Chapter VI: The Relations Between Magic and Animism 187

§ 1. _The Question of Priority._—Wundt’s theory of
Animism and of the derivation from it of Magic.
Reasons for dissenting. Origins of Magic and of
Animism independent 187-93

§ 2. _Magic and Religion._—Frazer’s hypothesis as to
the superseding of Magic by Religion. Reasons for
dissenting. Alternative hypothesis. Caprice of
spirits the essential distinction of Animism 193-7

§ 3. _Ideas and Practices of Magic adopted by
Animism._—Invisible force. Power of charms ascribed
to spirits. Omens first magical, then spiritual
warnings. Spells become prayers. Magical rites become
religious ceremonies 197-203

§ 4. _Retrogradation._—Wundt’s theory explains the loss
in many cases of animistic ideas; Fetiches; Omens;
Prayers; religious ceremonies 203-7

§ 5. _Spirits know Magic, teach it, and inspire
Magicians._—Examples of spirits knowing and teaching
Magic. Inspiration and possession 207-12

§ 6. _Spirits operate by Magic._—Possession; smiting;
metamorphosis; charms and spells 212-16

§ 7. _Spirits are controlled by Magic._—Biological
necessity of controlling spirits—by fear—or by
Magic. Analogy with politics. The higher barbaric
religions. Magico-legal control of gods. Idea of
Fate. Free-will and uniformity 216-24