuk._
Napetuca. _Tim._
Narraganset. _Alq._
Narsuk. _Gr. Esk._
Nascapee. _Alq._
Nasquá. _Chyn._
Nataco. _Cad._
Natches. _Nat._
+Natchesan.+ _Nat._
Natchez. _Nat._
Natchitoches. _Cad._
Natowek. _Ir._
Natowesieux. _Siu._
Nātsit-Kŭtchin´. _Ath._
Naugatuck. _Alq._
Nauset. _Alq._
Navaho.}
Navajo.} _Ath._
Nawiti. _Wak._
Nayerit. _Pim._
Nehalim. _Salh._
Nehantic. _Alq._
Nehaunee. _Ath._
Nehethawa. _Alq._
Nenenot. _Alq._
Nespelum. _Salh._
Netchillirmiut. _M. Esk._
Netela. _Sho._
Netzicho. _Zap._
Neusiok. _Alq.?_
Neuter. _Ir._
Nevome. _Sho._
New Gold Harbour. _Skit._
Newichumni. _Mo._
Nez Percé. _Shap._
Nicaraos. _Nah._
Nicassias. _Mo._
Nicoutamuch. _Salh._
Nihaloth. _Chik._
Nikonha. _E. Siu._
Nimkish. _Wak._
Nipissing. _Alq._
Nipmuc. _Alq._
Nipnet. _Alq._
Niquiran. _Nah._
Nīshinam. _Puj._
Nisqualli. _Salh._
Nitinaht. _Wak._
Niwiti. _Wak._
Noema. _Cop._
Noje. _Yan._
Nomlaki. _Cop._
Nommuk. _Cop._
Nootka. _Wak._
Norelmuk. _Cop._
Normuk. _Cop._
Norridgewock. _Alq._
Notchee. _Nat._
Notoánaiti. _Mar._
Nottoway. _Ir._
Noyùki. _Cop._
Nozi. _Yma._
Nuchalaht. _Wak._
Nugumiut. _M. Esk._
Nuksahk. _Salh._
Numpali. _Mo._
Num´su. _Cop._
Nunatogmiut. _Alk. Esk._
Nuncock. _Siu._
Nunivagmiut. _Alk. Esk._
Nuntaly. _Un., E. Siu.?_
Nuntaneuck. _Un., E. Siu.?_
Nusdalum. _Salh._
Nushagagmiut. _Alk. Esk._
Nusulph. _Salh._
Nūtchu. _Mo._
Nūtha. _Sho._
Nutka. _Wak._
Nuwungmiut. _Alk. Esk._

Oathcaqua. _Tim._
Occaneechi. _E. Siu._
Ochíngita. _Mar._
Ocotlano. _Zap._
Oenock. _E. Siu._
Ogalalla.} _Siu._
Oglála. }
Oglemiut. _Alk. Esk._
Ohiat. _Wak._
Ojadagochroene. _E. Siu._
Ojibwa. _Alq._
Okahoki. _Alq._
Okeeogmiut. _Alk. Esk._
Okinagan. _Salh._
Okkiosorbik. _Gr. Esk._
Okomiut. _M. Esk._
Olamentke. _Mo._
Olelato. _Cop._
Olhone. _Mo._
Olla. _Puj._
Olmeca. _Un., Mex._
Olowidok. _Mo._
Olowit. _Mo._
Olowiya. _Mo._
Olposel. _Cop._
Oluláto. _Cop._
Olumpali. _Mo._
Omaha. _Siu._
Onathcaqua. _Tim._
Onava. _Pim._
Oneida. _Ir._
Onochaquara. _Tim._
Onondaga. _Ir._
Ontponas. _E. Siu._
Oohenopa. _Siu._
Opata. _Pim._
Opatoro. _Ln._
Opechisaht. _Wak._
Openango. _Alq._
Opuhnarke. _Alq._
Oraibe. _Ho._
Orarian. _Alk. Esk._
Orejone. _Coh._
Orista. _Cso._
Orotina. } _Cpn._
Orotinan.}
Osage. _Siu._
Osile. _Tim._
Otaki. _Puj._
Otari. _Ir._
Otayachgo. _Alq._
Oto. } _Siu._
Otoe.}
Otomi. _Ot._
+Otomian.+ _Ot._
Ottawa. _Alq._
Ounángan. _Esk._
Oustaca. _Tim._
Owilapsh. _Ath._

Paanese. _E. Siu._
Paboksa. _Siu._
Pacaos. _Coh._
Pachenaht. _Wak._
Pachera. _Pim._
Pacuâche. _Coh._
Padlimiut. _M. Esk._
Paduca. _Gp._
Paguate. _Kers._
Pah Ute.}
Pai Ute.} _Sho._
Paiuti. }
Pajalate. _Coh._
Pakamalli. _Pal.?_
Pakawá. _Coh._
Palaihnih. _Pal._
+Palaihnihan.+ _Pal._
Palaik. _Pal._
Palenque. _My._
Paléumni. _Sho._
Palligawonap. _Sho._
Paloos. _Shap._
Paluxsi. _E. Siu._
Pamaque. _Coh._
Pamawaioc. _Alq._
Pame. _Ot._
Pamlico. _Alq._
Pampopa. _Coh._
Pamticoke. _Alq._
Pamunkey. _Alq._
Pani. _Cad._
Panpakan. _Puj._
Pantasma. _Ulv._
Panteco. _My._
Papabuco. _Zap._
Papago. _Pim._
Parrastah. _Ulv._
Paskagula. _Siu._
Pasquotank. _Alq._
Passamaquoddi. _Alq._
Pastancoya. _Coh._
Patacale. _Coh._
Patawat. _Wish._
Patáwe. } _Cop._
Patcháwe.}
Patchica. _Tim._
Patshenin. _E. Siu._
Patwin. _Cop._
Paugusset. _Alq._
Paupákan. _Puj._
Pausane. _Coh._
Pavant. _Sho._
Paviotso. _Sho._
Pawnee. _Cad._
Paya. _Un._
Payseya. _Coh._
Pea. _Alq._
Pecos. _Pbl._
Pedee. _E. Siu._
Pehtsik. _Qor._
Pekwan. _Wei._
Pend d’Oreille. _Salh._
Penobscot. _Alq._
Pennacook. _Alq._
Pentlash.} _Salh._
Pentlatc.}
Peoria. _Alq._
Pequot. _Alq._
Pericu. _Yma._
Perquiman. _Alq._
Peten. _My._
Piankishaw. _Alq._
Picuris. _Tan._
Pi Ede. _Sho._
Piegan. _Alq._
Pihique. _Coh._
Pilingmiut. _M. Esk._
Pima. _Pim._
+Piman.+ _Pim._
Pinal Coyotero. _Ath._
Pinome. _Zo._
Pintahae. _E. Siu._
Pipile. _Sho._
Piqua. _Alq._
Pirinda. _Ot._
Piros. _Tan._
Piscataway. _Alq._
Pisquow. _Salh._
Pitkachì. _Mar._
Pitt River. _Pal._
Pi Ute. _Sho._
Poam Pomo. _Kuln._
Pocomtock. _Alq._
Podunk. _Alq._
Poélo. _Sho._
Pohállin Tinleh. _Mar._
Pohonichi. _Mo._
Pojoaque. _Tan._
Pokomam. _My._
Pokonchi. _My._
Poluksalgi. _E. Siu._
Pomo. _Kuln._
Pomouik. _Alq._
Ponca. _Siu._
Ponderay. _Salh._
Popoluca. _Gp., Mex._
Poquonnoc. _Alq._
Potanou. _Tim._
Poteskeet. _Alq._
Potlapigua. _Pirn._
Pottawatomi. _Alq._
Pottawattomi. _Alq._
Powhattan. _Alq._
Pueblito. _Kers._
Pueblo. _Pbl._
+Puebloan.+ _Pbl._
Pujunan. _Puj._
Pujuni. _Puj._
Pulairih. _Pal._
Punyeestye. _Kers._
Punyekia. _Kers._
Pusityitcho. _Kers._
Pusúna. _Puj._
Putum. _My._
Puyallup. _Salh._

