Chapter III: Belief and Superstition 71

§ 1. “_Superstition._”—Here used merely to include Magic
and Animism as imagination-beliefs 71-2

§ 2. _Imagination._—Various uses of the word; mental
“images”; in connection with reasoning; and
with literary fiction. Here means unverifiable
representation 72-6

§ 3. _Belief._—Nature of belief; degrees of probability;
tested by action; play-belief 76-9

§ 4. _Causes and Grounds of Belief._—Derived from
perception. Evidentiary causes, or grounds,
raising some probability; and non-evidentiary
causes which are not grounds. Memory, testimony,
inference so far as unverifiable are imagination.
Influence of apperceptive masses and of methodology.
Non-evidentiary causes have their own apperceptive
masses—derived from bad observation, memory,
testimony; influenced by emotion, desire and
voluntary action; by sympathy and antipathy, and by
suggestibility 79-85

§ 5. _The Beliefs of Immature Minds._—Non-evidentiary
causes more influential than with us;
picture-thinking more vivid; no common standard of
truth; feeble power of comparison, due perhaps to
undeveloped brain 85-92

§ 6. _The Reasoning of Immature Minds._—Fallacies
of induction; ignorance of the minor premise in
deduction; reasoning by analogy 92-8

§ 7. _General Ideas at the Savage Level._—Savages have
general ideas, though often not recognised or named;
force; relations of causation and equality 99-103

§ 8. _The Weakness of Imagination-beliefs._—Superficial
resemblance to perception-beliefs; more nearly allied
to play-belief 103-7