Chapter IV: Appendix: V

PAPAL PHYSICIANS. 431

The principal Papal Physicians, their careers, and their chief
works. Ursus, Guy of Montpellier, Ricardus Anglicus, Taddeo {xiii}
Florentinus, Simon Januensis, William of Brescia, Arnold of
Villanova, Petrus Aichspadius, Gentilis Gentilis, Dino del Garbo,
Guy de Chauliac, Jean de Tornemire, Francis Casinus, John Baptist
Verallus, Ludovicus Scarampus, Bernard Garzonius, Laurentius
Roverella, Joannes Serninus, Simon Tebaldi, Jacobus Gottifredus,
Joannes Burgius, Sanctes Floccus, Sebastianus Veteranus, Onofrio de
Onofriis, John Philip de Lignamine, Benedict of Nursia, Petrus
Leonius, Alexander de Espinosa, Gaspar Torella, Petrus Pintor,
Horatio and Scipio Lancillotti, Joannes Bodier, Samuel Sarfati,
Antonius Petrutius, Dioscorides da Velletri, Bartholomeo of Pisa,
Bernardinus Speronius, Jerome Sessa, Clementius Clementinus,
Bartholomeo Montagnana, Giovanni Antracino, John de Vigo, Francesco
Fusconi, Andreas Cibbo, Andrea Turini, Ludovico Augeni, Paulus
Jovius, Matteo Corti (Curtius), Antonio Musa Brasavola, Silvius
Zeffiri, Jacobus Bonacossus, Joannes Manovelli, Thomas Cadimustus,
Tiberius Palella, Alfonso Ferri, Franciscus Frigimelica, Maggi, John
Baptist Cananus, Augustino Ricchi, Altamare, Bianchi, Simon Pasqua,
Pompeius Barba, Franciscus Gymnasius, Jerome Cardan, Mercurialis,
Placidus Fuscus, Andreas Baccius, Demetrius Canevarius, Malpighi,
Jerome Provenzalis, Jerome Rubeus, Jerome Cordella, Zecchius,
Caesalpinus, Michael Mercatus, Nicholas Masinus, Jacobus
Bonaventura, Julius de Angelis, Pompeius Caimus, Vincentius Crucius,
Giovanni and Bernardino Castellani, Julius Mancinus, Sylvester and
Thaddeus Collicola, Baldus Baldi, Paul Zacchias, Gabriel Fonseca,
Matthias Naldius, Borelli, Lancisi, Salvatorius, Romulus Spezioli,
Lucas Tozzi, Morgagni, Cotugno, Giambattista Bomba, Antonio
Baccelli, Flajani, Paolo Baroni, Pier Luigi Valentini, Giuseppe
Constantini, Castracane, Lapponi, Marchiafava.

APPENDIX VI.

ASTRONOMY AND THE CHURCH; SOME ROMAN ASTRONOMERS. 469

No formal list of Papal astronomers available. The roll of names in astronomy connected in some way with the Popes almost as distinguished as that of Papal Physicians: Roger Bacon, Albertus Magnus, Nicholas of Cusa, Regiomontanus, Toscanelli, Archbishop Antoninus, Clavius, the Roman College, Scheiner, Ricci, Athanasius Kircher, Thomas Leseur, Franz Jacquier, Boscovitch, Le Maire, Gilii, Beccaria, Piazzi, Secchi, De Vico, Sestini, Denza, Lais, Rodriguez, Hagan.

{xiv}

APPENDIX VII.

THE FATHERS OF THE CHURCH AND SCIENCE. 484

Supposed opposition of the Fathers of the Church to science.
Father Leahy on the true relations.
Defence of the Fathers.
Supposed opposition to science.
No opposition to true science.
Position as regards astrology.
What the Fathers did for science.

APPENDIX VIII.

SCIENCE IN AMERICA. 492

Spanish Catholic America far outdistanced English Protestant
America in the cultivation of science before our time.

Professor Bourne, on science at the Spanish-American Universities,
"Spanish-American science of the sixteenth century only reached
in English America in the nineteenth."

Dr. Chanca's letter.

Priority in medical education.

Bourne on Spanish-American anticipations.

Reasons for decadence.