Qagutl. _Wak._
Qaumauangmiut. _M. Esk._
Qinguamiut. _M. Esk._
Quaitso. _Salh._
Quapaw. _Siu._
Quatquiutl. _Wak._
Quatsino. _Wak._
Quekchi. _My._
Queniut. _Salh._
Queptlmamish. _Salh._
Querechos. _Un., Sho.?_
Queres. _Kers._
Quiahanless. _Skit._
Quiche. _My._
Quile-Ute. _Chi._
Quinnebaug. _Alq._
Quinnipiac. _Alq._
Quinpi. _Alq._
Quivira. _Un., Siu.?_
Quoddy. _Alq._
+Quoratean.+ _Qor._
Quoratem. _Qor._
Qwinctûnnetûn. _Ath._

Rama. _Un._
Ramapoo. _Alq._
Ramcock. _Alq._
Reho. _Un._, _Cali._
Republican Pawnee. _Cad._
Riccaree. _Cad._
Rickohockan. _Ir._
Rikwa. _Wei._
Rogue River. _Ath._ and _Tak._
Runsien. _Gp._
Rurok. _Wei._

Saagit. _Wei._
Sabaquis. _Pim._
Sabaibo. _Nah._
Sac. _Alq._
Sac and Fox. _Alq._
Sacumehu. _Salh._
Sagdlirmiut. _M. Esk._
Saharipa. _Pim._
Sahewamish. _Salh._
Sahkey. _Alq._
Saiaz. _Ath._
Saidyuka. _Sho._
Saint Regis. _Ir._
Saiwash. _Sas._
Sakaiakumni. _Mo._
+Salinan.+ _Sli._
Salish. _Salh._
+Salishan.+ _Salh._
Saluda. _Alq.?_
Samamish. _Salh._
Samish. _Salh._
San Antonio. _Un._
Sandia. _Tan._
Sanetch. _Salh._
San Felipe. _Kers._
Sanhican. _Alq._
San Ildefonso. _Tan._
Sanipao. _Con._
San Juan. _Tan._
San Juan de Guacara. _Tim._
San Mateo. _Tim._
San Rafael. _Mo._
Sans Arcs. _Siu._
Sans Puell. _Salh._
Santa Ana. _Kers._
Santa Barbara. _Sli._
Santa Clara, New Mexico. _Tan._
Santa Clara, Utah. _Sho._
Santa Cruz, Cali. _Mo._
Santa Elena. _Cso._
Santa Inez. _Sli._
Santa Lucia de Acuera. _Tim._
Santee. _E. Siu_ and _Siu_.
Santiam. _Kal._
Santo Domingo. _Kers._
Saponi. _E. Siu._
Saps. _E. Siu._
Saptin. _Shap._
Sara. _E. Siu._
Sarcees. _Ath._
Saste. _Sas._
+Sastean.+ _Sas._
Satsika. _Alq._
Satsop. _Salh._
Saturiwa. _Tim._
Sauk. _Alq._
Saumingmiut. _M. Esk._
Sauteux. _Alq._
Savanna. _Alq._
Sawákhtu. _Mar._
Sawamish. _Salh._
Saxapahaw. _E. Siu._
Sayúskla. _Ykn._
Scatacook. _Alq._
Sebasa. _Wak._
Secoffie. _Alq._
Secotan. _Alq._
Seemunah. _Kers._
Seguas. _Nah._
Sekamish. _Salh._
Sekumne. _Puj._
Selawigmiut. _Alk. Esk._
Selish. _Salh._
Seminole. _Mus._
Seneca. _Ir._
Senecú. _Tan._
Senel. _Kuln._
Sequas. _Nah._
Seri. _Ser._
+Serian.+ _Ser._
Sermiligak. _Gr. Esk._
Sermilik. _Gr. Esk._
Seroushamne. _Mo._
Serrano. _Ot._
Seshaht. _Wak._
Sewee. _E. Siu._
Shacco. _E. Siu._
Shackaconias. _Siu._
Shahaptaní. _Shap._
+Shahaptian.+ _Shap._
Shakan. _Skit._
Shanktonwan. _Siu._
Shasta. _Sas._
Shastika. _Sas._
Shasty. _Sas._
Shawano. _Alq._
Shawnee. _Alq._
Sheshtapoosh. _Alq._
Shetimasha. _Cht._
Shevwitz. _Sho._
Sheyenne. _Alq._
Shibal´ni Pómo. _Kuln._
Shingwauk. _Alq._
Shinomo.}
Shínumo.} _Pbl._
Shiwapmuk. _Salh._
Shiwokugmiut. _Alk. Esk._
Shoccori. _E. Siu._
Shódo Kaí Pomo. _Kuln._
Shomamish. _Salh._
Shooswap. _Salh._
Shoshokoes. _Sho.?_
+Shoshonean.+ _Sho._
Shoshone.} _Sho._
Shoshoni.}
Shotlemamish. _Salh._
Sia. _Kers._
Síako. _Kuln._
Sicatl. _Salh._
Sicaunie. _Ath._
Sihasapa. _Siu._
Sikonesse. _Alq._
Sikosuilarmiut. _M. Esk._
Siksika. _Alq._
Silets. _Salh._
Silla. _Kers._
Similaton. _Ln._
Sinaloa. _Pim._
Sinimiut. _M. Esk._
Sinnager. _Ir._
+Siouan.+ _Siu._
Sioux. _Siu._
Siquai. _Ulv._
Sisseton. _Siu._
Sissipahaw. _E. Siu._
Sitcaxu. _Siu._
Sitcomovi. _Ho._
Sitka. _Kols._
Siuslaw. _Ykn._
Skagit. _Salh._
Skedan. _Skit._
Skidi. _Cad._
Skihwamish. _Salh._
Skiteiget. _Skit._
Skitsuish. _Salh._
Skittaget. _Skit._
+Skittagetan.+ _Skit._
Skoffi. _Alq._
Skokomish. _Salh._
Skopamish. _Salh._
Skoyelpi. _Salh._
Sktehlmish. _Salh._
Skwaksin. _Salh._
Skwallyamish. _Salh._
Slave. _Ath._
Sluacus tinneh. _Ath._
Smoos. _Ulv._
Smulkamish. _Salh._
Snake. _Sho._
Snohomish. _Salh._
Snoqualmi. _Salh._
Sobaipuri. _Pim._
Sochimiloco. _Nah._
Soke. _Salh._
Sokóa. _Kuln._
Solteco. _Zap._
Songish. _Salh._
Sonomi. _Mo._
Sonora. _Pim._
Sonorense Opata. _Pim._
Sorrocho. _Tim._
Souriquoi. _Alq._
Spirit Lake. _Siu._
Spokan. _Salh._
Squawmisht. _Salh._
Squaxon. _Salh._
Squonamish. _Salh._
Stahkin. _Kols._
Stegara. _E. Siu._
Stehtsasamish. _Salh._
Stenkenocks. _E. Siu._
Stillacum. _Salh._
Stono. _Cso._
St. _Regis. Ir._
Subirona. _Ulv._
Subtiaba. _Sub._
+Subtiaban.+ _Sub._
Sugan. _E. Siu._
Sugaree. _E. Siu._
Sugon. _Wei._
Suinyi. _Zun._
Suisun. _Cop._
Sumass. _Salh._
Supi. _Yma._
Suquamish. _Salh._
Suquinimiut. _Lab. Esk._
Susquehannock. _Ir._
Swali. _Siu._
Swinamish. _Salh._

