Chapter V: ) (6)

The seeds should be kept in vessels of water until ready
for sowing, when they may be placed in loamy soil, and the
pot submerged a couple of inches in water, the temperature
of which should not be allowed to fall below 85°. The
tank should be in a light position near the glass. Annual.

=Vinca= (Periwinkle). _Apocynaceæ._

Increased by seeds and by divisions.

=Viola= (Violet, Heartsease, Pansy). _Violarieæ._

The named violets are increased by cuttings made in a
cool house from vigorous shoots. Common species by seeds,
runners and divisions of the plants. Pansies are usually
grown from seeds, but named varieties may be multiplied
from cuttings taken late in the season, or from layers.

=Virgilia.= See Cladrastis.

=Virginia Creeper.= See Ampelopsis.

=Virgin's Bower.= See Clematis.

=Viscum= (Mistletoe). _Loranthaceæ._

Raised from seed, which should be inserted in a notch cut
in the bark or under side of a branch of the host. Avoid
crushing the seed, and have the embryo directed towards the
trunk. To prevent birds from disturbing the seeds after
being placed in position, cover with light-colored cloth.
The seed may also be fastened to a smooth part of the tree
by the sticky substance surrounding it, but more seed is lost.
Our native phoradendron can be handled in the same way.

=Vitex= (Chaste-tree). _Verbenaceæ._

Seeds. Suckers. Layers. Cuttings of green or ripened
wood.

=Vitis.= See Grape.

=Vochysia=, Curcullaria. _Vochysiaceæ._

Seeds; by ripened cuttings in sand under glass, in heat.

=Waahoo.= See Euonymus.

=Waldsteinia.= _Rosaceæ._

May be multiplied by seeds or divisions.

=Wall-flower= (_Cheiranthus Cheiri_). _Cruciferæ._

Propagated by seeds; the plants, however, will not flower
at the north until the second season; protection of a frame
is required.

=Wallichia=, Wrightia. _Palmæ._

May be increased by seeds; or by suckers, which should
be gradually separated so as to allow them to make sufficient
roots before they are quite detached.

=Walnut.= See Juglans.

=Water-Cress= (_Nasturtium officinale_). _Cruciferæ._

Cuttings of the young stems, which root in mud with great
readiness. Seeds scattered in the water or mud.

=Water Lily.= See Nymphæa, Nelumbo and Victoria.

=Water-Melon= (_Citrullus vulgaris_). _Cucurbitaceæ._

Seeds, usually sown where the plants are to remain, after
the weather is warm and settled.

=Watsonia= (Bugle Lily). _Irideæ._

The plants are multiplied by seeds or by offsets.

=Wax Flower.= See Hoya.

=Weigela.= See Diervilla.

=Wellingtonia.= See Sequoia.

=Whin.= See Ulex and Genista.

=White Cedars.= See Chamæcyparis and Thuya.

=White-wood.= See Liriodendron and Tilia.

=Whitlava.= See Phacelia.

=Whortleberry=, Huckleberry (_Gaylussacia resinosa_). _Ericaceæ._

Propagated by seeds, which should be stratified and otherwise
carefully handled. (See also Vaccinium.)

=Willow.= See Salix.

=Wind Flower.= See Anemone.

=Windsor, Broad or Horn Bean= (_Vicia Faba._) _Leguminosæ._

Propagation by seeds in open air after the soil is fairly
warm.

=Winter Aconite.= See Eranthis.

=Winter Cress.= See Barbarea.

=Wistaria.= _Leguminosæ._

Readily grown from seeds. Sometimes by division.
Layers. Cuttings of ripened wood, usually handled under
glass. The common purple and white kinds are largely
grown from root-cuttings, an inch or two long, placed in
bottom heat, when they will start in four or five weeks.
Many of the fancy kinds, especially when wood is scarce, are
root- or crown-grafted upon _W. Sinensis._

=Witch-hazel.= See Hamamelis.

=Woad-Waxen.= See Genista.

=Woodbine.= A name properly belonging to climbing Loniceras, but often
applied to Ampelopsis, both of which see.

=Wormwood=, Southernwood (_Artemisia Absinthium_). _Compositæ._

Seeds and division.

=Wrightia=, Balfouria (Palay or Ivory-tree). _Apocynaceæ._

Seeds; usually by cuttings, which root readily in sand in
heat.

=Xanthoceras=. _Sapindaceæ._

Usually multiplied by seeds; root-cuttings are sometimes
used.

=Xanthorhiza=, Zanthorhiza. _Ranunculaceæ._

Seeds and suckers.

=Xanthorrhœa= (Black Boy, Grass-tree). _Juncaceæ._

Seeds; but usually by offsets.

=Xanthosoma=, including Acontias. _Aroideæ._

May be increased by cutting up the stem or root-stock into
small pieces and planting these in light soil, or cocoa fibre, in
bottom heat. After a stem has been cut off, a number of
shoots are developed, which can be treated as cuttings.

=Xerophyllum.= _Liliaceæ._

May be propagated by seeds and by divisions.

=Xiphion.= See Iris.

=Xylophylla.= See Phyllanthus.

=Yam.= See Discorea.

=Yellow-wood.= See Cladrastis.

=Yew.= See Taxus.

=Yucca= (Adam's Needle, Bear's Grass, Spanish Bayonet). _Liliaceæ._

Increased by seeds; and by divisions, which may be
planted in the open ground, or by pieces of thick, fleshy
roots, cut into lengths, and inserted in sandy soil, in heat.

=Yulan.= See Magnolia.

=Zamia.= _Cycadaceæ._

Division of the crowns when possible; or by seeds and
suckers. The plants are oftenest imported directly from
the tropics.

=Zanthorhiza.= See Xanthorhiza.

=Zanthoxylum= (Prickly Ash). _Rutaceæ._

Seeds, suckers, but more often by root-cuttings.

=Zea.= See Maize.

=Zephyranthes=, including Habranthus (Flower of the West Wind, Zephyr
Flower). _Amaryllideæ._

May be multiplied by seeds; or by separating the bulbels.

=Zingiber=, including Zerumbet (Ginger). _Scitamineæ._

Propagated by division.

=Zinnia= (Youth-and-old-Age). _Compositæ._

Seeds, sown either in-doors or out.

=Zizania= (Wild or Indian Rice). _Graminæ._

Seeds, sown along water courses or in bogs in fall or
spring.

=Zizyphus.= See Jujube.

=Zygadenus=, including Amianthemum, Anticloa. _Liliaceæ._

Readily multiplied by seeds or by divisions.

=Zygopetalum.= _Orchideæ._

Division. (See also under Orchids.)

=Zygophyllum= (Bean Caper). _Zygophylleæ,._

Seeds, when they can be had; otherwise by cuttings in a
frame.