Chapter XI: The Memory of Feelings 140

Can emotional images be revived, spontaneously or
voluntarily?—Summary of scattered facts relating to this
subject—Inquiry into this question, and method
followed—Emotional and gustative images—Internal
sensations (hunger, thirst, fatigue, disgust,
etc.)—Pleasures and pains; observations—Emotions: three
distinct forms of revivability according to
observations—Reduction of the images to three groups:
revivability, direct and easy, indirect and comparatively
easy, difficult and sometimes direct, sometimes
indirect—The revivability of a representation is in
proportion to its complexity and the motor elements
included in it—Reservations to be made on this last
point—Is there such a thing as a real emotional
memory?—Two cases: false or abstract, and true or concrete
memory—Peculiar characters and differences of each
case—Change of the emotional into an intellectual
recollection—Emotional amnesia: its practical
consequences—There exists a general emotional type and
partial emotional types—Confirmatory
observations—Comparative revivability of agreeable and
disagreeable states—To feel acutely and to recall an acute
impression of the feeling are two different operations.

CHAPTER XII.

THE FEELINGS AND THE ASSOCIATION OF IDEAS 172

The function of the feelings, as the cause of
association—The law of affective association, conceived as
general, and as local—I. Function of unconscious feeling:
ancestral or hereditary unconsciousness; personal
unconsciousness arising from cœnæsthesia; personal
unconsciousness arising from the events of our life—Law of
transference by contiguity, by resemblance: wide or
narrow—II. Function of the conscious feelings: accidental
cases, permanent cases, exceptional or rare cases.

_Part II._—SPECIAL PSYCHOLOGY.

INTRODUCTION 187

Importance of the study of special feelings—Utility of
historical documents—Causes of the evolution of the
feelings: (1) intellectual development; (2) hereditary
influence, perhaps reducible to influences of
environment—Cases in which the evolution of ideas precedes
that of feelings—Inverse cases—The intellect swayed by the
principle of contradiction; feeling by that of
finality—Classification of primitive tendencies—Method to
be followed—Group I.: physiological (reception,
transformation, restitution)—Group II.:
psychophysiological—Group III.: psychological—Their
enumeration.

CHAPTER I.

THE INSTINCT OF CONSERVATION IN ITS PHYSIOLOGICAL FORM 199

Hypothesis regarding the relation between the nutritive
organs and the brain—Perversion of the instincts relating
to nutrition—Pathology of hunger and thirst—Proofs
furnished of the priority of these tendencies in relation
to pleasure and pain—Facts in support of this—Negative
tendency; disgust—Its biological value as a protective
instinct.

CHAPTER II.

FEAR 207

Fear the conservative instinct under its defensive
form—Physiology—Psychology—First stage: Instinctive
fear—Hypothesis of heredity—Second stage: Fear founded on
experience—Pathology—Morbid or pathological fears—Two
periods in their study—Attempts at classification—How are
they derived from normal fear? Two groups, connected
respectively with fear and disgust—Inquiry into the
immediate causes: events in life of which a recollection
has been retained; of which no recollection has been
retained—Occasional transformation of a vague state into a
precise form.

CHAPTER III.

ANGER 218

Anger the conservative instinct in its offensive
form—Physiology—Psychology—Anger passes through two
stages, one simple, the other mixed—Its evolution—Animal
form, or that of actual aggression—Emotional form, or that
of simulated aggression—Appearance of a pleasurable
element—Intellectualised form, or that of deferred
aggression—Pathology: Epileptic insanity, corresponding to
the animal form; the maniacal state, corresponding to the
affective form—Disintegrated forms of anger—Overpowering
tendencies to destructiveness—How do they arise and take a
definite direction?—Return to the reflex state—Essential
cause: temperament—Accidental causes.

CHAPTER IV.

SYMPATHY AND THE TENDER EMOTIONS 230

Sympathy is not an instinct, but a highly generalised
psycho-physiological property—Complete sense and
restricted sense—Physiological phase:
imitation—Psychological phase: first stage, psychological
unison; second stage, addition of tender emotion—Tender
emotion—Its physiological expression—Its relations with
touch—The smile—Tears: hypotheses as to their
causes—Tender emotion indecomposable.

CHAPTER V.

THE EGO AND ITS EMOTIONAL MANIFESTATIONS 239

Reducible to one primary fact: the feeling of strength or
weakness—Positive form: type, pride. Its physiological and
psychological characteristics. Its relation to joy and
anger. Its evolution—Negative form: humility. Its
semi-social character—Pathology, positive form: monomania
of power, megalomania—Extreme negative form: suicidal
tendency—Psychological problem of this practical negation
of the fundamental instinct.

CHAPTER VI.

THE SEXUAL INSTINCT 248

Its physiology—Its evolution: Instinctive period—Emotional
period (Individual choice)—Intellectual period (Platonic
love)—Its pathology—How can sexual instinct deviate from
the normal course?—Anatomical and social
causes—Psychological causes: (_a_) unconscious, (_b_)
conscious.

CHAPTER VII.

TRANSITION FROM THE SIMPLE TO THE COMPLEX EMOTIONS 260

The complex emotions are derived from the simple (1) by
way of complete evolution; in a homogeneous form:
Examples—In a heterogeneous form: Examples—(2) by arrest
of development—(3) by composition; two forms—Composition
by mixture; with convergent elements; with divergent
elements—Composition by combination (sublimity,
humour)—Modesty—Is it an instinct?—Hypotheses as to its
origin.