Tâcame. _Coh._
Tacatacura. _Tim._
Táchi. _Mar._
Taculli. _Ath._
Taderighrone. _E. Siu._
Taensa. _Nat._
Tagish. _Kols._
Tahichapahanna. _Sho._
Tahkaht. _Wak._
Tahkali. _Ath._
Tāh´ko-tin´neh. _Ath._
Tablewah. _Ath._
Tahltan. _Ath._
Tâiakwin. _Zun._
Tait. _Salh._
Taitchida. _Puj._
Takilma. _Tak._
+Takilman.+ _Tak._
Taku. _Kols._
Talamanca. _Un._
Talamo. _Salh._
Talatui. _Mo._
Talirpingmiut. _M. Esk._
Taltûctun tûde. _Ath._
Tamal. _Mo._
Tamaroi. _Alq._
Tamoleka. _Mo._
Tanek. _E. Siu._
Taño. _Tan._
+Tañoan.+ _Tan._
Tantoyoc. _My._
Tanu. _Skit._
Taos. _Tan._
Tapaneco. _Nah._
Tapijulapane. _Zo._
Tappas. _Cad._
Taqagmiut. _Lab. Esk._
Tarahumara. _Pim._
Tarasca. _Tar._
+Tarascan.+ _Tar._
Tarasco. _Tar._
Tarelepa. _My._
Tarratine. _Alq._
Tartanee. _Skit._
Tataten. _Ath._
Tatera. _E. Siu._
Taterat. _Gr. Esk._
Tatimole. _Tot._
Tatsāh-kutchin. _Ath._
Tatu. _Yuk._
Tauxsnitania. _E. Siu._
Tawakomie. _Cad._
Taywaugh. _Tan._
Tcême. } _Ath._
Tchême.}
Tcĕtlĕstcan tûnnĕ. _Ath._
Tchĭkûn. _Ath._
Tchishi. _Ath._
Tchokoyem. _Mo._
Teacualitzistis. _Pim._
Teata. _Pim._
Tebaca. _Nah._
Teco. _Nah._
Tecojine. _Zo._
Tecoripa. _Pim._
Tecualme. _Pim.?_
Tigninatio. _E. Siu._
Teguima. _Pim._
Tehama. _Cop._
Tēhānin-kŭtchin. _Ath._
Tehua. _Tan._
+Tehuan.+ _Tan._
Tehueco. _Pim._
Tejano. _Coh._
Tektikilhatis. _Tot._
Télumni. _Mar._
Tenaino. _Shap._
Tenăn-kŭtchin. _Ath._
Tenez. _Cit._
Tenime. _Zo._
Tennŭth-Kutchin´. _Ath._
Teotenanca. _Un., Mex._
Tepaneco. _Nah._
Tepehuane. _Pim._
Tepozcolul. _Zap._
Tequis. _Pim._
Tequistlateca. _Yma._
Terwar. _Ath._
Tessuisak. _Gr. Esk._
Tesuque. _Tan._
Tetero. _E. Siu._
Teton. _Siu._
Teuteca. _Cit._
Tewa. _Tan._
+Tewan.+ _Tan._
Texano. _Coh._
Texas. _Cad.?_
Texone. _Coh._
Teyas. _Cad.?_
Tezcucan. _Nah._
Tezcuco. _Nah._
Thlinket. _Kols._
T’ho. _My._
Tientien. _Cop._
Tigua. } _Tan._
Tiguex.}
Tillamook. _Salh._
Timoga. _Tim._
Timucua. _Tim._
Timuquana. _Tim._
+Timuquanan.+ _Tim._
Tínlinneh. _Mar._
Tinné. }
Tinneh.} _Ath._
Tinney.}
Tionontate. _Ir._
Tipatolápa. _Sho._
Tisèchu. _Mar._
Tíshum. _Puj._
Titõwā. _Siu._
Tiutei. _E. Siu._
Tlacopán. _Nah._
Tlahuico. _Nah._
Tlamatl. _Lut._
Tlaoquatch. _Wak._
Tlapanec. _Zap._
Tlapaneco. _Zo._
Tlascalan. _Nah._
Tlascaltecan. _Nah._
Tlatluican. _Nah._
Tlatscanai. _Ath._
Tlingit.} _Kols._
Tlinkit.}
Toámtcha. _Puj._
Tobikhar. _Sho._
Tocaste. _Tim._
Tockwhogh. _Alq._
Toderichroone. _E. Siu._
Todetabi. _Cop._
Tokar. _Sho._
Tokoaat. _Wak._
Tolemato. _Tim._
Tolewa.} _Ath._
Tolowa.}
+Toltec.+ _Nah.?_
Tongass. _Kols._
Tonika. _Tkn._
+Tonikan.+ _Tkn._
Tonkawa. _Tow._
+Tonkawan.+ _Tow._
Tonto. _Yma._
Topaidisel. _Cop._
Topoqui. _Tim._
Toquaht. _Wak._
Tosikoyo. _Puj._
Totero. _E. Siu._
Toto. _Puj._
+Totonacan.+ _Tot._
Totonaco. _Tot._
Towiachies. _Cad._
Towakarehu. _Cad._
Triqui. _Zap._
Tsamak. _Puj._
Tsawadinoh. _Wak._
Ts’emsián. _Chyn._
Tshinkitani. _Kols._
Tshokoyem. _Mo._
Tsimshian. _Chyn._
Tsinuk. _Chik._
Tubare. _Nah._
Tucano. _Pbl._
Tucururu. _Tim._
Tŭkkūth-kŭtchin. _Ath._
Tukuarika. _Sho._
Tulare. _Mo._
Tumidok. _Mo._
Tumun. _Mo._
Tunglas. _Mus._
Tununirmiut. _M. Esk._
Tununirusirmiut. _M. Esk._
Tunxi. _Alq._
Tuolomne. _Mo._
Tusayan. _Pbl._
Tuscarora. _Ir._
Tutahaco. _Pbl._
Tŭtchoné-kŭtchin. _Ath._
Tutelo. _E. Siu._
Tututena. _Ath._
Tutu tûnnĕ. _Ath._
Twaka. _Ulv._
Twana. _Salh._
Twichtwicht. _Alq._
Twightwee. _Alq._
Two Kettle. _Siu._
Tyigh. _Shap._
Tzendal.} _Tzl._
Tzental.}
Tzotzil. _My._
Tzutuhil. _My._

Ucalta. _Wak._
Uché. _Uch._
+Uchean.+ _Uch._
Uchita. _Yma._
Ucita. _Tim._
Ugalakmiut. _Alk. Esk._
Ugaqpa. _Siu._
Ugjulirmiut. _M. Esk._
Uinkarets. _Sho._
Ukiah. _Kuln._
Ukivokgmiut. _Alk. Esk._
Ūkumnom. _Ath._
Ukusiksalingmiut. _M. Esk._
Ukwulta. _Wak._
Ulva. _Ulv._
+Ulvan.+ _Ulv._
Umaha. _Siu._
Umanak. _Gr. Esk._
Umatilla. _Shap._
Umerik. _Gr. Esk._
Umkwa. _Ath._
Umpqua. _Ath._
Unakhotānā. _Ath._
Unalachtigo. _Alq._
Unalashka.} _Alu. Esk._
Unalaska. }
Unaligmiut. _Alk. Esk._
Unami. _Alq._
Uncapapa. _Siu._
Unechtgo. _Alq._
Ungavamiut. _Lab. Esk._
Unquachog. _Alq._
Ūnŭnǵŭn. _Alu. Esk._
Urriparacuxi. _Tim._
Usheree. _E. Siu._
Ushiti. _Yma._
Uspanteca. _My._
Ustóma. _Puj._
Uta. }
Utah.} _Sho._
Ute. }
Utchium. _Mo._
Utina. _Tim._
Utlateca. _My._
Uttewa. _Skit._
Uxmal. _My._

Vacissa. _Tim._
Valiente. _Un._
Varogio. _Nah._
Vebetlateca. _My._
Venaambakaiia. _Kuln._
Venado. _Coh._
Viard. _Wish._
Vŭntā-kŭtchin´. _Ath._

Waccamaw. _E. Siu._
Waco. _Cad._
Wagluxe. _Siu._
Wahaikan. _Chik._
Wahkiacum. _Chik._
Wahpeton. _Siu._
Waicurru. _Yma._
Waiilatpu. _Wlp._
+Waiilatpuan.+ _Wlp._
Waikenmuk. _Cop._
Waikosel. _Cop._
Waikur. _Yma._
Wailaki (1). _Cop._
Wailakki (2). _Ath._
Wailaksel. _Cop._
Wailatpu. _Wlp._
Wairika. _Sas._
Wakash. _Wak._
+Wakashan.+ _Wak._
Walakumni. _Mo._
Walapai. _Yma._
Walla Walla. _Shap._
Walli. _Mo._
Walpi. _Ho._
Wampanoag. _Alq._
Wangum. _Alq._
Wangunk. _Alq._
Wapanachki. _Alq._
Wapanoc. _Alq._
Wapoo. _Cso._
Wappinger. _Alq._
Wappo. _Chik._
Wapuchuseamma. _Kers._
Wapúmni. _Puj._
Warren nuncock. _E. Siu._
Wasco. _Chik._
Washaki. _Sho._
Washita. _Cad._
Washo. _Wash._
+Washoan.+ _Wash._
Waskiteng. _E. Siu._
Wateree. _E. Siu._
Watlala. _Chik._
Waxhaw. _E. Siu._
Wazaza. _Siu._
Wea. _Alq._
Weapemeoc. _Alq._
Weenee. _E. Siu._
Weeyot. _Wish._
Weitspek. _Wei._
+Weitspekan.+ _Wei._
Wendat. _Ir._
Wepawaug. _Alq._
Westo. _Cso._
Whīlkut. _Ath._
Whonkenteae. _E. Siu._
Wíchikik. _Mar._
Wichita. _Cad._
Wihinasht. _Sho._
Wikchúmni. _Mar._
Wikenak. _Wak._
Wíksachi. _Mar._
Wilaksel. _Cop._
Willamat. } _Kal._
Willamette.}
Wima. _Puj._
Wimbee. _Cso._
Winangik. _Sho._
Winatsha. _Salh._
Winnebago. _Siu._
Wintoon. _Cop._
Wintu. _Cop._
Wintun. _Cop._
Winyaw. _E. Siu._
Wisack. _E. Siu._
Wishosk. _Wish._
+Wishoskan.+ _Wish._
Witchita. _Cad._
Wiwash. _Alq._
Wíyot. _Wish._
Woccon. _E. Siu._
Wolokki. _Puj._
Woolwa. _Ulv._
Wyandot. _Ir._
Wylackker. _Cop._

+Xicaque.+ _Un._
Xicayan. _Zap._
Xime. _Nah._
Ximena. _Pbl., Pim.?_
+Xinca.+ _Un._
Xicalanca. _Un., My.?_
Xuala. _E. Siu._

Yaketahnoklatakmakanay. _Kit._
Yakon. _Ykn._
+Yakonan.+ _Ykn._
Yakutat. _Kols._
Yakwĭna. _Ykn._
Yamacraw. _Mus._
Yamasi. _Mus._
Yamil. _Kal._
Yamkally. _Kal._
+Yanan.+ _Yan._
Yankton. _Siu._
Yanktonnais. _Siu._
Yaqui. _Pim._
Yatasses. _Cad._
Yavipais. _Yma._
Yellow-knives. _Ath._
Yecpin. _Alq._
Yesang. _E. Siu._
Yodetábi. _Cop._
Yokáya Pomo. _Kuln._
Yokultat. _Wak._
Yokut. _Mar._
Yonkalla. _Kal._
Yope. _Zo._
Yosemité. _Mo._ See Awani.
Yótowi. _Puj._
Youkone. _Ykn._
Yuba. _Puj._
Yucatec. _My._
Yuchi. _Uch._
Yuclulaht. _Wak._
Yuit. _Asiatic Esk._
Yukai. _Kuln._
Yuke.} _Yuk._
Yuki.}
+Yukian.+ _Yuk._
Yúkol. _Mar._
Yukulta. _Wak._
Yuloni. _Mo._
Yuma. _Yma._
+Yuman.+ _Yma._
Yupaha. _Tim._
Yuqueyunque. _Pbl._
Yurok. _Wei._
Yusâl Pomo. _Kuln._
Yuta. _Sho._

Zapotec. _Zap._
+Zapotecan.+ _Zap._
Ziamma. _Kers._
Zoque. _Zo._
+Zoquean.+ _Zo._
Zoque-Mixe. _Zo._
Zuaque. _Pim._
Zuñi. _Zun._
+Zuñian.+ _Zun._

INDEX

See also list of illustrations, page xv.

A

Abandoned works, meaning of, 348

Aboriginal dress, 126, 133

Adobe, 220;
brick, 234;
house, 195

Adoption, 366, 416

Adoratorio, 186

Alaska, peopled from S. and S.-E., 457

Albornoz, 136

Aleut houses, 216

Aleutian islands, when inhabited, 457

Aleuts, range of, 217

Algonquin, dress, 142;
records, 58

Alloy of gold and copper, 301

Alosaka, the, 179

Alphabet, Bureau of Ethnology, 36;
Cherokee, 52;
Sauk, 53

Amazon myth, 403

America, when peopled, 456

Amerind, a village dweller, 247;
definition of, 2;
literature, 30

Amerindian race composed of different elements, 457

Amerinds a stone-age people, 248

Amnesty, 370

Amusements, 308

Ancient fabrics, 108

Antiquity of man in America, evidences of, 434

Antiquity of Mayas, 242

Apaches and Navajos remaining behind, 440

Appendix, 461

Aqueduct, 339

Arch, 217, 242

Ardnainiq, tribe called, 407

Armour, 156, 255, 257

Arrow- and spear-heads, 263

Assembly place, 412

Astrology, reliance of Aztecs on, 373

Astronomical, knowledge, 183;
reckonings, 303;
station at Zuñi, 306;
stone, 182

Atlantis, 15

Atolli, 360

Authentic history, beginning of, 443

Awatuwi, ruins of, 179

Awl game, 320

Aztec, books, 73;
cannibal banquet, 371;
confederacy, 421, 423, 424;
descent, how reckoned, 423;
sculptures, 184;
states, government of, 423;
stone tools, 433;
towns, 238;
writing, 68, 69;
year, 306

B

Bag, sacred, 204

Baggattaway, 327

Baidar, 283

Baidarka, 283

Balance not known, 305

Ball games, 327

Baqati wheel, 317

Barábara, 217

Bark for rope-making, 126

Basket-drum, 92, 311

Basketry hats, 147, 148, 415

Basque, resemblance of language to Amerind, 32

Bathing, 386

Battle, costume, 357;
for a wife, 385;
of Wounded Knee, how begun, 445

Bayeta cloth, how used by Navajos, 131

Beads, wampum, 56

Beadwork, 153

Bear-mother carving, 164

Beckwourth, head chief of the Crows, 416

Bells, 292, 301, 302

Belts, 143

Bird box, 364;
spear, Eskimo, 268

Bird-stones, 175

Bison, disappearance of, 333;
possibility of domestication, 276

Black dye, 304

Blanket and basket designs symbolic, 58

Blanket-loom, 124, 131, 132

Blanket-making, 128, 133

Blanket-pole, 162

Blue dye, 304

Boats, 281;
Omaha, 284

Boiling-basket, 89

Bolas, 268

Bologna codex, 72

Books, of Chilan Balam, 82;
of the Mayas, 77, 82

Borgian codex, 69

Boundary lines, 410, 411

Bow and arrow, 249, 254, 256

Bow-drill, 254

Boxing, 326

Bronze tools, 299

Buffalo wool blankets, 159

Building methods, change of, 200, 350

Bunch-word, 32

Burial, 388

Burning pottery, 100

C

Cactus-fruit wine, 360

Cahokia mound, 342

Cajon, 220, 236

Cakchiquel year, 307

Calaveras skull, 434

Calculiform writing, 73, 186

Calendar, stick, 305;
stone, 181, 305

California houses, 215

Calumet, 364

Cannibal banquet, 371

Cannibalism, 368

Canoe, dugout, 282;
Haida, 164, 282

Captain David, 140

Captives, treatment of, 366

Card-playing, 320, 326

Carved panthers, 180

Carving, 162, 167, 169

Casa Grande, 200, 233, 234

Casas Grandes, 234

Casting metals, 301

Cause of North-American race homogeneity, 441

Cavate lodge, 220, 228;
plan and sections, 227

Cedar mats, 147

Cement, 303, 305

Cenoté, 370

Central-American arts, why superior, 439

Centre of culture, 431

Ceremonials, 320, 376, 381

Cérros trinchéras, 344

Chac-Mool, statue, 190

Chaco ruins, 230, 232

Chalchivitl, 136

Change in building methods, 200, 350

Cherokee, alphabet, 52;
syllabary, 52;
writing, 36

Chiefs, 416, 424;
civil, 418;
grades of, 424;
war, 418

Chief’s office hereditary in the gens, 424

Chilkat blanket, 452

Chimney, Puebloan, 226

Chinook jargon, 28

Chirimia, 311

Chiriqui, pottery, 104;
stools, 192

Chocolatl, 360

Cholula, Great Mound of, 350

Chultune, 288

Cigarette used, 363

_Cire perdue_ process, 301

City of Refuge, 456

Civil and military branches often separate, 418

Civilised tribes, 358

Clan, 414;
crest, 166, 220;
privileges and obligations of, 419

Classification by stone implements impossible, 433

Cleanliness, 386

Cliff-dwellers, 176, 229

Codex, Bologna, 72;
Borgia, 69;
Cortesianus, 82;
Dresden, 82;
Mendoza, 72;
Peresianus, 76, 82;
Telleriano-Remensis, 72;
Troano, 82;
Vaticanus, 72

Coil-process pottery, 99, 104

Comalli, 360

Commerce, 375

Communal, buildings, 247;
living, 200, 247

Complementary days, 306

Confederacy, Aztec, 421, 423, 424;
Iroquois, 421, 425, 449

Conical cap, 148;
hat, 147

Continent peopled before glacial period, 432

Controversy, 383

Cooking-basket, 89

Copan, 242, 351

Copper, bells, 292;
bowlder, 288;
hardening, 299;
implements, 291;
mines, date of working, 290;
plates, 291;
working, 249, 288, 291, 301

Coppers, 162, 293

Corbel, arch, 242;
vault, 235, 237, 242

Cord, 126

Cord-marked pottery, 106

Coronado, error in tracing of route of, 453

Cortesianus codex, 82

Costume, 133 to 144, 367

Cotton, 128, 338

Cotton-padded armour, 259

Cotton weaving, 137

Council, 420;
general, 420;
of women, 420;
tribal, 420

Councillors, 416, 420

Counterfeiting, 49

“Counts back” of the Dakotas, 60, 377

_Coureurs du Bois_, 451

Covenant chain of the Iroquois, 352

Crest, 166

Crops, 333

Cross, the, 254;
in America, 63

Crotalus, 380

Cruciform tomb, 3, 384;
ground plan, 385

Cueitl, 138

Culture not evidence of relationship, 430

Cup-markings, 65

Cupped-stones, 65, 272

Curtains for doors, 205

D

Dagänowédä, 421

Daily life not bloody, 353

Dakota winter counts, 60

Dance, around a cedar tree, 315;
Ghost, 316;
Rain, 364;
Resurrection, 316;
Snake, 376;
Somaikoli, 318, 381, 454

Dancing, 376, 378, 381

Dead, disposal of, 388

Death-house, Natchez, 208

Death-masks in Amerindian pottery, 106, 171

Declaration of war, 366

Decoration of pottery, 99

Defensive, village, 346;
walls, 345

Deformity rare, 366

Degeneration of Yucatecs, 439

Descent, basis of, 419

Destruction of Amerinds by Gov. Kieft, 444

Details of Puebloan house architecture, 211

Dibble, 270

Dighton Rock, 45

Diseases introduced by whites, 229

Distinction between gens and clan, 419

Distribution of, arts, 439;
food, 354

Dog, harness, Eskimo, 278;
whip, 279

Dogs, 276

Dolls, 328

Doors, 205

Doorways, 228

Double-headed snake, 168, 392

Dramatic sense, 331

Dresden codex, 82

Dress, 143

Drill, 251, 252

Drums, 308

Dry-painting, 61, 387

Dugout canoe, 282

Dwarfs, races of, 405

Dwellings, 195

Dyes, 303, 304

E

Early advancement, 432

Earthenware burial casket, 105

Earth, iglu, 219;
lodge, 202

Earthworks, Cahokia mound, 342;
connected with agriculture, 338;
Etowah group, 337, 346;
foundations for houses, 338;
method of construction, 342;
Newark group, 346

East Mesa, 378

Effigy jars, 119

Eldorado myth, 403

Election of Aztec chief, 424

Election of chiefs, 418

Elephant mound, 334;
pipe, 172

Elephant’s trunks, 190

Elopement, 383

Emblem of peace, 364

Embroidery, 153

Enchanted mesa, 408

Eskimo, boots, 158;
cloak, 159;
clothing, 156, 158;
derivation of term, 32;
dog harness, 278;
drum, 313;
fuel, 275;
house, 217, 219, 221;
lamp, 169, 274;
language, 36;
light from lamp, 276;
not in Alaska 500 years back, 428;
southern range of, 273;
wick for lamp, 276

Estufa, not a sweat-house, 375

Etchings, rock-scratchings incorrectly called, 180

Eternal fires, 252

Etowah mound, 337, 346

F

Fabric-marked pottery, 109

Face decoration, 366

Farming, 336

Farm products, 247, 338

Feather, garments, 134, 137, 138;
mail, 134;
mantles, 138

Feather-work, method of making, 137

Feathered, horned serpent, 63

Fetich, of what consisting, 420

Fire-drill, 250, 252;
by friction, 368, 370;
eternal, 252

Firing pottery, 100

Five Nations (or Tribes), 212, 425

Flageolet, 308

Flax, 130

Flint Ridge, 264

Flood stories, 407, 408

Floods, 439

Flute, 308

Fondness for singing, 318

Football, Eskimo, 326

Foot-races, 323

Forbidden food, 373

Foreign influence, no, 247

Fort Ancient, 344

Fortifications, 344

Fraudulent implements, 49

Funeral, jars, 112;
urns, 190

Fur companies, methods of, 363

G

Gallantry, 387

Gallatin’s work, 20–26

Gambling, 323

Games, 320

Garments, primitive, 126

Garters, 133

Gauntlet, running the, 366

Genesis, myth of the Mokis, 403

Gens, 414;
basis of, 419;
definition of, 414;
privileges of, and obligations, 419

Gentes, 414

Gentile system, 414

Georgia costume, 141

Gesture language, 26

Ghost dance, 316, 399

Ghost-shirt, 156, 262

Gilded man, the myth of, 403

Glacial period, cause of, 435

Glaciation, duration of, 435;
extent of, in North America, 435

Glue, 303, 305

God-houses of the Huichols, 409

Gold, alloy, 301;
plating, 302

Government, 414

Governor’s palace, Uxmal, 244

Grass seeds for food, 358

Grave monuments, 166

Graves, 388;
stone box, 388

Grease feast, 162

Great Heads, 407

Great Mound of Cholula, 350

Great Spirit, no knowledge of a single, 375

Gukumatz, 397

H

Haida canoes, 164

Hair dressing, 150

Hall of Columns, 209, 246

Hano, establishment of village of, 22

Hard pottery, 100

Hardened copper, 299, 300

Harpoon, 267

Hawk bells, 292, 309

Head at Izamal, 191

Head chief, 416

Head roll for carrying, 153

Health, 356

Heat, debilitating to Amerinds, 439

Helmet, 260

Hereditary offices, 423–424

Hero-gods, 371, 396, 399, 401

Hiawatha, 393;
in Longfellow and Schoolcraft ranked as an Algonquin, 395

Hieratic languages, 29

Hill forts, 344

Hinuⁿ, God of Thunder, 364

History, linked with other races, 447

Hodenosaunee, 212

Hodenosote, 200, 210

Hollow square earthworks, 208

Homogeneity, 358

Hopewell cache, 264

Horse-racing, 323, 329

Hospitality, a law, 354, 447

House, column, 162;
of the dead, 208;
post, 162

Household utensils, 273

Houses on piles, 240

Hudson Bay Co., peaceful success of, 453

Huepilli, 140

Human flesh eaten, 367, 368

Hunt-the-button game, 324

Hut of the Great Sun, 208

I

Ideographic records, 48, 59

Iglu, 217

Iglugeak, 217

Ikonographic writing, 69

Ikonomatic, 48, 69

Imaginary animals, 174

Indian, corn, 358;
names, 395;
stocks or families, list of, 461;
tribes, list of, 465

Indio Triste, 184

Intercalation of days, 306;
denied, 306

Interkilling, 381

Internecine wars, 229, 427

Irish and Danes in Ancient America, 429

Irrigating, 333;
canals, 195, 333, 336

Iroquois, confederacy, 421, 425, 449;
costume, 140;
house, 198, 200, 210;
unsurpassed, 375

Israelite and Amerindian myths compared, 403

Itzamna, 401

Ixtlilxochitl, 443

Izamal, head at, 191

J

Jacal construction, 220, 236

Jargon, Chinook, 28

Joint tenements, 240

Jossakeed, 373

K

Kabinapek orchestra, 325

Kalopaling, 407

Karankawa, 34

Kashim, 216

Katcina, 47, 378

Kayak, 281, 283

Kishoni, 196

Kisi construction, 196

Kiva, 231, 232, 325, 350, 375, 412, 414

Knives, 269

Kwakiutl, house front, 239;
statues, 167

Kwokwuli, 405

L

Labna, palace of, 450

Labret, 355

Lacandon idol, 190

Lack of carving in the South-west, 181

Lacrosse, 327

Ladders, 197, 226

Lamp, 169, 274;
of Vancouver Island, 275;
wick, 276

Landa’s alphabet, 50;
legacy, 78

Language, classification, 17;
roots, 18, 25

Languages, number of, 20;
polysynthetic, 32

Laōlaxa costume, 406

Law of hospitality, 354, 447

League of the Iroquois, 421, 425, 449

Legends, 393, 403, 405

Leggings, 134, 143, 144, 148, 150

Lenapé houses, 206

Length of year calculated, 305

Limits of ancient inhabitants, 437

Linguistic map, 33

Long-house, 200, 210, 414

Loom, 124, 131, 132

Lost-Tribes-of-Israel theory, 53, 63, 401, 403, 429

Louisiana costume, 140

M

Main points of Iroquois organisation, 425

Maize, 358

Makah house, 213

Malignant sprites, 405

Man always the same, 315

Manatee pipe, 173

Mandan costume, 144

Manner of dying, 356

Mantle of fur, 137

Map, Central-American ruins, 436;
linguistic, 33;
Mexican ruins, 438

Masks, 165

Mats, 147

Maxtlatl, 136

Maya, alphabet, 50;
books, 77, 82;
buildings, ground plans, 238;
chronicles, 408;
chronology, 242, 307;
greatness, 242;
house, 246;
numeral system, 83;
numerals, 86;
paper, 77;
parchment, 77;
war and rain gods, 190;
week, 306;
writing, origin of, 78;
year, 306

Mealing stones, 194

Medicinal remedies, 373

Medicine-men, 371, 372

Mendoza codex, 72

Mesa Encantada, 408

Messiah, the, 399

Metates, 181, 191, 194, 272

Method of attaching arrow-heads, 265

Methods of the fur companies, 363

Metlatl, 272

Mexican, bronze tools, 299;
costume, 134, 136, 138;
hardened copper, 299;
houses, 238;
knowledge of metals, 299;
mining, 299

Mezcal, 360

Michabo, 396, 399, 401

Midē, society, 401;
songs, 58

Migration theory, 428

Milk not used, 360

Mining, 285;
by fire method, 285

Misconceptions of the Spaniards, 421

Mississippi valley, houses, 205;
pottery, 106

Mitla, 209, 246;
roof construction, 230

Mnemonic records, 48, 59

Moccasin, 134, 142, 145, 150, 159, 369

Modoc houses, 215

Moki, hair dressing, 150, 151;
house plan, 220;
loom, 130;
method of watering crops, 335;
putchkohu, 268, 270;
reservation, 447;
sacred blanket, 130;
throwing-stick, 268, 270;
women’s costume, 150

Monitor pipe, 171

Monolithic monuments, 186

Montezuma, legend of, 408;
rank of, 423

Moons computed to the year, 305

Morgan’s classification, 14

Mormon protective garment, 262

Mortar, 246, 272

Most widely spread stocks, 443

Mound foundations, 242

Moundbuilder pipes, 172, 174

Moundbuilders, lack of skill, 174

Mounds, 195, 206, 207, 342, 350;
builders of, 343

Murder, settlement of, 381

Musical, bow, 308, 451;
instruments, 308

Mustache, 154

Myths, 393, 403;
resemblances to those of Israelites, 403

N

Nahuatls, 443. _See_ Mexican _and_ Aztec

Names, derivation of, 386;
indicating totem, 420

Natchez temple, 207

Navajo, costume, 150;
dramatic sense, 331;
dry-painting, 61;
house, 199;
loom construction, 131, 132;
reservation, 445;
silversmiths, 294;
silver-work, 296;
songs the most primitive, 313;
summer and winter homes, 412;
women’s costume, 150

Navajos remained behind, 440

Nenenot tent, 219

Nets, 269

New-fire, 252, 368, 370;
Moki, 370

Newark group of earthworks, 346

Nicaragua costume, 140

Night attacks, 366

North growing warmer, 443

North-west coast, “coppers,” 293;
houses, 212, 241;
totem poles, 241

North-western tribes, costume, 144

Notched doorway, 213, 228

Numerals of the Mayas, 83, 86

O

Object of Aztec war, 368

Observatories, 183

Obsidian, mines, 264;
tools, 299

Octli, 360

Oglala roster, 387

Okeepa ceremony, 362, 378

Oldest people of Valley of Mexico, 443

Olmecas, 443

Omaha boat, 284

Only one kind of music, 314

Ontonagon bowlder, the, 289

Opinion, effect of, on civil chief, 416

Oraibi at night, 325

Organisation and government, 410, 414

Organisation of Iroquois confederacy, 425

Origin, migrations, and history, 428

Origin of Maya writing, 78

Ornamentation of Yucatec architecture, 191

Outlaws, 453, 455

P

Pai Ute Messiah, 399

Pai Utes, 303

Painting faces, 366

Palace of Palenque, 351

Palenque buildings, 244, 351, 404, Frontispiece;
transverse section of, 210

Palm-drill, 252, 368

Paper of the Mayas, 77

Parallelism of human development, 396

Patnish and his band, 455

Patolli, 322

Peace chiefs, 418;
envoys, 364

Penn’s dealings, 358

Peopling of America, 428

Peresianus codex, 76

Period of time since recession of ice, 441

Permanent houses, 195

Phonetic element in Mayan and Mexican writing, 71

Phonographic records of songs, 320

Photographs bad medicine, 381

Phratry, 414

Pictographs, painted, 42

Picture-writing, 39;
classified, 50

Piki (Moki bread), 377

Pima house, 199

Piñon nuts for food, 358

Pipe, 171;
of peace, 364;
stone, 375

Pisé, 220, 236

Platforms, 206

Plumaje, 134

Plum-stone game, 324

Pochotl, 360

Poet, 313

Pokagon, Simon, quoted, 449

Pole, sacred, of the Omahas, 204

Polygamy, 386

Polysynthetic languages, 32

_Popol Vuh_, 82, 397

Population, 177;
before glacial cold, 434

Portable houses, 195

Potlatch, 162

Pottery, area, 110;
burnished, 100;
cloisonné, 101;
coil made, 99;
decoration of, 99, 120, 122;
Eskimo knowledge of, 428;
glaze, 101;
invented, 98;
preparation of clay for, 99

Priest doctor, 371

Primitive, fabrics, 124;
garments, 126;
loom, 121

Pronunciation, 34

Protective, armour, 156;
medicine, 262

Protruding tongue, 166

Pueblo, 207

Puebloan, costume, 133, 151, 153;
ignorance of metals, 292;
use of term, 44

Pulque, 360

Pump-drill, 251, 254

Putchkohu, 268, 270

Pyramid, not a proper term, 343, 351;
of Cholula, 350;
of the Sun, 350

Q

Quarries, 264, 273

Quetzalcohuatl, 371, 396, 397

R

Rabbit-skin robe, 130

Rain dance, 364

Raised houses, 240

Rapidity of erosion after recession of ice, 441

Rations, issue of, 445

Rattles, 309

Rattlesnake, centre of distribution, 190;
designs, 188;
horned, 380;
species, 189;
venerated, 63

Recession of the sea, 437

Records of Tecpan, Atitlan, 82

Red Cloud’s census, 60

Red dye, 304

Red pipe-stone, 375

Red score, authenticity of, 390;
of the Lenapés, 46, 47, 390

Rehearsal, a, 317

Religion, 375

Religious feasts, 368

Remedies, medicinal, 373

Remedy for smallpox, 375

Repoussé method of working copper, 291

Resemblance to Asiatics, 457

Resemblances of Amerinds and Old World people, cause of, 432

Reservoirs, 195, 338

Resurrection dance, 316, 399

Right of asylum, 364

Roasting tray, 90

Rock, carving, 168;
peckings, 42, 168, 180

Roof construction, Mitla, 230;
Moki, 226

Rope-making, 126, 346

Round towers, 232

Ruins in Honduras and Nicaragua, 246

Running the gauntlet, 366

S

Sachems, duties of, 425

Sacred, bag, 204;
buffalo-cow skin, 204;
Moki blanket, 130;
pole, 204, 383;
structures, 208;
tent, 204, 208;
tipi, 204

Sacrifice, method of Aztec, 371;
of children, Aztec, 371

Sacrificial stone, 182

Sail of umiak, 284

Sauk alphabet, 53

Sealskin, bottles, 276;
floats, 267

Secret society, 414

Section of Yucatec building, 235

Seminole, costume, 154;
war, 445

Sequoia, 360

Sequoyah (George Gist) syllabary, 52

Seven cities myth, 403

Shamans, 371, 373, 408;
definition of, 372

Shell carvings, 174

Shields, 258

Shoshokoes, 8

Sign-language, 26

Sign of clan or gens membership, 420

Silversmith’s tools, 298

Silversmiths, Navajo, 294, 296;
Tlinkit, 296

Similarities between Amerind and European words, 25, 28

Singing, 312, 318;
in the night, 319

“Singing-girl,” statue, 188

Sīsul, 168, 392

Sitting Bull, 356, 451

Six Nations, 425

Skin armour, 260

Skull-cap, 147

Slab houses, 212

Sledge, 277

Smallpox remedy, 375

Smelting ore, 291

Smoking, 363

Snake dance, 376

Snow-house, 217;
iglu, 217;
knife, 217;
shoe, 280;
snake, 323

Soapstone quarries, 273, 286;
vessels, 273

Sod house, 217

Soft pottery, 99

Sokus Waiunats and the magic cup, 403

Somaikoli ceremony, 318, 381, 454

Songs of the Ghost dance, 316

Sorceress, 371

Sound writing, 69

Soyaita ceremony, _see_ Somaikoli

Spades, 270

Spear- and arrow-heads, 263

Spindle, 126

Spinning, 128

Statue of the Sun, 350

Stelæ, Copan, 186

Stock names, how derived, 30

Stocks, 17

Stone, cutting, 300;
graves, 388;
implements as charms, 263;
statues in Georgia and Tennessee, 176

Stools of Chiriqui, 192

Story telling, 330

String-drill, 252

Sun priests of the Moki, 305

Superstition, 377

Swastika, 63, 458

Sweat, bath, 374;
house, 374

Syllabary, Cherokee, 52

Symbol of the peaceful council fire, 418

Symbolic writing, 69

T

Tablet of the, Cross, 184;
Sun, 186

Tablets, Maya, 184

Taensa house, 208

Tambourine-drum, 308, 313

Taos, 3, 234

Tattooing, 56

Tchungkee game, 328

Tecumseh, 449

Tegua (moccasin), 134

Telleriano-Remensis Codex, 72

Temple, of the Cross, 184, 190, 244;
of the Natchez, 207;
of the Sun, Frontispiece, 186;
of Tepoztlan, 242, 391;
of Xochicalco, 23, 31, 242

Temples, 350

Temporary house, 195

Tennis, 328

Teocalli, Frontispiece, 391

Tepehuaje, 311

Teponaztli, 312

Tepoztlan, temple of, 242, 391

Terms for describing stone weapons, 263

Terra-cotta, figures, 112, 113, 115;
tubing, 116, 117

Tetzontli, 350

Tewa, village of, when established, 22

Thought writing, 69

Thread, 126, 138

Throwing-stick of Mokis, 267, 268

Thunder-bird, 167, 342, 393

Tilmatli, 136

Time calculations, 305

Tipi, 195, 198, 200, 204;
construction, 200;
decoration, 202;
derivation of, 200;
sacred, of the Omahas, 204

Tiste, 360

Tlaloc, 396

Tlapan-huehuetl, 311

Tlaxcala, not a Mexican Switzerland, 423

Tlaxcalteco organisation, 424

Tlinkit silversmith, 296

Tobacco, 28, 363;
pipe, 171, 363, 364

Toboggan, 279

Toltecs, 443

Tongue in Amerindian carving, 166

Tools, 249

Topek, 219

Tortillas, 360

Totem, and totemism, 386;
poles, 162, 386

Totems, where chosen, 420

Totolospi game, 322

Towers, round, 232

Tozacatl, 311

Traditions, 393

Traits, 354

Translation of picture-writing by Mormons, 63

Transportation, 276

Triangular arch, 242

Tribal, chief, 416;
organisation, 414

Tribes, change building methods, 350;
exterminated, 445

Troano Codex, 82

True arch, 217

Tupek, 219

Turf house, 217

Turtleback flints, 261

U

Umiak, 157, 282, 283;
sail, 284

Unity of all music, 314

Unseen ruins, 246

Utahs, costume of 1776, 141

V

Value of a “copper,” 297

Variation in culture, 178

Vase from Labna, 74

Vatican Codex, 72

Veils, 138

Vicuna in Arizona, 130, 276

Village dweller, 8

Villages, location of, 412;
permanent, 228

Virgin copper, 301

Votan, 397

Votive stones, 188

W

Walamink, or Place of Paint, 304

Wālasaxa dance, 359

Wall, steps on, Moki, 222, 224

Walls, Moki, 226

Walam Olum, 47, 390

Wampum, 55, 143, 418;
belt, 418

War, 8, 366, 445;
belt of Iroquois, 418;
bonnet, 145, 156, 266;
chief’s office hereditary in the tribe, 424;
chiefs, 418, 424;
costume, 156, 357, 442;
declaration of, 418;
infrequent, 366;
object of, with Aztecs, 368;
Seminole, 445;
shirt, 262

Water-pocket, 405

Waterproof, boots, 159;
garment, 159

Weaving, 126, 128, 137, 141, 147

Weighing, 305

Whalebone dish, 96

Whip, of Eskimos, 279;
top, 328

Whisky, 360, 361

Whistles, 308, 310

White, brutality, 445;
buffalo-cow skin, sacred, 204;
men as chiefs, 416

Wicker-work, in house construction, 234, 236;
plastered, 236

Wigwam, 200, 204

Wikiup, 195

Wilson, Jack, the Pai Ute Messiah, 399

Windows, 228, 242

Wine, from cactus fruit, 360

Winter counts, Dakota, 60, 377

Wolf-killer, 267

Wooden, house, 195;
walls in ancient Puebloan construction, 236

Woonupits, 320, 405

Wrecks of Japanese vessels on Pacific coast, 429

X

Xicalancas, 443

Xochicalco, temple of, 23, 31, 242

Y

Yant, 358

Yellow dye, 304

Yokuts houses, 215

Yourt, 216

Yucatec, buildings, ground plans, 238;
stone, 242

Z

Zahcab, 238, 288

Zoötheism, 375

A primitive and universal sign]

FOOTNOTES:

[1] See the last chapter.

[2] See linguistic map p. 33, and list of tribes and stocks in Appendix.

[3] When the ice front was along the Ohio, the Eskimo naturally were distributed along the southern fringe.

[4] For many details of the life of the American Indians, or Amerinds, see _The Indians of To-Day_, by George Bird Grinnell. For the origin of the word Amerind see the _American Anthropologist_, N. S., vol. i., No. 3, p. 582.

[5] It must be borne in mind that the general estimate of the Amerind is entirely drawn from white men’s writings. The Amerind side has never been presented.

[6] _Narrative of James P. Beckwourth_, p. 254; Irving’s _Bonneville_, p. 225.

[7] “Amidst all the devastating incursions of the Indians in North America it is a remarkable fact that no Friend who stood faithful to his principles in the disuse of all weapons of war, the cause of which was generally well understood by the Indians, ever suffered personal molestation from them,” vol. v., p. 63, Brinton’s _Library of Am. Ab. Literature_, from _An Account of the Conduct of the Society of Friends toward the Indians_, p. 72. London, 1844.

[8] Payne says, “Anahuac was becoming a military despotism.” _History of the New World called America_, vol. ii., p. 494.

[9] See Preface and the last chapter.

[10] Brinton’s “Uto-Aztecan.” The connection between the Nahuatl, or Aztec, and Shoshonean is not well established.

[11] Lewis H. Morgan, _Houses and House Life_, Dr. W. J. McGee has added a fourth stage, “Enlightenment.”

[12] For a full statement of this story, see the fascinating book, _Atlantis: The Antediluvian World_, by Ignatius Donnelly.

[13] See Chap. XVI. and also the Preface.

[14] The widest differences were in the Maya and the Timuquanan. Each of these differed greatly from the bulk of the Amerind languages and from each other, probably because both stocks held more isolated positions than the others during the glacial period, and preserved more of their earlier life, whatever it may have been.

[15] See J. N. B. Hewitt, _American Anthropologist_, October, 1893.

[16] “There are well-known examples in the ethnography of other races, where reliance on language alone would lead the investigator astray; but all serious students of the native American tribes are united in the opinion that with them no other clue can compare to it in general results.”—D. G. Brinton, _The American Race_, Preface.

[17] As to the value of linguistics as a means of classification, Cyrus Thomas says: “On the one side, it is held by some authors that affinity of languages implies racial identity or unity of origin; on the other, it is contended that the theory that the affinity of languages necessarily implies identity of race is not warranted.”